Single Phase Transformers
Wake-Up Questions
(To be practiced for VIVA in LAB)
1) A transformer transforms
(a) frequency 7) The primary and secondary induced
(b) voltage e.m.fs. E1 and E2 in a two-winding
(c) current transformer are always
(d) voltage and current. (a) equal in magnitude
(b) antiphase with each other
2) Which of the following is not a basic (c) in-phase with each other
element of a transformer ? (d) determined by load on transformer
(a) core secondary.
(b) primary winding
(c) secondary winding 8) A step-up transformer increases
(d) mutual flux. (a) voltage
(b) current
3) In an ideal transformer, (c) power
(a) windings have no resistance (d) frequency.
(b) core has no losses
(c) core has infinite permeability 9) The primary and secondary windings of
(d) all of the above. an ordinary 2-winding transformer
always have
4) The main purpose of using core in a (a) different number of turns
transformer is to (b) same size of copper wire
(a) decrease iron losses (c) a common magnetic circuit
(b) prevent eddy current loss (d) separate magnetic circuits.
(c) eliminate magnetic hysteresis
(d) decrease reluctance of the common 10) In a transformer, the leakage flux of
magnetic circuit. each winding is proportional to the
current in that winding because
5) Transformer cores are laminated in (a) Ohm’s law applies to magnetic circuits
order to (b) leakage paths do not saturate
(a) simplify its construction (c) the two windings are electrically isolated
(b) minimise eddy current loss (d) mutual flux is confined to the core.
(c) reduce cost
(d) reduce hysteresis loss. 11) In a two-winding transformer, the
e.m.f. per turn in secondary winding is
6) A transformer having 1000 primary always.......the induced e.m.f. per turn in
turns is connected to a 250-V a.c. supply. primary.
For a secondary voltage of 400 V, the (a) equal to K times
number of secondary turns should be (b) equal to 1/K times
(a) 1600 (c) equal to
(b) 250 (d) greater than.
(c) 400
(d) 1250
1
12) In performing the short circuit test of a (b) core loss
transformer (c) total loss
(a) high voltage side is usually short (d) insulation resistance.
circuited
(b) low voltage side is usually short 18) During short-circuit test, the iron loss of
circuited a transformer is negligible because
(c) any side is short circuited with (a) the entire input is just sufficient to meet
preference Cu losses only
(d) none of the above. (b) flux produced is a small fraction of the
normal flux
13) The equivalent resistance of the (c) iron core becomes fully saturated
primary of a transformer having K = 5 (d) supply frequency is held constant.
and R1 = 0.1 ohm when referred to
secondary becomes.......ohm. 19) The iron loss of a transformer at 400 Hz
(a) 0.5 is 10 W. Assuming that eddy current
(b) 0.02 and hysteresis losses vary as the square
(c) 0.004 of flux density, the iron loss of the
(d) 2.5 transformer at rated voltage but at 50
Hz would be....... watt.
14) A transformer has negative voltage (a) 80
regulation when its load power factor is (b) 640
(a) zero (c) 1.25
(b) unity (d) 100
(c) leading
(d) lagging. 20) In operating a 400 Hz transformer at 50
Hz
15) The primary reason why open-circuit (a) only voltage is reduced in the same
test is performed on the low-voltage proportion as the frequency
winding of the transformer is that it (b) only kVA rating is reduced in the same
(a) draws sufficiently large on-load current proportion as the frequency
for convenient reading (c) both voltage and kVA rating are reduced
(b) requires least voltage to perform the test in the same proportion as the frequency
(c) needs minimum power input (d) none of the above.
(d) involves less core loss.
21) The voltage applied to the h.v. side of a
16) No-load test on a transformer is carried transformer during short-circuit test is
out to determine 2% of its rated voltage. The core loss
(a) copper loss will be.......percent of the rated core loss.
(b) magnetising current (a) 4
(c) magnetising current and no-load loss (b) 0.4
(d) efficiency of the transformer. (c) 0.25
(d) 0.04
17) The main purpose of performing open-
circuit test on a transformer is to 22) Transformers are rated in kVA instead
measure its of kW because
(a) Cu loss (a) load power factor is often not known
2
(b) kVA is fixed whereas kW depends on 28) The output current corresponding to
load p.f. maximum efficiency for a transformer
(c) total transformer loss depends on having core loss of 100 W and
voltampere equivalent resistance referred to
(d) all of the above secondary of 0.25 Ω is ....... ampere.
