Chapter No -1 ( Quadratic Equations )

1.
 9 7
 n   ,  2 ,  
 4 4

1
2. ( x  a)( x  b) 
2

( a  b ) 2  ( b  c ) 2  (c  a ) 2 

ics
at As shown in in figure , equation have two real and

em unequal roots , one of the root lies in ( , a) and

at h a
other root lies in (b , ).

E e M h arm 3. Let three positive real roots be  ,  ,  .

JE iv .S
      6

IIT -
c t .K
je Er L
3

.
     

b
2

O
  8
1
6
for  ,  ,  , AM   2 , and GM  (8) 3  2.
3
 AM  GM     2
As shown in the figure , if the equation 3
Now  4 4 4    8
2 2
| x  n |  ( x  2) is having exactly 3 distinct real
solutions , then values of n can be n1 , n2 and n3.
4. Given equation is polynomial of degree 2 but it is
from figure (a) , n1  2 from figure (b) , satisfied for more than two roots (i.e. ; x = a , x = b and
( x  2)2  x  n have equal roots. x = c)
 given equation is an identity , hence having infinite
 x 2  3x  4  n  0 real roots.
Disc.  9  4(4  n)  0
5. By condition for one common root ,
7 7 2
n    n2   (2ab1  2a1b)(2bc1  2b1c)  (ac1  a1c)
4 4
2
from figure (c) , ( x  2)2  n  x have equal roots  a b  b c  a c
 4 a1b12 c1       (a1c1 ) 2   
a b b c
 1 1  1 1   a1 c1 
 x2  5 x  4  n  0
Let common difference be 'D' for the arithmetic
Disc = 25  4(4  n)  0
a b c
9 9 progression , ,
n    n3   a1 b1 c1
4 4

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [1]

  4a1b12c1 ( D)( D)  (a1c1 )2 (2 D)2  ( p  2)( p  1)  0 ...(iii)
from (i) , (ii) and (iii) , p  ( ,  1)
 b12  a1c1
 a1 , b1 , c1 are in G.P.
10. D  0  a  3  0
 a  [3 , )
6. x4  x 2  1  ( x2  1)2  x2

 ( x 2  x  1)( x 2  x  1) 11. Let  be the common root

  3  a  1  0 and  4  a 2  1  0
 (a  1)(1  x  x 2 )2  (a  1)( x 4  x 2  1)

 (a  1)(1  x  x 2 )  (a  1)( x 2  x  1) 1   3 1   4
 a and a  (  0)
2
 2
 x  ax  1  0
 1  3   1  4 
 for imaginary roots , D  a 2  4  0     
     2 
   
 a  (2 , 2)
  4     4 1
x 2 (3x  4)3 ( x  2)4   1
7. 0

s
( x  5)5 (2 x  7)6

tic Now , a 
1   3 1  1
  2

a
 1

m
 a  2
4  7 
x   , 5   0   
t h e 12. Dividing ax3  bx  c by x2  px  1

a a
 3  2
integral values of x  0 , 2 , 3 , 4

E e M h arm  Remainder  (b  a  ap 2 ) x  (c  ap)  0

JE iv .S
a b c

t
p2 
-
 and  p

K
8. 5 x 2  (a  1) x  a  0
IIT c .
a a
D  (a  1)2  4(5a)  0

b je Er .L c
   
a b
2
 a 2  ab  c 2  0
 a 2  18a  1  0
O
a a

 a  ( , 9  4 5)  (9  4 5 , ) ...(i)
13. Let f ( x)  a 2 (b2  c2 ) x 2  b2 (c 2  a 2 ) x  c 2 (a 2  b2 )
Let f ( x)  5 x2  (a  1) x  a
f (1)  0  x  1 is root of f ( x )  0 . If f ( x) is
for exactly one root in (1 , 3) , f (1) f (3)  0
perfect square , then both the roots of f ( x )  0 must
 (2a  6)(4a  48)  0
be 1
 a  (12 ,  3) ...(ii)  product of roots =1
From (i) and (ii) , a  (12 ,  3) c 2 (a 2  b2 ) 2a 2 c 2
  1  b2 
a 2 (b 2  c 2 ) a 2  c2
2 2
9. D  (20 p)  4(4)(25 p  15 p  66)  0
 a 2 , b2 , c2 are in H.P..
 66  15 p  0
22 ...(i)
 p 14. Let the roots be p and q
5
Sum of roots  5 p  4  p 2  q 2  (sin   2) 2  2(1  sin  )

4  p 2  q 2  5  (sin   1) 2  5
 p ...(ii)
5
( p 2  q 2 )min  5  sin   1
Let f ( x)  4 x 2  20 px  (25 p 2  15 p  66)

 
f (2)  0  p 2  p  2  0 2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [2]

 15. sin 2   cos  .sin  ...(i) If roots of ax 2  bx  c  0 are  and  , then

 cos 2  x
D  4cot 2   4  4    or 
2  1 x
 sin  
x
 1  2 sin 2      or 
 D  4   (Using relation (i)) 1 x
2
 sin  
 
 x or
 1  2(sin  cos  )  1  1 
D  4 
 sin 2  
19. If polynomial function f ( x) is having root x   with
2
 sin   cos   multiplicity 3 , then f ( )  f '( )  f "( )  0
 D  4 
 sin  
Let f ( x)  x5  10a3 x 2  b4 x  c5 and the equal roots
 D  0  Real roots
be 
Now , f ( )   5  10a3 2  b 4  c5  0 ...(i)
2
 x  ax  2 
16. 3   2   2  x  R f '( )  5 4  20a3  b4  0 ...(ii)
 x  x 1 

x 2  ax  2
ics f ''( )  20 3  20a3  0 ...(iii)

t
2
  3 ( x  x  1  0  x  R)    a (from (iii))

a
x2  x 1

m
5a 4  20a 4  b4  0 (from (ii))
Now (3  a)2  16  0
 (a  1)(a  7)  0
t h e ...(i)
 b 4  15a 4

a
Similarly , a5  10a5  b4 a  c 5  0 (from (i))
a
M
x 2  ax  2
Similarly , 2
rm  ab 4  c 5  9a5  0

e a
x2  x 1
E
JE iv .S h  a(15a 4 )  c5  9a 5  0 ( b4  15a 4 )

- t
2
 x  (2  a ) x  4  0  x  R

IIT c .K  c5  6a5  0

je Er .L
 (2  a) 2  16  0
 (a  2)(a  6)  0

O b ...(ii)
conditions on 'a' from (i) and (ii) must hold
simultaneously
20.     
b
a
and  
c
a
(1     2 )(1     2 )
 a  (2 , 1)
 1  (   )   (   )  (   )2    ( )2
17. 2 x  2 x  4  16 b c  b  b2 c c 2
1      
 2 x  4  (16  2 x) (16  2 x  0) ...(i) a a  a  a2 a a2

 (2 x  4)  (16  2 x) 2 1
2

a2
a 2
 b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac 
 2 x  33x  126  0
1
 ( x  6)(2 x  21)  0  x 
21
,6

2a 2
 (a  b) 2

 (b  c ) 2  (c  a ) 2  0
2
21 21. Apply log of base 2 to both sides
x is not applicable because this value of x fails
2
3 2 5 1
condition (i)  log 2 x   log 2 x   log 2 x   
4 4 2
 x  6 is the only solution.
1
18. ax2  bx( x  1)  c( x  1) 2  0
  log2 x  1 log 2 x  2   log2 x  0
 3
2
 x   x  1 1
 a  b c  0  x ,2, 3
 1  x  1 x  4 2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [3]

 given equation has two rational and one irrational 26.
roots.

22. Let the remainder when f ( x) is divided by

( x  3)( x  1) 2 be (ax2  bx  c) and the quotient

be Q ( x )

  
f ( x)  Q( x) ( x  3)( x  1) 2  ax 2  bx  c As shown in above figure , f ( x)  0  x  [1 , 3]
By remainder theorem :  f (1)  0 and f (3)  0
f (3)  15 ; f (1)  (2 x  1)  (1  3k )(1  k  3)  0 ...(i)
f (3)  Q(3)(0)  9a  3b  c  15 (3  3k )(3  k  3)  0 ...(ii)
 9a  3b  c  15 ...(i)
1
Function f ( x) can be further arranged as : from (i) and (ii) , k   0 , 
 3
 
f ( x )  Q ( x ) ( x  3)( x  1) 2  a ( x  1)2  2 ax  bx  a  c
27. A   4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , .... ,147 , 148 , 149 
 f (1)  0  x(2a  b)  a  c  (2 x  1)
x 2  3x    0
 2a  b  2 ; c  a  1 ...(ii)    x( x  3) ...(i)
from (i) and (ii) , a  2 , c  3 and b  2

ics In equation (i) , possible integral values of x can be

 Remainder  2 x 2  2 x  3
at 4 , 5 , 6 , .... , 13.
 Total number of possible values of   10
23. Let the roots be  and  2

em 28. If (ln 3) , (ln 3)  , (ln 3) form a G.P. , then


a
   2   and  ( 2 )  1
3
at h a
 ,  ,  form an A.P. equation  x 2   x    0

M rm has real roots

e
  3  1    1 ,  , 2
E
JE iv .S h a   2  4  0

t
Now , for   1 , a  6 (Not applicable) for
- K
IIT c .
2

je Er
  
L
   , a  3 (applicable  a 0)
.
    4 ( 2     )

b
 2 
24. a 2 ( x  1) 2  b2 (2 x 2  x  1)  5 x2  3  0

O
 (a 2  2b2  5) x 2  (2a 2  b2 ) x  a 2  b 2  3  0

If Ax 2  Bx  C  0 is satisfied for all x  R , then

  2   2  14


 
  14
 
A  B  C  0.
2
 a 2  2b2  5  0 ...(i)    
     12 (  ,  ,   R  )
2a 2  b 2  0 ...(ii)    
a2  b2  3  0 ...(iii)
 
  2 3
from (i) , (ii) and (iii) , a 2  1 and b 2  2  
 (a , b)  (1 , 2) , (1 ,  2), (1 , 2) and (1,  2)
29. If y  k is tangent to y  f ( x) , then the parabolic
25. Disc.  64k 2  4(16)(k 2  k  1)  0
curve represented by f ( x) must be completely below
 k 1 ...(i) the x-axis and open downwards
Sum of roots  8  f ( x)  0  x  R
 8k  8  k  1 ...(ii)
 1 a b
 f       c  0  a  2b  4c  0
If f ( x)  x 2  8kx  16(k 2  k  1) , then f (4)  0  2 4 2
 16  32k  16(k 2  k  1)  0
30. In a scalene triangle having sides a , b and c.
 (k  2)(k  1)  0 ...(iii)
| a  b |  c  a 2  b2  2ab  c 2 ...(i)
from (i) , (ii) and (iii) , k  [2 , )
| a  c |  b  a 2  c 2  2ac  b2 ...(ii)
 Smallest value of k  2
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [4]
 | c  b |  a  c 2  b 2  2cb  a 2 ...(iii) 3 p
Now , p  1  0 and   q 2  0  p , q  Q 
Adding (i) , (ii) and (iii) 8 2
2 2 2 1
 a  b  c   p  1 and q 2 
  2
 ab  bc  ca  8

(a) | sin |  | cos |  p  0  | sin  |  | cos  |  1

Discriminant  4(a  b  c)2  12 (ab  bc  ac)  0
3
 (a 2  b2  c2 )  (2  3 )(ab  bc  ac)  0 (b) log 2 | q | log2 (2)3/ 2  
2
1  a 2  b2  c 2  (c) 8q 2  4 p  1  4  5
    2
3  ab  bc  ac 
(d)  | sin  |  | cos |   2 p  1
1  a 2  b2  c 2 
   (2  2)   2

3  ab  bc  ca  2
33.   5  6  0  (  6)(  1)  0
 4     1 , 6
     , 
 3
x2  7  4 x  3sin( ax  b)
31. x2  |  | x  |  |  0 is having roots 'a' and 'b'  x2  4 x  7  3sin( ax  b)
 a  b |  | and ab   |  |

ics  ( x  2)2  3(1  sin(ax  b))  0

at
If product of root is negative then the roots are opposite
in nature , further sum of roots is positive , hence 2

m
  ax  b   ax  b  
 ( x  2) 2  3  sin    cos    0

e
positive roots is more in magnitude than the negative 2
    2 

h
root.
 a  0 and b  0 ( | a |  | b |)

at a
 p 2  q 2  0  p  q  0 if p , q R 
M rm
Now it is given that 1 |  |  b

e a
 ax  b   ax  b 
E
x  2 and sin    cos  0

JE iv .S h
 1  (a  b)  b  a  1 and b  1  2   2 
2

IIT - 2

c t .K
je Er
 x
L
x  ax  b 
If log|a|    1 , then    | a |
.
 for x  2 , tan    1

b
b b  2 

 x  b | a |
O
Now magnitude of the above roots is greater than | a |

2a  b
2

 n  ; n  I
4
If a , b  S , then a , b [1 , 6]
and | b |
 3  (2a  b)  18
 x  b | a | lies in (b , ) and x  b | a |
 11
lines in ( , a).  (2a  b) min   and (2a  b )max 
  2
   2
for n  0 for n  3

2
32. cos satisfy the equation x2  px  q 2  0
8 34. Let the positive roots be a , b , c and d for the

 2
2 equation x 4  12 x 3   x 2   x  81  0
 2  2
  cos   p  cos q 0
 8  8 Now S1  a  b  c  d  12 and (abcd) = 81

2 1
       a b c d  4
By AM  GM ;    (abcd )
 cos 4  1   cos 4  1  2  4 
    p q  0
 2   2  1
    S1
  (81) 4  S1  12
4
2
 1 1  1  If S1  12 , then AM  GM  a  b  c  d
     p  1  q 2  0
2 2 2 2 2   abcd 3
4 3 2 4
3 p  ( p  1) Now x  12 x   x   x  81  ( x  3)
    q2   0
8 2  2 2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [5]

  x 4  12 x3   x2   x  81   At least one of 1 ,  2 ,  3 is non-negative
statement (1) is true.
x 4  12 x3  54 x 2  108 x  81 Statement (2) is not true is general , because the
   54 and   108 condition many fail if 1 ,  2 ,  3 is non-real , hence
 statement (2) is valid only for those quadratic equations
 2    0 and log 0.2 5  2 log 05 5  log 2 25 which has real coefficients.

35. If  ,   A , then  ,  lies in (–2 , 2) 38. Given equation can be written as :
2  
 Both roots of x  ax  b  0 lies in between –2 x2   x    0 if  1  ( x 2  6 x  10)  1
2 2
and 2 , hence a 2  4b  0 and sum of roots lies in
between – 4 and 4.  x2   x  0 if  2  ( x  3)2  0
 – 4 < (sum of roots) < 4  x 2   x  0 is valid only for x  3
 4  a  4 ,  | a |  4
   3  2log2 8
If f ( x)  x 2  ax  b , then f (2)  0 and f (2)  0 Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.
 4  2a  b  0 and 4  2a  b  0
39. x2  (  1) x    1  0
 (4  b)  2 | a |  0
(  1)  (  1)2  4(  1)

s
b x

c
 |a|  2

i
2

t
2

a
36. Let g ( x)  f ( x  k )   f ( x) (   1)  (   1)2  4
 x

m 
2

e
If g ( x )  0 has exactly one real root between
 and  , then g ( ) g (  )  0

at h a
If roots are integral , then (  1) 2  4  must be a
perfect square which is only possible for one integral

M m
  f (  k )   f ( )  f (  k )   f (  )   0

E e ar value of  (i.e. ;   1)

JE iv .S h
 f (  k ). f (   k )  0  f ( )  f (  )  0 

- t
2 4
T c  .K
Now ,  x  2 or 2

II
je E r
2
2

.L
 a(  k )  b(  k )  c a(  k )  b(  k )  c2
0 Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false.

O
 a  b  c  0 and a  b  c  0
2
b 2
40. If f ( x )  0 has distinct real roots , then

 (2a k  ak 2  bk )(2a k  ak 2  bk )  0 (b2  4ac) is +ve ...(i)

 k 2 (ak  2a  b)(ak  2a   b)  0 Now ,  f '( x ) 2  f ( x ). f "( x )  0


 k 2 a 2 k 2   2 a(   )  2b  ak  (2a  b)(2 a  b)  0   (2ax  b) 2  (ax 2  bx  c)(2a )  0


 4a 2 x 2  4abx  b2  2a 2 x 2  2abx  2ac  0
  b  
 k  a 2 k 2   2a    2b  ak 
2

   a    2a 2 x 2  2abx  b 2  2ac 2  0 ...(ii)

Discriminant for equation (ii)
c  D  4a 2b2  4(2a 2 )(b2  2ac)
4a 2    2 a (   )b  b 2   0
a
  
 4a 2 (b 2  2b2  4ac)
2 2 2 2
 k (a k  4ac  b )  0
 4a 2 (b 2  4ac)  4a 2 (b2  4ac)
2 2 2
 0  a k  b  4ac  0  | ak |  
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is  D  0 ( b2  4ac  0)
not appropriate.  Equation (ii) have non-real roots
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
37. Let 1 ,  2 ,  3 be the discriminant of the given appropriate.
quadratic equations (1) , (2) and (3) respectively
then 1  2  3  (a  b)2  (b  c)2  (c  a)2  0
 1   2   3  0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [6]

 2 1 1 3. Roots of x3  ax 2  ax 2  bx  b  0 are  ,  , 
1.     ,  ,  are in H.P..
  
       a ,       b
1 1 1 and   b
 , , are in A.P..
  
a    
If  ,  ,  are roots of x3  ax2  bx  b  0 , then   
b 
1 1 1 a  1 1 1 
roots of bx 3  bx 2  ax  1  0 are , , .     
   
b     
1 1 1
Let the common difference for , , be 'D' . a  1 1 11  1 
        D     D     D 2  
b  3  3 3 3  9 
1  1 1 
   D   D 1 a 1

s
    D2

c
    

i
b 3


3
1    3
at 
a 1
 D 2  , Now
a b
 D2 
2

m
 b 3 b 3
Now  is root of x3  ax 2  bx  b  0

t h e ab
   
2
( D 2  0)

a
3 2  b  3
a
   a   b  b  0
 27  9a  3b  b  0

E e M h arm x 2  ax  b
JE iv .S
 9 a  2b  30  3 4. f ( x)   x  R  r ,  
- t
x 2  a1 x  b1
( )2  ( ) 2  ( ) 2
IIT c .K
je Er .L
2.

b
( )2


1


1
2

1
 2 O
1 1 1  1
      2
   
2

1

1 
    


1 1 1
Let 
 2
 be 'A'.
  2
2
1 1 1 
 A    D    D
   

 1 1 11   1 
2    D     D    2  D 2  
       
  from the graph , f ( x) is increasing  x  (r , s)
   3 (from solution of (1))
5.
2
3  1 1 1 1  1 
A     2   D     D     D2  
3  3 3 3 3  9 

2 1 
 A  1  2    D2 
9 9 
1 1
 A   2D 2  A  ( D 2  0)
3 2

( )2  (  )2  ( )2 1
 minimum value of 2
is from the graph , f ( x) has local maxima in ( ,  )
( ) 3

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [7]

 and local minima in ( ,  ) .  m1  m2  4 and m1m2  6

6. m12 m22  m13  m23 

Now   
m2 m1  m1m2 

3
 (m  m2 )  3m1m2 (m1  m2 ) 
 P 1 
 m1m2 

136
 P
6

 3P 
 Value of  4
 17 

from the graph , f ( x) has two critical points , hence

11. Roots of x 2  10cx  11d  0 are a and b
f '( x)  0 has real and distinct roots.
 a  b  10c and ab  11d ...(i)

7. If ax2  bx  c  0  x  R , then a  0 and D  0  a 2  10ac  11d  0 ...(ii)

cs
2
Roots of x  10ax  11b  0 are c and d

i
 (1  m)  0 and 4(3m  1)2  4(m  1)(8m  1)  0
 m  1 and m(m  3)  0
at  c  d  10a and cd  11b ...(iii)

m
2 ...(iv)
 c  10ac  11b  0

e
 m  (0 , 3)
from (i) and (iii)

8. D  0  m  R  {1}  (0 , 3)
at h a
...(i)
a  b  c  d  10c  10 a
 9(a  c)  b  d

E e M h arm
If both roots of f ( x )  0 are non-negative , then sum
abcd  121bd  ac  121

JE iv .S
of roots is non-negative and the product of roots is
Now add (ii) and (iv)
- t
non-negative

IIT c .K  a 2  c 2  20ac  11(b  d )  0

je Er .L
2(3m  1) 8m  1
  0 and 0

b
m 1 m 1  (a  c)2  22ac  99(a  c)  0
 1
O 
 m  (  ,  1)    ,  
 8 
...(ii)
( 9(a  c )  b  d )

 (a  c) 2  99(a  c)  22(121)  0 ( ac  121)

 1  (a  c  22)(a  c  121)  0
 m   1 ,  
 8
 a  c  121  a  c  22  ac  121
9. Let roots be 2 and 3 Now , (b  d )  9(a  c )  9(121)
 2m  1  2 1  8m 1
 5  2   and 6 
 m  1  1 m  a  b  c  d  1210  (a  b  c  d )  2
605
 16m 2  8m  1  0 12. Let purely real and purely imaginary roots of
81  6625 x 2  ax  b  0 be  and  respectively..
 m
32      a and   b ...(i)
 Two possible values of ' m ' exist.
Now , (   )  a
2 2 2
10. m x  (2m  m ) x  3 ; (m  0)
     a (    ) ...(ii)
2 from (i) and (ii)
 2m  m 2   3 
2 2
 2   2  2  (   )  (   )  a  a
  m m  4
  
  3  3  2  (a  a) (     )
 2
m 
(a  a)
2
  ...(iii)
 m  4m  6  0 2
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [8]
 (   )  (   )  a  a  (b2  2ac)(c 2  2bd )  0
2 2
 2  (a  a) (     )  minimum value of (b  2ac)(c  2bd ) is 0

aa
      ...(iv) 15. x2  2nx  19n  92  0 ; n  I
 2 
If roots are rational , then discriminant must be a perfect
from (iii) and (iv) square
 a 2  (a ) 2   D  4n 2  4(19n  92)
     b (   b)
 4 
 D  4(n2  19n  92)
2 2
 a  (a)  Let n2  19n  92  m2 ; m  I
  2
 2b 
 n2  19n  92  m 2  0
13. x4  (a  1) x3  x 2  (a  1) x  2  0 19  4m2  7
 n ; n I
 ( x4  x 2  2)  (a  1)( x3  x )  0 2
If n is integer , then (4m2  7) must be a perfect
 ( x2  2)( x 2  1)  (a  1) x( x2  1)  0

s
square of odd integer.
 ( x2  1)( x2  (a  1) x  2)  0

tic  4m 2  7  (2k  1)2 ; k  I

 ( x  1)( x  1)( x 2  (a  1) x  2)  0
If the above equation is having at least two distinct
m a 2
 4m  (2k  1)  7 2

positive real roots , then the equation

t h e  (2m  2k  1)(2m  2k  1)  7
 one factor must be 1 and other 7 or one factor

a
x2  (a  1) x  2  0 must have at least one positive
a must be –1 and other –7

M m
root other than x  1

E e ar  2m  2k  1  1 and 2m  2k  1  7

JE iv .S h
 x2  (a  1) x  2  0  m2
-
c t K
Now the product of root is 2 , hence the

IIT .
2m  2k  1  1 and 2m  2k  1  7

je Er L
equation must have both roots positive
.  m  2

b
 Sum  (a  1)  0  a  1 ...(i)

O
Similarly for other set of factors , m   2
and discriminant  (a  1) 2  8  0
 m  2
 | a  1|  2 2
19  4(2) 2  7
 n
 
a   ,  1  2 2    2 2  1 , 
  ...(ii) 2
 n  8 or  11
from (i) and (ii) , a  2 2  1 ,    | n |min  8
 minimum integral value of a  2
16. (a) Let consecutive integral roots be n and (n +1)
14. Let the common root be   n  n  1  b and n(n  1)  c
 a 3  2b 2  3c  4d  0 ...(i)
 2n  (b  1) and n 2  n  c
2 ...(ii)
a  b  c  0
2
 a 3  b 2  c  0 ...(iii)  b 1   b  1 
    c
Subtract (iii) from (i)  2   2 
 b 2  2c  4d  0 ...(iv)  b 2  1  4c
Now , equations (ii) and (iv) are consistent for one
 (b 2  4c)  1
common value of 
 (2ac  b2 )(4bd  2c2 )  (bc  4ad )2 (b) Let f ( x)  x 2  6 x  7
 2(b 2  2ac)(c2  2bd )  (bc  4ad )2  f ( x)  ( x  3)2  2
1   f ( x)min  2 at x  3
 (b 2  2 ac)(c 2  2bd )  (bc  4ad ) 2
2
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [9]
 (c) x2  1  3  4 b
 If  is positive then vertex point lies toward
2a
 | x 2  1| 3  4 right of y-axis.
 | x2  1|  7 or  1  b 
If    is negative , then vertex point lies toward
 2a 
 | x2  1|  7 ( | f ( x ) |  0)
left of y-axis.
 x 2  1  7
 x2  8 or  6

 x  2 2 ( x 2  6)
(d) f ( x)  | 2 x  4 |  | 4 x  6 |

  3 
minimum value of f ( x )  min  f (2) , f   
  2 

3
 min of f ( x )  f    1
2

17. (a) ( 2    2) x2  (  2) x  1  0  x  R
ics
2 2
 (    2)  0 and (  2)  4(    2)  0 2

at
 (  2)(  1)  0 and (  2)(5  2)  0
em
 2
    2 , 
at h a
M m
 5
(b) Sum   2  5  5  1
E e ar
JE iv .S h
- t
 (  1)(  4)  0 ...(i)

