TEXAS CTE LESSON PLAN

www.txcte.org

Lesson Identification and TEKS Addressed

Career Cluster Health Science

Course Name Principles of Health Science

Lesson/Unit Title Cycle of Infection

TEKS Student 130.222.(c) Knowledge and Skills
Expectations (10) The student recognizes the rights and choices of the individual.
(B) The student is expected to identify wellness strategies for
the prevention of disease
(11) The student recognizes the importance of maintaining a safe
environment and eliminating hazardous situations.
(B) The student is expected to identify industry safety
standards such as standard precautions, fire prevention and
safety practices, and appropriate actions to emergency
situations
(C) The student is expected to relate safety practices in the
health science industry
Basic Direct Teach Lesson
(Includes Special Education Modifications/Accommodations and
one English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS) Strategy)

Upon completion of this lesson, the student will be able to:

Instructional Objectives
 Identify the cycle of the infectious process
 Investigate ways to protect themselves and patients from infection
 Research common human pathogens
Infection control is an increasingly important aspect of health care for both
Rationale
the client and the health care professional.
Duration of Lesson 3 – 6 hours
Word Wall/Key
Vocabulary
(ELPS c1a,c,f; c2b; c3a,b,d;
c4c; c5b) PDAS II(5)
 Art supplies.
Materials/Specialized
 Internet accessibility
Equipment Needed
 Library resources
 Rubrics
Anticipatory Set Sara plays goalie for the varsity soccer team at Central High. During last
Friday’s game Sara made several big saves, but her body took a beating
resulting in several small cuts and bruises. A couple of days later, Sara
* Special Education Modifications or Accommodations, if applicable
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 (May include pre- notices small red bumps that resemble pimples, boils or spider bite. She tried
assessment for prior using triple antibiotic ointment but the next day they were bigger and more
knowledge) painful. Sara decides she should show her mom who takes her to the urgent
care center where the doctor informs her that she has methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA. Both Sara and her mom have heard of the
infection and know that it is not to be taken lightly. What they cannot figure
out is how Sara, who is generally so healthy, contracted the organism. Sara
also worries if she has exposed all her friends and team mates.

How are diseases transmitted from person to person?

Direct Instruction * I. Infections and diseases are classified as one of the following:
A. Endogenous- means it originates within. Includes: metabolic
disorders, congenital abnormalities, tumors, and infections
caused by microorganisms within the body.
B. Exogenous- means it originates outside the body -
Includes: pathogenic organisms that invade the body,
radiation, chemical agents, trauma, electric shock and
temperature extremes.
C. Nosocomial- means the infection is one that is acquired
by an individual in a health care facility which is
transmitted by health care workers to the patient.
D. Opportunistic- means the infections are those that occur when
the body’s defenses are weak.
II. Infections are also classified as Aerobic or Anaerobic:
A. Aerobic- means the organism requires oxygen to live.
B. Anaerobic- means it lives and reproduces in the absences of
oxygen.
III. Infection cycle is well defined:
A. Infective agent: Common pathogens include bacteria,
viruses, funguses, rickettsiae, protozoa.
B. Reservoir
1. Place where causative agent can live.
2. Common reservoirs include human body,
animals, environment, and fomites or objects
contaminated with infectious material that
contains the pathogens.
C. Portal of exit
1. Way for causative agent to escape from the reservoir.
2. Pathogens can leave the body through urine, feces,
saliva, blood, tears, mucous discharge, sexual
secretions, and draining wounds.
D. Means of transmission
1. Pathogen must be transmitted to another reservoir
or host where it can live.

* Special Education Modifications or Accommodations, if applicable

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 2. Pathogen can be transmitted in different ways:
a. Direct Contact
i. Person-to-person spread by physical
contact.
ii. Contact with the body secretions
containing pathogen.
b. Indirect contact
i. Pathogen is transmitted from
contaminated substances (i.e. food, air,
soil, insects, feces, clothing,
instruments, and equipment).
ii. Touching contaminated equipment.
iii. Breathing in droplets carrying airborne
pathogens.
iv. Receiving the bite of an insect carrying
pathogen.
E. Portal of entry
1. Way to enter a new reservoir or host
2. Means of entry
a. Breaks in the skin or mucous membrane
b. Respiratory tract
c. Digestive tract
d. Genitourinary tract
e. Circulatory system
F. Susceptible host
1. Individual who can contract the disease
2. Humans may fight off causative agents and do not
contract disease if:
a. Defense mechanisms of body are intact.
b. Immune system functioning.
3. Human becomes susceptible host in some instances
a. Large numbers of the pathogen invade the
body.
b. Body defenses are weak.
IV. The cycle of infection can be broken at any link of the chain
A. The infectious agent can be neutralized or destroyed
by Treatment.
B. The reservoir host must maintain personal hygiene.
C. The portal of exit is closed using proper attire (gowns,
gloves, other clothing), control of body secretions, and
proper handwashing.
D. The route of transmission is minimized through proper
handwashing, disinfection and sterilization and proper
disposal of contaminated materials.
E. The portal of entry is blocked by asepsis, disinfection,
and sterilization procedures.

