International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume: 3 | Issue: 4 | May-Jun 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470

Arduino Based Smart Home Automation System

Ma Naing1, Ni Ni San Hlaing2
1Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University, Magway, Myanmar
2Lecturer, Department of Electronic Engineering, Technological University, Kyaukse, Myanmar

How to cite this paper: Ma Naing | Ni Ni ABSTRACT

San Hlaing "Arduino Based Smart Home This paper presents the design and prototype implementation of the automation
Automation System" Published in system that can be used two Arduino Nano with sensors. To demonstrate the
International Journal of Trend in effectiveness of this system, the devices such as LDR, temperature sensor, smoke
Scientific Research and Development sensor and motion sensor have been integrated with the automation system. In
(ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456- addition, the GSM and RFID modules are also used for security system. The
6470, Volume-3 | functions of the sensors are to monitor and control the light, the room
Issue-4, June 2019, temperature and alarms. The main goal of the security system is GSM which is
pp.276-280, URL: used to send the SMS alerts to the owner. Two Arduino Nano control sensors and
https://www.ijtsrd.c relays that monitor a defined location and take action based on specified
om/papers/ijtsrd23 parameters like ambient light, temperature, etc. The microcontroller will send
719.pdf IJTSRD23719 SMS to the owner if the sensors detect an abnormality. In addition, door lock
security is developed by RFID module. In this paper, the presents of GSM module
Copyright © 2019 by author(s) and security system make more secure and reliable.
International Journal of Trend in
Scientific Research and Development KEYWORDS: Arduino NANO, Sensors, RFID, GSM, C Programming
Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under I. INTRODUCTION
the terms of the A home automation system focuses on automation controlling home electronic
Creative Commons devices whether user is inside or outside of the home. Home automation gives an
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) individual the ability to automatically control things around the home. A home
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ appliance is a device or instrument designed to perform a specific function,
by/4.0) especially an electrical device, such as a refrigerator, for household use.

Home automation includes mainly centralized control of design, a motion detector is integrated using Passive
lighting, temperature, appliances, and other systems, to Infrared Sensor (PIR) to detect movement.
provide improved comfort, convenience,efficiency and PIR
Sensor
GSM
Mobile
Phone
security. For disabled and elderly person, home automation
can be the substitute of institutional care. With the energy Relay Bulb
Smoke
saving concept, home automation or building automation Sensor Arduino Nano
makes life very simple nowadays. It involves automatic
controlling of all electrical or electronic devices in homes or Buzzer

even remotely control through wireless communication. LDR 20× 4 LCD

Solar
Centralized control of lighting equipment, air conditioning
and heating, audio/video systems, security systems, kitchen
appliances and all other equipment used in home systems AC to DC
Inverter Battery
Power Card
are possible with this system.This paper presents the design
and implementation of a robust, low cost and user friendly
home automation system using Arduino NANO. The design
ofproposed method is based on Arduino board, GSM, RFID LM35 Relay Fan
module and sensors.

II. System Block Diagram RFID Arduino Nano 16× 2 LCD

The block diagram of smart home automation system is
shown in fig.1 below. All components are connected by two
Arduino NANO. This system can run with AC and DC as the D button Servo Motor
whole system use hybrid power supply. The two Arduino
NANO are used to obtain values of physical conditions Fig.1: System Block Diagram of the Smart Home
through sensors connected to it. The temperature sensor Automation System based on Arduion
read temperature values and the smoke sensor detects the
smoke to send SMS alarm and to ring the buzzer. The III. Software Implementation
automatic switching on and off of the light is controlled by A. Implementation using ArduinoNANO
the Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which determines the In this paper, the programming software is proposed for the
day light intensity. Also to incorporate security in this method, that has ability to not only automatically control the
appliances but it also monitors the sensors. The control