IIT c .K
je Er .L
Product  2 2  3  4  1
 (  1)(2  5)  0
from (i) and (ii)
O b ...(ii)

 5
  1 , 
 2
(c) (5) x  (12) x  169

for x  2 ; (5)2  (12)2  169

 x  2 is applicable
 x  (2 , )
(d) D  (a 2  8a  1)2  4(2)(a 2  4a)  0

 a 2  4a 
and product     0
 2 
If (a 2  4a)  0 , then D  0
 a  (0 , 4)

18. f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c
If 'a' is positive then parabolic curve is open upward.
If D  0 then parabolic curve meet the x-axis at two
b D
distinct points vertex point for f ( x) is   ,  
 2a 4a 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [10]

 Chapter No -2 ( Sequences and Series )

1. nth term of sequence  Sn  S n 1 b  c 2 ab

 ...(ii)
 Tn  n(n  1)(n  2)  (n  1)(n)(n  1) 2 bc

 Tn  3(n)(n  1) c  a 2 ab
 ...(iii)
2 ac
1 1 1 1 
     Add (i) , (ii) and (iii)
Tr 3  n n  1 
 ab bc ca 
13 12  ( a  b  c)  2    
1 1 1 1 a  b b  c c  a
 T r

3   r  r  1 
r 1 r 1  ab bc ca   a  b  c 
     
1 1 4 a  b b  c c  a   2 
 1   
3  13  13

s
5. Sn  cn2

2 a2 c2   
tic Tn  Sn  Sn 1  Tn  c (2n  1)

a
ac 2
2. b  and b 
2 a 2  c2  (Tr )2  c2 (2r  1)2
 b 2 (a 2  c 2 )  2(ac)2
em 
h
n

t
 Sum of squares  c 2 (2r  1)2
 ( a  c) 
a a
2 2 2
 ( a  c)  2 ac  8(ac )  2b  a  c  r 1

 (a  c) 4  2(ac)(a  c)2  8(ac)2  0

E e M ha m
r  n

JE iv .S
 Sum  c 2 (2r  1)2

II  ct .L.K
 (a  c )  -
2
 4ac (a  c) 2  2ac  0
T
 r 1

je Er
 n 2 n n 

b
 (a  c) 2 (a  c) 2  2ac  0  a  c 
    c 2 4 r 4 r 1

O
 r 1 r 1 r 1 
 (a  c)2  2ac  0  2b 2  ac  0
 4n(n  1)(2n  1) 4(n)(n  1) 
 c2    n
3  6 2 
3. a , b , c are in A.P. and a  b  c 
2 c2
1 1 1

3

n(4n2  1) 
Let the terms in A.P. be   d  , ,   d 
2  2 2 
2 2 6. If (ln  ) p , (ln  )q , (ln  )r , (ln  ) s is in G.P. ,
1  1 1 
  d , ,   d  are in G.P.. then p , q , r , s is in A.P.
2  4 2 
1 1 1 1
2  , , , is in H.P..
1 1  1 1 p q r s
   d2    d2 
16  4  4 4
1 1 1 1
or , , , is in H.P..
1 s r q p
 d 0, 
2 or pqr , pqs , prs , qrs is H.P..
1 1
 first term of A.P.    a  b  c  7. Tr 1  Tr Tr  1
2 2
1 1 1
  
4. Apply AM  HM Tr 1 Tr Tr  1
a  b 2ab 1 1 1
 ...(i)   
2 ab Tr  1 Tr Tr 1
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [11]
 3 2 
1 1 1 1 1
Now , Sn       ..... 
1  11. k th AM  Ak  2  k  
  11 
 T1 T2 T2 T3 Tn Tn 1 

1 1  k  22 
 Ak   
 Sn    11 
T1 Tn 1
1
1  1 1  1/ 3  1/ 2 
k th HM  H k    k 
 S100  2  T1    2  11


T101  2

 1  S100  2  T101  1

1 1 k 
  
H k  2 66 

 66  k  22 
n n  H k (5  Ak )    5  6
 33  k  11 
8. Sn 
r
4
, Let Pn   (2r  1)
r 1
4

 H (5  A)  6
r 1

n n 2n
12. D  (a  c)2  4b2  4(b)(a  c)  0
 r 1
(2r  1)4  r 1
(2r ) 4  r
r 1
4

 a 2  c 2  2ac  4b2  4ab  4bc  0

s
n

c
 a 2  c 2  4b 2  2ac  4ab  4bc  0
 (2r )
i
4
 S2 n  Pn 
r 1

at  (a  c  2b)2  0

m
n  a  c  2b
 S2 n  Pn  16  r 1

t
r4

h e  a , b , c are in A.P. and hence ea 1 , eb1 , ec 1

a
are in G.P.
 Pn  S2 n  16Sn
a
E e M h arm A2 n

JE iv .S
13. 3

t
An
- K
T c .
n n

II
je Er L
 
.
9. x2 k 1  x2 k  2 2n
 2a  (2n  1)d 
b
k 1 k 1 2
 3

O
n
  x1  x3  x5  .... x2n 1    x4  x6  x8  .... x2n 2   2a  (n  1)d 
2
 r 2n  1   r 2n  1   4a  2(2n  1)d  6a  3(n  1)d
 x1  2   x4  2
 r 1   r  1 
     2a  (n  1)d
 x1  x4
3n
 x1  x1r 3 A3n  2a  (3n  1)d 
Now ,  2
An n
 2a  (n  1)d 
 (r 3  1)  0  r  1 ,  ,  2 2

 no. of possible values of r  3 A3n 3  (n  1)d  (3n  1)d 

   2a   n  1 d 
An  (n  1)d  (n  1)d 
10. x12  y12  48 x 4 y 4  k
A3 n
 6
Apply AM  GM for x12 , y12 and 212 An

1 1 1
x12  y12  212 1 d  3  d  3  d  3
  3 (2 xy )12 14. Let the roots be   ,  ,  r,
3 r a   a   a 
 x12  y12  212  48 x 4 y 4 where 'r' is common ratio
1
 x12  y12  48 x4 y 4  212  d  3  1  b
    1 r   ...(i)
 k  212  a  r  a

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [12]

 2   
 d  3  1  c 18. r1  , r2  , r3 
    r  1  ...(ii) ( S  a) ( S  b) ( S  c)
 a  r  a
from (i) and (ii) If a , b , c are in A.P. , then r1 , r2 , r3 are in H.P..
1
  d  3  b  c 3 3
      ac  db 8r 8r 8r
 a   a  a 19.  
4r 4  1 (2r 2  1)2  4r 2 (2r 2  1) 2  (2r )2

8r
15. (2a ) 2  (3b )2  (4c )2  (2 a )(3b )  (3b)(4c)  (2 a)(4 a )  0  Tr 
(2r  2r  1)(2r 2  2r  1)
2
1

2

(2 a  3b) 2  (3b  4c) 2  (4c  2 a) 2  0   1 1 
 Tr  2  2  2 
 2a  3b , 3b  4c , 4c  2a  2r  2r  1 2r  2r  1 
n
 2a  3b  4c     is constant   1 
  
 S T
r 1
r  2 1  2 
 2 n  2n  1 
or a ,b ,c
2 3 4  lim ( S )  2
n 
1 1 1

s
 , , are in A.P. , hence a , b , c are in H.P..

c
a b c

i
20. Let the middle term of sequence be 'a' middle term
16. Let the given set of four numbers be
at of A.P.  a  (n  1  1)(2)

m
= (a – 2n)

e
 6 ,  ,  6
 6 ,

h
n 11
A.P. 1

t
middle term of G.P.  a  

a
If first three numbers are in G.P. , then : 2
a
M m
(  6)2   (  6)
r
n

e
1
  2  12  36   2  6
E
JE iv .S h a  a 
2
  2
IIT -
c t .K
je Er
a
 numbers are 8 , – 4 , 2 , 8
.L  a  2n 
2n

b
sum = 14

O 3 2
17.  ,  ,  are roots of x  x  px  q  0

 2
1
 a 1  n

  2n

1  1 1  2n(2n )  n(2) n 1 
Let the roots be   d  , ,   d   a  n 
3  3 3  n
(2  1)  2  1 
11  11  1 2
  d   d d   p
33  3 3  9  21. Sum  a12  a22  a32  a42  a52  a62  .... a49
2 2
 a50
2 1  (a1  a2 )(a1  a2 )  (a3  a4 )(a3  a4 )  ....
   d2  p
9 9 (a49  a50 )(a49  a50 )
1  Let the common difference be ' D '
 d2    p  0
3   Sum  ( D)(a1  a2  a3  a4  ....  a50 )
1  ( D)(25)(a1  a50 )
 p
3
D 1
1 1 2

(a1  a50 )
(25) a12  a50
2
49

(25) a12  a50
2
 
Similarly ,   d   q
3 9  n
2
5  5 2 2
1 
 d 2    3q   0 Now ,  
7
a 2
1
2
 a50   
7
 2
 a1  a50 
9   

1 n
 q  2  n 8
27 4

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [13]

 22. an  2n  2n  2000
 n  11
 2 , 22 , 23 , 24 , .... 2n is the G.P..
25. Let a  b  c
Let 2 p , 2q , 2r be removed from G.P..
 Geometric mean of the remaining terms
1
  2(123 4....n) pqr n3
 n(n  1)  1 37
    p  q  r  
 2  (n  3) 5

n(n  1) 37
  p  q  r   (n  3) from figure , C  x , A  2 x , B  (  3x )
2 5
By sine rule
In above relation n must be in the form of
c a b
(5k  3) , k  I  and ( p  q  r ) must be natural   k
sin x sin(2 x ) sin(  3x)
number varying from 6 to (3n – 3).
for k  1 ; n  8 ; ( p  q  r )  1  a  k sin(2 x) , b  k sin(3x ) , c  k (sin x)

 n8 Now , 2sin(3x )  sin( x )  sin(2 x)

 k  2 ; n  13 ; ( p  q  r )  17

ics  a , b , c are in A.P.

 n  13 is applicable

at  2 sin x(3  4 sin 2 x)  sin x (1  2 cos x)

m
for k  3 ; n  18 , p  q  r  60
 n  18

t h e  6  8sin 2 x  1  2cos x
 8cos 2 x  6 cos x  3  0
23. Apply AM  GM for 3 x , 3 x , 4 y , 4 y , 4 y
2 2 3 3 3
M a rm a  cos x 
3
or 
1
 x  120 
E e a 4 2

JE iv .S h
t
 3x   3x   4 y   4 y   4 y 
- K
3

c
     
II
 2   2   3   3   3 
T .
 cosine of smallest angle 

je Er L
4
.

5

O b  x y 
1
 16 2 3  5
26. a , A1 , A2 , b are in A.P..
 A1  A2  (a  b) ...(i)
 3 
1 a , G1 , G2 , b are in G.P..
3x  4 y  16  5
   (6)   G1G2  (ab) ...(ii)
5  3 
a , H1 , H 2 , b are in H.P..
 (3x  4 y )  10
1 1 1 1
 , , , are in A.P..
a H1 H 2 b
  1 n 
1  
2  2n  1  1 1 1 1
24. Sn  1       n 1     
 1   2 H1 H 2 a b
 1   
2 
  H1  H 2 a  b
 
H1 H 2 ab
1
S  lim  S n   2 Using conditions (i) and (ii)
n 1
1
2 H1  H 2 A1  A2

H1 H 2 G1G2
 2n  1  1
Now , S  Sn   2  n 1  
 
 2  1000 
H1 H 2 H1  H 2

G1G2 A1  A2
1 1
 n1

2 1000 1 1 1  1 1  2b  a
Now ,     
H1 a 3  b a  3ab
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [14]
 3ab 1
 H1  from graph , L.H.S. = R.H.S.  x  .
(a  2b) 4
1 3 5
1 1 2  1 1  2a  b  a1  , a2  , a3 
Similarly ,      4 4 4
H2 a 3  b a  3ad
1
9a 2b2  first term of A.P. 
 H1 H 2  4
(2a  b)(2b  a)
1
common difference of A.P. 
G1G2 (2a  b)(2b  a) 2
 
H1 H 2 9ab 1
 an  an 1 
2
27. Let the number be  ,   1 ,   2 ,   3 10
10   1   1  
 (  3)   2  (  1)2  (  2) 2 a
n 1
n  2 9   25
2   4   2  
 3 2  5  2  0
2   3 n 
   1 or     1 (   I )
3  1  
3   4   n
  3 1    3  

s
Now , the numbers are –1 , 0 , 1 , 2 a
30. n 
4  7   4  

c
 3

i
 1       

t
28. Let two distinct positive numbers be 'a' and 'b'   4 

 A1 
a b
, G1  ab , H1 
2ab

m a bn  an  1  bn  (1  an )

e
2 ab

t h
1
A  H1 2 A1 H1  bn  an  n  n0  an   n  n0

a a
 A2  1 , G2  A1 H1 , H 2  2

M
2 A1  H1

rm n

e
3 3 3 1
A  H2
 A3  2 , G3  E
JE iv .S h a
A2 H 2 , H 3 
2 A2 H 2        n  n0
7 7 4 2

- t
2 A2  H 2

IIT c .K n

je Er L
 3 1
A  H n 1
Similarly , An  n 1
.        n  n0

b
, Gn  An 1 .H n 1 and  4  6
2

Hn 
2 An 1.H n 1
An 1  H n 1
O  n0  6

31. Let the sides of triangle be a , ar and ar 2

A1  H1  H1  A2  A1  H 2  A3  A2
 A1  A2  A3  A4  .....  a  ar  ar 2  r 2  r  1  0

Similarly , H1  H 2  H 3  H 4  .... 1 5 1 5
 r ...(i)
2 2
G1  G2  G3  G4  ....  ab .
Similarly , a  ar 2  ar  r 2  r  1  0
29. a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 ,.... an form A.P..  rR ...(ii)
 2a2  a1  a3 Now , ar 2  ar  a  r 2  r  1  0
 2 | x  1|  | x |  | x  1|  1  5   1  5 
 r    ,   ,  ...(iii)
 2   2 
 
from (i) , (ii) and (iii)
 5 1 5 1 
r  , 
 2 2 


1   1  3  
 r   .sin   , sin  
2  10  2  10  
 Statements (1) and (2) are true and the explanation
is also correct.
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [15]
 5 1
32. cot A , cot B , cot C are in A.P..  x
2
 x  R  

cos A cos B cos C

 , , are in A.P.. 1  7 
sin A sin B sin C or x  sin  
2  10 
b 2  c 2  a 2 a 2  c2  b2 a 2  b2  c 2  Statement (1) and (2) are true and the explanation
 , ,
 2abc   2abc   2abc  is also correct.
     
 2 R   2 R   2R 
1
are in A.P. ab2  ac 2  bc 2  ba 2  ca 2  cb 2
 a b c 
34.
6

 a 6 b 6 c6  6

    2R
 sin A sin B sin C   a(b2  c2 )  b(c 2  a 2 )  c (a 2  b2 )  6abc
 b 2  c 2  a 2 , a 2  c 2  b 2 , a 2  b2  c 2  Statement (1) is true.
are in A.P. Now , ( AM )( HM )  (GM )2 is true for n  2 but not
 a 2 , b2 , c2 are in A.P.. for all n  N  {1}
1 1 1 
 , , are in H.P.. If a1 , a2 , a3 , ..... an  R and form a G.P. , then
2 2 2
a b c
( AM )( HM )  GM 2  n  N  1

s
Statement (2) is true

c
Statement (2) is false.

i

If b 2  c2  a 2 , a 2  c2  b2 , a 2  b2  c2 are in
A.P. , then b  c  a , a  c  b , a  b  c are in A.P..
at 1 1 1 1

m
35. S n  1     ..... 

e
 (b  c ) , (a  c ) , (a  b) are in A.P.. 2 3 4 n


1
,
1
,
a b bc c a
1
are in H.P..
at h a
 Statement (1) is false.

E e M h arm
JE iv .S
33. If x , [ x] , {x} form a G.P..

IIT -
ec t L.K
 x 2  x  x
b j Er.



 x 2   x    x  x
x2   x  x 

O
 
x
2
0
n 1
1 1 1 1
 x 
 1  5   x  As shown in graph ,  x
dx  1    .... 
2 3 n
1
2
 ln(n  1)  Sn  Sn  ln  n  1
 5 1 
 x     x    x  0   Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation
 2  is not appropriate
 5 1 
 2   
Now 0   x 1
 

2
 0   x 
5 1
  x  0 or 1

 5 1 
  x  0 or  
 2 

5 1 5 1
 x  0  0  0 or x  1  
2 2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [16]

 r 2 
1. Vr   2(r )  (r  1)(2r  1)  2 2
Now , (4  d )  16  (4  d )  8   2  2r 
2  r 
r 1
 Vr 
2
  
2r 2  r  1  2 r 3  r 2  r
2
  2  2r  2r 2 
 48  2r 2  8    d  r 
 r
n  
1
 V1  V2  V3  ....  Vn   (2r 3  r 2  r )
2 r 1  24r  r 3  8  8r  8r 2
2  r 3  8r 2  16r  8  0
 n(n  1)  1 n (n  1)(2n  1) 1 n(n  1)
 Sum  1   . 
 2  2 6 2 2  (r  2)(r 2  6r  4)  0

n(n  1)  n 2  n 2n  1 1   r2 ( r  I  )
 Sum     
2  2 6 2   P  2 , 4 , 6 and Q  1 , 2 , 4

ics
t
1 Now , P  Q  2 , 4  n( P  Q)  2
 Sum  n (n  1)(3n 2  n  2)

a
12

em
h
2. Tr  Vr 1  Vr  2

t
5. a  1 , b  2 , c  4

a a
1

 Tr  2(r  1)3  (r  1)2  ( r  1)  Now , ax 2  bx  c  0

M m
2

E e ar  x2  2 x  4  0

JE iv .S h
1
 (2r 3  r 2  r )  2 ( x  1)2  3  0

t

- 2
K
 Tr  (r  1)3  r 3  II
1 T c
je Er
 .L.
(r  1) 2  r 2
 x  1  i 3

O
2
b 1
 (r  1  r )  2
2 6. P  Q  1 , 2 , 4 , 6
 Sum of elements = 13
1 1
 Tr  3r 2  3r  1  (2r  1)  (1)  2
2 2
 Tr  3r 2  3r  1  r  2 7. Let k th A.M. between x and 2y be A1
 Tr  3r 2  2r  1  (r  1)(3r  1)  2y  x 
 A1  x  k  
 Tr is composite number..  n 1 
Let k th A.M. between 2x and y be A2
3. Qr  Tr 1  Tr
 y  2x 
 A2  2 x  k  
  
Qr  3(r  1)2  2(r  1)  1  3r 2  2r  1   n 1 

 Qr   6r  5  Now , A1  A2

 Qr  11  (r  1)6  2y  x   y  2x 
 xk   2x  k  
 n 1   n 1 
 Q1 , Q2 , Q3 ,..... forms an A.P. with c.d. = 6 and
the first term is 11. n 1 y
  1
k x
4. Let set P be 4  d , 4 , 4  d  and set Q be
 n 1 y 
    1
2   k x
 , 2 , 2r 
 r 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [17]
 1 1 1 a
8.   10. Let the terms in G.P. be , a , ar , where r  1
n(n  1) n  1 n r
2
2 2 2 a
   S 2     (a) 2  (ar )2
(n  1)(n  2) (n  2) (n  1) r

3 2 2  1   1  1 
   S 2  a 2  r 2  2  1  a2  r   1 r   1
(n  2)(n  3) (n  3) (n  2)  r   r  r 
- - - - ...(i)
- - - -
p a
- - - - Now , (S )   a  ar
2 r
(n  2) (n  2) (n  2)
  2
(n  n  3)(n  n  2) (n  n  2) (n  n  3) p 1 
 ( S )2  a 2   r  1 ...(ii)
___________________________________ 4 r 
Dividing equation (ii) by (i)
1 1 1 1 n2
 Sum     ...............  
n n 1 n  2 3 2 1
r  1
p r
n 1 1 1 1 1 n2  
 S 'n      ....   4 1
n n 1 n  2 r  1

s
2 3 2
r
1
 S 'n   
1 1  n 1 n  2
 .....    
tic
a
 1
 n n 1 3 2 2 2r  
p4 r

m
  

e
1 1 1 1 p4 2

h
 S 'n     .....     1

t
 n n  1 3 2 (By componendo-dividendo)
 S1n  Sn

M a rm a 
 1 p4
r   

e a
 r p4
E
 S 'n 
   1
JE iv .S h
- t
 Sn  p4 p4
T c .K  2 ( AM  GM )
Now ,
II
 2 or

je Er L
p4 p4
.
9. S   ,  ,
2

O
, .....  b  4  p  12 or
4
3
 p4

4 
 2  p   , 4   (4 , 12)
S   3 
  
1  number of integral values of 'p' are 9


2 11. s  a  b  c  d  e
 4   2  4(    )  0
   (s  a)  b  c  d  e

  2  4 (common difference of A.P.) = 0 

 bcd e
( s  a )  4(bcde)1/ 4 

 (bcde)1/ 4 
 4 
 2 
 common difference   
 4  1
   ( s  a )  4(bcde) 4 ...(i)

n   2   1
Now , sum of AP  2  (n  1)     Similarly , ( s  b)  4  acde  4 ....(ii)
2   4  
1
( s  c)  4  abde  4 ...(iii)
n  n 2  2 
  2    1
2  4 4  ( s  d )  4  abce  4 ...(iv)
1
n(n  1) 2 ( s  e)  4  abcd  4 ...(v)
 n   k 8
8
from inequations (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) and (v)

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [18]

 1
1 1 1 1

( s  e)( s  b)( s  c )( s  d )  (4)5 a 4 b 4 c 4 d 4 e 4  4 (d)  
3 9 27
 .....  
2
 ( s  a )( s  b)(s  c )( s  d )(s  c )  5 2
2 log5 / 2 (0.5)
 
abcde
  (4) Now ,  0.16 log5 / 2 (0.5)   
  5
 minimum value  (4)5  (4) n
 (0.5) 2  4
 n5

1 1
13. (a) log p  x  x  p 1 
12. (a) Let Tr  1  
r2 (r  1)2  x  x p  p

1
 Tr  1   
1  2
2  x p  p x  for p  x 
 
 r r  1  r (r  1) Squaring both sides
2
2  p 1 
 1   x 
 Tr    1  2 
 r ( r  1) 
Now , if p is prime number , then possible natural
1 1 values of x are 1 , 4 , 9 , .....

s
 Tr   1

c
r r 1  1 , 4 , 9 are not in AP or G.P..

Now ,
2009


Tr  (2009)  1 
1
ati (b) a1 , a2 , a3 are in A.P..

m
2010 a a 

e
r 1
 a2   1 3 

h
 2 

t
2009
 Sum  (2009) 

a a
(2010) a2 , a3 , a4 are in G.P..

   2010

E e M h arm  a2 
 a32  a2 a4  a4   3 

JE iv .S
Sum of all digits of   2  0  1  0 a 

t
 2
- K
IIT c .
=3

je Er .L
(b) Let the largest positive term of H.P. be Tn  2a32 

b
 a4  
 a  a 
 1 3

O
1 5  23 5 
   (n  1)   
Tn 2  12 2  Now , a3 , a4 , a5 are in H.P..