* Special Education Modifications or Accommodations, if applicable

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 F. Host susceptibility is broken when the health and wellness of
an individual is maintained.
V. Microorganisms and Disease
A. Microorganism: an organism that is too small to be seen by
the human eye.
1. Fungi: simple plants such as molds and yeasts,
some of which cause disease.
2. Protozoa: the only group of microorganisms classified
as an animal.
3. Virus: microorganisms that are so small they
cannot be seen with an ordinary light
microscope. They are not destroyed by
antibiotics.
4. Bacteria: microorganisms first seen under the
microscope by Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in 1693. The
classification is determined by the shape of the
bacteria and whether it grows with or without oxygen.
Only a few bacteria, such as staphylococcus and
streptococcus cause disease.
a. Aerobic bacteria: live and multiply in the
presence of oxygen.
b. Anaerobic bacteria: live and multiply without
oxygen
c. Cocci: round bacteria
i. Staphylococci: round bacteria in clusters
like grapes; cause boils, impetigo, and
osteomyelitis
ii. Streptococci: round bacteria arranged in
chains; cause rheumatic fever,
streptococcal pneumonia, and scarlet
fever.
iii. Diplococci: round bacteria arranged in
pairs; cause gonorrhea and meningitis.
d. Bacilla: rod shaped bacteria.
e. Spirilla: shaped like spirals.
5. Rickettsiae: smaller than bacteria, barely visible under
light microscope; cause typhus, Rocky Mountain
spotted fever.
B. Pathogen: a disease-causing microorganism.
VI. Asepsis is the absence of infection.
A. Medical asepsis: practices and techniques that are designed to
protect individuals from the spread of disease.
1. Antiseptic: substances that inhibit the growth of
bacteria. Some of these substances can be used on
the skin.

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 2. Disinfectant: substances or practices that cannot be
used on the skin. This includes chemicals and
boiling.
3. Sterile: absence of all microorganisms.
B. Surgical asepsis: the use of sterile technique to handle
equipment, maintain sterile fields, change dressings and
dispose of contaminated materials without introducing harmful
microorganisms.
VII. Epidemiology: tracing the occurrence of health-related events in
society.
A. Epidemiologist is a person who specializes in the study of
outbreaks of diseases within a population group.
1. Endemic: refers to the ongoing presence of a disease
within a population, group, or area. For example, the
common cold is always present within a population.
2. Epidemic: is a sudden and widespread outbreak of a
disease within a population, group or area. For
example, a sudden wide spread outbreak of measles
is an epidemic.
3. Pandemic: refers to an outbreak of a disease
occurring over a large geographic area, possibly
worldwide. For example, AIDS is pandemic.
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for all special education students must be
followed. Examples of accommodations may include, but are not limited to:
NONE
Guided Practice *
Research and investigate common human pathogens in small groups.
Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for all special education students must be
followed. Examples of accommodations may include, but are not limited to:
NONE
Independent Create mobiles of various microorganisms. (Each should have identifying
Practice/Laboratory information telling about the microbe, what disease(s) it causes,
Experience/Differentiat epidemiology, treatment, and treatment success rate).
ed Activities * Design a multimedia project that identifies a
microorganism and its passage through the chain of
infection.

Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for all special education students must be
followed. Examples of accommodations may include, but are not limited to:
NONE
Lesson Closure
Multi-media Project
Summative/End of
Lesson Assessment * Oral presentation of Infectious Disease Outbreak
* Special Education Modifications or Accommodations, if applicable
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 Individualized Education Plan (IEP) for all special education students must be
followed. Examples of accommodations may include, but are not limited to:
 For reinforcement, students will draw a poster showing the chain of
infection and identify strategies to break the chain.

References/Resources/
Teacher Preparation

Additional Required Components

English Language
Proficiency Standards
(ELPS) Strategies

College and Career

Readiness Connection1

Recommended Strategies

Reading Strategies

Quotes
Multimedia/Visual
Strategy
Presentation Slides +
One Additional
Technology Connection
Graphic
Organizers/Handout

Writing Strategies
Journal Entries + 1
Additional Writing
Strategy

Communication
90 Second Speech
Topics

Other Essential Lesson Components

1
Visit the Texas College and Career Readiness Standards at
http://www.thecb.state.tx.us/collegereadiness/CRS.pdf, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board
(THECB), 2009.
* Special Education Modifications or Accommodations, if applicable
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Enrichment Activity For enrichment, students will research an infectious outbreak (such as the
(e.g., homework Ebola virus) that may be a threat to world health and present that information
assignment) to the class.
Family/Community
Connection

CTSO connection(s) HOSA, SkillsUSA

Service Learning
Projects

Lesson Notes

* Special Education Modifications or Accommodations, if applicable

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