1/15/2018 ASTM D 1475-98 (2003).

Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks and Related Products_ 百度 文库

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Designation: D 1475 - 98 (Reapproved
D 1475-98(2003). Standard Test Method
2003) for Density of Liquid C 3 documentation

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A S T M D 1Density
4 7 5 - 9 8of( 2Liquid 0 0 3 ) Coatings,
. S t a n d a rInks, d T e and Related Products
stMethodforDensityofLiquidCoati
This standard is issued under the fi xeddesignation D 1475; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
ng s , I n k s a original
ndR e l aor,tinethedcase
adoption P ofr revision,
o d uthecyear
t sof last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
Dong Yaofei superscript
2010-12-13
| |
epsilon (e) indicates
5.0 (greater than 99 %anofeditorial change since2181
the document) the last revision
|

233
|
orIntroduction
reapproval.
|

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This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
A S T M D 1 4 7 5 - 9 8 ( 2 0 0 3 ) . S t a n d a r d T e s t M e t h o d f o r D e n s i t y o f L i q u i d C o a t i ng s , I n k s a n d R e l a t e d P r o d u c t s

1. Scope 3.1.1 density-the mass of a unit volume of a material

1.1 This test method covers the measurement of density of speci fi edtemperature. In this method, it is expressed as
paints, inks, varnishes, lacquers, and components thereof, other weight in grams per millilitre, or as the weight in pou
than pigments, when in fl uidform. avoirdupois of one U. S. gallon, of the liquid at the spec
1.2 For higher precision when working with nonpigmented temperature in the absence of other temperature speci fi c
25 ° Cis assumed.
materials
Test Method(drying oils,can
D 1963 varnishes,
be used resins and related
to determine specimaterials
fi cgravity 3.1.2 speci fi cgravity (relative density -the ratio of
and, thence, density. mass of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperatur
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be consideredas the the mass of the same volume of distilled water at the s
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information temperature.
only, 4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1 The accurately known absolute density of distilled w
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- at various at (Table 1) is used to calibrate
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- volume of a container. The weight of the paint liquid cont
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A speci fi cprecau- of the same container at the standard temperature (25 ° C)o
tion statement is given in 8.1.1.1. an agreed-upon temperature is then determined and densit
the contents calculated in terms of grams per millilitre
2. Referenced Documents pounds per gallon at the speci fi edtemperature.
2.1 ASTM Standards: 2 5. Signi fi canceand Use
D 1193 Speci fi cationfor Reagent Water
D 1963 Test Method for Speci fi cGravity of Drying Oils, 5.1 Density is weight per unit volume. It is a key proper
Varnishes, Resins and Related Materials at 25/25 ° C the identi fi cation,characterization, and quality control
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of wide range of materials. Density measurements in term
Liquids by Digital Density Meter weight per gallon are commonly used to check paint qualit
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM the density is not within speci fi cation,there is a good ch
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe- that there was a mischarge or other serious problem.
cialty Chemicals 5.2 This test method is suitable for the determinatio
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to density of paint and related products and components whe
Determine the Precision of a Test Method liquid form. It is particularly applicable when the fl uidhas

3. Terminology high a viscosity

density or when a component is too volatile f
balance determination.
3.1 De fi nitions: 5.3 This test method provides for the maximum accu
required for hiding power determinations. It is equally suit
for work in which less accuracy is required, by ignoring
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint directions for recalibration and consideration of tempera
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of differentials, and using as the container a "Weight-per-ga
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originally cup
5.4 Automatic equipment for measuring density is avail
approved
2 in 1957. Last
For referenced ASTMprevious edition
standards, approved
visit in 1998
the ASTM as D www.astm.org,
website, 1475 - 98. or (see Test Method D 4052) from several manufacturers. S
contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard's Document Summary page on
apparatus has been used for resins and latices as well as for
the ASTM website. and solvents. Before such as equipment is used for a g
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1/15/2018 ASTM D 1475-98 (2003). Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks and Related Products_ 百度 文库

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Thu Aug 31 22:21:04 EDT 2006
Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Peter L Ferguson (Fast Track Site Services);