12 2a3 a5
 Tn   a4 
(37  7 n) a3  a5

37 2a32 2a3a5
 n  Tn  0   
7 a1  a3 a3  a5
 n5
a1 a3
 T5  6 is largest positive term of H.P..  
a3 a5
 /4
(c) I n  2  I n  n 2  a1 , a3 , a5 are in G.P..
 (tan x) (1  tan x )dx
0 tan 70  tan 20
(c) tan  70  20  
 /4 1  tan 70. tan 20
 /4
n 2 (tan x) n 1
  (tan x ) .(sec x )dx 
n 1  tan 50 
tan 70  tan 20
0 0 2

1 1  tan 20. tan 70  1

 I n  I n 2  or  (n  1)
n 1 I n  I n 2  2 tan 50  tan 20  tan 70
 2 tan 50  2 tan 20  tan 70  tan 20
1 1 1
 , , , .....form A.P. 1
I 2  I 4 I3  I 5 I 4  I 6   tan 50  tan 20   tan 70  tan 20 
2
Now , common difference = 1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [19]

  tan 70 , tan 50  tan 20 , tan 20 1 1 1
15. (a)   (a ) p1 ,   (b) p2 and   (c ) p3
are in A.P. 2 2 2
( x  a ) ( x  b) b a 2 2 2
(d)     p1  , p2  , p3 
b a ( x  a ) ( x  b) a b C

 ( x  a  b)  a( x  b)( x  a  b)   a , b , c in H.P.

b( x  a)( x  b  a)   0 a b a  b
(b) b c b  c  0

 ( x  a  b )( x ) (a  b ) x  a 2  b 2  0  2 1 0

a2  b2 Apply C3  C3   C1  C2
   ab ,   and   0
a b
a b 0
2 2
a b  b c 0 0
Now ,       a  b  0
ab 2 1 (1  2 )
2ab  (2  1)(b2  ac)  0
 c
ab
 1
 a , b c are in H.P..  b2  ac    

s
 2

tic  a , b , c are in G.P.

a
n (n  1) 1  n (n  1) (2n  1) 
14. (a)    a1  a4 a2  a3

m
2 5  6  (c) 

e
a1a4 a2 a3

h
 2n  1  15
 n7
at a

1 1
 
1 1


M m
a4 a1 a2 a3

r
2 3
10  n(n  1)(2n  1)   n(n  1) 
 
e a
(b)
E
 

JE iv .S h
9 6   2  1 1 1 1
   
- t
a4 a3 a2 a1
 n 2  n  20  0
IIT c .K
je Er .L  a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 are in H.P..
 n  4 , 5
 n4
2  O b
( n  N )

7
(d) 2  y  a  
2( y  x )( y  z )
2y  x  z
(c) 2 x
5   2  2x  
 2  ( y  a)(2 y  x  z )  ( y  x)( y  z )

 ( y  a)2  ( x  a)( z  a)
 2 2x

 8 22 x  4  0 
 ( x  a) , ( y  a) , ( z  a) are in G.P..
 x  3 or 2

x  2 makes log 3 2 x  5 undefined 

 x3
1.5
(d) Side length of Sn 
2
1.5
 Side length of Sn  n 1
 2
2
 
1.5 
Now ,  n1 
1

   2 


 2n  4.5  n  3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , .....

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [20]

 Chapter No -3 (Complex Numbers )

 z2  z3 
 z2  z3  2 z1   2  z1    1   1   1 2 2 2 2
1. arg    arg  z  z       
 z3  z2   3 2 
  1   1   1 2 2 2 2
 2  1 1
    2  3 2
 
 z2  z3 
 2  z1 
 arg    6. Let remainder be (az + b).
 z2  z3  z 
 2
2
  f ( z )  q( z )( z 2  1)  (az  b)
(where q(z) is quotient)
As f (i )  i and f (i )  1  i

s
 f (i )  0  ai  b  i ....(1)

tic f (i )  0  a(i )  b1  i ....(2)

m a 1 1
solve (1) and (2) a  i and b   i

e
2 2

at h a
1 1
 Remainder is  iz  i   .
2 2

M m
By coni's method
  90
E e ar
JE iv .S h 7. 1  1 z   2 z 2   n z n  2

IIT -
2. | z  6i |  2  z1 lies on circle
c t .K
zz
| z  4i |  
b je Er .L
  z2 lies on parabola
 2  1 | 1 | | z |  |  2 | | z |2  .... |  n | | z |n
 | |  3


 2i 
O
| z1  z2 |min  6
 1  3 | z | 3 | z |2  .... 3 | z |n  2
or 1  3 | z | 3 | z |2  ....   2

3. | z  2  2i |  | z | 2 2  1  3 | z | 3 | z |2  ....   2
 | z1  z2 |  | z1 |  | z2 |   |z| 
 1 3   2  3 | z |  1 | z |
complex number z and 2  2i are collinear with  1 | z | 
origin , and z lies in first quadrant
4 | z | 1
 1
 arg ( z )  | z |
4 4
 
Now , arg (i z )   arg ( z ) 
2 4
 z1  3z2  z1  3z2 
8.    1
     3  z1 z2  3  z1 z2 
4.    2
   
 z 2
2
 
 1 9 | z1 |2  0
3
5. ( x  1)  8  0  ( x  1)3  8  | z1 |  3 ; As | z2 |  1.

 (1  x)3  (2)3  x  1 ; 1  2 and 1  2 2

[21]
 9.
 z42  z2 z3
Im(z)
12. Let centre be zo

Z2 
(7+6i) zo  3i r i
  e 2 i
zo  2i  4 r
(6+5 i)
(1+2 i)
(3) 1
(6+2 i)
 zo  (5  9i )
(5) 2

Re(z)
2
13. a  b  c 2  (a  b  c 2 )(a  b 2  c )

 (a 2  b2  c2  ab  bc  ac)

z2 i
Now , let a = 1 and b  c  0.
In the above figure ,  e2
7  6i
 min .value  1.
 z2  6  7i
14. Apply rotation concept.
10. Let centre be

ics
t
Z1

m a
Z2 Co

t
Z0
h e
M a rm a
e
r
0
E
JE iv .S h a
IIT -
c t .K | z  7  9i |  3 2 .

je Er L


.
Co  0 2r i 4
  e

b
zo  0 2r 15. Apply rotation concept for pts. B and C.

 Co 
zo
2
(1  i ) Or
| zo |
2
zo |z |
 Circle is z (1  i )  o
2 2

11. Apply "Rotation Concept"

Z1 A

16.
O

B
Z2
C
Z3

Z4 D

BOD  DOC
12
z3  0 z4  0  z (5  12i )
  13
z4  0 z2  0

[22]
17. Min. value  30  26  4 
 CB  AB and CBA 
4
 ABC is isosceles

24.

18.
2a  8  1
e
2ae  4  2

A  8 3 Sq. units.
1
Area   (4  1)

s
6

c
i[  ]

i
19. z   | z | e 2 1

t


a
  Sq. units.
i 2
 1e i (1 2 )  e

m
2

 i .

t h e 25.
2 2 2
20. x  y  z  1 is incorrect.

M a rm a
e a
 x2  y2  z2  0 .
E
JE iv .S h
2
 2
  350 IIT -
c t
e Er L.K
 bj
.
21. z z z   z 


O
 ( x 2  y 2 ) 2( x 2  y 2 )  350

 ( x2  y 2 )( x 2  y 2 )  (7)(25)  (16  9)(16  9)

 Roots of the equation are  4  3i
Area  8  6  48 Square units. i

4 
0  3e 3 i
In above figure , 
 e2
22. Im( z n )  sin(n )  n  Q i 4
z  3e 4
(By De-Moivre's Theorem)
Now ,  
i i
 z  3e 4  4e 4
15
2 r 1
 Im( z
r 1
)  sin   sin 3  sin 5  ....  sin 29
z  3e
i

4  4e
i

4


sin(15 ).sin(15 ) sin 2 (30) 1 z  (3  4i )e
i
4
  
sin( ) sin(2) 4sin(2)

26. Given equation is (1  x)n  1


z1  z2 i
 n distinct roots of the equation lie on a circle of
23.  e 4
z3  z 2 radius 1 unit with centre at (–1 , 0)

  ( zr  1) n  1 ; where r   1 , 2 , 3 , .... n 
z3  z2 i
4
 e  | zr  1|  1
z1  z 2

[23]
  z  ( 2i  1)   29.
Now , arg  r 
 1  ( 2i  1)  4
 

As shown in the figure , QPC  45

s
 QCO  45 In any ABC , reflection of orthocentre about the

ic
side always lies on the circumcircle of triangle , hence

t
 z 1  

a
 arg  r point 'E' is orthocentre of ABC .
  arg ( zr  1) 
 O 1  4 4


m
| z | 1 (circumcentre Co is 0)

If there exist some zr for which arg ( zr  1) 

t h e 
4
, then

2k 

M a
must be for some k  1 , 2 , 3 , ....(n  1)
rm a
e a
n 4
E
JE iv .S h Now

- t
2k  
T c K
   n  8k
II .
2(0)  1( z E ) z1  z2  z3

je Er
n 4
L
 
now value of 'n' must be divisible by 8
. 3 3

O b
27. If complex points z1 , z2 , z3 form an equilateral
 z E  z1  z2  z3 .
In DCo C , CCo D  (  2C )
triangle , then z12  z22  z32  z1 z2  z2 z3  z3 z1 z3
  ei (  2c ) .... (i)
Let the third vertex by z1 z4
 5  12i  5  12i  z12  13  (6i) z1 In ACo B , BCo A  2C

 z12  (6i) z  3  0 z2
  ei 2 c .... (ii)
z1
 z1  (3  3)i
from (i) and (ii)

28. Let the real root by zo  z3  z2  i (  2c ) i 2c

    e .e
 z4  z1 
  zo2   zo    0 and  zo2   zo   must be
consistent z2 z3 z z
  ei  z4   2 3
   z4 z1 z1
  
  
If z1 is purely imaginary root then  z12   z1    0
30. Re( z (1  i))  2  x  y  2
and  z12   z1    0 mast be consistent
| z  i  2 | 3  ( x  2) 2  ( y  1) 2  9
   Im( z )  1  y 1
  
  

[24]
 From the figure , clearly statement (1) is true and
statement (2) is true (two skew-lines never meet each
other in 3-dimensional plane)
In figure , lines
y 3 y3 1
C1 :   3 and C2 :  meet at P.
x4 x2 3

34.

from the figure , n( P  Q  R)  1 and n( P  Q)  2

further ( PQ)2  ( PR)2  (QR)2

 | z  1  i |2  | z  5  i |2  36

s
31. Let arg ( z )  

 1 1 
tic
a
| z  3  2i |  | z |  cos   sin  
 2 2

m


 | z  3  2i | 
|z|

t
(cos   sin  )
h e
a a
2

 | z  3  2i | 
x y

E e M h arm | iz2  z1 |  | i || z2  iz1 |  | z2  iz1 |

JE iv .S
2  ( PQ)min  10  2  8

T -
c t
 z is equidistant from line x  y  0 and point
II .K
je Er
| z2 |max  (OR)  13  2
3  2i , hence z lies on parabola
.L
b
Statement (1) and (2) are true but explanation is not
 statement (1) is false

O
correct.
statement (2) is true

  35. If the equations z m  1  0 and z n  1  0 is having

i 
32. i  e 2  (i )i  e 2 only one common root , then m and n must be relatively
prime (i.e. G.C.D. of m and n = 1) but not necessarily to
    be different primes.
 cos 1  sin      cos 1 (1)  
  2   Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true
statement (1) is true
statement (2) is also true but not the explanation
for statement (1)

33.

[25]
 zz
1. Sum of all the nth roots unity is zero. 4. For complex number z1 , | z  2  2i | 
2
15
2 k 2k
   cos 16
k 0
 i sin
16

0

 | z  2  2i | Re( z ) .
From above condition geometrically it can be interpreted

17 34 that complex point z1 is equidistant from point 2  2i

 2 k 2k    i 2
i 
New   cos
 16
 i sin
16
  0  e  e
 
16


and the imaginary axis , and hence z1 lies on the
k 0  parabola as shown in figure no. (2)
2  From given condition , complex number z2 lies on the
i i
 1 e 16  1 e 8
circleof radius 2 and centre at – 4 + 2i
     
 1  cos   i sin  2cos 2  i 2sin .cos
 8 8 16 16 16

ics
t

  i16 

a
 2 cos e 
16  
 

em
t h
( n 1)

a
2. x n  1  ( x  1)  (x   )
a
k

M m
k 1

Taking natural logarithm of both sides and then

E e ar
differentiate.
JE iv .S h From figure no. (2) , minimum value of z1  z2 is AB
n( x )n 1 1 1
IIT -
c t .K  | z1  z2 |min  3

je Er
1 1
n
  
( x  1) ( x  1 ) ( x   2 )
.L
 ....
( x   n1 )

b
x 1

O
Now , putting x = 4 5. From figure no. (2) , minimum arg ( z2 ) is 
( n 1)
1 n(4)n 1 1 4  4n (3n  4)  | z2 |  OP
  (4  
k 1 k)
 
4n  1 3

12(4n  1) Now , OP 2  (OC )2  (CP)2  20  4  16
 | z2 |  4
2
3. In figure no (1) , BOA  , and OA  OB  1
n 6. From figure no. (2) , maximum value of | z2 | is OQ

 OP  cos
2  | z2 |max  OC  CQ   20  2 
2n

7. In figure no. (3) , RS is angular bisector of PRQ ,

and PS  SQ.


Now , radius of inscribed circle is cos2
n

  2 
 area   cos 2   cos  1
n 2 n 

[26]
  PR  ( PQ)2 7 15
10. tan  tan   ( 2  1)
 . 2 8 8
 PQ  ( PI )
 z  1  i ( 2  1)  
 PR  ( PQ )  zo lies on the curve arg  o  .
   z  2  1  i  4
 PI  ( PI )  o 
(Apply rotation theorem for point P) Using Coni's method , curves c1 and c2 are shown
 z  z  i    z  z  i   in figure no. (4).
  3 1  e 2  .  2 1  e 2 
z z z z
 4 1    4 1  

( z3  z1 )( z2  z1 ) ( z1  z2 )( z1  z3 )
 2

( z4  z1 ) ( z1  z4 ) 2

  IS  RS
8. In figure no. (3) , tan   and tan  
2  PS  PS

   IS   RS 
Now , tan   . tan     
2  PS   PS 
(Apply rotation theorem for point S)

ics

    4
z z
z  1 2
   
 i   z3  2
at
z1  z 2  
 i 
1 1 1
Required area  (2 )    (4)  (2)(2) 

m
2 2
 tan  .tan      e  .  e 2  2  4 2 

e
 2   z  z1  z2    z1  z1  z 2  

h
1
 2    2       2

 (2 z  z  z ) (2 z  z  z ) 
at a
 2 Sq. units

M m
  4 1 2 . 3 1 2  (i 2 )
 ( z1  z2 ) ( z1  z2 ) 

E e ar 11. Given condition represents an ellipse as shown in

JE iv .S h figure no. (5)

- t
 
 ( z1  z2 )2 tan  .tan    (2 z3  z1  z2 )( z1  z2  2 z4 )

IIT c .K
je Er
2

.L
9.
1  cos 

2 cos 2

2
O b
cos  cos 
from figure no. (3)

  PS 
2 cos 2 2 
2   PI   PQ 
 PS  
cos   PS   2 
 
 PR   AB  AC  10  2a (definition of ellipse)
Now , 2ae  BC  8
2( PS ).( PR)  PQ  PR 
     ae  4 and a  5
( PI ) 2  PI  PI 
from solution of question no. (7) , 4
 eccentricity (e) 
5
 PR  PQ  ( z1  z2 )( z1  z3 ) 
     16 
 PI  PI  ( z1  z4 )2   b2  a 2 (1  e 2 )  25 1    9
 25 
  PR  PQ    b3
 ( z1  z4 ) 2       ( z2  z1 )( z3  z1 )
  PI  PI   1
 Maximum area of ABC  (8)  3  12
 1  cos   2
 ( z1  z4 )2    ( z2  z1 )( z3  z1 )
 cos   Perimeter  ( AB  AC )  BC  10  8  18

[27]
   12  ( z3  z2 )2 ( BC )2
 3(in radivs)  3    3    4  
S 9 ( z3  z1 )( z1  z2 ) ( AC )( AB)
In figure no. (6) ; AC = AB and BC = 2BD
i
12. As | z |  1 , let z  e , where arg ( z )   . 2
( z3  z2 )2 4( BD)2  BD 
  2
 4 
 1  i
2  ( z3  z1 )( z1  z2 ) ( AB )  AB 
arg  z 2  z .z 3  arg  ei 2  e 3 
        BD 
    In ABC , sin    
Now 
 1  i   2   BA 
arg  z 3  arg  e 3 
   
     ( z3  z2 ) 2  2  
   cosec    4
 ( z3  z1 )( z1  z2 )  2
 i 2  i 4 i
4 
arg  e 3 e 3  e 3   k 4
  
  

 i  14. From given conditions , | z1 |  2 , | z2 |  3 , | z3 |  4
arg  e 3 
   8 27 64 
  8 z2 z3  27 z3 z1  64 z1 z2  z1 z2 z3    
 z1 z2 z3 
 i 2  4
  arg  2 cos 
ics
t
arg  e 3  8z 27 z2 64 z3 
 z1 z2 z3  1     zz  | z | 2

a
   3  z z z z 64 z3 z3 
    11 2 2

m
 i 

e
arg  e 3   z1 z2 z3  2 z1  3 z2  4 z3 

h
 

t
  Now


2 0
M a rm a 8 z2 z3  27 z3 z1  64 z1 z2  z1 z2 z3  2 z1  3 z2  4 z3 

e a
 3  | z1 || z2 || z3 || 2 z1  3z2  4 z3 | ( | z |  | z |)

2
E
JE iv .S h
- t
 (2)(3)(4)(4)  96
3
IIT c .K
je Er .L k

b
 k  96 and 6
16

O
1
13. BAC   ;   (   )
2
15. (a) | 2 z cos   z 2 |  | 2 z cos  |  | z |2

 3  | 2 z |  | z |2

 | z |2 2 | z | 3  0
 (| z | 3)(| z | 1)  0
 |z| 1

(b) ( z  z )( z  z ) | z |2  1200
Apply rotation theorem for points B and C
 4 | xy | ( x2  y 2 )  1200  4(12)(25)
z1  z2  BA  i
 e .... (i)
z3  z2  BC   | x || y | ( x2  y 2 )  (4)(3)(42  32 )

z2  z3  CB  i Now vertices are 3  4i ,  4  3i

 e .... (ii)
z1  z3  CA   Area  62 Sq. units.
Divide equation (ii) by (i) (c) Let z  x  iy
2
( z3  z2 )  CB  BC   (8x  2 y )  i (2 x  6 y  26)  0

( z1  z2 )( z1  z3 )  CA  
 BA   8 x  2 y  0 and 2 x  6 y  26  0
 x  1 ; y  4 , Now zz  17

[28]
 (d) | z1  z2  z3 |2  | z1 |2  | z2 |2  | z3 |2 
z1 z2  z1 z2  z2 z3  z3 z2  z3 z1  z1 z3

  2(| z |
1
2
 | z2 |2  | z3 |2 )  z1 z2 

z1 z2  z2 z3  z2 z3  z3 z1  z3 z1 

 | z1  z2  z3 |2  | z1 |2  | z2 |2  | z3 |2

 | z1  z2  z3 |2  9  9  9

 27 | z1  z2  z3 |2  27

16. (a) z 3 ( z  1)  z  1  0

 ( z  1)( z 3  1)  0

 roots are 1 ,   ,   2

1 ,   ,   2 form an equilateral triangle on the

s
complex plane.
(b) Let z  x  iy

tic
a
 | 2iy |  | 2 x |  4
 | x |  | y | 4

em
h
 Locus of z is Square
z5  1

at a
M
(c) 0 z 1
z 1
rm
 z 5 1  0
E e
JE iv .S h a
- t K
Roots are complex 5th roots of unity
i
2
i II
4T c
je Er
i
.L.6
i
8

b
 ze 5 ,e 5 ,e 5 ,e 5

O
Above roots form trapezium on complex plane
(d) z 4 ( z 2  1)  ( z 2  1)  0

( z 4  1)( z 2  1)  0

( z 4  1) 2 ( z 2  1)  0
z   1 ,  i  Square on complex plane.

[29]
 Chapter No -4 (Binomial Theorem )

21
1. Let the term independent of x be Tr 1 5. C5  22C5  23C5  .....  30C5
r 21 21
 cos   Adding C6 and subtrating C6
 Tr 1  10Cr ( x sin  )10r  
 x    C  C  C  .....  C  
21
6
21
5
22
5
30
5
21
C6
10 10 r r 10  2 r
 Tr 1  Cr (sin  ) (cos  ) ( x)
Now , 10  2r  0  r  5
 Now , using property C  C n
r
n
r 1  n 1Cr 
 6th term is independent of x.   C  C  .....  C   C
22
6
22
5
30
5
21
6
10
C5
T6  10 C5 (sin  .cos  )5  (sin 2 )5  31 C6  21C6
25
Alternative approach :
10
C5 (10)! Coefficient of x 5 in

s
maximum value  

c
5 2 5

i
2 (5!) (2)

t
(1  x) 21
 (1  x) 22  .....  (1  x)30 
20

m a 10
 (1  x )  1

e
20 20  Coeff. of x5 in (1  x)21  
2.  Cr  2

h
 (1  x )  1 

t
r 0

 2  20
 a rm a
C0  20 C1  ....  20 C10  2 20  20 C10

M

 (1  x )31  (1  x)21 
Coeff. of x5 in 
 x


 20
E
JE iv .S e h
C0  20C1  .....  20C10  219  19C9
a 31
C6  21C6 .
- t


IIT c .K
e
   bj  Er 
.L
3. (1  2 x)6 (1  x)7 6. Using the property ,
n
C02  nC12  n C22  n C32  .....(1)n n Cn2

O    
Coeff of x5  6
C0  7C5  2 6C1 7
C4  4 6C2  7 C3
(1) n / 2 ; if n is even

6
 8 .C3  7 6
C2  16 C4  C1  32 C5 7 6 7
C0  0 ; if n is odd.

 (21)  (420)  (2100)  (3360)  ( 1680)  (192)} Let S  3a02  7a12  .....  67a16
2
.... (i)
 171 {Using the reverse technique}
2 2
S  67a16  63a15  .....  3a02 .... (ii)
n n n
4. Let the binomial coefficients be Cr , Cr 1 , Cr  2 Adding (i) and (ii)
 n
Cr : n Cr 1 : nCr  2  1: 7 : 42 
2 S  70 a02  a12  a22  ....  a16
2

n

Cr 1
n

7

nr
7  
2 S  70 ( 1)8 .16 C8 
Cr 1 r 1
 S  35.16 C8 or 35(a8 )
 n  8r  7 ..... (i)
n n  1  r ln10 
Cr  2 42 r n
Similarly , n
Cr 1

7
7.  (1) . C .  (1  ln10 )
r 0
r n r 

n  r 1 n
 6 r n 1
r2   (1) . C . (1  n ln10)
r 0
r r

 n  7r  13 ..... (ii)
from (i) and (ii) , r = 6 and n = 55 n
r n (r ln10)
 (1) . C
r 0
r
(1  nln10)r

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [30]

 n 10
 1  1
 1    (ln10) n.  
 1  n ln 10  2
   10  10
1

1

n 1 2  1 1023
r n 1 1 1 
 (1) .
r 1
Cr 1.
(1  n ln 10) r
2

 n n n 1  n 1
Using , Cr  . Cr 1 
 r  11. 
0i  j  n
j. n Ci   r 0
n
Cr (r  1)  (r  2)  ....  (n)
n
 n ln 10  (n). ln10
    n 1
1  n ln 10 (1  n ln10) n  (n  r )   n 
   
r 0
Cr 
 2
(n  r  1)   Sn  T1  Tn  
  2 
n
r 1 n 1 1
 (1) . Cr 1
(1  n ln 10)r 1
n 1
n  n (n  r ) r r 2 
r 1  
r 0
Cr 
 2
  
2 2
n 1
(nln10)n n ln10  1 
  1   n 1 n 1 n 1
(1  n ln10) n
(1  nln10)  1  n ln10  1  n n

  n ( n  1).  C r  r . C r   r 2 . n Cr  
2  r 0 r 0 r 0 

s
n n
(nln10) (nln10)

c
  0

i
n
(1  n ln10)n 1

t
(1  nln10)  n(n  1).(2n  1)  n(2n 1  1)  n( n  1)(2) n  2  n 2 
a
2

m
8. (1  x  x2  x3 )11  n(3n  1).2n 3

(1  x)(1  x ) 2

11

t h e
a

a
2n
n
   12. 1  x  x 2  ar ( x) r

M rm
4 11 2 11
 Coeff. of x in (1  x) .(1  x )

   JE   e  Sha
r 0

E
- tiv K.
  11
C0  11
C2  11
C2 11
C1  11
C4 11
C0  (1  x  x 2 )n  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  a3 x3 

 55  55(11)  330(1) IIT

ec
j Er .L. ....  a2n x2n ....(i)

n 1
 990.

