Feminism (Gender Sterotypes)
Feminism (Gender Sterotypes)
Feminism (Gender Sterotypes)
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ABSTRACT
One of the Examples for gender stereotyping believes that house hold chores are done by
females and male should be a financial backbone for the family.
In my article I have mainly concentrate on feminism, which are actually fighting against the
gender stereotypes and seeking a proper education and employment opportunities that are equal
to those for men’s.
If we look at the history the word “féminisme” in 1837 was coined by French philosopher and
utopian socialist, Charles Fourier.
So this feminism is not the new word for us and it has the history of 181 years.
In India, they have aimed at establishing, defining and defending equal economic, political, and
social rights and opportunities for Indian women.
1) Savitribai phule, advocate of women’s right and education who actually started first
school for girls in India (1848).
2) Tarabai shinde, who wrote India’s first feminist text (1882).
3) Pandita ramabhai, who raised her voice on patriarchy and caste system in Hinduism,
married outside her caste and converted to Christianity (1880s).
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FEMINISIM: IS THE TOOL TO ERADICATE GENDER STERIOTYPES IN INDIA
CONTENTS
Abstract
Contents
List of figures and table
Page No.
Chapter 1
Introduction 5
1.1 Major background for gender stereotypes 6
1.2 Research problems 7
1.3 Objectives of the study 7
1.4 Implication of the study 7
1.5 Limitation of the study 8
1.6 Research Hypothesis 8
Chapter 2
Review of Literature 9-11
Chapter 3
Research Methodology 12
3.1 Nature and scope of study 12
3.2 Methods triangulation 12
3.3 Data collection process 13
Chapter 4
Results and Discussions 14
4.1 Interpretation of qualitative data (sub questions, face to face interviews, 22
group discussion)
4.2 Own observations 23
4.3 Key findings 23
4.4 The secondary data 23-26
Chapter 5
Conclusion and Recommendation/Implication 27
Reference 28
Appendix 29
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LIST OF TABLES
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FEMINISIM: IS THE TOOL TO ERADICATE GENDER STERIOTYPES IN INDIA
LIST OF FIGURES
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FEMINISIM: IS THE TOOL TO ERADICATE GENDER STERIOTYPES IN INDIA
Chapter 1
Introduction
Feminism is all about the women supremacy. Considering equality in all perspective
aspects and eradicating gender stereotypes.
In others words feminism is all about the “Equality” and that is the step for removing the
gender stereotyping in the society.
Equality feminism is the form of liberal feminism, which was explained since 1980s.That
focuses on the common between the men and women, and the final goal is the equality in the all
areas, where women participate.
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1.1 Major background for gender stereotypes
Gender stereotyping can stop the growth of the natural talent development and abilities of
male and female, as well as their professional experiences, opportunities and education.
Stereotyping results in cause of deeply engrained attitude, norms, value and prejudices against
women’s. They are well versed in justifying the historic relations of power of men over women
and also the bad attitudes or the sexist attitudes that hold back the advancement of women.
The guilt of taking the responsibility for exploiting the difference between the male and female
so be shared by the equal people like education system, family background, friends, relatives .
The lives today portray men as masterful, powerful, paternalistic and uncommunicative and
women as emotionally responsive and communicative yet childlike, helpless and incompetent.
These distortions of the sexes are divisive and interfere with our being intimate and loving in our
close relationships.
This gender stereotype confuses the humans being thinking and about the difference between the
male and female
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Some truth about both men and women:
The study that evinces the research problem needs to be study in detail in India
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1.5 Limitations of the study
1) The survey was first done in one state and the survey is further going on in other states in
India.
2) It is just limited towards gender stereotypes and further it includes generations, education
and also sex ratio of India.
1) (H1) Indian sex ration should be with 1000 females per 1000 males.
3) (H2a) Everyone have a fair idea about both gender serotype and feminism.
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Chapter 2
Review of Literature
The author Alice walker has explained about Feminism is that, “The most common way
people give up their power is by thinking they don’t have any”. Thinking positively will able
to achieve anything of impossible to possible hence thinking in the positive is the power, as it
is like sword which all the women’s on this world holds and stand like a warrior who one
thinks positively by doing anything will make a aching victory. So, people should never think
they don’t have any of power to success thinking positively is the most common way to
success.
The author Margaret Thatcher has explained about Feminism is that, “If you want something
Said, Ask a Man; if you want something Done, Ask a Woman”. This is called the power of
the woman where it is easy to say something to a man which can be said but if something the
same said to the woman before the call of to do something that work would be done.
The author Eleanor Roosevelt has explained about Feminism is that,” A woman is like a tea
bag. You will never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water”. The sentence says
about the feminism a lot than me to explain it in deep. A woman can handle the thousand of
problem and yet she smiles in bright just to make and keep others happy but the man has no
such strength as their problem of handling way would be different but the way like the
woman handling of problem is more and bigger than compared to the that of man.
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4. Author Kate Nash
The author Kate Nash has explained about Feminism is that, the word ‘Feminism’ is not a
dirty word. It does not mean you hate men, it does not mean you hate girls that have nice legs
and a tan, and it does not mean you are a Bitch or a Dyke; it means that you believe in
Equality-.
