Electronic Devices and Circuits

This set of Electronic Devices and Circuits Multiple Choice Questions 1.

1. How many junction/s do a diode consist?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Diode is a one junction semiconductor device which has one cathode
and anode. The junction is of p-n type.
2. If the positive terminal of the battery is connected to the anode of the diode, then
it is known as
a) Forward biased
b) Reverse biased
c) Equilibrium
d) Schottky barrier
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When a positive terminal is connected to the anode, the diode is
forward biased which lets the flow of the current in the circuit.
3. During reverse bias, a small current develops known as
a) Forward current
b) Reverse current
c) Reverse saturation current
d) Active current
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When the diode is reverse biased, a small current flows between the
p-n junction which is of the order of the Pico ampere. This current is known as
reverse saturation current.
4. If the voltage of the potential barrier is V0. A voltage V is applied to the input, at
what moment will the barrier disappear?
a) V< V0
b) V= V0
c) V> V0
d) V<< V0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: When the voltage will be same that of the potential barrier, the
potential barrier disappears resulting in flow of current.
5. During the reverse biased of the diode, the back resistance decrease with the
increase of the temperature. Is it true or false?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to the increase in the reverse saturation current due to the
increase in the temperature, the back resistance decrease with the increasing
temperature.
6. What is the maximum electric field when Vbi=2V , VR=5V and width of the
semiconductor is 7cm?
a) -100V/m
b) -200V/m
c) 100V/m
d) 200V/m
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Emax=-2(Vbi+VR)/W
=-2(2+5)/ (7*10-2)
=-200V/m.
7. When the diode is reverse biased with a voltage of 6V and Vbi=0.63V. Calculate
the total potential.
a) 6V
b) 6.63V
c) 5.27V
d) 0.63V
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Vt=Vbi+VR
=0.63+6
=6V.
8. It is possible to measure the voltage across the potential barrier through a
voltmeter?
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The contacts of the voltmeter have some resistance which will not
accurately measure the voltage across the potential barrier. Thus, it is not possible
to measure the voltage across the potential barrier.
9. What will be the output of the following circuit? (Assume 0.7V drop across the
diode)

a) 12V
b) 12.7V
c) 11.3V
d) 0V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: V=12-0.7
=11.3V.
10. Which of the following formula represents the correct formula for width of the
depletion region?

a)

b)

c)

d)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Option a is the correct formula.
1. The diode in a half wave rectifier has a forward resistance RF. The voltage is
Vmsinωt and the load resistance is RL. The DC current is given by _________
a) Vm/√2RL
b) Vm/(RF+RL)π
c) 2Vm/√π
d) Vm/RL
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: For a half wave rectifier, the IDC=IAVG=Im/π
I= Vmsinωt/(RF+RL)=Imsinωt
Im =Vm/ RF+RL So, IDC=Im/π=Vm/(RF+RL).
2. The below figure arrives to a conclusion that _________

a) for Vi > 0, V0=-(R2/R1)Vi

b) for Vi > 0, V0=0
c) Vi < 0, V0=-(R2/R1)Vi
d) Vi < 0, V0=0
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The given op-amp is in inverting mode and this makes the output
voltage to have a phase shift of 180°. The output voltage is now negative. So, the
diode 1 is reverse biased and diode 2 is forward biased. Then output is clearly zero.
3. What is the output as a function of the input voltage (for positive values) for the
given figure. Assume it’s an ideal op-amp with zero forward drop (Di=0)