O b Replace x by 
1
x
n 2 n
9.  Cr 1

 1 1  a1 a2 a3 a2n
 1   2   a0   2  3  ....  2 n ...(ii)
r 2  x x  x x x x
 n 2C1  n  2 C2  ....  n 2Cn Multipliying (i) and (ii) , then compare the coefficient
of x 0 in both sides.
 2n  2   n 2
C0  n  2 Cn  2  n  2Cn 1 
 Coeff of x 0 in
n 2
 2  1  1  (n  2) n 2n
n  1 1 
 2 n 2
n4  1 x  x2  1  x  2  
 x 
 (1) .a r
r
2

r 0
 4(2n  1)  n
 Required sum = coeff. of x 0 in
n
10  1  3 r  7 r    x 2  x  1  
10.  (1)r . 10 Cr  r        .....  
2 4 8 

 1 x  x
2
 
x2
 
r0      
n
 1  3
10
 7
10 10  x 4  x2  1 
  1    1    1    .....   Coeff. of x 0 in  
 2  4  8  x2 
10 10 10 n
1 1 1
          .................... 
 Coeff. of x 2n in x 4  x 2  1  
2
  4
  8
 Required sum  an

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [31]

 13. If last digit of 3n is 9 then 'n' must be of the  Im  1  eix
n 
form 4k + 2 
  

 (3)4 k  2  9(3)4 k  9(81) k   i x  i x x
i 
n

 Im  e 2  e 2  e 2  
Now , (3)4k  2  (9)2k 1  (10  1) 2k 1   
  

 (3)4 k  2  100 M  2 k 1C2 k (10)( 1) 2 k  1  n
 ix  x 
 (3)4 k  2  100M  (2k  1)(10)  1  Im  e 2  2 cos  
  2  

 (3)4 k  2  100M  20k  10  1
 n x
x  in 
 (3) 4k  2
 100M  20k  9   Im   2 cos  .e 2 
 2 
 
If second last digit (i.e. digit at ten's place) is 0 then
(20k) is multiple of 100 n
 x   n x
 "k must be multiple of 5"   2cos  . sin 
 2  2 
 n  4k  2  4(5M )  2
n
 n  20M  2  x nx
 2n.  cos  .sin
 (n  2)  20M  (n  2) is divisibleby  2  2
2 , 4 , 5 , 10 , 20

i cs
14. If T is only numerically greatest , then
a t 
17. Let   2  3 
n
I f .... (i)

T T
e m
 
n

h
 1 and 1 Now , 2 3  f ' , where f '  (0 , 1) ,

t
T 1 T 1

 n   2 
 
 
 | x |  1 and 
 1
M
1a a
 rm 
  f  (0 , 1) and I  

e

a
n n
  1   n   1  | x | 
E
JE iv .S h
2 3  2 3  I  f  f '  2 (Integer)
  1 
 
 
 | x |  
IIT

-
c t .K  f  f ' is an integer..

je Er

 n    2   n    1 
.L As 0  ( f  f ')  2 , f  f '  1  f '  (1  f )
If x  N and   n , then
n 1
xn O b  (1  f )  f '  (2  3)n .... (ii)

2  Value of        2         
If n = 5 ; x = 3 , 4
  1         1  f 
If n = 10 ; x = 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9
If n = 7 ; x = 4 , 5 , 6 n n
If n = 8 ; x = 4 , 5 , 6 , 7    f '  2  3   2  3 1
 Required value of n = 7

n
15.  n1
Cn  r .n2 Cr  Coeff of x n in (1  x )n1  n2 18. a1  (1)  C    C  (1)  n  m  10 .... (i)
n
1
m
1
r 0
a2  (1)  C     C  C   C (1)
n
2
m
1
n
1
m
2
 Sum = Coeff of x n in (1  x)40
 maximum sum exist at n = 20 n(n  1) m(m  1)
  mn   10 .... (ii)
2 2
16.  n
C0 (0)  n C1 (sin x)  n C2 (sin 2 x)   n 2  m 2  n  m  2mn  20
Putting n  (m  10) in relation (ii)
n

C3 (sin 3 x )  ..... n Cn (sin nx)
 (m  10)2  m2  (m  10)  m  2m(m  10)  20
  n
Required sum = imaginary part of  n Cr .ei r x    m  35 and n  45
 r 0 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [32]

   n  999
19. Let S   (r  1) x r  Sign of equality can hold , an  an 1
r 0
 for maximum an , n  999 or 1000.
 S  1  2 x  3x 2  ........  2 n 1
2
( x)S  x  2 x  ......... 

22. 5  3 3     ; 0   1

_________________________ 2 n 1

Let 5  3 3    ' ; 1   '  0
(1  x)S  1  x  x 2  ......... 
Now      '  2 (integral value)
1
 S     ' is integer
(1  x ) 2
  '0   1     '  1
 ( S ) 5  (1  x)10 Now ,
8 10
Now , Coeff. of x  C8  45
 2  2 n 1
C0 (5) 2 n 1  2 n 1C2 (5)2 n 1 3 3  
2
 ....

20.  x  1   x  1  x
3 2
 x 1   
 2 n 1C2 n (5) 3 3
2n

  1/3

3

1    1/ 3
1   2 /3
 1/3

1

s
   10{Integer}


 2/3
(  1)
 1/3
1 

 1   1/3  ic
 at 
  is divisible by 10.

2
(   )  5  3 3
2 2 n 1

em
h
t a  
 1 2 n 1 2 n 1
Similarly ,   1/ 2  1     25  27  30 3 
 52  30 3 
a
1/ 2
 1

M rm
10 2 n 1
 22 n 1 26  15 3

E ive .Sh
  1  1 
 
   1/ 2
 2 /3 1/ 3
   1 
 

J E a
 t
-     2 is divisible by (2)2n1

IIT c  .K
je Er
10

L
 1 1/3 

.
1/ 2
 1/ 2   1  1    n 1
Cr  n 1Cr 1  nCr

b
  23. Using property ,



1 1
 1   2  1   3 
 

O 10
 1 1

  2   3 




10
 An 
n

r 0
n 1  2r 
Cr  n 1Cr 1 cos 
 n 


n n
n 1  2r  n 1  2r 
 T  10C  1
 1 
 2 
10   1
 1
3
  
 1
 
r 0
Cr .cos 
 n
 
 r 0
Cr 1 cos 
 n 

   
    (for validity of binomial coeff , adjust the limits)
If T is independent of  , then n 1
 2r 
n
 2r 
n 1 n 1

1 1
 
r 0
Cr cos 
 n 
 
r 1
Cr 1 cos 
 n 

 10    1     1  0
2 3
 An  Bn  Bn
  7
 An  2 Bn
 T  T7  10C6 (1)6  210.

Now A6  6C0 .cos(0)  6C1.cos   
3
21. If an is greatest then an  an 1
6  2  6  6 
(10)3n (10)  
3 n 1 C2 cos    ....  C6 cos  
   3   3 
n! (n  1)!
1
(10) 3n
(10) (1000) 3n
 6 C0 
2
 C   12 
6
1
6

C2  6 C3 
 
n! (n  1)(n !) 6  1 16
C4        6C6
 n  1  1000  2 25
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [33]
 1  n
 n 1 (1  x) n  r 1  
6 1  1 6
 1   (15)  20  15      1
 Sum 
2n
 Coeff.of x in 
 
2 r 1


2 2  2 2   r 1  

 A6  27 1
 Sum 
2n
Coeff.of x 2
in ' S ' 
7
7  r  1 27
B8   Cr .cos 
 4
  2  A8    2
  Sum 
1
(2 n )  1
r 0
2n

 1  x 0  1  x 1 n
 1  x   25. Tn 1  Tn
24. S  (1  x )n  
    ....   
 2   2   2    nCn 2 ( x)n 2  n Cn 1 ( x) n1
n n
  1  x  n 1  Cn  2 C2 n (n  1) n  1
 x n
 n
 
   1 Cn 1 C1 2( n ) 2
 2  
 (1  x )n   
  1  x   n 1 
  1   x
  2   
   2 
 n can be 11 or 7.
(1  x )n
 (1  x) 
s
n 1
 S  2n 1 ( x  1)1

ic
n
2 13

t
26. Total number of terms in x  y 2    14
 
a
 1  x  x 2  ....   (1  x ) 1

m
14
Total number of terms in x 2  y 
e
 15
1
2  
h
n 1
S (1  x )n  (1  x) 2n 1 1  x  x 2  ...

t
2n 13
 
a
If Tm 1 and Tn 1 are common term in x  y 2 and
2n (S )
a

1  x  x 2  .... 

E e

M h a
 m
 2n 1 (1  x)n  (1  x)2 n 1
r  x2  y
14
respectively , then

JE iv .S
 2n ( S )  n 1 n

IIT -
2n 1

ct .K
( x) m ( y 2 )13 m  ( x 2 ) n ( y)14 n

je Er
 lim    (2 (1  x )  (1  x ) )

.L
2 p
p  1  x  x  .... x 
   m  2n , 26  2m  14  n
Now , coeff. of x in
1
n

O  b  m  2n , n  2m  12
 n  2(2n)  12
'S ' 
2 n 2 . n 1 n
Cn  n Cn 1  ....  1 
 n  4 and m  8

 2 n 1
Cn  2n 1Cn 1  .... 2n1C0   T9 of ( x  y 2 )13 and T5 ( x2  y)14 will add up to
make one different term.
1  n 1 n 1 2 n 1   total no. of distinct terms
 Coeff of x n  2
2n 
2  2
2
  



 (14  15  2)  1
22n  28
 n
 2 n.  Statement (i) and (ii) are true and the reasoning is
2
apprapriate.
n n r
1 n r r
 nr
Cr  
2
27. For rational term , Tr 1  n Cr  2  7 3

r 0
10  r r

1
n
nr 1
r
If n  10 , Tr 1  10 Cr (2) 2 .(7) 3

2 n r 0
Cn  
2  r 0, 6
 Statement (i) is true.
1

2n
Coeff. of x n
in 9 r r
If n  9 , Tr 1  9 Cr (2) 2 (7) 3
 n 1 n 1 1 n 2 1 2n   r 3, 9
 (1  x )  (1  x)  2 (1  x ) ....  n (1  x )  
 2 2 2 
 n  9 is also applicable and hence statement (ii)
is false.
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [34]
 2n (2 n)! 2 n(2 n  1)(2n  2)(2 n  3) ....3.2.1
Cn  
23  2 23 ( n !) 2
( n !) 2
1 1
28.  x 2  
 2   x  


2 x
 x    (2) 2 ( n!) (2 n  1)(2 n  3)(2 n  5)....5.3.1

46 (n !)2
 1
 x 
 x 2n 
n 
 Coeff of x0  46C23
 
(n !)  r 1(2r  1)  n  N

 Statement (i) and (ii) are true but the reasoning is  Statement (2) is true but not the reasoning
not appropriate. for statment (1).

n
29.  n
Cr (a)r (b)n  r .cos  (n  r ) A  rB 
r 0

n
= Real part of  n
Cr (a) r (b) n  r (e)i  ( n  r ) A rB 
r 0

n

Cr ae iB
r
  be 
i
iA n  r

cs
t
n
= Real part of 
a
r 0

em
n
 iB

= Real part of ae  be
iA


at h a
= Real part of  a cos B  i a sin( B )  b(cos A)  ib sin A 
n

= Real part of  c  i ( a sin B  b sin A) 

E e M h arm n

JE iv .S
- t
 a b 
T c K
= Real part of (c )n  
II .


je Er L
 sin A sin B

.
 (c)n
Statement (i) is false.
O b
50 (50)!
30. C25 
(25!)2

 50   50   50   50   50 
E2 (50!)               
 2   4   8   16   32 
 25  12  6  2  1
 E2 (50!)  46

 25   25   25   25 
E2 (25!)            
 2   4   8   16 
 12  6  3  1
 22
Similarly , E3 (50!)  22 and E3 (25!)  10
Now , maximum exponent of 18 in 25! = 22
maximum exponent of 18 in 25! = 10
 maximum value of n = 2
 Statement (i) is true.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [35]

 1. f ( x)  g ( x  1) n 6 1
1 r 6 1
2n 2n
 lim
n  n

r 1
   x dx 
 n  7
  ar ( x ) r   br ( x  1)r 0

r 0 r 0

Comparing coefficient of x n on both sides   m   m  1  n  m  1 

5. P (m , n)  m !       ....   
  m   m   m  
 an  bn  n

Cn  bn 1  n 1

Cn  .... b2 n  2n
Cn 
m m 1
{Replace Cm by Cm 1 and then apply
 bk  1  k  n
n
Cr  n1Cr 1  n 1Cr }
an   n
Cn  n 1 Cn  n  2Cn  ....  2 n Cn 
 n  m  
 P (m , n)  m !

s
{ replace n Cn by n1Cn1 and use n Cr  nCr 1  n1Cr } 

c
 m  1  
 an  n1Cn1  n 1Cn  n 2Cn  ....  2n Cn

 an  2n1Cn1 or 2 n 1
ati  (n  2)(n  1)(n) 
 P (2 , n)  2! n  2C3  2! 

m
Cn  3! 

2. Put x  i where i 2  1
t h e  P(2 , n ) 
1
 n(n  1)(n  2) 

a
3
a
M m
 f (i)  (1  i  i 2 )n  a0  a1i  a2  a3i  a4  a5i... Now ,

E e ar n
S2  n S1  (12  22  32  ....  n2 )  (1  2  3  ....  n)

JE iv .S h
Now (i )n   a0  a2  a4  a6 ....  i  a1  a3  a5 ....

IIT -
c t .K  n
S 2  n S1 
n(n  1)(2 n  1) n (n  1)


je Er
{Apply modulus to both sides ; | z |  a 2  b 2 }
.L 6 2

b
2
 1   a0  a2  a4  a6  ....  (a1  a3  a5 ....)2 1

O
 n(n  1) 2 n  1  3
 Required sum = 1 6
1
 n (n  1)(n  2)
3. (1  x  x2 )n  a0  a1 x  a2 x 2  ....  a2n x 2n ....(i) 3
( x  1) n  nC0 xn  n C1 x n1  nC2 xn 2  .... nCn (1) n  P(2 , n)  n S2  n S1.
.... (ii)
Multiply (i) and (ii) and then comparing coefficient n
6. S3  3. n S2
n
of x on both sides
2
 a0n C0  a1nC1  a2nC2  ....(1) n an n Cn  n(n  1)   n(n  1)(2n  1) 
   3 
 2   6 
n 2 n
= Coeff of x n in ( x  1) (1  x  x )
n(n  1)  n(n  1) 
   (2n  1) 
= Coeff of x n in ( x3  1) n 2  2 
 n C n or n C 2 n n(n  1)  n2  5n  2 
3 3   
2  2 

 n S  6 6 6 6
 (1)  (2)  (3)  ....  (n)  1
4. lim  76   lim   Now , P (3, n)  3! n  3C4   (n  3)(n  2)(n  1)(n)
n   n  n  
   ( n) 7  4
n(n  1)
6 6 6 6 P (1 , n)  n 1C2 
1  1   2   3   n   2
 lim          ....    
n  n  n  n n  n  


Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [36]

 n 1
2
 n  5n  6  9. Cn 2  100  n1Cn 2
 P(3 , n)  2 P (1 , n)  n(n  1)   1
 4   n 1
C3  100  n1 C1
 P(3 , n)  2 P(1 , n)  n S3  3. n S2 ( n  1)( n)( n  1)
  ( n  1)  100
6
n 2 n 2  (n  1)(n  3)(n  2)  600
 nC  n  r 1
7. 
r 1
 C 
3
r . n r  
 r 1 
 r .
r 1
3
r

 Now values of 'n' can be 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8. (n  1)
 possible number of values = 7
n n
  r  r  (n  1)  
2
 r 3
 2(n  1)r 2  (n  1)2 .r  30
r 1 r 1
r 1 r 30
2
10.  (1)
r 1
.
r 1
. Cr
 n(n  1)   n(n  1)(2n  1) 
   2(n  1)  
 2   6  30
r 1  ( r  1)  1  30
 n(n  1) 
  (1) 
 (r  1) 
 Cr
(n  1) 2  
r 1
 2  30 30 30
Cr
2 2 2 3   (1)r 1 . 30 Cr   (1) r 1
.
n (n  1) n(n  1) (2n  1) n (n  1) (r  1)
   r 1 r 1

s
4 3 2

ic
30 30

t
r 1 1 r  1 31
 n 2n  1 n  1   (1)  (1)r . 30 Cr   (1) . . . Cr 1

a
 n(n  1)2     r  1 31
4 3 2  r 1 r 1

n(n  1)2 (n  2)
em 1
30

h
 1  (1  1)30  (1)r 1.31 Cr 1

t

12 31 r 1

 n(n  1)2 (n  2)  12(540)

M a rm a 1 0 
1 31
C2  31C3  31C2 ....31 C31 
2
 n(n  1) (n  2)  8(8  1) (8  2)  6480
E e
JE iv .S h a2 31

- t K
1
T c r.L  
 n  8.
II .
1 0  0  31C0  31C1

je
31

b E
100 100 100 100
8. a  C2 , b  C3 , c  C4 , d  C5 1 30

O
1 30  1 
31 31
b 2  ac a
 1
c 2  bd c   10(3)  1
1
31
b c b c    3
ab    
 a b a a b 
   
c d c cd  11. (a) (1  x)20  20C0  20C1 x  20C2 x 2 .... 20C20 x 20
cb    
b c  b c 
Multiply by x 2 both sides and then integrate from
 100 100 0 to 1
C3 C4   98 97 
 100
 100
  1
a C2 C3  a  3 4 
   2 20
c

100




C4 100 C5  c  97  96 

  x (1  x) dx 
 0
 100
C3 100 C4   4 5 

1

 
20
C0 x 2  20 C1 x3  ....  20 C20 x 22 dx
 101 
0
a  12  5a
  
c  101  3a 1 20
  C0 20 C1 20
C2 20 C20
x 2 (1  x )20 dx 
 20  

0
3

4

5
....
23
   5 and   3
1
   2 Required sum  x 2 (1  x)20 dx
 
0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [37]

 (Using integration by parts) 5
2
 
1
  (1  x )21   (1  x )22   (1  x ) 23    log 9 x1  7   1 
  x2    2x   2  
12. (a) T6  7 C5  3 3   1 
   (21)(22)   (21)(22)(23)       log5  3 1 
x 1
  21       0  5 5  
2 1  1 
 
(21)(22)(23) (11)(21)(23) 
 7 C5 9 x 1  7  x 1 
 3 1

30 30 30
(b)  r. 30
Cr
  r.
30  r  1 
 

21 32 x  2  7   84  T6  84 
Cr 1 r  x 1
r 1 r 1 3 1
30
30(31) 32 x  3x 
  r 1
(31  r )  30(31) 
2

9
 7  4   1

 3


 465.
 3x  3 
 32 x  63  36 
2 2 2  3 
(c) Let S   10
C0  2  10
C1   ....  11  10
C10   

2 2 2  32 x  12(3) x  27  0
S  11  10
C10   10  10
C1   ....   10
C0 
 3 x

 9 3x  3  0 
s
2S  12  10
C0  2 10
C12 10
 .... C10 2


t ic  x  1 or 2

a
10
2
(b) (7)283  7(49)141
 Sum(S )  6   10
Cr
r 0

e m  7(50  1)141
 20!  6(20)(19!)
 6  
2 
 (10!)  100(9!)
2

at h 
a
  7 (50) 2 M  141(50)  1  100 K  49343

E e M h arm  (100 P )  43

JE iv .S
6  (19!)   second last digit is 4
  
- t
5  (9!)2 
T c .K
8

II
(c) (1  x 2  x 3 )8  1  x 2 (1  x) 

je Er .L
10
(1)r .10 Cr
(d) 
r 0
(4r  1)
10 10 O10
b 10   2 10 10
 8C0  8C1 x2 (1  x)  .... 8C4 x8 (1  x )4  8C5 x10 (1  x)5

 ............ 8 C8 x 2 (1  x ) .
8
(1  x)  C0  C1 x  C2 x ....  C10 x
10
Replace x by x 4 and then integrate from 0 to 1. Coeff of x appear in 5th and 6th terms
1  Coeff of x10  8C4 (6)  8C5 (1)
4 10
  (1  x
0
) dx   476
Now , 476 is NOT divisible by 5 and 3
1 105
 1 
 
10
C0  10 C1 x 4  10 C2 x8  .... 10 C10 x 40 dx (d)  1  5 
0
 10 
n
 10 C0 10 C1 10 C2 10 C10   1
    lim 1    e
....  n   n
 1 5 9 41 
105
1  1 
4 10  1  5  e
 (1  x )
0
dx  10 
105
 1 
1  3 , 4 , 5 is more than  1  5 
Required sum  (1  x 4 )10 dx  10 
 
0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [38]

 Chapter No -5 (Permutation and Combination )

1. Required no. of words for a and p , 36 cases are possible and for remaining ,
={total arrangements of the word. – Rank of word.} 55 cases are possible for each.
 Total number of ways of forming x and y
T!
 Total no. of arrangements   2520.  36  55  55  55  55
2!
Rank of word 'GHAJINI' : A , G , H , I , J , N no. of words  36(55) 4

6!
starting with A   360 number of words starting 5. Let students P and Q refuse to be together and students
2!
A and B wish to be together only.
5! Case 1 : If A and B are selected , then total number of
with GA   60 number of words starting with
2! 8
Selections  ( C2  2C1.8 C1 )  44
GHAI = 3! = 6 next two words are GHAJIIN and   
P and Qboth Extactly one of
GHAJINI not in team. P , Q is in team.

 Rank  (360  60  6  2)  428 Case 2 : If A and B are not selected , then total number
Required number of words  2520  428  2092.

ics 8
C4  2C1.8 C3 )  182

t
of selections  (   

a
P and Q both Extactly one of
2. Number of ways of selection of at least two and at not in team. P , Q is in team.

most ( n  1) chocolates from (2n + 2) distinct

em from cases (1) and (2) , total number of teams = 44 + 182

h
= 226.

t
chocolates = S

a a
n 1

M
2n 2
 6. According to question lcm( ,  )  p 2 .q 4 .r 3. For
m
 S Cr
r 2

E e ar
JE iv .S h
lcm ( ,  ) to contain p 2 , the passible powers of p in
As
2n 2
C0  2 n 1C1  ....
IIT
2n  2
-
c t .K
Cn 1  .... 2 n  2Cn  2  2 2 n  2
 and  are (0 , 2) , (1 , 2) , (2 , 2) , out of these all

je Er L
 
. except (1 , 1) can be interchanged for  and  .

b
(middle term)

O
1 1  total numbers of ways for  ,  to contain
2n  2
 C0  2 n 1C1  .... 2 n 1Cn 1  (2)2 n  2  2 n 1Cn 1
2 2 different powers of p  2(3)  1  5.

 S  22n 1  2 n1Cn  (2n  3) Similarly , total numbers of ways for  ,  to contain

different power of q and r are 9 and 7 respectively.
 2(4) n
 2 n 1Cn  2n  3 .   Total ordered pairs  5  9  7  315.

3. Expression can be written as : 7. x1  x2  x3  19 or x1  x2  x3  20

 Total numbers of non-negative integral solutions
(1  x) 2007

.(1  x  x 2 ) 2007 .(1  x)
 19 31C31  20 31C31
 (1  x)(1  x3 )2007
21
 C2  22C2  441.
3 2007 3 2007
 (1  x )  x(1  x )
    ....(1)
"all powers of x "all powers of x 8. Total numbers of arrangements
are of form 3r " are of form 3r 1" = 10! .... (1)
In power of x1502 , 1502 is of form (3r  2) , which is
not possible in expansion of (1).
 Coefficient of x1502  0 {check for option (4)}.

4. Let five digit numbers x and y be abcde and pqrst. If

addition if ( a  p) , (b  q ) , (c  r ) , ( d  s) , (e  t ) are
not greater than nine then carrying operation is not
required , further (a + p) can not be zero with a , p  0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [39]

 If Mr. and Mrs. Batliwola sit together , then favourable- 13. L1 , L2 , L3 contain 2 , 4 , 8 points on it respectively..
erable cases are (1 , 2) , (2 , 3) , (3 , 4) , (4 , 5) , (6 , 7) , Maximum number of triangles  14C3  4C3  8C3

(7 , 8) , (8 , 9) and (9 , 10). = 304
 Number of arrangements in which Mr. and Mrs.

Batiwala sit together   8


C1  2!  8!  16(8!) ....(2)
14. Total number of surjections  D4
Now , required number of arrangements
 case (1) – case (2) D4  number of derangements of 4 object
 10! 16(8!)  8!(74).  1 1 1 1
 D4  4!1     
 1! 2! 3! 4! 
9. Box B1 Box B2
1 9 3
 4!   9
2 8 8
3 7
4 6 15. Digit 0 cannot be used for the 5 digit number
5 5
  9

C5  1 is the required number of five digit
If Box B1 and B2 interchange , it doesn't given new numbers.
placement ( Arrangement is only possible in one way}
 Total numbers of placements

i cs
t
= 5. 16. Total number of n-digit number = 3n

a
n
Now , 3  900

m
10.

e
 3n 2  100  (n  2)  5

a th a
 n7

E e M ha rm 17. m
Cm  m 1Cm  m  2Cm  ..... m  n 1
Cm

JE iv .S  m 1Cm 1  m 1Cm  m  2Cm  ..... m n 1

- t
Cm

IIT c .K 
je Er
 8!  4! 

.L  C x  x 1C x 1  1
x
Total numbers of arrangements  2!   

b
 2! 2!  2! 2! 