TABLE 1 Absolute Density of Water, g / mL

°C Density 0.001 % of
container willthechange
weighttheofweight
the container.
and must Fingerprints on th
be avoided. Reco
15 0.999127 the weight, M, in grams.
16 0.998971 8.1.1.1 Warning-Chromic acid cleaning solution is corr
17 0.998772 sive to skin, eyes and mucous membranes and can cause seve
18 0.998623
19 0.998433 burns. Avoid contact with eyes, skin or clothing. In makin
20 0.998231 dilute solution, always add acid to water with care. Chrom
twenty one 0.998020 acid cleaning solution is a strong oxidizer. Avoid contact wi
twenty two 0.997798
twenty three 0.997566 organic or reducing substances as a fi re could results. S
twenty four 0.997324 supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet for further informatio
25 0.997072
Other cleaners are much safer and may be equally effective
26 0.996811
27 0.996540 8.1.2 Fill the container with reagent water conforming
28 0.996260 Type II of Speci fi cationD 1193 at a temperature somewh
29 0.995972
30 0.995684
below that speci fi ed.Cap the container, leaving the over fl
ori fi ceopen. Immediately remove excess over fl owedwater
water held in depressions by wiping dry with absorbe
material. Avoid occluding air bubbles in the container.
product,
with results
paints, inks,must
and be checked
resins, therevery
are carefully. Particularly
possibilities of gum- 8.1.3 Bring the container and contents to the speci f
ming, fouling, and other interferences with operation. temperature using the constant-temperature bath or room
necessary This will cause further slight fl owof water from th
6. Interferences over fl owori fi cedue to the expansion of the water with the ri
6.1 Highly viscous materials may entrap air and give of the temperature.
erroneous low density values. 8.1.4 Remove the excess over fl owby wiping carefully wi
6.2 Paint or ink liquids may be trapped in the ground glass absorbent material, avoiding wicking of water out of ori fi
or metal joints of the pieces of apparatus and give erroneous, and immediately cap the over fl owtube where such as has bee
high density values. provided. Dry the outside of the container, if necessary, b
wiping with absorbent material. Do not remove over fl owth
7. Apparatus occurs next to the fi rst wiping after attainment of th
7.1 Cup or Pycnometer-Any metal weight-per-gallon cup desired temperature (Note 3). Immediately weigh the fi l
or glass pycnometer may be used, provided that it may be fi lled container to the nearest 0.001 % of its weight (Note 4). Reco
readily with a viscous liquid, adjusted to exact volume, covered this weight, N, in grams.
to exclude loss of volatile matter, and readily cleaned. NOTE 3-Handling the container with bare hands will increase t
temperature and cause more over fl owfrom the over fl owori fi ce,and w
OTE
N pycnometer
glass 1-For materials that contain
of the weld solvents
type, with that stopper
a narrow evaporate
andrapidly,
a covera also leave fi ngerprints;hence, handling only with tongs and with han
protected by clean, dry, absorbent material is recommended.
should be used.
NOTE 4-Immediate and rapid weighing of the fi lled container
7.2 Thermometers, graduated in 0.1 ° C,such as are supplied recommended here to minimize loss of weight due to evaporation of t
with glass pycnometers. water through ori fi ces,and from over fl ownext to the fi rstwipi
7.3 Constant-Temperature Bath, held at 25 6 0.1 ° Cis after attainment of temperature where this over fl owis not retained by
desirable. cap.
7.4 Laboratory Analytical Balance. 8.1.5 Calculate the container volume as follows:

NOTE 2-The usual weight-per-gallon cup and similar specialized V 5 ~N 2 M !/r (

pycnometers may have fi lledweights that exceed the capacity of the usual
laboratory analytical balance. In such ascases, use of a hanging pan, where:
triple-beam balance, with scales graduated to 0.01 g has been found to V = volume of container, mL,
provide results the mean of which was consistent with the overall N = weight of container and water, g (8.1.4),
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1/15/2018 ASTM D 1475-98 (2003). Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks and Related Products_ 百度 文库
provide results the mean of which was consistent with the overall g ,g( ),
precision and accuracy of the method. M = weight of dry container, g (8.1.1), and
r = absolute density of water at speci fi edtemperature
7.5 Desiccator and Desiccated Balance, or a room of
g / mL(see Table 1).
reasonably constant temperature and humidity are desirable.
8.1.6 Obtain the mean of at least three determinations.
8. Calibration of Cup or Pycnometer 9. Procedure
8.1 Determine the volume of the container at the speci fi ed
temperature by employing the following steps: 9.1 Repeat the steps in Section 8, substituting the sample f
8.1.1 Clean and dry the container and bring it to constant the reagent water and a suitable nonresidual solvent for th
weight. Chromic acid (see 8.1.1.1) or other effective glass acetone or alcohol (see Note 5). Record the weight of the fi l
cleaner and nonresidual solvents may be used with glass container, W, and the weight of the empty container, w,
containers and solvents with metal containers. For maximum grams.
accuracy, continue rinsing, drying, and weighing until the NOTE 5-Trapping of paint or ink liquids in ground glass or metal join
difference between two successive weighings does not exceed is likely to result in high values of density that appear to increase with t

