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    Single Feedback Control Loop

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    Michel Sánchez Colin
    This document describes the basic components and functioning of a single feedback control loop. It explains that a control loop uses a sensor to measure a controlled variable and compare it to a set point. The difference or error is used as input for the controller. The controller then calculates an adjustment to the manipulated variable, which is normally a control valve, in order to compensate for any disturbances and keep the controlled variable at the set point. It also notes that all feedback control systems use negative feedback to maintain stability.

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    Single Feedback Control Loop

    Uploaded by

    Michel Sánchez Colin
    80 views1 page
    This document describes the basic components and functioning of a single feedback control loop. It explains that a control loop uses a sensor to measure a controlled variable and compare it to a set point. The difference or error is used as input for the controller. The controller then calculates an adjustment to the manipulated variable, which is normally a control valve, in order to compensate for any disturbances and keep the controlled variable at the set point. It also notes that all feedback control systems use negative feedback to maintain stability.

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    This document describes the basic components and functioning of a single feedback control loop. It explains that a control loop uses a sensor to measure a controlled variable and compare it to a set point. The difference or error is used as input for the controller. The controller then calculates an adjustment to the manipulated variable, which is normally a control valve, in order to compensate for any disturbances and keep the controlled variable at the set point. It also notes that all feedback control systems use negative feedback to maintain stability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    80 views1 page

    Single Feedback Control Loop

    Uploaded by

    Michel Sánchez Colin
    This document describes the basic components and functioning of a single feedback control loop. It explains that a control loop uses a sensor to measure a controlled variable and compare it to a set point. The difference or error is used as input for the controller. The controller then calculates an adjustment to the manipulated variable, which is normally a control valve, in order to compensate for any disturbances and keep the controlled variable at the set point. It also notes that all feedback control systems use negative feedback to maintain stability.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 1

    Single feedback control loop

    Any given process will have a number of different controlled variables, and for each controlled variable, there is an associated
    manipulated variable. A specific controlled variable ties to a specific manipulated variable through the appropriate feedback control
    hardware.

    The controlled variable value registers on appropriate instrumentation, and this sensed value of the controlled variable compares to
    the desired value of the controlled variable—the set point.

    The difference between these two —the error— is used as input to the feedback controller.
    This controller then calculates a signal to adjust the manipulated variable. Because the Legend
    manipulated variable is normally a flow, the output of the feedback controller usually is a
    signal to a control valve.
    Controlled
    Controlled variable the temperature in
    While all of this is happening in a continuous fashion, disturbances may enter the process the room
    and tend to drive the controlled variable in one direction or another. The single manipulated
    variable compensates for all such changes produced by the disturbances and, in addition, if Disturbances heat generated by the
    there are changes in set point, the manipulated variable also changes accordingly to produce light bulb and heat loss through the
    the needed change in the controlled variable.
    walls to the outside
    A sensor actually measures the controlled variable, and the measured value of the controlled Error the difference between the set
    variable transmits back to the controller case.
    point and the value of the controlled
    Inside the controller case is the comparator. This functionally important device compares— variable—the temperature in the room
    takes the algebraic difference between—the value of the set point and the value of the Manipulated
    Manipulated variable the amount of fuel
    variable transmitted back into the controller case to represent the controlled variable.
    that passes through the solenoid valve,
    The comparator, or error detector, is common to all feedback control systems. Note that this which translates to heat emanating
    is negative feedback control, which is to say that the signal fed back to the comparator
    from the furnace
    subtracts from the signal that indicates the set point.
    Set point the number that the user
    All applied feedback control is negative feedback control, as positive feedback control is enters on the thermostat
    inherently unstable.

    The error signal, which is the output of the comparator, becomes the input to the feedback controller. Based on the error signal, the
    controller calculates a signal to the final control element —typically a valve— and this in turn controls the manipulated variable input
    to the process.

    This piece came from Paul Murrill's Fundamentals of Process Control Theory, ISA Press. 01 May 2004.

    Nicholas Sheble ([email protected] ) writes and edits the Control Fundamentals Department.

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