The author Amy Poehler has explained about Feminism is that, “I just love Bossy Women. I
could be around them all day. To me, bossy is not a pejorative term at all. It means
somebody’s passionate and engaged and ambitious and doesn’t mind leading”. The word
BOSS is a big and huge word and definitely ‘yes’ this word suits to all women on this
society. As today’s society what we are seeing now was not same as before , as how
technologies are upgrading with that woman also have started to work in any field and they
have successfully overcome the myth of which there is a strong woman behind for all
successful man. Woman stood alone and turned out the myth to believing the man, that the
woman can become a boss even not by the support of any man.
The author Shashi Deshpande has explained about Feminism is that, men should change their
mindset towards women. As if they are more respectful towards them, as all knows things
will changes at the grass root level which is invisible but that change should be courage only
if the men give wingless freedom, of course all this will happen slowly, but everyone has to
more together.
The author Chanda Kochhar has explained about Feminism is that, I urge all women to
believe and have courage in themselves and in fact that they are so capable of running a
successful life and a victorious way in both professionally life and also if comes in family
life.
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8. Author Zintha Pande
The author Zintha Pande has explained about Feminism is that, it’s not my responsibility to
be beautiful; I’m not alive for that purpose. My existence will never come about how
desirable you find me. I born to lead my way to achieve my desires not up to the dreams
which already been achieved by someone, I exist to do different and go in the nowhere were I
should be a creator of that path and rest should be a follower of my way.
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Chapter 3
Research methodology
The study is made such a way that it was exploited to the public and it will check the particular
problem faced by the women in the society which was gender stereotypes in different
professionals sectors like college, banks, teachers, hospital, commercials organizations etc.
further the study also aims at finding out the generation which are highly motivated towards this
feminism and there involvement towards the following. The present study finds the knowledge
about the feminism and the gender stereotypes and the correlation between in order to eradicate
them form the society in India. This study not only involves the female but it also involves the
men in society and the perspective towards the gender stereotypes and clarifies that it is the
milestone in India, towards the feminist movement.
Triangulation method was involved in the study for the validity and reliability:
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3.3Data collection process:
Qualitative and quantitative approaches are used for the study to analysis the knowledge of
people towards the gender stereotypes and feminism. The methodology was a questionnaire-
based survey among the common public/society. In addition to it we also collected the data with
the help of face to face interviews to the random people and also involved the topic to gender
stereotypes. The questionnaire (Appendix-1) consist of 12 items as per the objectives need to be
studied. This question was more attracted towards the millennium and the new generations.
Data was collected using the forms regarding the gender stereotypes and the feminism and which
belongs to the primary data of the process and the secondary data was for the Indian sex ratio,
female education and feminism movement in India.
When it comes to face to face interview it was asked to the random people in the society
regarding the gender stereotypes and the feminism and in the group discussions we made the
group consist of 10 teams which 5 members each in the team and was interaction was happened
among them.
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Chapter 4
The questionnaire consist of 12 items which were given to the random people , to meet the some
objectives of the study, which acts as the primary data.
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Figure 4.1: Percentage distribution of Gender classification.
Gender
male (40.2%)
female(59.8%)
others(0%)
Age
15-25
25-35
35-45
45 & above
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Inference: According to the above chart the age categories was identified by the results 15-25
age participated 45.56%, 25-35 age participated 25.44%, 35-45 age participated 25.44% and 45
and above age participated 3.55%.
Occupation
business
student
teacher
employed
unemployed
retired
home maker
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Inference: According to the graph it shows the percentage of participation from the various
professions business 10.65%, student 37.87%, teacher 5.33%, employed 30.18%, unemployed
0.59%, retired 0.59%, home maker 13.61% and others 1.18%.
Educational qualification
below high
school
high school
pre university
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5. What is your Annual Income?
Income(annual)
below 100000
100000-
300000
300000-
500000
500000 and
above
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Figure 4.6: Percentage distribution of General idea of the word feminism.
yes
no
7. How did you come to know about feminism for the first time?
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Figure 4.7: Percentage distribution of First time to know about feminism.
print media
television
others
yes
no
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Source Primary data
Inference: according to above chart, people think feminism is the tool to eradicate gender
stereotypes ; yes 67.46% , No 27.22% and not answered 5.33%.
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10. Do you think feminism is the upcoming milestone in India?
yes no
Main fight is for the equality and this led to the people to discussion on the eradication of
gender stereotypes using feminism and also people think it is the milestone of India.
During face to face interviews the question was “have you ever involved in any rally or protest,
regarding or similar to the topic?” among the responses we got 58.3% yes that they have
involved in one or the other protest and they are keep on fighting against the gender stereotypes.
It also had the same context during the group discussion as the eradication of gender stereotypes.
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4.2 Own observations:
During the survey, face to face interviews and the group decision, some people didn’t
have the idea about the feminism and also gender stereotypes.