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viscosity and density of the material such as

errors should be minimized by coefficient of variation was 0.61 % relative with 20 df. B
fi rmseating of the joints. on these coefficients, the following criteria should be used
NOTE 6-Trapping of air bubbles results in low values for density. The judging the acceptability of results at the 95 % con fi
tendency to trap air increases with increasing viscosity. Specimens should
not be tested if they contain bubbles or foam. Slow stirring, standing, or
level:
the application of a vacuum may remove bubbles. If these do not work, a 11.1.1 Repeatability-Two results, each the mean of du
dilution may be necessary (see Appendix X1). cate determinations, obtained by the same operator on diffe
9.2 Calculate the density in grams per millilitre as follows: days should be considered suspect if they differ by more
Dm 5 ~W 2 w!/V (2) 0.6 % relative
11.1.2 Reproducibility-Two results, each the mean of
where: plicate determinations, obtained by operators in different l
Dm = density, g / mL. ratories should be considered suspect if they differ by m
9.3 Calculate the density in pounds per gallon as follows: than 1.8 % relative
D 5 ~W 2 w!K/V (3)
11.2 Inks-A separate interlaboratory study of this
method was carried out for inks. In this study, one operato
where: each of seven laboratories made three determinations on
D
K =
= density, lb / gal,
8.3454 (Note 7), and different paste ink samples. Paste inks were chosen bec
their viscosities are high and they would be expected to pro
V = volume of container, mL (see 8.1.6). a difficult test for the method. The inks represented a den
NOTE 7-The factor K, 8.3454, is calculated from volume-weight range of 8.4 to 8.9 lb / galand exhibited viscosities ranging f
relationship as follows: a very soft news black to a relatively heavy sheet-fed offset
8.345404 = [(2.54)3A 3 (231.00)B] / (453.59237)
C The results were analyzed statistically in accordance
A 3
(2.54) is the conversion factor for millilitres to cubic inches.
Practice E 691. The within-laboratory standard deviation
B
231.00 is the conversion factor for cubic inches to gallons. 0.030 lb / galand the pooled laboratory standard deviation
C
453.59237 is the conversion factor for grams to pounds.
0.045
should lb
be/ gal.Based on these
used for judging the values, the following
acceptability of resultscri
at
10. Report
95 % con fi dencelevel:
10.1 In reporting the density, state the test temperature to the 11.2.1 Repeatability-Two results obtained by the s
nearest 0.1 ° C,the units, and the value calculated to three places operator should be considered suspect if they differ by m
(for example, D = x.xxx lb / galat 25 ° C);state the mean, the than 0.084 lb / gal(1 %).
range, and the number of replicate determinations.
11.2.2 Reproducibility-Two results obtained by opera
11. Precision and Bias in different laboratories should be considered suspect if
11.1 Paints-The precision estimates are based on an inter- differ
11.3by Bias
more Paint
than 0.125
and lb / gal(1.5 %).there is no acce
Inks)-Since
laboratory study in which one operator in each of six different
reference material bias can notbe determined
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1/15/2018 ASTM D 1475-98 (2003). Standard Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks and Related Products_ 百度 文库
laboratories analyzed in duplicate on two different days fi ve reference material, bias can notbe determined.
samples of paint ranging in density from 8.5 to 12.5 lb / gal.The
results were analyzed statistically in accordance with Practice 12. Keywords
E 180. The within-laboratory coefficient of variation was found 12.1 density pycnometer weight per gallon weight
to be 0.20 % relative with 25 df and the between-laboratory gallon cup

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information

X1. DILUTING OF A MATERIAL TO IMPROVE AIR RELEASE

X1.1 To reduce viscosity and improve air release, a known where:

weight of a material that traps air may be diluted with a known Do = density of original material,
weight of a solvent or another diluent of known density. After Dd1 = density diluted measured in test,
careful blending to achieve homogeneity and release air, the Dd2 = density diluent,
density of the diluted material is measured by the technique Wo = original weight, and
described in this test method. The following equation may be Wd = diluent weight.
used to calculate the density of the original material:
Wo
Do 5 W (X1.1)
o 1 Wd Wd
Dd1 2 D d2

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