O
 3(8!) Now , using property , n Cr  n Cr 1  n Cr

 total number of ways  m  nCm 1  m  nCn 1

11. Let the number of digits 1 , 2 and 3 be x , y and z
respectively in the required seven digit integers.
 x  y  z  7 and x  2 y  3z  10 18. x  y  z  x  y  z or x  y  z

 y  2z  3 Case (1) : for x  y  z , no. of triplets  100C3

 x  4 , y  3 , z  0 and x  5 , y  1 , z  1 are Case (2) : for x  y  z ; no. of triples  100C2
the only two possible cases.
 total cases  100C3  100C2
7! 7!
 number of integers  
4! 3! 5!  101C3

 35  42  77

 19. Let x boys are sitting at the initial position from first
12. Let r  xi  yk  zk ; where x , y , z  I  girl and y boys are sitting at the last of second girl
  x  y  7 where x , y  0
Now , r. a  x  y  z
 x  y  z  10 ... (i) number of non-negative integral solutions  7 21C21
Number of positive integral solutions for the  8C1  8
10  number of arrangement
r 1
inequation (i)   C2
r 3   10
 
C3  3!   2!  8  7!
2 3 4 5 9
 C2  C2  C2  C2  .....  C2  1440(8!)
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [40]
 20. Let S1 , S2 , S3 be three partition of set 'S' 23. xyz  23  31.
S1  1 , 4 , 7 , 10 , 13 ,.....3n  2  total no. of positive integral solutions

S2  2 , 5 , 8 , 11 ,.....3n  1   3 31

C31  3   30
 total no. of (negative integral solutions
S3  3 , 6 , 9 , 12 ,.....3n
 30  3/ 2  90 and positive)
If any two numbers are selected from S3 , then sum of Total no. of Integral solutions = 90 + 30
number is divisible by 3 = 120
 number of possible cases  n C2 .... (i)
n n 1
If one number is selected by S1 and other from S2 , 24. . Cr  ( m2  8). n1Cr n  r  1
r 1
then also sum of numbers is divisibile 3
n
2  (m 2  8) 
 number of possible cases  C2  n
 C
n
1
r 1

 (m2  8)  1  (m  3)( m  3)  0
n(n  1) 2 3n2  n
 n 
2 2

Now 'm' can be –5 , 3 , 4 .... etc.

s
21. For the word DPS RKPUAM

c
 25. Total number of ways of distribution

ti
P, P , R , R , D , S , K , U , A , M


a
10
 four letter words with two doublet C2  8C2  6 C3  3C3
   2! 2!

m
 2! 2!

e
 41 
 1  6

h
 2! 2! 

t
10! 10!

a
 one doublet & two different letters  

a
2 2
 2! (3!) (4)(36)

M rm
2 74!

e
 C1  C2   504

a
 25, 200
E
2!

JE iv .S h
- t
8!
T c
 four distinct letters word  8C4  4! 
K
26. 'N' is always an integral value but it represents the
II .
 1680

je Er L
4!
.
total no. of ways of equal distribution of (mn) distinct

b
Total no. of four letter words  2190 object into bundles (unidentified groups).


  0
 x x1 x 2 
2O  
Coefficient of  4!    x 0  x1
6


27. In Statement (I) , total number of selections 5 C2.8 C3 is
FALSE , as it given the repeating selections.
  0! 1! 2!   Statement (II) is true.

(2  2 x  x 2 ) 2 28. If x3  ax 2  bx  c is divisible by x2  1 , then the

 4! (1  x)6
2 2 remainder must be zero.
 3!( x2  2 x  2)2 ( x  1)6
x3  ax 2  bx  c (b  1) x  (c  a )
 ( x  a) 
 6
 3!(1  x) (1  (1  x) ) 2 2
 x2  1 x2  1
 Remainder  (b  1) x  (c  a)  0  x  R
 b  1 and a  c
22. Select seven digits from 1 , 2 , 3 , .... , 9 (zero can't be
Now 'b' is fixed and a , c can be selected in 10 ways
included as it will reach to first place) , and then put the
greatest in middle position. Now group the remaining Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false.
6 digits in two equal sections , which can further be
arrange in one way only (i.e. , increasing or decreasing 29. x  (7)a (5)b
order). number of positive divisors of 'x' = (a + 1)(b + 1)
 6! 2!  7 x  (7)a 1 (5)b
Total no. of numbers  9C7    
 (3!)(3!) 2! 
 no. of positive divisors of (7 x )  (a  2)(b  1)
 9C7  6C3 or 2.9 C2 .5 C2 . Now , (a  1)(b  1)  12 and (a  2)(b  1)  15

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [41]

  a3;b2

 5 x  (7)3 (5)3
 no. of positive divisors of (5x )  16
 Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning
is not appropriate.

30. A1  A2  A3  A4 .....  A30  S

A1 , A2 , A3 , ..... , A30 contain 5 elements in each set
and each element of set 'S' belongs to exactly ten of
the Ai'S
 no. of elements in 'S' = 15
Now , (3n)  9 15
 n  45
Statement (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
correct.

ics
at
em
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [42]

 1. Even positions are 5 , hence in every arrangement at 6. Maximum value of N  34(6)  36  3(6) 2
least are repeating letter will be at odd porition.
 Required number of arrargements = total N max  132.
arrangements
11! (11)! 7. If n( s )  r , then following cases may arise for the
 
(2!)(2!)(2!) 8 subset 'S'.
1 , 2 , 3 , ..... r , 2 , 3 , 4 , ..... , r  1 ..........
2. _M_T_H_M_T_C_S_
.........(n  r  1) , ..... , n  1 , n
(Arrangements of consonants)  (Arrangements of
vowels in the gap) Now , in above cases , maximum value of S min is
 7!   8 4!  7! 8  4!  max r , n  r  1
    C4    . C4  
 (2!)(2!)   2!  (2!)2  2! 

s
 maximum value  n  r  1

tic
a
9! 8! 8. If Smin  m and n( s )  r , then the least element must
3.   8!   7   8C2 .(7!)

m
2! 2!

e
be m and the remaining (r  1) elements can be selected

t h
n m
4. Let Box B 1 contain 'x' distinct balls from (n – m) elements in Cr 1 says


M a
y1  x ; y2  x  2 and y3  20  ( x  x  2)

rm a  Required no. of subsets  n m Cr 1

e a
 (18  2 x ).
Now , according to given data ; E
JE iv .S h 9. Number of possible subsets for which
N  C1.x x 2
C1  x2

II
C1.
T -
c t
18 2 x

.K
x
C1  C1. 18 2 x
C1 Smin  m exists  n m Cr 1


b je Er .L
N  x ( x  2)  ( x  2)(18  2 x )  x(18  2 x )  Sum of all the S min elements  m  n m
Cr 1 
O
2
 N  34 x  36  3x
If y3  14 ; 18  2 x  14  x  2 10. (total selections) – (cases with 3 consecutive vertices)
– (coses with two consecutive vertices)
 N  34(2)  36  3(2)2  92
 10C3  10  10  6C1
5. Expression of N is quadratic and hence assumes its N 
 50     5
b 10 
maximum value at x  
2a
11. Let four tickets be A , B , C and D.
 34 
 x     5.66 ..... (Not possible)
 2(3)   x1 , A , x2 , B , x3 , C , x4 , D , x5 
If x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 , x5 are the number of
tickets which are not selected , then
x1  0 , x2  1 , x3  1 , x4  1 and x5  0
 x1  x2  x3  x4  x5  (35  4)
 ( x1  1)  x2  x3  x4  ( x5  1)  33
 y1  x2  x3  x4  y2  33
Now , no. of positive integral solutions  n1Cr 1
If x  6 , then output of N is maximum.
331
 y1  6 , y2  8 ; y3  6  C51  32C4

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [43]

  32 (b) For any element 'a' of set A following four cases
   8. are possible
 4
(i) a  P and a  Q

12. SACHHA BACHHA (ii) a  P and a  Q

 four A's , four H's , two C's and
(iii) a  P and a  Q
S,B
Case (i) two rows having identical elements. (iv) a  P and a  Q
If Q is subset of P , then total number of ways of
A A A A forming P and Q is (3)8.
For example :  C S B C   total cases = 6561
 H H H H  34
(c) total cases = 8(3) = 24
4!
(d) (3)8 = 6561
total no. of ways   3

 72 ways.
C2  2! 
2!
16. (a) ENDEA , N , O , E , L
Case (ii) Exactly one row having identical elements
for example : no. of permutations = 5! = 120

H H S H (b) ( E ) , N , D , E , A , N , O , L , ( E )
A A A A 


s
7!
 C B H 34.

c
C no. of permutations   2520

i
(2!)

total no. of ways   3

  8!
C1  2C1  
at 4!
 2C1   (c) D , L , N , N , E , E , E , A , O
  

m
 4! 2! 2!

e
last five positions

 8! 
 6   4!  4896
 48 
at h a
4! 5! 
no. of permutations       240
 2!  3! 

M rm
from case (i) and (ii) , total arrangements = 4968

e
(d) A L E N O D E N E
 N  4968
E
JE iv .S h a
t
 least prime number 2 divides N.  5!  4! 
- K
T c
no. of permutations      240

II .
je Er
 3!  2! 

.L
13. Every even digit appear for 10 times in first 100 natural

b
number.

= 200
200
O
 Sum  10(2  4  6  8)

 2
100

14. One of the corner or mid of the side can be fixed by 2

ways and the remaining can be arranged by (15!)
  (15!)  2(15!)
 2

15. (a) Let the common element of P and Q be 'a'

 element 'a' can be selected in 8 C1 ways.
Now for remaining 7 elements of set A , following
three cases are possible
 element  P and element  Q
 element  P and element  Q
 element  P and element  Q

 Total cases  8C1 (3)7  17496

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [44]

 Chapter No -6 ( Probability )

1. 4. For real roots of x2  px  2  0 , D  0

 p2  8  0  p  2 2
 farourable values of p  3 , 4 , 5 , 6
4 2
required probability  
6 3

n
n 1
5. P(r  1)  1  P(0)  1  C0  
 A B  P A B C
 P 
  2
 
 C  P (C )
1
n
 1     0.95

s
P (C )  P ( A  C )  P ( B  C ) n

i c
  1  P ( A)  P ( B )

t
P (C )  (2) n  20

   
 P A  P ( B ) or P B  P  A 

m a  min. value of n  5

t
2. n( S )  total no. of ways of distribution of three
h e 6. P( A  B)  P( A) P( B)

M a
identical dice among six different persons.

r
= number of non-negative integral solutions of
m a  A and B are not independent.

E e
JE iv .S
x1  x2  x3  x4  x5  x6  3
h a  P( A  B)  P( A)  P( B)  P( A  B)

- t
 0.70  0.60  0.50

II
 n( S )  3 61C61  8C5  56
T c .K
je Er L
 0.80
.
b  
6 3
 P( E )    B  P ( A  B)  B P( A  B)

O 
56 28 Now , P  
 A B  A( A  B ) P( A  B)
3.
  P ( A  B)  P( A  B )  P( A) 
P( A)  P( A  B) 0.70  0.50
 
P( A  B ) 0.80

0.2
  0.25
0.80

7. Probability that minimum no. is 3

1
C1  7 C2 7
 10

C3 40
Probability that maximum no. is 7
1 1 1 1
from venn diagram , x     1
C1  6 C2 1
12 12 6 2  
10 8
C3
1
 x Probability that minimum is 3 and maximum is 7
6
1
1 C1  1C1  3C1 1
 
 
P AC  B 
6
 10
C3 40

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [45]

 7 1 1 1
Required probability    
40 8 40 3
11

40  3  2  1 
14.    
 6  6  6 
8. ax  by  2 ; cx  dy  4 for unique solution ,   0 1

a b 36
  0  ( ad  bc )  0
c d
 Indian men seated with wife 
Sample space is having (2) 4 cases 15. P  
 and American men seated adjacent to his wife 
 n(S )  16
(5  1)! (2!)5 4!(32)
Now , favorable cases exist if ad  bc  
4 5!(16)
(6  1)! (2!)
 n( E )  6
6 3 2
 P( E )   
16 8 5

s
9. Case (i) (Student passing in two exams) 1 1

ic  
16. P ( A  B)  and P A  B 

t
 1  1  1   1  1  1   1  1  1  12 2

a
             
 2  2  2   2  2  4   2  4  2  Let P ( A)  x and P( B)  y

1 1 1 1
em 1 1

h
     xy  and (1  x )(1  y ) 

t
8 16 16 4 12 2
Case (ii) (Student passing in three exams)
3

M a rm a  1  ( x  y) 
1 1


e
12 2
a
1 1
E
  
2 8
JE iv .S h 1 5
- t
 1 x    12 x 2  7 x  1  0

IIT c .K 12 x 12

je Er L
1 1 3

.
 P( E )   

b
4 8 8 1 1 1 1
 x or  y  or .

O
4 3 3 4
10. P6 can never reach to final round 1 1 7
Now , 3 x  4 y  3    4   
 Required probability = 0.  4   3  12

11. 0.80  p  c  m   0.35  3(0.20)   0.20 or

1  1 
3   4   0
 3  4 
 p  c  m  0.80  0.95  0.20
31 17.
 1.55 or I II III
20
W B B  (2 / 4)(2 / 3)(3/ 4)  1/ 4
100 50 B W B  (2 / 4)(2 / 5)(3 / 4)  3/ 20
12. C5  p  (1  p ) 50  100 C51 ( p )51 (1  p ) 49
100 W W B  (2 / 4)(1/ 3)(2 / 2)  1/ 6
1 p C51 50
  100
 B B B  (2 / 4)(3 / 5)(4 / 6)  1/ 5
p C50 51
1 3 1 1
51 P( E )    
 51  51 p  50 p  p  4 20 6 5
101
23

13. Only two tests will be needed if both defective or both 20
non-defeetive bulls are identified in first two tasts
 2C  1   2C  1  18. P ( A  B )  P( A)  P ( B )  P ( A  B )
 P( E )   4 1      4 1   
 C  3   C  3 
 1  1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [46]

  5   5   5  1   5   1 
4 22. x2  9 x  18  0  ( x  3)( x  6)  0
19. P(k  3)               .... 
 6   6   6  6   6   6   x  (3 , 6)
3 2  k  4 , 5
 5   1   5  5  
     1      ....  
 6   6   6  6   Let x1 , x2 , x3 be number on dice
 x1  x2  x3  4 or 5
 
3
 5   1  1   5 
3
 Coeff of x 4 in ( x  x 2  ....  x6 )3  coeff of x 5
      
 6   6 1 5   6  3

 6
 
in x  x 2  .... x 6 
5
5 1 5 1
6
P(k  6)            .... 
6 6 6 6
4 3
 Coeff of x in x 1  x
6
 
3
 1  x  3
 3

 
Coeff of x 5 in  x (1  x ) (1  x)   6
3 6 3 3

5 5
 5  1 1   5 63 1
     
  
 6   6  1  5   6   P( E )  3

(6) 24
 6

(5 / 6)5

ics
25 23. P ( I )  Probability that matrix have exactly 5 entries

t
 Required probability = 3
(5 / 6) 36 as 1

m a P (S )  Probability that matrix is symmetric

H
F 2
1 H
20. P    and P   
B 3
2

t h e  S  P( S  I )
Now , P   
I P( I )

8  1  1 
M a rm a  9! 

e a
    
 F 
E
9

JE iv .S h
15  2  2  5! 4! 126
P  8 1 1  P( I )   9   9
- t
 HT     7  2  1  16

c K
2 2
      
IIT .
je Er
15  2  2  15  3  3 

.L Number of symmetric matrix with exactly 5 entries

b
as one = 3 + 9 = 12

O
21. Let C , S , B , T be the events of the person going  S  12 2
 P   
by car , seooter , bus or train respectively. I
  126 21
1 3
Given that P (C )  , P(S )  , P(B)  2 , 24.
7 7 7
1
P (T ) 
7

Let L be the event of the person reaching the office in

tiem.
L 7 L 8 L 5 L 8
 P    , P    , P    , P   
C  9 S 9  B 9 T  9

L
P   .P (C )
C C
 P     1  1
 L P L     
2 4 4  8 
P( E )   
1
   1 16   
1 7 1      
  4  4 
7 9 1
 
1 7 3 8 2 5 8 1 7
        8
7 9 7 9 7 9 9 7  P( E ) 
  16

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [47]

  225  3  1 1  11
25.  N    30     
 N  4  4 24  24
 N  15 is only applicable because it is given that
 225  28. P  B0   P( B1 )  ....  P( B15 )  1
N    30
 N 
Let P  Bn   kn2
1
 P( E )   0.01  k  4k  9k  ....225k  1
100
6 1
 k  k
(15)(16)(31) 1240
 A 1 B 1
26. P ( A)  P    and P   
 B 4  A 2 15

P( B  A) 1 1
(a)  PB   1
n
n
   P ( B  A) 
P ( A) 2 8
15
 E 
 A  P( A  B)
Now , P    
1

1 (b) P ( E )   P(B )P  B
n 0
n 
n 
B
  P ( B ) 8 P ( B ) 4
15 2
 n2  n 1 15(16) 
1    1240   15   (1240)(15)  

s
 P( B) 
2 

c
2

i
n 0

t
A and B are independent events

a
14400 24
( P ( A  B )  P ( A) P ( B ))  

m
(1240)(15) 31
       
e
P A B  P A  P B  P A B

3 1  3  1  7
      
at h a B
(c) P  s   15
 E
P  Bs  P  
 Bs 

M m
4 2  4  2  8
r
E
   E 

e a  P  Bn  P  
E h
 A P A B
P   
B P ( B
 
)
  -JE
P A 
3
4 iv
IIT ct .L.K
.S
n 0  Bn 

je Er
 
25  5 

b
 
B 1 1240  15  25  31
 
O
P    P B   
2 24 (24)(1240)(3)
 A
31

1 1 1 5
27. P ( A)  ; P (b )  , P (c )  
3 2 4 576
(a) P( A  B)  P( B  C )  P(C  A)  3P( A  B  C )
29. For mutually exclusive and exhaustive events ,
 1  1   1   1   1  1   1   1  1  P ( A  B )  0 , P ( A  B )  P( A)  P( B)  1
              3     
 3  2   2   4   4  3   3   2  4 
 
 P A  B  0 or P A  B  0  
1
 .
4
E  E 
     
(b) P ( A  B  C )  1  P A P B P C 30. (a) P ( E1 )  P( B1 ) P  1   P ( B2 ) P  1  
 B1   B2 
 2  1  3  3
 1       E  E 
 3  2  4  4 P ( B3 ) P  1   P ( B4 ) P  1 
 B3   B4 
 1  1  1  1
(c) P ( A  B  C )      
 3  2  4  24
1 2  1  3 1 4  1 
(d) P  A  B  C   P( A  B)  P( B  C ) 
   (1)         
 10  10  2  10  3  10  4 
P (C  A)  2 P ( A  B  C ) 4 2
 
10 5

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [48]

 E  1 p
P ( B3 ) P  2  Now 2
 1  p2  p 1  0
 B3   B3  p
(b) P    4
 E2  E 

P( Bi ) P  2 
 Bi 

5 1
 p 1
i 1 2

3 1
5 1
1  Least value of p 
  2
10  3 
  10
1 2 1 3 1 4 1 3  
(0)           2sin  
10 10  2  10  2  10  4  10  10 
Statuments (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
B  1 appropriate.
 P 3  
 E2  3
o n
2 n 1 3
(0) 33. 1  C0      0.90
 E  P  B2  E3  4 4
(c) P  3    10 0
 B2  P  B2  2 n
10 3
    0.10
4
(d) P  E3   0  0 
3 1 4 1
   
ics
t
n
10  3  10  4  4

a
    10  n  log 4 /310
3

m
1
P  E3  

e
5 2log 4  12  log 4  144  log 4 10

t h
    3
 3 3

31. (0)4 k  2 
 (0)

M a rm a
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
appropriate.
(1)4 k  2 
 (1)
E e
JE iv .S h a
- t
34. P ( A  B )  P( A)  P ( B )  P ( A  B )
T c K
(2)4 k  2 
.
 (4)
II
je Er .L 4 1
(3)4 k  2     P( A  B)

b
 (9) 5 3
(4)4 k  2 

(5) 4k  2
 (6)


 (5)
O  P( A  B ) 
2
15
 P ( A  B )  1

1
(6)4 k  2 
 (6) Now , P ( A  B )  ( Statement (2) is true)
3
(7) 4 k  2 
 (9)  2 1
 P ( A  B ) lies in  , 
(8)4 k  2 
 (4) 15 3 
Statement (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is also
(9)4 k  2 
 (1) appropriate.
4 2
P( E )   35. For ellipse , 2a = 2(radius of cricle)
10 5
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.  16 
 a  r  b  r 2 1  
 25 

 A  P A B
32. P    

P AB     ar ;b
3r
B
  P B P B    5

 3r 
Let P ( A  B )  p  r 2   (r )  
Now , P ( E )   5  1 3  2
1 p  A  (r ) 2 5 5

( p)
 p  
2
 B
  p  2
 
p B
Statement (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [49]

 2 1 There are 10 equiprobable events E1 to E10.
1. P ( H )  and P(T ) 
3 3 1
If n  2 then the last two throws must be heads and Probability of E1 
10
the previous all throws must be heads and tail or tail
and head alternatively. 1
In fact P ( Ei )  for i  1 to 10
 ( HT )(TH )( HT )( HT )....(TH )( HH ) 10

4 5. Let A be the event of picking up three balls one of each

Probability of HT or TH 
9 color.
10
 4  4 
2
  2 
2  A
 P ( E )  1      ....      Then P ( A)   P  E   P(E ) i
 9  9    3 

s
i 1 i

4
tic 1  3  4 C1  6  3C1  2 C1  2 C1  2 C1  2 C1  7

a
  6 
4 10  C3  25
 9 
1
4 5

em Probability that the bag contained 4 white balls , given

h
9

at a
E 
that one of each color was picked  P  1 
 A

M
2. Probability that experment ends with a head

rm
e a
4

E
JE iv .S
(from solution of part (1))
h
4
C1 
1

t
5  A
-
10
T c K
P    P ( E1 )
II .
6

je Er
If n  2 , probability that experiment ends in minimum E C3 1

.L   1  

b
2 P ( A) P ( A) 14
2

O
number of throws   
3
6. The bag contains equal number of white and green
4 balls in events E1 and E6
5
 Required probability  9 
4 9  A  2 C1  2 C1  2 C1  1
5 P   P ( E6 )  6  
 E6 
P    E6 
  C3  10
 A P( A) 7
3. For An , the game ends with either two heads on two
25
tails
 E  E  E 
 P  1 Required probability is P  1   P  6 
 An   A  A

1 1 3
4. White Green Red   
14 7 14
E1 1 1 4
E2 1 2 3
7. X  3
E3 1 3 2
E4 1 4 1  5   5   1  25
E5 2 1 3 P( E )        
 6   6   6  216
E6 2 2 2
E7 2 3 1
E8 3 1 2 8. X  3
E9 3 2 1 2 3
5 1 5 1
E10 4 1 1 P ( E )            ..... 
6 6 6  6
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [50]
 2 2 3 2 2 2
 5   1    5   5   1 1 4 1  4 1  4
 P( E )                  
     1        .....  
 6   6    6   6   6 6 6 6  6  6  6

2 1 12 13
 5   1  1  25  3
 3

      (6) (6) 216
 6   6  1  5 / 6  36
432 p
 2
3 4 13
5 1 5 1
9. x  3 ; P  E1             .... 
6 6 6  6 13. Let break points B1 and B2 lies at a distance of
5
5 1  5 1
6 x and y meters respectively from live initial position 0
x  6 ; P  E2             .... 
6 6  6  6  ( x  y)2  (3)2  R 2

5  ( x  y)2  9  25
5 1
P ( E1 )  6   6   | x y|  4 (where 0  y , y  10 )
Required probability  
P ( E2 )  5 3  1 
   
6 6

s
25

c


ti
36

m a
10. Total number of ways of which papers of 4 students ,
can be checked by seven teachers  74

t h e
a
Now , choosing two teachers out of 7 is 7 C2  21
a
M m
The number of ways in which 4 papers can be checked

e
by exactly two teachers  24  2  14
E ar
JE iv .S h 100  (36) 64
- t
 Favourable ways  (21)(14) from graph , p  

IIT c .K 100 100

je Er .L
(21)(14) 6

b
 Required probability   25 25 64
7 4 49  p  8

O
2 2 100
6
 49 P  49  =6
49 14. Total number of ways of dialing the last three
digits such that exactly 2 of them are same
11. Case (i) John pick 2 black and 1 white ball   3!  
 2  10 C2      270
3 3 1 2
 C  C1   C1  C1  C1  27 3  2!  

p1   26   
 C3   6
 C3  200 1
 p  (1080) p  4
Case (ii) John pick 1 black and 2 white balls 270

 3 C  3C2   2 C1  1C1  3C1  27

p2   16      15.
 6
 C3   C3  200

27
Now , p  p1  p2 
100
100 p
 9
3

12. Sum of 6 in three throws

 (2 , 2 , 2) , (3 , 0 , 3) , (0 , 3 , 3) , (3 , 3 , 0)
Total number of triangles equals to 8 C3  56
Total number of equilateral triangles whose one vertex

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [51]

 is A equals to 3. (AFH , AFC and AHC ) . Now 5
3
total number of equilateral triangles are equal P (occurrence of 3 , 4 , 5 on all the dice)   
6
8 3 Now , required probability
to 8
3 5 5 5 5
Total number of isosceles triangle in plane  4  3  3  2
        
ABCD is 4. 6 6 6  6
 Total number of isosceles triangles (not 5 5 5
2  1  1
equilateral) are equal to 4  6  24     2    
3
   2 3
 Now total number of scalene triangles
5 5 4
 8C3  24  8  24 2 1 1
      
Now , all proper isosceles triangle (not equilateral) are  3  3  2
right angled triangles. Because scalene triangle is
formed by one edge , one force diagonal and one cube
diagonal , so all scalene triangle are right angled
triangles.
 Total right angled triangle  24  24  48

16. (a) m = 3

s
Smallest number appearing on dice is 3 and it
may appear on one or more dice

tic
a
P (m  3)  (Probability of occurrence of

m
3 , 4 , 5 , 6 on all the five dice) – (Probability of

e
occurrence of 4 , 5 , 6 on all the dice)


4 3
Required probability      
at h a
5 5

M
6 6

rm
5
2 1
    
5
E e
JE iv .S h a
3 2
IIT -
c t .K
je Er .L
(b) n  4
5
4 3 2 1
O b
P(n  4)            
6 6 3 2
5 5 5

(c) 2  m  4
P ( E )  P (m  2)  P (m  3)  P (m  4)
5 5 5 5 5 5
 5  4   2   1   3  2
            
6 6 3 2 6 6
5 5 5 5 5 5
5 2 2 1 1 1
                
6 3 3 2  2 3
5 5
 5 1
    
 6   3
(d) m  2 and n  5
5
4
P (occurrence of 2, 3, 4, 5 on all the dice)   
6
5
2
P (occurrence of 3 , 4 on all the dice)   
6
5
3
P (occurrence of 2 , 3 , 4 on all the dice)   
6
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [52]
 Chapter No -7 ( Matrices )

3 10 10
1. aij  sin(i  j ) i
 tr ( A)     2 
i2 
 a ji   aij i 1 i 1

 Matrix is skew-symmetric of order 3 10(11)(21)

  0 1 1 2  2  3  3  4  4  5
 det ( A)  0 6
 385  25  400
 cos  sin    cos  sin    trace( A)  410
2. A  AT   
sin  cos    sin  cos  
5. Case (1) : If all the diagonal elements are 2 , then total
 2 cos  0  1 0 no. of symmetric arrangements =3
  
 0 2 cos   0 1  Case (2) : If the diagonal elements are 2 , 1 and 1 , then
total no. of symmetric arrangements = 9
1

s
 2 cos   1  cos    n(s )  9  3  12

ic
2



  2 n  or (2n  1) 
2
at 6. AB  B

m
3 3  ( AB) B 1  BB 1 (if | B |  0)

3. If bij and cij are the corresponding cofactors of aij

t h e  A I

a a
Similarly , BA  A  ( BA) A1  AA1 (if | A |  0)

M m
2

r
and bij respectively , then det ( B )   det ( A)  and  BI

det ( c)   det ( B ) 
2
E e
JE iv .S h a Now , A2  B 2  I 2  I 2  I  I

IIT -
c t .K  A2  B 2  2 I if | A |  0 and | B |  0

je Er L
det (2 ABT C )  8 det ( ABT C )
.