(a) 20
23) When a 400-Hz transformer is operated (b) 25
at 50 Hz its kVA rating is (c) 5
(a) reduced to 1/8 (d) 400
(b) increased 8 times
(c) unaffected 29) The maximum efficiency of a 100-kVA
(d) increased 64 times. transformer having iron loss of 900 kW
and F.L. Cu loss of 1600 W occurs at .......
24) At relatively light loads, transformer kVA.
efficiency is low because (a) 56.3
(a) secondary output is low (b) 133.3
(b) transformer losses are high (c) 75
(c) fixed loss is high in proportion to the (d) 177.7
output
(d) Cu loss is small. 30) Which type of loss is measured in the short
circuit test of 1Φ transformer?
25) A 200 kVA transformer has an iron loss a) Iron Loss
of 1 kW and full-load Cu loss of 2kW. Its b) Copper Loss
load kVA corresponding to maximum c) Bearing Friction Loss
efficiency is ....... kVA. d) None of these
(a) 100
(b) 141.4 31) Transformer Oil is used in transformer for:
(c) 50 a) Cooling
(d) 200 b) Lubrication
c) Insulation
26) If Cu loss of a transformer at 7/8th full d) Insulation and Cooling both
load is 4900 W, then its full-load Cu loss
would be .......watt. 32) Why transformer core are made up of
(a) 5600 laminated sheet?
(b) 6400 a) reduce copper loss
(c) 375 b) reduce core loss
(d) 429 c) reduce the frequency
d) none of these
27) The ordinary efficiency of a given
transformer is maximum when 33) A shell type transformer has
(a) it runs at half full-load a) high eddy current loss
(b) it runs at full-load b) reduced magnetic leakage
(c) its Cu loss equals iron loss c) negligible hysteresis loss
(d) it runs slightly overload d) none of these
3
34) The flux in transformer core and copper loss (Pc) in kW, under full load
a) increases with load operation are:
b) decreases with load a) Pc = 4.12, Pi = 8.51
c) remains constant irrespective of the load b) Pc = 6.59, Pi = 9.21
d) none of these c) Pc = 8.51, Pi = 4.12
35) The core flux in transformer depends mainly d) Pc = 12.72, Pi = 3.07
on
a) supply voltage 39) A single phase transformer has no-load loss of 64
b) supply voltage and frequency. W, as obtained from an open-circuit test. When a
c) voltage, frequency and load short circuit test is performed on it with 90% of
d) voltage, load but not frequency. the rated currents flowing in its both LV and HV
windings, the measured loss is 80W. The
transformer has maximum efficiency when
36) Open circuit test in a transformer is
operated at
performed with
a) 50.0% of the rated current
a) rated transformer voltage
b) 64.0% of the rated current
b) rated transformer current
c) 80.0% of the rated current
c) direct current
d) 88.8% of the rated current
d) high frequency current
40) A transformer, designed for a supply frequency
37) A single phase transformer has a turns ratio of
of 50Hz, is supplied with 60Hz system of the
1:2, and is connected to a purely resistive load as
same voltage. Therefore,
shown in figure. The magnetizing current drawn
a) The eddy current and hysteresis losses will
by is 1A, and the secondary current is 1A. If core
increase
losses and leakage reactance’s are neglected, the
b) Eddy current loss will decrease and hysteresis
primary current is:
loss will increase
a) 1.41A
c) Eddy current loss will not change but
b) 2A
hysteresis loss will decrease
c) 2.24A
d) Eddy current loss will be same but hysteresis
d) 3A
1A
loss will increase
1 :2
41) As the load on a transformer is increased , the
AC core losses
a) decrease slightly
b) increase slightly
c) remain constant
38) A 300 kVA transformer has 96% efficiency at d) may decrease or increase slightly depending
full load 0.8 pf lagging and 96% efficiency at upon the nature of load
half load, unity power factor. The iron loss (Pi)