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23719 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 276
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
system has the ability to perform the full responsibilities. Digital pin of Arduino is used to send the signal to the relays.
The programming software of the system is Arduino C The light condition is show in the 20×4 LCD. If the light level
programming software. A program is text that user write is decreased, LCD show “Turn On.” at row 3 and column 11.
using a programming language that containsbehaviours that Else, LCD show “Turn Off”. PIR sensor is used for burglar
need a processor to acquire. It basically creates a way of alarm system and it works at night. PIR function is written as
handling inputs and producing outputs according to these Mo() in the night condition command. If PIR sensor detects a
behaviours. It is often defined as a general purpose motion, GSM module send alarm SMS to the setting phone
programming language and is indeed one of the most used number. For fire alarm function, LCD show “Smoke Detected”
languages of all times.20×4 I2C LCD and 16×4 I2C LCD are in row 1 and column 0. If Smoke sensor detects the smoke,
used to show the condition of door, light, the value of the signal is sent to the analog pin of Arduino. LCD show
temperature and fire condition. 20×4 LCD has 20 columns “Fire Alarm” in columns 0 and rows 2.
and 4 rows and 16×2 LCD has 16 columns and 2 rows. Both
LCD have I2C serial pin to connect with Arduino. LCD device
is connected with I2C device to reduce pin connection of
LCD. I2C device has SDA and SCL pin for serial
communication. The other pins are power supply pin and
ground pin. The I2C protocol involves using two lines to send
and receive data a serial clock pin (SCL) that the Arduino
board pulses at a regular interval, and a serial data pin (SDA)
over which data is sent between the two devices. In the
sketch, LCD_I2C lcd(5,0) is written and “Mingalarpar” is
printed in here. “Welcome to Group II” is printed in columns
0 and row 1. In columns 2 and rows 2, “Home Automation” is
printed.

Fig.4: Sketch for Smoke Sensor

Fig.2: Sketch for LCD

Fig.5: Sketch for 16×2 LCD
“Light” is printed in row 3 and column 0 to show light
condition. If the LDR detects the decreasing of light level, “TEMP” is printed in row 0 and column 0 to show
Arduino microcontroller turns on 12V LED. The output of temperature. “Door” is printed in rows 1 and columns 0. To
LDR is connected to the analog pin of Arduino Nano. show the value of temperature in the LCD,
‘LCD.setCursor(10,0)” can be commanded in the sketch. So
LCD is show temperature value in row 10 and column 0. If
the room temperature is up to 30 Degree Celsius, Arduino
turn on the fan and show the temperature value on the LCD.
Else, Arduino turn off the fun.

Fig.3: Sketch for LDR

To automatically switch LED bulb, relay is used. Arduino

send the signal to the input of relay and turn on the relay.
Fig.6. Sketch for Temperature Sensor

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23719 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 277
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
B. Implementation by Hardware
AC
Solar pannel
+
- +

- + + + AC to DC
+
Battery Inverter power card
- - - - GND 5V

Buzzer

Tx Vin
Rx GND
Fig.7: Inserting UID Number of the Tag to the Sketch PIR RST
GND
RST
5V
D2 A7 +
D3 A6
D4 Arduino A5 SCL LCD -
D5 A4 SDA 2004
In these figure, receiving code is matched by Arduino with + GSM Tx D6 NANO A3
D7 A2
D8 A1
SIM Rx
store code. If the code is same, Arduino will send signal to - 900A
D9
D10
D11
A0
REF
3V3
Smoke
Sensor LDR
the servo motor and then open the door. And LCD shows the D12 D13

+ 2 Channel
door condition. If tag’s ID matches with the ID in the code,
- Relay Nc
the door will open automatically. It closes manually with CMD

switch using internal pull-up function. There are 20K pull-up Bulb
+
-
resistors built into the Atmega chip that can be accessed D
batton
from software. These built-in pull-up resistors are accessed
by setting the pinMode() as INPUT_PULLUP. This effectively Servo Tx
Rx
Vin
GND
inverts the behavior of the INPUT mode, where HIGH means RST
GND
D2
RST
5V
A7
CMD + - D3 +
the servo is off, and LOW means the servo is on. 2 Channel D5
A6
D4 Arduino A5
A4 SCL LCD
Nc Relay D6 NANO A3 SDA 2004 -
D7 A2
D8 A1
D9 A0
+ D10 REF LM 35
Fan D11 3V3
- D12 D13
SDA
SCK
RFID MOSI
MISO
RC_522 GND
RST
3.3V

Fig.10: Overall Circuit Diagram of the system

Smart home automation system is designed with Arduino

Nano, sensors, sensor modules/shield, fan, bulb, alarm
system, door lock system. If the temperature sensor feels an
increase in room temperature, Arduino microcontroller
takes a necessary action like automatically turn the fun on
Fig.8: Sketch for Door Switch which work as air condition. If the flame sensor detects fire,
Arduino takes action like turn alarm system and sending
SIM900A GSM Module SMS to owner. If the LDR sensor feels a decrease the level of
For the security system, the GSM sends text message based light in the room, Arduino takes action like turn the bulb. PIR
on the sensors (PIR and Smoke sensors) used in this system. sensor is used for burglar alarm system. For security door
If the PIR sensor gets any unusual movements, the user will lock system, RFID system and servo motor is used. The
get a text message. This means that there is someone near movement of the curtains will depend on the requirement of
the house in absence of the user. The GSM also plays an light which is measured with Light Dependent Resistor
important role in fire alarming system with the help of (LDR).PIR Sensor (HC – SR501) is used for motion detection.
smoke sensor. When smoke is detected, the system sends Through GSM module, microcontroller will send SMS text
text message through GSM. message to the owner. This will ensure safety inside the
house with the help of PIR sensor.