 8det ( A).det ( B).det (C )

O b2
 8 det ( A).  det ( A)  .  det ( A) 
4
1 1 1 
7. A  1 3 2

 8(2)7  210  1024 1 2 4

11  det ( A)  5
10 10 10 10 10
r 1
Cr 1  C0  C1  C2  ....  C10  1024
Now det (adj A)  | A |n 1
2
11  det  adj  adj ( A)    | A |( n 1)
 det (2 ABT C )   10
Cr 1
r 1  (5)4  625

10 8. Matrices which are possible are either of order

4. tr ( A)  
i 1
aii 7 1 or 1 7
 total no. of matrices  7! 7!  2(7!)
i  j 
aij  2i 3  ij  2i 2 j   2
  sin (i  j ) 9. In given matrices A and B ,
 4 
3
i 
3
 aii  2i  i  2i     02 3  AB     a .b   j j
2 j 1

i  3
 aii  i 2     a .b 
2
  AB   
 1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [53]

 3
Now  ( AB )  ( AB ) 11  ( AB) 22  ( AB)33 7
 1  pq 2  8

Ck  2 28  2 
k 1
 trace ( AB)
 option (a) is correct because trace (AB) is always  p  q  508
equal to trace (BA)
13. 6A1  A2  pA  qI
10. A   I
 6 A1 ( A)  A3  pA2  qA ( | A |  0)
 A2010  ( ) 2010 .( I )2010

 (1)( I ) 2010 ( ( )3n  1 ; n  I )  A3  pA2  qA  6I  0 ...(i)

Using Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
I ( I n  I ; n  N ) | A  I |  0

1  0 0
 3/2 1/ 2  T T
11. A     AA  I  A A  0 1  1 0
 1/ 2 3 / 2 0 2 4
Now , C  ABAT  (1   )  (1   )(4   )  2   0

s
T T T T T
 A CA  A ABA A  B ( AA  A A  I )

c
  3  6 2  11  6  0 ...(ii)
C 2  ABAT ABAT  AB 2 AT
T 2 T 2
 A C A  A AB A A  B ( AA  A A  I ) T 2

atiT T
Equation (ii) is the characteristic equation for matrix A
and according to cayley-hlamiltan theorem matrix A

m
satisfy equation (ii)
Similarly , C n  AB n AT

t h e  A3  6 A2  11A  6I  0
Comparing the equation (ii) with equation (i)

a
 AT C n A  B n
a
M
 p  6 and q  11
 AT C 2010 A  B 2010
rm
e a
 2 p  q  1
1 1 1 2 
 B2   E
JE iv .S h
t
B
-
 
0 1 0 1 
IIT c .K 14. AAT  I

1 n 
Bn   
b je Er .L  a b c   a b c  1 0 0 

O
0 1   b c a  b c a   0 1 0 


1 2010 
AT C 2010 A  B 2010    c a b   c a b  0 0 1 
0 1 
 a 2  b 2  c2  1 and ab  bc  ca  0


12. Ak   k
0  a3  b3  c3  3abc  (a  b  c)(a 2  b2  c 2  ab  bc  ac)
0  k 
 a 3  b3  c3  3abc  (a  b  c ) a 2  b 2  c 2  ab  bc  ac

 7 
 a3  b3  c 3  3(1)  (a  b  c) 1  0
7
 k
 k 1
 0 
  p 0
 Ak  
7    0 q
 
 a 3  b 3  c3  3  a  b  c
k 1  0  k 



k 1  15. Put i  j  k to conclude the nature of diagonal
elements
7 7
 pq   k   k
 (1)2i aii  (1)2i aii  (1)2i aii  0
k 1 k 1
 3aii  0 ,  aii  0
7
 a11  a22  a33  0
 pq   
k 1
k  k 
Now , put k  i

7  ( 1)i  j aij  ( 1) ji

a ji  ( 1) 2i aii  0
 pq  k 
k 1
8
Ck  2   C   k  C 
8
k
8
k

 (1)i  j aij  a ji  0  0 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [54]
  aij  a ji 20. If A is singular matrix , then det ( A)  0
 Matrix A is skew-symmetric of order 3
1  sin 2  cos2  4sin 4
 det ( A)  0
 sin 2  1  cos 2  4sin 4 0
2 2
sin  cos  1  4sin 4
16. det ( A)   sin 3 
 det ( A) is independent from  Apply C1  C1  C2 and then R1  R1  R2

0 1 0
3 3 1     
 det ( A)       ,   2 1  cos  2
4 sin 4 0
8 8   6 3 
2
1 cos  1  4sin 4

0 1 1  (2sin 4  1)  0
17. A  1 0 2 1
1 2 0  sin 4  
2
 det ( A)  4 and trace ( A)  0 1 n   
   n  (1)     ; n  I
T
A  A  A is symmetric matrix 4  6 

ics 7 11 23 19

t
If   [0 ,  ] , then   , , ,

a
18. det ( A)  1 24 24 24 24

m
 A is invertible matrix    R

A 1 
1  sin 

i cos  
sin  
t h e 1 0 
21. A   
1 2 
 1
 An   n
0
n
2  1 2 

a
(1)  i cos 
a
 Inverse of A( )  A(   )

E e M h arm 
 1
A8  
0 


JE iv .S
A( )  A(   )  0  255 256 

IIT -
c t .K  255 0  256 0 

je Er L
Now , 255 A  256 I   
.

1 1  255 510   0 256 

b
19. A   
0 1

O  1 0  8
 A
1 n   255 254 
 An   
0 1   Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true

1 n 
 ( An ) 1  ( A1 ) n    22. AB  0 ; det ( A)  0
0 1 
A1 ( AB)  A1 (0)
1 1 1 0   2 1
AAT       IB  0  B  0
0 1 1 1  1 1
 det ( B )  0
 AAT  I Statement (1) is true
 A is not orthogonal matrix If AB  0 , then det ( AB )  0
1 n   1 0   0 n   det ( A).det ( B)  0
An     
0 1  0 1  0 0   Both A and B can never be non-singular
statement (2) is true and the correct explanation for
0 1 
An  I  n B  B    statement (1).
0 0 
 det ( B )  0 a b 
23. Let A    , where b , c  0 , a , d  1
det adj  adj (2 AP )   | 2 AP | c d 

 4 | A | | P |  4(1)(1)  4  A   I.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [55]

  a 2  bc ab  bd  1 0
If A2  I , then  2
 
 ac  cd cb  d  0 1 
 a 2  bc  1 , b(a  d )  0, c(a  d )  0, d 2  bc  1
If b , c  0 , then a  d  0
 a 2  bc  1
Now , det ( A)  ad  bc  ad  a 2  1  a(a  d )  1
 det ( A)  1 ( a  d  0)
Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false

24. ( I  A)1  A4  A3  A2  A  I

( I  A)( I  A) 1  ( I  A)( A4  A3  A2  A  I ) ( A  I )

 I  ( I )5  A5

 A5  0

s
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is
not correct.

tic
25. aij   a ji  A   AT

m a
 A is skew-symmetric matrix

t h e
a
Now , ( BT An B)T  BT ( An )T ( BT )T
a
 BT ( AT ) n ( B)

E e M h arm
JE iv .S
 BT ( A)n B

IIT -
c t .K
je Er L
 BT An B  n  7!  even no.
.
O
 BT An B is symmetric matrix b
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [56]

 1. Case 1 : If all the diagonal elements are 1 , then no. In the following cases det ( A) is zero.
of symmetric matrices = 3
Case 2 : If the diagonal elements are 1 , 0 , 0 , then no. 1 1 0
of symmetric matrices = 9 1 1 0  System is inconsistent
 
 No. of matrices in S  9  3  12 0 0 1 

2. If system of linear equations is having unique

0 0 1
solution , then det ( A)  0 0 1 0 
  System is inconsistent
Case 1 : All diagonal elements are 1 1 0 1 
1 a b
A   a 1 c  1 0 0 
0 1 1 
System has in finite solutions
 b c 1 

s
 

c
 0 1 1 

i
In a , b and c two of the entries are zero
det ( A)  (1  a 2  b2  c2  2abc)
at 1 1 1 

m
1 0 0  

e
 1  a 2  b 2  c2 ( 2abc  0)   System has infinite solutions

h
1 0 0 

t
Now , det ( A)  0 in all the situations for case (1)
because two entries are zero and the third is 1.

M a rm
 In case (1) , matrix A which is element of S is not a 0 1 0 

e
1 1 1  
possible
E
JE iv .S h a  
0 1 0 
System is inconsistent

- t
Case 2 : If diagonal elements are 1 , 0 and 0

IIT c .K
je Er L
a h g
. 0 1 1

b
Let A  h b f 1 0 0  

O
  System is inconsistent
g f c
1 0 1 
 det ( A)  abc  2 fgh  af 2  bg 2  ch 2  Number of matrices in S for which the system is
2 2 2 inconsistent are 4
 (af  bg  ch ) ( abc  fgh  0)
Now out of a , b , c , only one of them can be 1
(because they are diagonal elements) 4. If matrix 'P' is orthogonal , then PPT  I

 a  f 1 , h 1 , g  0  0 a a   0 2b c  1 0 0 
 a  f 1 , h  0 , g 1   2b b b   a b c   0 1 0 
     
 b  g  1 , f  0 , h  1  c c c   a b c  0 0 1 
 det ( A)  1 if 
 b  g 1 , f 1 , h  0
 c  h 1 , g 1 , f  0  2a 2 0 0  1 0 0
  
 c  h  1 , g  0 , f  1   0 6b 2
0   0 1 0 
 
 0 0 3c 2  0 0 1 
 from case (1) and (2) , 6 matrices are possible
which are non-singular.
1 1 1
3. For matrix equation AX  B , the system is  a ;b ,c
2 6 3
inconsistent if det ( A)    0 and (adj A) B  0 . If square matrix of order 2  2 is formed with entries
Total number of matrices A in set S for which 0 , a , b and c , then total number of matrices
det ( A)  0 , are 6  4!(2  2  2)  192

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [57]

  / 2 0 0   (1)99 .(3)3 .(1)
  / 6 0 
5. Q   0  27
 0 0  / 3
T
3 4 5 
 / 2 0 0   / 2 0 0  1
   9. B 1  0 1 1
T
QQ   0  /6 0  0  / 6 0  3
0 0 3 
 0 0  / 3  0 0  / 3
 1 0 0
 2 / 4 0 0  1 0 0
    4 / 3 1/ 3 0

 0 2 /3 0    0 1 0 
  5 / 3 1/ 3 1 
 0 0  2 / 9   0 0 1   Sum of elements = 3
    2 ,   6 and   3
 1 1 3  1 1 3 
Number of ordered triplets ( ,  ,  )
10. A   5 2 6   5 2 6 
2
 2 2 2  8
 2 1 3  2 1 3

6. k 
1
 (2)(6)(3)  36
ics 0 0 0
(a 2 )(b 2 )(c 2 )

at  A2   3 3 9 

m
 ( x1 )( x2 )( x3 )  36  1 1 3

 ( x1 )( x2 )( x3 )  22  32

t h e  k2

a a
2
 0 0 0  1 1 3 
No. of positive integral solutions   2  31
C31

E e M h arm A3  A2 A   3 3 9   5 2 6 

JE iv .S
2
  4
C2   36  1 1 3  2 1 3

 II
T -
ct .K
je Er L
0 0 0
7. Let R1   a b c
.
b
A  0 0 0
3

O
1 0 0 0 0 0
 R1 A   a b c  2 1 0  1 0 0
   k 3
 3 2 1
11. Let the element of matrix A be represented by small
 a  2b  c  1
letters (i.e. , a , b , c , d , .... etc) and the elements of
b  2c  0
matrix B be represented by capital letters
c0
(i.e. A , B , C , ....)
 a  1 , b  0 and c  0
 R1  1 0 0 a b c d A E I M
e f g h  B F J N 
Similarly R2 and R3 can be calculated as : Now , ABT   
i j k l C G K O
   
R2   4 3 0 ; R3   3 1 1 m n o p D H L P

 1 0 0 Apply Basic theorems the determinant

Now , B   4 3 0  | A | 0 0 0 
 
 3 1 1   0 | A| 0 0 
 C
 0 0 | A| 0 
 det ( B )  3  
 0 0 0 | A |
8. C  ( A)99 .( B)3 .(2 A  B)
 trace(c )  4 | A |  4(2)  8
99 3
det (c)  | A | . | B | . | 2 A  B |  Sum of diagonal element of c  8

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [58]

 12. System of equations is : 14. Converting the given matrix A into the echelon form

2 x 3  2ay 3  (a  1)2  Apply R3  R3  R1   R2 and R2  R2   R1

 a , x , y  R and x  y  0
x3  ax 2 y  xy 2  1  1 4 5 
 
Substitute y   x  ~ A  0 8  4 (3  6) 
0 16  8  8 2 
 2 x3  2ax3  (a  1)2  2(a  1) x3  (a  1)2 ...(i)  0

and x3  ax3  x3  1  (2  a) x3  1 ...(ii) 1

Apply R3  R3
8
1
 x3  if a  2
(2  a) 1 4 5 
from equation (ii) 
  A  0 4(2   ) 3(  2) 
2( a  1) ( a  1)  a (1  a )  0 0 (  1)(  2) 
  ( a  1) 2  0  0
(2  a ) (2  a)
Now , if   2 , rank  1
 a  1 ; 0 if   1 , rank  2
 given system of equations has at lest one solution
if   R  {2} , rank can be 2 or 3
if a  1 , 0

s
if   4 , rank  3

c
 no. of possible integral value of a  3

13. AB = C
ati  1 1 

m  a11
 2| x|  | x |  y  x 2  a , and a12 a13 

e
k 2
k

h
 

t
x2  y 2  1 15. (a) B   ka21 a22
1
a23 


a a
k
2 2  2 

M
Now , x  y  1 represents a circle on x  y plane

rm k a31 ka32 a33 

e a
 
E
and y  2| x |  | x |  x2  a is a curve which is

JE iv .S h
symmetrical about y  axis .
IIT -
c t .K
je Er
k 2 a11
L
ka12 a13
.
| x| 2
Consider the curve y  2  | x |  x for 0  x  1 , 1

b
2
 det ( B)  k a21 ka22 a23
k3

O
y  2 x  x  x2 2
k a31 ka22 a33

a11 a12 a13

det ( B )  a21 a22 a23
a31 a32 a33

 det ( B )  det ( A)
 k1 | A |  k2 | B |  0
 | A | k1  k2   0
 k1  k2  0 ( | A |  0)

1 1 1
(b) 1 1 1  4
1 1 1
As shown in figure x2  y 2  1 and y  2|x|  | x |  x 2
maximum value = 4
meet at point (0 , 1).
 one solution if a  0 three solutions if a  2 1 cos  cos  0 cos  cos 
 Matrix equation AB  C is having only one (c) cos  1 cos   cos  0 cos 
solution if a  0 cos  cos  1 cos  cos  0
 number of possible values of 'a' = 1
 1  2cos  cos  cos   cos 2   cos 2  

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [59]

 cos 2   2 cos  cos  cos 

 cos 2   cos 2   cos 2   1

(d) A  2 B   A(1)  B    A(0)  B 

2 2 1 0 1 2
 A  2 B  4 3 0  1 0 3
6 1 1 3 1 1
 12  12  0
 A  2B  0

ics
at
em
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [60]

 Chapter No -8 ( Determinants )

1. For non-trivial solutions ,   0 6. If f ( x ) , g ( x ) and h( x ) are cubic polynomials , then

4 5 1 the fourth derivative vanishes for all x  R
 1 1 4 0 Differentiate  ( x) along columns
(k  1) (2 k  1) (k  4)   '( x)  0   ( x )  constant
  0  kR   ( x) is even function and hence symmetrical
about y-axis
2. 3x  y  z  0 ...(i)
3x  z  0 ...(ii) 1 11 1 a  b 1  a 2  b2
3x  2 y  z  0 ...(iii) 7. 1 a  b 1  a 2  b2 1  a3  b3 
from (i) and (ii) , y = 0 and z = 3x
1  a 2  b 2 1  a 3  b3 1  a 4  b 4
now , x2  y 2  z 2  x2  0  9 x2

 10 x 2  100  x2  10
ics 1 1 1 1 1 1

 x  0 , 1 ,  2 ,  3
at 1 a
2
b
2
 1 a
2
b
b2

m
1 a b 1 a
for any value of x , value of y and z are fixed
(i.e. y = 0 and z = 3x)
 Integral points for (x , y , z) = 7
th e   (1  a )( a  b )(b  1) 
2

1 sin  1
Ma r
a
m 
 2
 1  (a  b)  ab  (a  b ) 2  4 ab 
E e
-J tiv K.S ha  2
3. det ( A)   sin  1 sin   1  (4)  2  (4) 2  4(2)
E
c
 sin 
T
1 1
I .
8
I
Apply C1  C1  C3

b e
j Er .L 8.       

O
2 sin  1 2 cos  cos 
 det ( A)  0 1 sin  Let   cos  1 cos 
0  sin  1 cos  cos  1
 det ( A)  2(1  sin 2  ) replacing  by (  (   ))
 det A  2  2sin 2  2  cos(   ) cos 
 det ( A)   2 , 4    [0 , 2 )     cos(   ) 1 cos 
cos  cos  1
4. for unique solution ,   0
   2(1  cos 2  )  cos(   )  cos(   )  cos  cos  
1 1 1
 cos    cos(   ).cos   cos  
  5 1 q  0
2 3 1    2sin 2   cos(   )( sin  sin  ) 

 q  23 cos  .cos  cos(   )  cos 2 

   cos 2   2sin 2   cos(   )   cos(   ) 

5. Row R3 is having all the function odd

 sin  [ x]  0  x  R 
   cos 2   2 sin 2   cos2   sin 2  
 f ( x )   f ( x ) ( cos( A  B).cos( A  B)  cos 2 B  sin 2 A)
2
    sin 2 


2
f ( x)dx  0
   1   min  1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [61]

 9. Sum of roots = 12 and product = 81     
| a1 |2 a1 .a 2 a1 .a 3
       1/ 4 
    
    ( )    2  a 2 .a1 | a 2 |2 a 2 .a3
  4       
a3 .a1 a 3 .a 2 | a 3 |2
 AM  GM for  ,  ,  , 
(Sum) 1 1 1
       3 2
   1 4 1  24
4
1 1 9
   3 3 3
Now ,     3 3 3  0    2 6
   3 3 3
1   1   x 1   x2
10. In any determinant of set 'P' if only two rows or any 2
two columns are interchanged then it becomes the 15. f ( x )  1   1   x 1   x
element of set 'Q'. 1  1   x 1   x2
 n( P)  n(Q)
Apply C3  C3  C2 and C2  C2  C1
 f ( x)  0
11. MM T  I

s
 M  MM T  M  I

c
2 2 2

i
16. a  b  c  0 and a  b  c  ab  bc  ac

t
T
 M (I  M )  M  I

a
 abc0

m
  M (M  I )T  M  I If a , b and c are simultaneously zero then the system

e
of equations represent the complete 3-dimensional
 
h
det  M ( M  I )T  det (M  I )

t
 space , hence infinite ordered triplets exist without any

a
linear constraint.
 det ( M ).det (M  I )T  det (M  I )
a
 2 det ( M  I )  0 ( | A |  | AT |)
E e M h arm 17. Total no. of determinants = 24 = 16.

JE iv .S
a b
- t
Let     ad  bc 
T c K
 det (M  I )  0
II .
c d

b je Er .L If   0 , then ad = 0 and bc = 1

O
12. Let the determinant value be f ( x)  In above case , b  c  1 and at least one of a , d
is zero
 f ( x)  px4  qx3  rx 2  sx  t  total no. of cases which are not favourable = 3
Now ,  f (1)  f (1)  2( g  r ) 3
 P( E )  1  P( E )  1 
16
2 5 3  4 3 3
 2(q  r )  4 0 4  2 2 2 13
 P( E )  .
2 2 3 0 2 5 16

1
 (q  r )  (102)  51 x2 y2 z2
2 18. Let 2
x, 2
 y and z
  2

 x  y  z 1 
13.   tan A(tan B tan C  1)  1(tan C  1)  1(1  tan B) 
x  y  z 1   x  y  z 1
  tan A tan B tan C  tan A  tan C  1  1  tan B x  y  z  1
for ABC , tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C
 x   , y    , z   
 2
 finitely many solutions exist
2 2k  1 3k  1 k  2
x1 y1 z1 x1 y1 z1 x1 y1 z1 19.  
14. x2 y2 z2  x2 y2 z 2  x2 y2 z2 5k  1 7 k  1 4 k  2
x3 y3 z3 x3 y3 z3 x3 y3 y3  k  0 or 1
 no. of values of k = 2
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [62]
 20. k   , because 2 x  y  3  0 and 6 x  3 y  10  0
have no solution.