a) 0
b) -Vi
c) Vi
d) 2Vi
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When the input of the inverted mode op-amp is positive, the output is
negative.
The diode is reverse biased. The input appears at the output.
4. In a half wave rectifier, the sine wave input is 50sin50t. If the load resistance is
of 1K, then average DC power output will be?
a) 3.99V
b) 2.5V
c) 5.97V
d) 6.77V
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The standard form of a sine wave is Vmsinωt. BY comparing the
given information with this equation, Vm =50.
Power=Vm2/RL=50*50/1000=2.5V.
5. In a half wave rectifier, the sine wave input is 200sin300t. The average value of
output voltage is?
a) 57.876V
b) 67.453V
c) 63.694V
d) 76.987V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Comparing with the standard equation, Vm=200V.
Average value is given by, Vavg=Vm/π.
So, 200/π=63.694.
6. Efficiency of a half wave rectifier is
a) 50%
b) 60%
c) 40.6%
d) 46%
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Efficiency of a rectifier is the effectiveness to convert AC to DC. For
half wave it’s 40.6%. It’s given by, Vout/Vin*100.
7. If peak voltage for a half wave rectifier circuit is 5V and diode cut in voltage is
0.7, then peak inverse voltage on diode will be?
a) 5V
b) 4.9V
c) 4.3V
d) 6.7V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: PIV is the maximum reverse bias voltage that can be appeared across
a diode in the given circuit, If the PIV rating is less than this value of breakdown of
diode will occur. For a rectifier, PIV=Vm-Vd=5-0.7=4.3V.
8. Transformer utilisation factor of a half wave rectifier is _________
a) 0.234
b) 0.279
c) 0.287
d) 0.453
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Transformer utilisation factor is the ratio of AC power delivered to
load to the DC power rating. This factor indicates effectiveness of transformer
usage by rectifier. For a half wave rectifier, it’s low and equal to 0.287.
9. If the input frequency of a half wave rectifier is 100Hz, then the ripple frequency
will be_________
a) 150Hz
b) 200Hz
c) 100Hz
d) 300Hz
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ripple frequency of the output and input is same. This is because,
one half cycle of input is passed and other half cycle is seized. So, effectively the
frequency is the same.
10. Ripple factor of a half wave rectifier is_________(Im is the peak current and
RL is load resistance)
a) 1.414
b) 1.21
c) 1.4
d) 0.48
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The ripple factor of a rectifier is the measure of disturbances
produced in the output. It’s the effectiveness of a power supply filter to reduce the
ripple voltage. The ratio of ripple voltage to DC output voltage is ripple factor
which is 1.21
. Efficiency of a centre tapped full wave rectifier is _________
a) 50%
b) 46%
c) 70%
d) 81.2%
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Efficiency of a rectifier is the effectiveness to convert AC to DC. It’s
obtained by taking ratio of DC power output to maximum AC power delivered to
load. It’s usually expressed in percentage. For centre tapped full wave rectifier, it’s
81.2%.
2. A full wave rectifier supplies a load of 1KΩ. The AC voltage applied to diodes
is 220V (rms). If diode resistance is neglected, what is the ripple voltage?
a) 0.562V
b) 0.785V
c) 0.954V
d) 0.344V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ripple voltage is (Vϒ)RMS=ϒVDC /100.
VDC=0.636*VRMS* √2=0.636*220* √2=198V and ripple factor ϒ for full wave
rectifier is 0.482.
Hence, (Vϒ)RMS=0.482*198 /100=0.954V.
3. A full wave rectifier delivers 50W to a load of 200Ω. If the ripple factor is 2%,
calculate the AC ripple across the load.
a) 2V
b) 5V
c) 4V
d) 1V
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: We know that, PDC=VDC2/RL. So, VDC=(PDC*RL)1/2=100001/2=100V.
Here, ϒ=0.02
ϒ=VAC/VDC=VAC/100.So, VAC=0.02*100=2V.
4. A full wave rectifier uses load resistor of 1500Ω. Assume the diodes have
Rf=10Ω, Rr=∞. The voltage applied to diode is 30V with a frequency of 50Hz.
Calculate the AC power input.
a) 368.98mW
b) 275.2mW
c) 145.76mW
d) 456.78mW
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The AC power input PIN=IRMS2(RF+Rr).
IRMS=Im/√2=Vm/(Rf+RL)√2=30/(1500+10)*1.414=13.5mA
So, PIN=(13.5*10-3)2*(1500+10)=275.2mW.
5. In a centre tapped full wave rectifier, RL=1KΩ and for diode Rf=10Ω. The
primary voltage is 800sinωt with transformer turns ratio=2. The ripple factor will
be _________

a) 54%
b) 48%
c) 26%
d) 81%
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The ripple factor ϒ= [(IRMS/IAVG)2 – 1]1/2.
IRMS =Im /√2=Vm/(Rf+RL)√2=200/1.01=198.
(Secondary line to line voltage is 800/2=400. Due to centre tap Vm=400/2=200)
IRMS=198/√2=140mA, IAVG=2*198/π=126mA. ϒ=[(140/126)2-1]1/2=0.48. So,
ϒ=48%.
6. If input frequency is 50Hz for a full wave rectifier, the ripple frequency of it
would be _________
a) 100Hz
b) 50Hz
c) 25Hz
d) 500Hz
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the output of the centre tapped rectifier, one of the half cycle is
repeated. The frequency will be twice as that of input frequency. So, it’s 100Hz.
7. Transformer utilization factor of a centre tapped full wave rectifier is_________
a) 0.623
b) 0.678
c) 0.693
d) 0.625
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Transformer utilisation factor is the ratio of AC power delivered to
load to the DC power rating. This factor indicates effectiveness of transformer
usage by rectifier. For a half wave rectifier, it’s low and equal to 0.693.
8. In the circuits given below, the correct full wave rectifier is _________

a)
b)

c)