IV. Results
After connecting and programming all the components, all
the components will be run by the whole system. All
modules and microcontroller are kept together with a lot of
wires. This part is the main center of the home automation
system. The sensors are placed at a suitable side of the room
as shown in Figure 11. Fan is turned ON or OFF using
temperature sensor .When temperature increases, the
current will flow and the relay switch turn ON the fan
automatically.
Fig.9: Program for Send Message Function

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23719 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 278
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470

Fig.11: Components Installation

(a)
Light is turned ON or OFF, using LDR sensor (Figure 12).
When the LDR senses the darkness, the Arduino commands
the relay switch and which turn on the bulb. With the help of
PIR sensor, the presence of a person is detected and the
buzzer rings automatically. Then, the GSM module sends SMS
alerts to the owner.LCD shows door condition, light
condition, temperature value and fire condition. At the
normal condition, the 20×4 LCD shows “Mingalarpar” for the
first row, “Welcome to Group II” for the second row, “Home
Automation” for the third row and “Light Turn Off” for the
fourth row. The 16×2 LCD display shows “Temp 30.00” for
the first row and “Door Lock” for the second row. The two
LCD displays are shown in figure 13. Servo motor is installed
on the home frame with the door to open or close the door
shown in figure 15.For SMS alarm system, GSM SIM 900A is
used to send SMS message to the owner shown in figure 16. (b)
Fig.13: Testing of (a) 20×4 LCD, (b) 16×2 LCD

(a)
(a)

(b) (b)
Fig12: (a) Light (LED) OFF, (b) Light (LED) ON Fig.14: (a) Door Closed Condition, (b) Door Opened
Condition

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23719 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 279
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
V. Discussion
This paper is discussed about the development of
automation system by ArduinoThe automation system is low
cost and user friendly. In future, some devices are more
reliable, faster and cheaper. The components can be changed
with the latest device but it should have the right software
and the right driver. All tasks of this system are done
successfully. The limitations in time and expenses but it will
serve as basis of latest AI systems as that of western
countries. Almost all scientific and latest technologies have
both good and bad sides. This type of work inspires the user
s to do better for our country. Smart Technology is a blessing
for our country. The bad consequences are avoided and it is
used for the betterment. This paper is emphasized
theoretical aspects of design and construction automation
Fig.15: Testing of RFID System system.

VI. Conclusion
In this paper a design and implementation concept for a
smart home automation system based on Arduino
microcontroller board. Sensors are connected to the
microcontroller board. The home appliances can be
monitored, controlled and accessed automatically in
response to any signals came from related sensors. The
system relies on power supply. If power supply fails, the
connection will be halted and SMS alarm functions will be
stopped. The security system is powered by another power
source for security safety. Without security system, it doesn’t
complete the whole system. The porposed system is shown
to be a simple, cost effective and flexible.

VII. REFERENCES
[1] Shatha J. Alghamdi, Lamiaa A. Elrefaei, "Dynamic User
Verification Using Touch Keystroke Based on Medians
Vector Proximity", Computational Intelligence
Communication, (2015).
[2] TziporaHalevi, Haoyu Li, Di Ma, NiteshSaxena, Jonathan
Voris, Tuo Xiang, "Context Aware Defenses to RFID
Unauthorized Reading and Relay Attacks", Emerging
Topics in Computing IEEE Transactions on, (2009).
[3] Raphael C.-W. Phan, Jean-Philippe Aumasson, "Next
generation networks: Human-aided and privacy-
driven", Innovations in NGN: Future Network and
Services, (2008).
[4] RobertLarkins, Michael Mayo, "Adaptive Feature
Thresholding for off-line signature verification", Image
and Vision Computing New Zealand, (2008).
[5] Tieyan Li, "Employing Lightweight Primitives on Low-
Cost RFID Tags for Authentication", Vehicular
Technology Conference (2008).
Fig.16: SMS Alarm
[6] J. Fazenda, D. Santos, P. Correia, "Using Gait to
Recognize People", Computer as a Tool, (2005).

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD23719 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 4 | May-Jun 2019 Page: 280