21. Taking a , b and c common from R1 , R2 and R3

respectively and then apply :
R1  R1  R2 and R2  R2  R3

x2 / a x2 / b 0
2
 f ( x )  abc 0 x /b  x2 / c
a b c  x2 / c

Taking x2 common from R1 and R2

1 1
 0
a b
1 1
 f ( x )  abc ( x 4 ) 0 
b c
x2
a b c

s
c

 f ( x)  x 4 ( x 2  a 2  b 2  c 2 )
tic
m a
1 3 2

t h e
a
22.   1  2    0    R

a
M m
1 3 2

r
2 7 7
6 3 2
E e
JE iv .S h a 23. sin(3 ) 1 1  0

- t
cos(2 ) 4 3
T c K
1  7  2  1  (   6)(6  2 )
II .
je Er .L
 3 2 C3  C3  C2

1 6
2  1 7
2
O b
2  2  0    R 
2 7 0
sin(3 ) 1 2  0
1  2 cos 2 4 1

1 3 6  (2)(4sin 3  cos 2 )  1(2  7 sin 3 )  0

3  1  7  3  (  6)(  3)  8sin 3  2 cos 2  2  7 sin 3  0
1 3   sin 3  2(cos 2  1)  0
(a) if   4 ,   6 , then   1   2   3  0  (3sin   4sin 3  )  4sin 2   0
 Infinite solutions. (Ist and IIIrd equation
 sin  (4sin 2   4sin   3)  0
represent identical planes (figure (a)))
(b) if   5 ,   7 , then   0 but 1 ,  2 ,  sin  (2sin   1)(2sin   3)  0

3  0 1  3
 sin   0 or sin    sin    
 No solution. 2  2
(d) for   3 ,   5 ,   1   2   3  0 
   n or n  (1) n : nI
 Ist and IIIrd equation represent parallel planes 6
(as shown in figure (b))
 No solution. 24. Determinant DN can be established by considering all
the rows or all the columns.
In 1st row either all elements are –1 or exactly one
element is –1
 no. of ways in which 1st row can be completed = 4

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [63]

 similarly , IInd row can also be completed by 4 ways ,
(d) If y  f ( x) is symmetrical about x  2  0 ,
but after placement of elements in first and second
row , there is no option for the third row as it has to then f (2   )  f (2   )   R
fulfill the condition for DN .
 total number of DN  4  4  16. | f (2   ) |  |  3   | ...(i)
observe the given determinant to get the minimum | f (2   ) |  |    3 | ...(ii)
value
(i) and (ii) are equal , hence y  | f ( x) | is
1 1 1
symmetrical about line x  2  0
1 1 1
1 1 1
26.  k represents the nine roots of x9  1  0 , where
 minimum value = – 4
 9  1 and 1 ,  2 , .... ,  8 are the complex roots
 1   2   3  ....   9  0
1 x x
Statement (2) is true.
25. Let   x 2 x
x x 3
1 ,  2 ,  3 .... ,  9 are in G.P. let the common ration for
G.P. be r
C1  C1  C2 and C2  C2  C3
1  2  3

s
1 x 0 x    4 5 6
   x 2 2 x x

tic 7 8 9

a
0 x3 3
Taking 1 ,  4 and  7 common from R1 , R2 and R3
Simplifying the value of  along C3

em respectively

at h
   x  ( x  2)( x  3)   x  (1  x)( x  3)  

a
1 r r2
r2

M
3(1  x)(2  x )
m
   (1 )( 4 )( 7 ) 1 r

E e ar
   x  ( x  2)( x  3)   x( x  1)( x  3)  1 r r2

JE iv .S h
-
c t K
 0
T
3( x  1)( x  2)
II .
je Er L
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is
Add and subtract x( x  1)( x  2) to 
.
b
not appropriate.

O
   x  ( x  1)( x  2)  ( x  2)( x  3)  ( x  1)( x  3) 
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)
27. Differentiate  ( x ) row-wise and then putting
Now , if   xf ( x)  f '( x) , then
x     '( )  0.
f ( x)  ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)
 Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning
3 is also appropriate.
(a)
 ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)dx
1
28. Total number of determinants = 9!
Put ( x  2)  t
9
1 1

(t 3  t )dt  0
 n  i  9!
 I
 (t  1)(t )(t  1)dt 
 i 1

1 1 In set 'S ' , every determinant  with magnitude M is

1 having a counter-determinant  ' with same magnitude
but opposite in sign. By interchanging any two rows
(b)
 f ( x)dx  0
1
or any two columns of  , counter-determinant can be
obtained.
(c) y  f ( x  2) 9!

 y  ( x  1)( x)( x  1)  
i1
i 0

 y  x3  x Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
 y  f ( x  2) is odd function appropriate.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [64]

 29. Apply C3  C3  C2 and C2  C2  C1 Apply C3  C3  C2
   1
1 0 0
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.
f ( x)  sin 2 x sin 4 x  sin 2 x sin 6 x  sin 4 x
cos 2 2 x cos 2 4 x  cos 2 2 x cos 2 6 x  cos 2 4 x

1 0 0
 f ( x)  sin 2 x 2sin x.cos3 x 2sin x cos5 x
cos 2 2 x  sin 6 x.sin 2 x  sin10 x.sin 2 x

 f ( x)  2sin x.sin 2 x (cos 3 x.sin10 x  cos 5 x.sin 6 x )

 2sin x sin 2 x.cos5x(2cos3x.sin5 x  sin 6 x)
 2sin x sin 2 x cos5 x.cos3x(2sin5 x  2sin 3x)
 8sin x .sin 2 x cos5 x cos3x(sin x.cos 4 x)

 f ( x)  8(sin x) 2 sin 2 x.cos3x.cos 4 x.cos5x

Now , f ( x )  0  x   ,  , 3 ,  , 3
6 8 8 10 10
Number of solution for f ( x)  0 are five if

s


 
x0 , 

tic
a
 2

em
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
je Er .L
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is

b
not appropriate.

30. If x y z  r ,

Ar  r 1C2
O
where r  N  {1 , 2} , then

r 1 r r 1
C2 C2 C2
r r 1 r2
  C2 C2 C2
r 1 r 2 r 3
C2 C2 C2

Apply C3  C3  C2 and C2  C2  C1
r 1 r 1 r
C2 C1 C1
 r
C2 r
C1 r 1
C1  n1Cr  nCr  nCr 1 
r 1 r 1 r 2
C2 C1 C1

(r  1)( r  2) r  1 r
1
 r ( r  1) r r 1
2
(r  1) r r 1 r  2

Apply R3  R3  R2 and R2  R2  R1

( r  1)( r  2) (r  1) r
1
 2r  2 1 1
2
2r 1 1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [65]

 1. According to given matrix equation 3.
4a 2 f (1)  4af (1)  f (2)  3a 2  3a ...(i)

4b2 f (1)  4bf (1)  f (2)  3b 2  3b ...(ii)

4c2 f (1)  4cf (1)  f (2)  3c2  3c ...(iii)

Conditions (i) , (ii) and (iii) imply that the equation
4 f (1) x2  4 f (1) x  f (2)  3x 2  3x is having three
roots (viz : x  a , b , c )

  4 f (1)  3 x2   4 f (1)  3 x  f (2)  0 is an

identity in x
3 3

ic s
t 
 f (1)  , f (1)  and f (2)  0

a
4 4

m
 4  x2  from graph , y  g ( x) is discontinuous at six

e
 f ( x)  
 4 

h
 

t
locations in   3 , 3  .
3/ 4 0
Now , det ( A)  0 0
0
0  0.
M a rm a
e a
 2 2 4 4 3 3
0 0 5 / 4
E
JE iv .S h   
4. A  1 3 4  , B1   1 0 1 


IIT -
c t .K  1 2 3  4 4 3 

2.
b je Er .L T

O
 4 1 4 
adj ( B1 )   3 0 4
 3 1 3

 B2  adj ( B1 )  B1
 B2  B3  B4  ....  B1
 B2  B3  B4  ....  B100  99 B1

 f ( )  1  1  0 
from figure ,  
   0  0  2 
  1 
5. det ( M )  det ( A).det B12  AB22  A2 B32  ...100 terms 
 f ( )  1  2  det ( M )  0 ( det ( A)  0)

4  2
  (1  2 )    8  2 2 4   x   3
4
6.  1 3 4   y    0 
 point B is (8 , –15).
 1 2 3   z   4 
Now , line AB is given by 3x  2 y  6  0
8 1
 4  x
2
3x  6   x .(adj A)C2
det ( A)
 Area  
2 

 4

2 
 dx
 1 2 4   19 
125 adj ( A)   1 2 4  and (adj A)C2   19 
 Area  Square units.
3 1 0 4   19 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [66]

  (adj A)C2  0  /2
sin(2n  1) x
 matrix equation has no solution 

0
sin x
dx

1  a3 a 2b a 2c Let U n  U n 1  J n
7.   ab2 1  b3 b2c  /2
sin(2n  1) x  sin(2n  3) x
ac 2
bc 2
1 c 3  J n  J n 1 

0
sin x
dx

Multiply R1 , R2 , R3 by a , b and c respectively

 /2  /2
2sin x.cos(2n  2) x dx

1
aa 4
ab3
a c3 

0
sin x
2
 cos(2n  2) x dx
0
  ab3 b  b4 b3c
abc
 /2
ac3 bc 2 c  c4 sin(2n  2) x
 2. 0
(2n  2) 0
Taking a , b , c common from c1 , c2 and c3 respectively

1  a3 a3 a3  J n  J n 1  J n  2  .....  J1 
2
  b3 1  b3 b3

c3 c3 1  c3  U n  U n1   n  N  {1}

s
2
Apply R1  R1  R2  R3 and then simplify

tic U1 U 2 U 3

a  U 4 U5 U 6  0
3 3 3
   (a  b  c  1)  11

m
U 7 U8 U 9
 a3  b3  c 3  10
 Possible triplets are

t h e
a
10. For non-trivial solutions ,   0
(1 , 2 , 1) , (1 , 1 , 2) and (2 , 11)
a
E e M h arm  sin  cos

JE iv .S
 1 cos  sin   0
2cos 2 x sin 2 x  sin x

- t
1  sin  cos
T c K
2

II .
8. f ( x)  sin 2 x 2sin x cos x

je Er .L
sin x  cos x 0   (1)  1(2sin  cos  )  1(sin 2   cos 2  )  0

2 O
0
b
Apply C1  C1  (2sin x)C3 and C2  C2  (2cos x)C3

 sin x
   (sin 2  cos 2 )

  2  2
 f ( x)  0 2 cos x Now , possible integral values of   1 , 0 , 1
sin x  cos x 0
2 ax 2ax  1 2ax  b  1
 f ( x)  2(cos 2 x)  sin x (2sin x)
11. f '( x )  b b 1 1
 2(sin 2 x  cos 2 x)  2 2 ax  2b 2 ax  2b  1 2 ax  b
 /2 Apply C1  C1  C2 and C2  C2  C3
 I
0
(2  0) dx  
1 b  2 2 ax  b  1
f '( x )  1 b  2 1
Lest integer just greater than I  4
1 b 1 2ax  b
 /2
 1  cos 2nx  Apply R3  R3  R2 and R1  R1  R2
9. U n 
  1  cos 2x  dx
0 0 0 2ax  b
f '( x )  1 b  2 1
 /2
cos(2n  2) x  cos(2nx ) 0 1 2 ax  b  1
U n  U n 1 
 (1  cos 2 x)
dx
0  f '( x)  2ax  b
 /2  
5
2sin(2n  1) x.sin( x)  5a  b  0  f '    0 


0
2sin 2 x
dx
 2
  

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [67]

 Now , f ( x)  ax2  bx  c
f (0)  2  c  2
f (1)  a  b  c  1
 a  b  1
1 5
5a  b  0 and a  b  1  a  ,b
4 4

x2  5x  8
 f ( x) 
4
(a) a  b  1
8
(b) f (s)  2
4
(c) x2  5x  8  | x  1|

for x  1 , x 2  4 x  7  0  no solution

for x  1 ; x2  6 x  9  0  x  3

s
f (x)

c


i
 f ( x)  x 1

t
(d) lim  2    0
x   x  1  4

m a
e
12. Using Cramer's Rule
  ( k  2)(k  1)2

1  (k  1)(1  k 2 )
at h a
 2  (k  1) 2
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
3  (k 2  1)2
IIT -
c t .K
(a) k  1    1   2   3  0

b je Er .L
O
All the three equations reduces to x  y  z  1
 Infinitely many solutions.
(b) k  1  system may have unique solution or
no solution
(c) k  R  1 ,  2    0
 Unique solution exist
(d) k  1 ,  2  System may have infinitely may
solutions or no solution

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [68]

 Chapter No -9 ( Logarithm )

1 1 1
1. Let L  log 49 28    1
x 1 y 1 z  1
1
 L  log72 (7  22 )  (log7 7  log 7 2)
2
 ln 12  ln 24  ln 36 
1 1 7. 1  abc  1     
 L   log7 2   m  ln 24  ln 36  ln 48 
2 2
ln 12
2m  1  1  abc  1 
 L ln 48
2
ln (48 12)
 1  abc 
ab 1 ln 48
2. ln    ln (ab)
 2  2
ln (24)2
 1  abc 

s
2
ab ln 48

ic
    ab

t
 2   1  abc  2(bc )
 (a  b)2  4ab  0  (a  b)2  0

m a
 ab (a , b  R  )

t h e 8. a x  b  x  log ab

a
Similarly , y  logb c and z  logc a
a
M m
log 3 5 log9 36 4 log9 7
3. (81)  (27)  (3)
r
 xyz  (log a b)(logb c )(logc a)
3
(3) 4log3 5  (9) 2
log9 36
E e
JE iv .S h a
 (3) 2 log3 7
 xyz  1

- t


IIT c .K
je Er .L
3
9. Apply tan(90   ).tan   1
(5) 4  (36) 2  (7) 2

b


O
89  89 
 625  216  49  890
  
r 1
log3  tan(r )   log3 

 r 1
tan(r ) 


 16 7  25 5  81 3 
4. log   .   .     log31  0
 15   24   80  
2 3 n
 (228 )(510 )(312 )  10. log a 2  loga 2  log a 2  .... log a 2
 log  7 3 5 4 3
 (5  3) (3  2 ) (2  5)   log a (2.4.8.16. ....2n )
28 10 12 n ( n 1)
 (2 )(5 )(3 )  n(n  1)
 log  10 12 27   loga (2) 2  log a 2
 (5 )(3 )(2 )  2

 log 2  log 2

11. log5 x 2  x  5  1
5. A  log 2 log 2 (4)  4log 2 2  x 2  x  5  25
A  log2 2  4  5  x2  x  20  0  x  5 or 4

lnb  ln c ln a  lnb  ln c 0.1 1

6. x   ( x  1)  12. 0.1  0.01  0.001  .....    
ln a ln a 1  0.1 9
1 ln (a) log
1
  20  9 
( x  1) ln (abc )  (0.05)    (20) 2 log 20 9  81

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [69]

 3 ln 3   3 9 11
13. a  log12 27  a   , , ,
ln 3  ln 4 4 4 4 4 4

3 ln 3  ln 4
  18. log0.5 ( x 2  6 x  12)  2  log0.5 0.5
a ln 3

 ln 3  ln 2 
log0.5 ( x 2  6 x  12)  log0.5 (4)
3  a 2 ln 3  ln 4
   2 
3 a ln 4  2 ln 2   0  x 2  6 x  12  4

 3 a   x 2  6 x  12  0 and x 2  6 x  8  0
    log6 2
 3 a   ( x  3)2  3  0 and ( x  2)( x  4)  0
 3 a   x   2 , 4
 log6 16  4  
3a 
log ( x 1)
14. log n 2  log n 3  log n 4  ....  log n 2010 19. 2 2
 ( x  5)

 log n (2010)!  1 ( n  (2010)!)  x  1  0 and x  5  0 ....(i)

2log ( x 1)
( 2) 2
 ( x  5)
15.

ics  ( x  1)2  ( x  5)  x 2  3x  4  0

at  x  1 or x  4 ....(ii)

m
from (i) and (ii) , x  (4 , )

t h e
a
 x2

a  1
20. log0.2 

M
 x 

rm
E e
JE iv .S h a  x2
 log0.2 
1
  log0.2  
- t
 x   5

IIT c .K
je Er .L x2 x2 1

b
numbers of solutions = 1   0 and 
x x 5
16. logcos x (sin x)  2
 sin x  0 ; 0  cos x  1
O .... (i)

4 x  10
x
0

 logcos x (sin x)  logcos x (cos x)2 

 5
x    ,    (0 , )
 2
 sin x  (cos x) 2

 sin x  1  sin 2 x  0 x2 2x 2

1 1
2
 sin x  sin x  1  0 21.    
 2 2
1  5 1  5
  sin x  ....(ii)  x2  2 x  2
2 2
from condition (i) and (ii)  x2  2x  2  0
 x  ( , 1  3)  (1  3 , )
5 1
0  sin x 
2
 5 x  x2 
17. log (sin x )  0 ; x  [0 , 4 ] 22. log x    0
 4 
1
2

sin x  0  log1/ (sin x)  log1/ 2 1 5 x  x2

2 Case (i) 0  x  1 and 0 ....(i)
4
 sin x  0 and sin x  1
 5x  x2 
 0  sin x  1 log x   log x 1
Now , values of x which are integral multiples of  4 
 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [70]

 5x  x 2 26. Let log 3 x  y , 3  ( x)log x 3
  1  x2  5 x  4  0
4 3 2 5 1
y  y
2y
 x  ( , 1]  [4 , ) ....(ii)  ( x) 4 4  ( x)

3 2 5 1
from (i) and (ii) , x  (0 , 1)  y  y  0
4 4 2y
5x  x2
Case (ii) x  1 and 0 ....(iii)  3 y3  4 y 2  5 y  2  0 , y  0
4
 ( y  1)( y  2)(3 y  1)  0
 5x  x2 
log x   log x 1
 4   log3 x  1 ,  2 , 
1 1 1
 x3, , 3
 
3 9 3
5 x  x2
 1
4  8ax 
2
27. ln( x 2  15a 2 )  ln(a  2)  ln  
 x  5x  4  0 a2
 x  [1 , 4] ....(iv) x  9 satisfy the above equation
from (iii) and (iv) , x  (1 , 4]  72a 
 ln(81  15a 2 )  ln(a  2)  ln 

s

a2

c
From case (i) and (ii) , x  (0 , 4]  {1} .

ati 
81  15a 2

72a
( a  2)

m
log 2 24 log 2 192 a2 (a  2)

e
23. 
log96 2 log12 2

h
 15a 2  72a  81  0


at
 log 2 24  log 2 96    log 2192  log 212 
a
 (a  3)(5a  9)  0

M rm
1  log 212  log2 96   1  log 2 96  log212 
E e h a
 a  2 , a  3 is applicable value of 'a'.

JE iv .S
24 x 
 log2 96   log 212  log 2 96   New ln( x 2  15(9))  log (1)  log 
- t


IIT c .K  1 

je Er L
 log212    log212 log 2 96 
. x 2  15(9)  24 x  0

b

 log2 96  log 212  log2 8  3

O
 ( x  9)( x  15)  0
 x  15 is other solution.
 7
24. 2 log3 (2  5)  log3 2  log3  2 x  
x
 2 28. p  log 20 3
 7 
 (2 x  5) 2  2  2 x   If p is rational number , then log 20 3  , where
 2 
 22 x  10(2 x )  25  2(2 x )  7  ,   I  {0}
2x x 
 2  12(2 )  32  0
 (20)   3  (20)  (3) 
 (2 x  4)(2 x  8)  0
Now , (20)  (3)  because non-zero even number is
 2 x  4 or 8
never equal to non-zero odd number
 x  2 or 3  p is irrational number..
for x  2 , log3 (2 x  5) is not defined 1 log 20  log 4 log 5 
     11
 x  3 is only applicable value. p log 3  log 3 log 3 

 x2   27  1 1
25. log    log   ;  x  0   2  p  ....(i)
2 x p 2
   6 
1 log 20 log 20
x 27 Now   3. 3
   x9 p log 3 log 27
2 6

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [71]

 1 1 3
 3  p ....(ii)  2 p 2  p  3  0 ,  p  1 ;
p 3 2
1 1 3 1
from (i) and (ii) p lies in  ,  Now , p  1 , q  3 , and p  ,q
3 2 2 2
1 
 ( x , y )   , 64  and  x , y   (8 , 2)
2
29. If x  1 ,  log10 x   2log10 x  3  0 4 

 log10 x  3 log10 x  1  0 1 

 , 64  is not applicable because x  (1 , )
4 
 log10 x  3 ;  1
 x  y  8 2  6
1
 x  1000 ,
10
6 log x.log a.log 5
If x  1 , then L.H.S = R.H.S 32.   (a ) a 10 a
Similarly , if x = 2 ; then L.H.S = R.H.S 5

1 6 loga x.log10 a


S   , 1 , 2 , 1000
10
 
5

(a )log a 5 
 

s
6 log10 x
 5
c
 

i
2 2 5

t
30. log 2 x 3 x  1  log (2 x  3) x  log (2 x 3) (2 x  3)

a
 x
Case (i) 0  (2 x  3)  1 and x  R  {0} ....(i)    3
log10  
 (9) log100 x  log 4 2

m
 10 

e
2 2
log (2 x 3) x  1  x  2 x  3

h
1 1

t
2 log10 x  
 log10 x  1 2 2
    3  (3) 

a
x2  2 x  3  0  ( x  3)( x  1)  0 ....(ii)
a


M rm 3 log 10 x
 3 

e
log10 x 1

a
from (i) and (ii) , x    ,  1     3
 2 
E
JE iv .S h
3

IIT -
Case (ii) 2 x  3  1 and x  R  {0}
c t .K ....(iii)
 3 log 10 x

je Er L
log10 x 10 log10 x

.
2 2
   3  3   3

b
log2 x 3 x  1  x  2 x  3 3 3

O
 x2  2 x  3  0  ( x  3)( x  1)  0 ....(iv) If     0 , then   

from (iii) and (iv) , x  (1 , 3) 6 log10 x 10 log10 x

 5  3
5 3
 3 
From the case (i) and (ii) , x    ,  1   1 , 3 log10 x
 2   5 25 x
     x  100  5
 3 9 4
 3 
 S    , 3   {1}
 2 
 2 3 4 
33. M  log2  sin .sin .sin .sin 
8  5 5 5 5 
31. log y x  log x y  and xy  16
3   4 2 3 
 M  log2  sin .sin .sin .sin 
log 4 x log 4 y 8  5 5 5 5 
   and log 4 x  log 4 y  2
log4 y log4 x 3   2 
M  log 2  sin 2 .sin 2   sin(   )  sin  
Let log 4 x  p and log4 y  q  5 5 

p2  q2 8 1
M  log 2  1  cos
2  4 
  and p  q  2 1  cos 
pq 3 4 5  5 

 3( p  q)( p  q)  8 pq and p  q  2 M  log 2  1  cos 72 1  cos144    2

 6( p  q)  8 pq ; q  2  p  log 2  1  sin18 1  cos 36    2
 6( p  2  p)  8 p(2  p)

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [72]

  5  1  5  1  
 log 2 1   1   2
 4   4  


 20 
M  log2    2  log 2 5  4
 6 
M  4  log 2 5  (2) M  4  (2)log2 5  5

ln a ln b ln c
34. Let   
( y  z) ( z  x) ( x  y)

 ln a   ( y  z )  a  e ( y  z )
Similarly , b  e ( z  x) and c  e ( x  y )
2
 yz  z 2 2
 zx  x 2 2
 xy  y 2
Let x  ( a ) y .(b) z .(c ) x
3
 z3 ) 3
 x3 ) 3
 y3 )
 x  (e )  ( y .( e)  ( z .(e) ( x
 e  1  x 1

ics
t
x

a
35. x  log10 (2  1)  xlog10 5  log10 6

   
m
 log10 10 x (2 x  1)  log10 5 x (6)

 10 x (2 x  1)  5x (6)
t h e
 22 x  2 x  6  0

M a rm a
2   E e a
x
 3 2x  2  0

JE iv .S h
2x  2  x  1
IIT -
c t .K
 (2 x  3)  0

je Er


.L
O b

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [73]

 Chapter No -10 ( Functions )

 ( x  1)(2  x )  1  1 
1. f ( x)  loge   is NOT an add function  g   x   g   x 
 ( x  1)(2  x )   2   2 
because f (1)   f (1).
1 
 g ( x ) is symmetrical about point  , 0 
4 2
x  x 1 2 2
( x  1)  x 2 2 
If option (a) , 2 2

( x  x  1) ( x 2  x  1) 2
6.
 x4  x 2  1   x2  x 1 
 f ( x)  loge  2   log e  2 
 ( x  x  1) 2 
   x  x 1
 f ( x)  f ( x)  0  f ( x) is odd function

s
2. f ( x)  log(2 x1) ( x  1)
(2 x  1)  0 , 2 x  1  1 and ( x  1)  0

tic
 x
1
; x  1 and x  1
m a
e
2
 Domain of f ( x) is (1 , )

at h a
from graph , (a  1)  2  a  3 and b  R

24
3 r
  4  100   0 
3 3
E e M
r  99

h arm   x ; x Q

JE iv .S
3.   
4  4 100  100 7. f ( x)  g ( x )  
- t
r 0  x ; x Q

IIT c .K
je Er .L
99
3 r 3 r  174 Range of f ( x )  g ( x ) is R and every output for the
  4  100   75
b
 1    comporition appears once only.
 4 100  100