It main have the concern with the education sex ratio and also feminism and another important
was the acceptance of generation and also the how children are brought in the society by their
parents or the way of parenting style have huge impact on the gender stereotypes in India.
1) There is a improvement in sex ratio (2011 census) compared with 2001 census.(H1)
2) Much interest is shown be the millennium towards the survey.(H3)
3) Some people found feminism and gender stereotypes as a new words.
4) According to the survey there was a positive correlation and proved the hypothesis. (H2)
5) Parenting style.
6) Generation acceptance.
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Table 4.11: No. of women per 1000 men ratio classified into states (in Nos.)
SL NO STATE AND UNION TERRITORIES SEX RATIO (PER 1000 MALES)
- INDIA 943
1 KERALA 1084
2 PUDUCHERRY 1037
3 TAMIL NADHU 996
4 ANDHRA PRADESH 993
5 CHHATTISGARH 991
6 MEGHALAYA 989
7 MANIPUR 985
8 ORISSA 979
9 MIZORAM 976
10 GOA 973
11 KARNATAKA 973
12 HIMACHAL PRADESH 972
13 UTTARAKHAND 963
14 TRIPURA 960
15 ASSAM 958
16 WEST BENGAL 950
17 JHARKHAND 948
18 LAKSHADWEEP 946
19 ARUNACHAL PRADESH 938
20 NAGALAND 931
21 MADHYA PRADESH 931
22 MAHARASHTRA 929
23 RAJASTHAN 928
24 GUJARAT 919
25 BIHAR 918
26 UTTAR PRADESH 912
27 PUNJAB 895
28 SIKKIM 890
29 JAMMU AND KASHMIR 889
30 HARYANA 879
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31 ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS 876
32 DELHI 868
33 CHANDIGARH 818
34 DADRS AND NAGAR HAVELI 774
35 DAMAN AND DIU 618
2) Female Education:
The growth of nation and educating girls still continues to a biggest problem in most
developing countries. India has done a quite remarkable increase in literacy rates form
64.8% in 2001 to 74.04% in 2011, but female education in India requires many more
milestones to break.
The rate of women literacy, according to 2011 census, is 64.46% while the male literacy
rate is 82.14%
The states includes highest women literacy rate:
Kerala (92%), Mizoram (89.4%), Lakshadweep (88.2%), Tripura (83.1%) & Goa (82%)
The rate of women entrepreneurs in the nation:
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal.
The states includes lowest women literacy rate:
Rajasthan (52.66%), Bihar (53.33%), Jharkhand (56.21%), Jammu and Kashmir
(58.01%).
3) Feminism movement:
It is an ideology that demands equality in all area with respect to women; this
movement was influenced by the western culture or ideals. Equality is the main quote
which was raised by the women. The education and the equal rights which are the main
phrase which the feminist movement in India is growing like a bacon and this wants to
eradicate the adaptive like anti-feminist, dowry, violence against women, abortion
relating to sex and custodial rape.
Considering the history of Indian feminism they have divided into three phases:
the first phase, the mid-19th century, male European colonists speaking against the sati
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system, the second phase, 1915 to Indian independence, women’s movements into Quite
India movement, the final phase was after independence, where the equality are evolving
up slowly which is a major way to eradicating the gender stereotype, despite of it we are
seeing the sex abortion ,dowry and also the custodial rape which is happing day by day,
the graph is keep on increasing.
So, the feminist movement is the actually way to fight against these odds and
educate them.
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Chapter 5
Conclusion related to the research problem “is feminism is the tool to eradicate the gender
stereotypes”
As per the survey there are both yes and no but the majority of the people accepted that it
is the tool to eradicate gender stereotypes.
This will also led to the improvement of sex ratio, female education and also feminism
movement.
Indirectly it is the betterment for the equality.
A woman empowerment is the main concern towards thins study.
Generation acceptance is in process.
Most of the young people are attracted towards this study.
Parenting style must be improvised for the betterment of the children.
Society is getting upgrade for the changes and it is possible though the feminism to bring
equality.
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REFERENCES
1) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism
2) https://artsandculture.google.com/project/indias-women- in-culture
3) http://psychology for everyday life/pbs news hour extra
4) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savitribai_Phule
5) https://www.census2011.co.in
6) https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/education/news/remembering-savitribai-phule-an-
indian-educationist-on-her-birth-anniversary/articleshow/67351165.cms
7) https://ocHcr.html
8) https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/savitribai-phule-7-facts-about-indias-first-
feminist- icon/1432140/
9) https://borgenproject.org
10) https://feministindia.com
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APPENDIX 1
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name: _________________________________________
1. Gender
Female Others
2. Age
-25 -45
-35
3. Occupation
Business Retired
Student Home maker
Teacher Others
Employed
4. Educational Qualification
Below high school Pre University
High school Graduate and above
5. Annual Income
Below 100000 300000-500000
100000-300000 500000 and above
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6. Do you have Idea about the word “feminism”?
7. How did you come to know about feminism for the first time?
Website
Word of mouth
Print media
Television
Others
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FEMINISIM: IS THE TOOL TO ERADICATE GENDER STERIOTYPES IN INDIA