EASWARI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Department of Mechanical Engineering

ME 8594 DYNAMICS OF MACHINES
ASSIGNMENT I
Part A
1. Distinguish between crank effort and piston effort
2. State the principle used in dynamic force analysis.
3. State D’Alembert’s principle.
4. Differentiate static force analysis and dynamic force analysis.
5. Define Inertia.
6. Define crank pin effort and crank effort.
7. State the function of governors.
8. Explain the term stability of governor.
9. Write a short note on “hunting of governors”.
10. Define Effort and Power of governor.
11. Explain sensitiveness of governors.
12. There is no effect of the gyroscopic couple acting on the body of a ship during rolling. Justify.
13. Differentiate steering and pitching.
14. What is the effect of gyroscopic couple on the aero plane while the engine of an aero plane rotates in
clockwise direction when seen from the tail and the aero plane takes a turn to the left?
15. Disc spinning on its axis at 20 rad/s will undergo precession when a torque 100 N-m is applied about an axis
normal to it at an angular speed, if mass moment of inertia of the disc is the 1 kg-m2. Find angular velocity of
precession.
Part B
1. Derive the equation of forces on the reciprocating parts of an engine, neglecting weight of the connecting rod.
2. The following data relate to a horizontal engine: Connecting rod length = 400mm, Mass of the connecting rod
= 100kg, Radius of gyration of connecting rod = 120mm, Centre of gravity of connecting rod is located at a
distance of 160mm from the bigger end. Mass of piston = 125kg, Stroke length of piston = 200mm, Engine
speed = 750 RPM. Find the inertia torque on the crank when Ɵ is 30ᵒ from IDC.
3. A single cylinder vertical engine has a bore of 300 mm and a stroke of 400 mm. The connecting rod is 1 m
long and the mass of the reciprocating parts is 140 kg. On the expansion stroke, with the crank at 30° from the
537 top dead center, the gas pressure is 0.7 MPa. If the engine runs at 250 rpm, Determine (i) Net force acting on
the piston (ii) Resultant load on the gudgeon pin (iii) Thrust on the cylinder walls, and (iv) The speed above
which, other things remaining the same, the gudgeon pin load would be reversed in direction.
4. A porter governor has all four arms 300mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation and lower
arms are attached to the sleeve at distance of 3.5mm from the axis. The mass of each ball is 7 kg and mass on
the sleeve is 54kg. If the extreme radii of rotation of the balls are 200mm and 250mm. Determine the range of
speed of the governor.
5. The arms of a Porter governor are 300 mm long. The upper arms are pivoted on the axis of rotation. The lower
arms are attached to a sleeve at a distance of 40 mm from the axis of rotation. The mass of the load on the
sleeve is 70 kg and the mass of each ball is 10 kg. Determine the equilibrium speed when the radius of
rotation of the balls is 200 mm. If the friction is equivalent to a load of 20 N at the sleeve, what will be the
range of speed for this position?
6. A governor of the proell type has a each arm 250mm long. The pivots of the upper and lower arms are 25mm
from the axis. The central load acting on the sleeve has a mass of 25kg and the each rotating ball has a mass of
3.2kg. when the governor sleeve is in mid position, the extension like of the lower arm is vertical and the
radius of the path of rotation of the masses is 175mm. the vertical height of the governor is 200mm. if the
governor speed is 160rpm, when in mid position. Find the length of the extension link and the tension in the
upper arm.
7. A Proell governor has equal arms of length 300 mm. The upper and lower ends of the arms are pivoted on the
axis of the governor. The extension arms of the lower links are each 80 mm long and parallel to the axis when
the radii of rotation of the balls are 150 mm and 200 mm. The mass of each ball is 10 kg and the mass of the
central load is 100 kg. Determine the range of speed of the governor.
8. A ship is propelled by a turbine rotor which has a mass of 5 tonnes and a speed of 2100 rpm. The rotor has a
radius of gyration of 0.5 m and rotates in a clockwise direction when viewed from the stern. Find the
gyroscopic effect in the following conditions. (i) the ship sails at a speed of 30 km/hr and steers to the left in
curve having 60 m radius. (ii) the ship pitches 6° above and 6° below the horizontal position. The bow is
descending with its maximum velocity. The motion due to pitching is simple harmonic and the periodic time
is 20 seconds. (iii) the ship rolls at a certain instant it has an angular velocity of 0.03 rad/sec clockwise when
viewed from stern.
9. The turbine rotor of a ship has a mass of 2000 kg and rotates at a speed of 3000 r.p.m. clockwise when
looking from a stern. The radius of gyration of the rotor is 0.5 m. Determine the gyroscopic couple and its
effects upon the ship when the ship is steering to the right in a curve of 100 m radius at a speed of 16.1 knots
(1 knot = 1855 m/hr). Calculate also the torque and its effects when the ship is pitching in simple harmonic
motion, the bow falling with its maximum velocity. The period of pitching is 50 seconds and the total angular
displacement between the two extreme positions of pitching is 12°. Find the maximum acceleration during
pitching motion.
10. A four wheeled motor car weighing 2000 kg has height of C.G of 600 mm above ground level. the engine
parts and transmission are equivalent to a flywheel of 80 kg with radius of gyration 150 mm and their axis
coincide with longitudinal axis of the vertical the car negotiates a curve (turning right) of 60 m radius at 72
kmph with over all gear ratio 4:1.the radius of road wheel is300 mm and moment of inertia is 3 kg-
m2.assuming wheel track as 1.5 m, weight distribution as50:50.determine reaction at each wheel.
11. A rear engine automobile is travelling along a track of 100 metres mean radius. Each of the four road wheels
has a moment of inertia of 2.5 kg-m2 and an effective diameter of 0.6 m. The rotating parts of the engine have
a moment of inertia of 1.2 kg-m2. The engine axis is parallel to the rear axle and the crankshaft rotates in the
same sense as the road wheels. The ratio of engine speed to back axle speed is 3:1. The automobile has a mass
of 1600 kg and has its centre of gravity 0.5 m above road level. The width of the track of the vehicle is 1.5 m.
Determine the limiting speed of the vehicle around the curve for all four wheels to maintain contact with the
road surface. Assume that the road surface is not cambered and centre of gravity of the automobile lies
centrally with respect to the four wheels.
12. In a spring loaded governor of the Hartnell type, the mass of each ball is 5 kg and the lift of the sleeve is 50
mm. The speed at which the governor begins to float is 240 rpm, and at this speed the radius of the ball path is
110mm. The mean working speed of the governor is 20 times the range of speed when friction is neglected. If
the lengths of ball and roller arm of the bell crank lever are 120 mm and 100 mm respectively and if the
distance between the centre of pivot of bell crank lever and axis of governor spindle is 140 mm, determine the
initial compression of the spring taking into account the obliquity of arms. If friction is equivalent to a force of
30 N at the sleeve, find the total alteration in speed before the sleeve begins to move from mid-position.