d)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: When the input is applied, a full wave rectifier should have a current
flow. The flow should be in the same direction for both positive and negative half
cycles. Only the third circuit satisfies the above condition.
9. If the peak voltage on a centre tapped full wave rectifier circuit is 5V and diode
cut in voltage is 0.7. The peak inverse voltage on diode is_________
a) 4.3V
b) 9.3V
c) 5.7V
d) 10.7V
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: PIV is the maximum reverse bias voltage that can be appeared across
a diode in the given circuit, if PIV rating is less than this value of breakdown of
diode will occur. For a rectifier, PIV=2Vm-Vd = 10-0.7 = 9.3V.
10. In a centre tapped full wave rectifier, the input sine wave is 250sin100t. The
output ripple frequency will be _________
a) 50Hz
b) 100Hz
c) 25Hz
d) 200Hz
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The equation of sine wave is in the form Vmsinωt. So, by comparing
we get ω=100. Frequency, f =ω/2=50Hz. The output of centre tapped full wave
rectifier has double the frequency of inpu. Hence, fout = 100Hz.
his set of Electronic Devices and Circuits Multiple Choice Questions & Answers
(MCQs) focuses on “Bridge Rectifier”.
1. DC average current of a bridge full wave rectifier (where Im is the maximum
peak current of input).
a) 2Im
b) Im
c) Im/2
d) 1.414Im
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Average DC current of half wave rectifier is Im. Since output of half
wave rectifier contains only one half of the input. The average value is the half of
the area of one half cycle of sine wave with peak Im. This is equal to Im.
2. DC power output of bridge full wave rectifier is equal to (Im is the peak current
and RL is the load resistance).
a) 2 Im2RL
b) 4 Im2RL
c) Im2RL
d) Im2 RL/2
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: DC output power is the power output of the rectifier. We know
VDC for a bridge rectifier is 2Vm and IDC for a bridge rectifier is 2Im. We also know
VDC=IDC/RL. Hence output power is 4Im2RL.
3. Ripple factor of bridge full wave rectifier is?
a) 1.414
b) 1.212
c) 0.482
d) 1.321
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Ripple factor of a rectifier measures the ripples or AC content in the
output. It’s obtained by dividing AC rms output with DC output. For full wave
bridge rectifier it is 0.482.
4. If input frequency is 50Hz then ripple frequency of bridge full wave rectifier
will be equal to_________
a) 200Hz
b) 50Hz
c) 45Hz
d) 100Hz
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Since in the output of bridge rectifier one half cycle is repeated, the
frequency will be twice as that of input frequency. So, f=100Hz.
5. Transformer utilization factor of bridge full wave rectifier _________
a) 0.623
b) 0.812
c) 0.693
d) 0.825
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Transformer utilization factor is the ratio of AC power delivered to
load to the DC power rating. This factor indicates effectiveness of transformer
usage by rectifier. For bridge full wave rectifier it’s equal to 0.693.
6. If peak voltage on a bridge full wave rectifier circuit is 5V and diode cut in
voltage os 0.7, then the peak inverse voltage on diode will be_________
a) 4.3V
b) 9.3V
c) 8.6V
d) 3.6V
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: PIV is the maximum reverse bias voltage that can be appeared across
a diode in the circuit. If PIV rating of diode is less than this value breakdown of
diode may occur.. Therefore, PIV rating of diode should be greater than PIV in the
circuit, For bridge rectifier PIV is Vm-VD = 5-1.4=3.6.
7. Efficiency of bridge full wave rectifier is_________
a) 81.2%
b) 50%
c) 40.6%
d) 45.33%
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It’s obtained by taking ratio of DC power output to maximum AC
power delivered to load. Efficiency of a rectifier is the effectiveness of rectifier to
convert AC to DC. It’s usually expressed inn percentage. For bridge full wave
rectifier, it’s 81.2%.
8. In a bridge full wave rectifier, the input sine wave is 40sin100t. The average
output voltage is_________
a) 22.73V
b) 16.93V
c) 25.47V
d) 33.23V
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The equation of sine wave is in the form Emsinωt.
Therefore, Em=40. Hence output voltage is 2Em=80V.
9. Number of diodes used in a full wave bridge rectifier is_________
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The model of a bridge rectifier is same as Wein Bridge. It needs 4
resistors. Bridge rectifier needs 4 diodes while centre tap configuration requires
only one.
10. In a bridge full wave rectifier, the input sine wave is 250sin100t. The output
ripple frequency will be_________
a) 50Hz
b) 200Hz
c) 100Hz
d) 25Hz
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The equation of sine wave is in the form of Emsinωt. So, ω=100 and
frequency (f)=ω/2=50Hz. Since output of bridge rectifier have double the
frequency of input, f=100Hz