O
r 25

99
3 r log | x  2 |
   4  100   75
r 0
8. f ( x) 
|x|
; 0   1

 x  0 , 0  | x  2 | 1
 2   x  0 , x  2 and  1  ( x  2)  1
4. Fundamental period of f ( x )   
 a   1  x  3 and x  {0 , 2}
  Domain of f ( x) is [1 , 3] – {2}
fundamental period of g ( x ) 
2
2  x
   a4 9. cos x     0 , 2 
a 2 6

5. g ( x)  f ( x)  1 .... (i)
 g (1  x)  f (1  x)  1 .... (ii)
Adding (i) and (ii)
 g ( x )  g (1  x)  f ( x)  f (1  x )  2
 g ( x )  g (1  x)  0

1  number of solutions = 3
Replace x by   x 
2 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [74]

  f (2 x  7)  f (2 x  11)  2 .... (ii)
 x
10. If x   3 , 6  , then    1 from (i) and (ii) , f (2 x  3)  f (2 x  11)  0
3
 f (2 x  3)  f (2 x  11)
 f ( x)  x  1  f 1 ( x)  x  1
 f (2 x  3)  f  2( x  4)  3

 1  x  x2  x 4  1  Now , if fundamental period of f ( x) is T , then

11. f ( x )   
 x 2 
 x   T
 4  T 8
2
 1  1 
 f ( x)   x   1 x 2  2 
 x  x  17. Let f ( x )  | x  1|  | x  2 |  | x  3 |
1
 x  2  2  R
x

 1   1 
f ( x)   x    1  x 2  2   (2  1)(2)
 x   x 
 f ( x )  6 ,  Range of f ( x) is [6 , )

s
12. Putting x  7 and then x  11
 3 f (7)  2 f (11)  100 .... (i)

tic
3 f (11)  2 f (7)  140 .... (ii)

m a 5 3 5

e
from (i) and (ii) , f (7)  4 from graph ,  f ( x )  6  x  (0 , 4)   , 

h
2 2 2

13. For odd function , f ( x)  f ( x)  0

at a 
 3 5 
x 0 ,    , 4

M rm  2 2 

e a
 x 2  1  x 2  1
   0
E
JE iv .S h
t
     
- K
T c
18. 2  | y  x |  | y  x |  4
II .
je Er .L
2
 x  1 y  x  0 and y  x  0  1  y  2 ....(i)

b
  0
  
2
O  
If x  [2 , 2] , then ( x  1)  1 , 5

 x2  1
If   (5 , ) , then  0
  

14. f ( x )  sin(3x  [3x ])

 f ( x )  sin{3x}
1
 T
3
Above graph represents the case (i) , similarly other 3
cases may be plotted.
15. f ( x) is onto for all x  R

 ( x 2  x  a)  0  x  R
1
 (1  4a)  0  a 
4

16. f (2 x  3)  f (2 x  7)  2  x  R .... (i)

Replace x by (x + 2)

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [75]

 Area  (4) 2  (2)2  12 square units 23. f ( x)  sin 1 ( x 2  5 x  5)

 1  ( x2  5 x  5)  1
19. e |x|  | x  2 |  1  | x |  |  x | 
 x 2  5 x  6  0 and x 2  5 x  4  0
 x  1 , 2  3 , 4

   
24. f ( x)  cos 2 x  cos2   x   cos x.cos   x 
3  3 

    
 f ( x)  cos 2 x  cos   x  cos   x   cos x 
3   3  
from graph , number of solutions = 4       1 
 f ( x )  cos 2 x  cos   x   2sin  x   .    
3   6   2 
20. If f ( x) is investible , then f ( x) is bijective
   
3
 f ( x )  cos 2 x  cos   x  sin  x  
x 3   6
f ( x)   (m  1) x 2  (m  5) x  11
3
1         
 f ( x)  (cos 2 x  1)   sin   2 x   sin     

s
f ( x) is cubic polynomial , hence range of f ( x) is R. 2   2   6   
Now , f '( x)  0  f ( x) is increasing

tic 1 1

a
f ( x)   cos 2 x  1  cos 2 x  
2 2 2
 f '( x)  x  2(m  1) x  (m  5)  0  x  R

 4(m  1)2  4(m  5)  0

em 3   3

h
 f ( x)   f  

t
4 8 4

a
 m   1 , 4
a 
 number of integral values of m  6

E e M h a
rm
 25. 10 x  21  x 2
0

21.  3 
log a x
 3 x
log a 3
2
-JE v
IIT cti .L.K
.S  [ x]  3[ x]  7   0

je Er
 3  [ x]  7  3  x  8
  x log a3
 3 x 
log a 3
2

  x log a3

1
2 O b 26. f ( x )  (sin x  sin 3x )sin x

 f ( x)  (4sin x  4sin 3 x)sin x

log3a
1 log3 2
 x   a  f ( x)  4sin 2 x(1  sin 2 x)
2
 f ( x)  (sin 2 x)2  0
22. Let f ( x)  x4  18 x2    2  f ( x ) is non-negative  xR
3
 f '( x)  4 x  36 x  4 x( x  3)( x  3)
2 | x|
27. x  4 x  5  e
 critical points for f ( x) are x  0 ,  3
 e| x|  ( x  2) 2  1

If f ( x )  0 is having four real roots , then f (0)  0

and f (3)  0
f (0)    2  0    2
f (3)  81  162    2  0    83
number of solutions = 0
    2 , 83

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [76]

 1  x x   x x 
28. f ( x )  1  2 34. f ( x )  f ( x )   x   1     x   1
( x  2 x  2)  e 1 2   e 1 2 

1  1 1 
 f ( x)  1   f ( x )  f ( x)  x  x  x  
( x  1)2  1  e  1 e x  1 
 R f  (1 , 2]  1 ex 
 f ( x)  f (  x)  x  x  x  
 e 1 1 ex
 
x 4 ( x  1)2 ( x  4)3  f ( x)  f (  x )  0
29. 0
( x  2) 4 ( x  6)5  f ( x)  f (  x)  f ( x ) is even function

x 4 ( x  1)2 ( x  4)3
 0 {x} 1
( x  2)4 ( x  6)5 35. f ( x)   1
1  {x} 1  {x}
 1  1  { x}  2
x  [4 , 6)  {  2}  1
 R f  0 , 
Set of integral values of  2
x    4 ,  3 , 1 , 0 , 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 

ics (K ) x

t 36. f ( x)  ; K 0

a
30. f ( x )  0 have two distinct real roots  b  R (K )x  K

 D  0  (a  b) 2  4(1  a  b)  0

em ( K )1 x ( K )1 x . K

h
f (1  x)  

t
 b2  (4  2a)b  a 2  4a  4  0  b  R ( K )1 x  K ( K )3/ 2  x  K

 (4  2a)2  4(a 2  4a  4)  0

M a rm a K

e
 f (1  x ) 

E a
x
(K )  K

JE iv .S h
 (a 2  4a  4)  (a 2  4a  4)  0
 8a  8  0
IIT -
c t .K
Now f ( x )  f (1  x )  1

je Er .L
 a  1  a  (1 , )

b
37. g  f ( x)   f  g ( x) 

31.
(ln x )2  3 ln x  3
(ln x  1)
1  0 O  | x|   x
If x  [0 , ) , then  | x |    x 
2
(ln x  2)
  0  ln x  1 If x    , 0  , then  | x |    x
(ln x  1)
 x  (0 , e)
 | x|  [ x] is true for x  R

38.
32. g ( x)  1  {x} ; f ( x)  sgn( x )
As g ( x)  [1 , 2)  x  R , f  g ( x)   sgn  g ( x)   1

 f  g ( x)   1

 f  g ( x)    g ( x )   x  R

33. If x  Q , then f  f ( x)   x

 f  f  f ( x)    x  x  Q from graph , | b |  | a |
If x  Q , then f  f ( x)   1  f ( x)  x  ba

 f  f  f ( x)    1  x  x  Q
x3
39. f ( x)  ; x  1
from above two coses , f  f  f ( x)    f ( x) . x 1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [77]

 43. Given functional relationship satisfy all the options
x3 (i.e. (a) , (b) , (c) and (d)).
3
3 x
f  f ( x)   x  1 
x 3 1 x 1 1 
1 44. Let x   ,
x 1  , where k  N Now , for
 k k 1
3 x 1
 f  f ( x)   ; x 1 |x|  ; n N
1 x n
x3   1 
3 f ( x)  | x |     | x |  | k |  
Now f  f ( f ( x))   x 1  x
 | x |  
x3
1
x 1  f ( x)  0

 f 3 ( x)  x  f ( x)  0  x  R
Hence f ( x) is both even and odd function.
 f 2100 (2009)  f 3(670) (2009)  2009
  45. f ( x )  3  3x  2 | x  2 |  | x  3 |
40. a  b  c  | a |  | b |  | C |
 4( x  1) ; x  2
 a , b , c are all simultaneously non-negative or 
f ( x)   4 ; 2  x  3
non-poritive.

s
 2( x  5) ; x3

c


i
f ( x )  (4  x 2 )  2  f ( x )  4  x 2  2

 2
(4  x )  0 and f ( x )  0
at
 
em
h
 f ( x ) must be non-negative  x  2 , 2

at a
M m
41. If f ( x) is invertible , then f '( x )  0  x  R in the
given case
E e ar from graph of f ( x) , range of f ( x) is R

JE iv .S
3x2  2k 2 x  5  2sin x  0  x  R h  f ( x) is onto (surjection)
- t


IIT c .K
je Er
No. of solutions for equation f ( x)  4  0 are
 (2k 2 )  4(3)(5  2sin x)  0
.L
b
infinitely many.
k 4  15  6sin x  0

O


 k 4

 15  6  0   1  sin x  1

 k4  9  0  (k 2  3)(k 2  3)  0

 k    3 , 3 

from graph , no. of solutions of the equation

42. f ( x  y )  f ( x ) f (a  y )  f ( y ) f (a  x ) .... (i)
f ( x) | 4sin( x) |  0 are 9.
Putting x  y  0  f (0) f (a)  f (0) f (a)
46. g  f ( x)   1  f ( x)  f ( x)  1 , 2
1
 f (a) 
2 1  ( x  3);  2  x  1and  2  ( x  3)  1
 g  f ( x)  
Put y  0 in eq (i) 1  ( x  1) ;  1  x  4 and  1  ( x  1)  4
f ( x )  f ( x ) f (a)  f (0) f (a  x )  x  4 ; x  2
 h( x )  g  f ( x )   
 f ( x )  f (a  x ) 2  x ; 0  x  4
Now , put y  (a  x ) in eq (i)
f (a)  f ( x). f ( x )  f (a  x ) f (a  x )

1 1  1
 2 f 2 ( x)   f ( x)   f ( x)   
2 2  2
 f ( x) is constant function.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [78]

 Now , domain of h( x ) is [0 , 4]  2 numbers then f ( x) must pass through the points
(0 , 3) and (3 , 0) with decreasing behaviour in interval
Range of h( x ) is  2 , 2
x   0 , 3 .

h( x)  2 sgn x 2  2 x  8 
 h( x )  2  ( x  1) 2
 7  0  x R 
 No. of solution = 2  i.e. x  2 and 0  .

47. A   x :  5sin x   cos x   6  0 , x  R

 5sin x   5 and [cos x]  1

 5  5sin x  4 and  1  cos x  0
4 Now , 9  3    0 and 0  0    3
 1  sin x   and  1  cos x  0
5    3 and 3    1  0

 4 3  Now ,  (3    1)  0  3 2      0

 x   (2 n  1)  sin 1   , 2 n  
  5  2 
  2      0    0 and   3
Now , f ( x)  3 sin x  cos x

ics   is root of equation  x 2   x    0 .

   
f ( x )  2 sin  x   
at  3  1

m
6  vertex point of f ( x) is x    x

e
  2 2


4  
2sin  (2 n  1)  sin 1      f ( x)
5 6 
at h a

3  1
2
 0 or
3  1
2
3

E e

M h arm3    1  1 

JE iv .S
 2sin  2n        , 0    , 2 .
 3  3 

t
 2 6
- K

3  4 3
 f ( x)   3 IIT c
je Er .L. 50. Apply f "( x )  0  x  R.

b
5

O
 f "( x)  36 x 2  48kx  48(6  k )  0
n
  x   3 x2  4kx  4(6  k )  0  x  k
48. f ( x)   r  sin  r  
r 1     (4k )2  4(3)(4)(6  k )  0
  x x  x  
  (1  2  3  ....  n)  sin( x )  sin    sin    ....  sin     k 2  3k  18  0  (k  6)(k  3)  0
   2   3   n  
 k  (6 , 3)
n(n  1)  x x
  sin x  sin  ....  sin 
2  2 n 51. f ( x) and g ( x ) are mirror images of one another about
 [n  x]  n  [ x] the line y  2  0
 at any location x   ,   R
Now , if x   0 ,   , then value of
f ( )  2  k and g ( )  2  k or vice-versa
 x x
sin x  sin 2  ....  sin n  can be 0 or 1  f ( )  g ( )  4    R
 
 h( x)  f ( x)  g ( x ) is constant function
 n(n  1) n(n  1) 
 Range of f ( x) is  ,  1  h ( x)  4  x  R
 2 2 
Now , h( x ) is many one and into.
 f ( x) is into and many-one function
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.

49. f ( x)   x2   x  
If f ( x) is bijective and  ,  ,  are non-zero real

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [79]

 52. tan x  sec x  2cos x
sin x 1
   2 cos x  cos x  0 
cos x cos x
 1  sin x  2cos 2 x
 2sin 2 x  sin x  1  0
(sin x  1)(2sin x  1)  0
 sin x  1 and sin x  1/ 2
 x   / 6 , 5 / 6 ( x  3 / 2)
 Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true.

 1  1
53. f ( x)  sin 1  x 2    cos 1  x 2  
 2  2

 1  2 1
for domain, 1   x 2    2 and  1   x    2
 2  2

3 3 1 5
 x2  and   x 2 

s
 

c
2 2 2 2

 0  x2 
3
2
ati
 Range of f ( x)   
em
Statement (1) is false.

at h a
 9  x2 
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
54.  ( x)  log 2  
 2 x 
- t
 

IIT c .K
je Er .L
 x  (3 , 2) and  ( x)  R

O 
 Range of f ( x) is 5 , 5
b
Now , f ( x)  3sin  ( x)   4 cos  ( x) 

Statement (1) and (2) are true and reasoning is

appropriate.

x
55. f : N  N and f ( x )  x   sgn  cos 2   .

  
sgn  cos x   1  x    , 
 2 2
Above statement is true because cos x is positive
 
in   ,  .
 2 2
Now , f ( x)  x  (1) x  cos(2) in negative 
f ( x) is one-one onto function
 Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning
is not appropriate.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [80]

 1.

from graph , C1 and C2 meet at infinitely many points

ics on the line y  2 x  0

at 6. If p  q , then (p , q) is not the common point of

em C1 and C2 .

Required area 
1
2

(40)2  (20) 2
at h a
 either C1 and C2 don't meet or they meet on the

M
line y  x  0.
 600 sq. units
rm
E
JE iv .Se h a 7. f (423)  f (324)  f (342)  432 f ( x) is many-one

IIT -
c t .K
and into

je Er
2. (190  36)  4  11 4  660.

.L
b
8. If  increases than value of  f ( )    also increases
3. Infinitely many points

O
4. If the points (4 , 2) and (2 , 4) lie on the curve ' C2 ' ,
but all the values are divisible by 9
 n0  9

then the points (2 , 4) and (4 , 2) lies on curve ' C1 '. 9. Maximum no. of possible distinct values of 
5!
  60  55.
2!

10. f ( x)  3x5  25x3  60 x  5

f '( x)  15 x4  75 x2  60

 15( x4  5x 2  4)

 15( x2  1)( x2  4)
 Critical points are 1 ;  2.
If f ( x ) and g ( x) both pass through A and B then
they must meet at point C also.
 Minimum No. of solutions of f ( x)  g ( x)  0
are 3


5. f ( x)  (cos x  2)dx , f (0)  0

 f ( x )  sin x  2 x g ( x ) is continuous  x  [4 , )

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [81]

 11.   (43 ,  21)  (11 , 33) By components and dividends.
No. of integral values of   42 x2  1  1
P  x 
x  x
12.   11 or 5
 Possible no. of values are two. 1 x
1
1  f ( x) 1 x  x
f  f ( x)   
13. f (3  x)  f ( x ) 1  f ( x) 1 x
1
1 x
 5(3  x )   5x 
 sin   cos  n(3  n)   sin   cos  nx    1   1
 n   n   f  f ( x)   f  f      x    P
  x   x
 15 5 x   5x 
 sin    cos  3n  nx   sin   cos nx   1
 n n   n 
L.H.S. = R.H.S. 1
 n  1 ,  3 ,  5 ,  15 17. x 2 f ( x )  2 f    g ( x) .... (i)
 x
 no. of possible values of n  8 Replace x by –x

14. x  y  | x |  | y | 1
 x 2 f (  x )  2 f    g (  x)
 x
 xy  0
 y  sin 1 (sin x) and y  x4  17 x 2  16
ics 1
 x 2 f ( x )  2 f     g ( x)

t
have .... (ii)
 x

a
same sign
Adding (i) and (ii)

em   1 

h
 2  x 2 f ( x)  2 f     0

at a
  x 

M m 1

E e ar  x 2 f ( x)  2 f  
 x
.... (iii)

JE iv .S h
IIT -
c t .K Replace x by
1

je r .L x
from graph ,
 3
x  
 2



O b
   E 
,  4   ,  1  0 , 1   , 4 
1
x2
1
 x
1
f    2 f ( x)  f    2 x 2 f ( x)
 x
 Integral values of x are 4 ,  3 ,  2 ,  1 ,  from (iii) , x2 f ( x)  4 x2 f ( x)
0 ,1, 4  3 x 2 f ( x)  0
No. of values = 7
 f ( x)  0 ( x  0)

15. f (n  2)  1  2! 3! 4! ....  n ! (n  1)! (n  2)!  f (4)  0

 f (n  2)  f (n  1)  (n  2)(n  1)!
| x  3 |  | x  1|
Now , f (n  1)  f (n)  (n  1)! 18. f ( x )  xR
| x  1|  | x  3 |
 f (n  2)  f (n  1)  (n  2)  f (n  1)  f (n)
 f (n  2)  (n  3) f (n  1)  (n  2) f (n)  2
1  x  1 ; x  3
 P (n)  n  3 and Q(n)  (n  2) 
  ( x  1) ; 3  x   1
Now , P (10)  Q (6)  (10  3)  (6  2)  2

 13  8  5  f ( x)   1 ; 1  x  1
 1
( P  1) ( x 2  x  1)2  ; 1 x  3
16.   x 1
( P  1) ( x 4  x 2  1)
 2
1  ; x3
( x 2  x  1)2
 x2  x  1   x 1
 2  2
2
( x  1)  x 2  x  x  1 
 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [82]

  sin  2 x  1 is only possible
 
 2 x  (2n  1) or x  (2 n  1)
2 4
  
 f   x : x  (2n  1) ; n  I 
 4 

1  x2  x  1 
(c) 3   2   3
 x  x 1

 1 
 Range of f ( x) is  tan 1   , tan 1 (3) 
  3 

(d) f ( x )  cos 1 x   sin 1 x 

(a) x  ( ,  3)  1  f ( x )  2
 cos 1 x   sin 1 x 
  f ( x)   1
(b) x   1 , 1  1  f ( x)  2

  f ( x)  1 or 2

ics
(c) x  [4 ,  2] 
3
 f ( x) 
5

at
m
2 3
  f ( x)   1
th e
(d) x  [2 , )  f ( x)  0  

Ma rm a
E
JE iv .S e ha
  

II  ct .L.K
-
19. (a) f ( x)  cos(sin x )  sin(cos x) ; x    , 
T  2 2

je  Er
from graph ,
 f ( x)   cos1 , 1  sin1

b
 cos1 x   sin 1 x   x   1 , sin1
   

O 
(b) f ( x)  cos  cos(sin x)  ; x  0 , 

 f ( x)   cos(cos1) , cos1

  
(c) f ( x )  cos(cos x ) ; x    , 
 2 2
 f ( x)   cos1 , 1

(d) f ( x)  cos sin   2 x  x2   3 

x  0 ,
 8 
 f ( x)   cos1 , 1  sin1

20. (a)  tan 2


2 x  cot 2 2 x  2  AM  GM 

 tan 2 2 x  cot 2 2 x 
 f ( x )  cos 1  
 2
 

 
 Domain of f ( x) is  
8

(b) f ( x)  log 3 (sin 2 2 x )

 log3 (sin 2 2 x)  0  sin 2 2 x  1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [83]

 Chapter No -11 ( Limits )

1. Apply L' Hospital's rule 5. 2 f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)  3 y 2  3 f ( x)  2 xy

4 4
x 4 .e  x (2 x) 2 e  x .x3 differentiate partially w.r.t. y
lim  lim .
x 0 sin( x 3 ).(3 x 2 ) x  0 3 sin( x 3 )  2 f '( x  y )  f '( x  y )  6 y  0  2 x
Putting y  0 and x  1
2  x4 2
 lim
x 0 3
e  
3  2 f '(1)  f '(1)  2  f '(1)  2
f ( x )  f (1)
1 lim  f '(1)  2
  2 (n  1) n x 1 x 1
2. Let L  lim  sin .sin .... sin 
n  2n 2n n  Alternative approach :
Taking natural log of both sides 2 f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)  3 f ( x)  3 y 2  2 xy
2( n 1)
 r   2  f ( x  y )  f ( x )   f ( x  y )  f ( x)  (3 y 2  2 xy )
 ln( L)  lim  ln  sin 

s
n   2n 

c
 f ( x  y )  f ( x)   f ( x  y)  f ( x) 

i
r 1
 2  

 ln ( L)  ln 
2
 sin  x 
  dx Putting
x
t
at  ( x  y)  ( x)   ( x  y)  ( x) 

m
 2  2 (3 y 2  2 xy )

e
0 

h
y

t
  /2

a
2 4
a
Apply limit y  0

 ln ( L)  ln(sin t ). 
dt  ln (sin t ) dt

M m
 

r
0 0  2 f '( x)  f '( x )  2 x
  /2
E
JE iv .S
1 e h a Putting x = 1

t


 -
ln 
K
c
ln (sin x )dx   f '(1)  2

II
2
T 2
.
je Er .L
 0 

b
ln (cos x )
1 1

O
 x
 ln( L)  2ln    L 6. L  lim  2sin 2   0 Form
2 4 x0  2
taking natural log of both sides
1 x

 f ( x )  x 1  ln ( L)  lim ln(cos x ). ln  2sin 2 
3. lim    1 form x0  2
x 1  f (1) 

  x   x
1 f ( x )  f (1) ln 1  2sin 2    . ln  2sin 2 
lim
 f ( x)  x 1  2   2
 lim   e x 1 ( x 1). f (1)
 ln( L)  lim 
x 1  f (1)  x 0  x
2    1 2  
x
 2sin  2     2 cosec  2  
    
 e f '(1) / f (1)  e 4 / 2  e 2
 x
n(n  1) ln  2sin 2 
4. 1  2  3  4  ....  n   2   
 lim  form 
2 x 0 1  2  x   
  cosec   
n(n  1)(2n  1) 2  2 
12  22  33  ....  n2 
2 Apply L' Hospital's Rule
-------------------------------------
1 2  x 
-------------------------------------  cosec     sin x 
Similarly sum of first n natural numbers with power 5 is  lim 2  2 
polynomial of n of degree 6 x0   x   x  x 1
 cosec  2   cosec  2  .cot  2  . 2 
 1  25  35  ....  n5          
 lim    0
n   n8
 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [84]
 sin x  x a b a b
 lim  lim  sin x   tan   0 (1  a  b ) x     x3     x5  ....
x 0  x  x0  2   2 3!   4! 5! 
cot    lim 1
2 x0 x3

 L  e  1 a b
If (1  a  b)  0 , then      1
2 6  
cot( x 2 )
7. lim(cos x )
x 0
1 
form   a  b  1 and b  3a  6
 5 3
 a   and b   

 lim  exp lim  cos x  1 .cot x 2
x 0
   a  b  4
 2 2 

 x
 2sin 2  3
 exp  lim 2  e 1/ 2  1 12. Taking
n
common from inner squared brackets

x 0 tan( x 2 ) e
 
2 2 2 2
  3  3   6  9  3n  
L  lim 1     1    1    ...1   
n  n  n  n  n  n 
 
8. lim f ( x)  lim f ( x  1)  lim f ( x  2)   n 2
x  x  x  1  3r 
 L  3 lim
n  n
 1  
 n

s
1 5  r 1

c
 lim f ( x )  lim  f ( x  1) 

i

f ( x  2) 

t
x  x  3 
1 1
 (3 x  1)3 

a
2
1 5   L  3 (1  3 x ) dx  3 
 3(3) 


m
      0  0

e
3 

t h
1 63
5  L  (64  1)  L

a
2 3 3

a
 2  5    
2

E e M h arm 5
13. Slope of normal to f ( x) at x  0 is 3

JE iv .S
As f ( x)  0 is given ,   lim f ( x) 

t
1
-
x  2

K
 f '(0)  

IIT c .
3


nx g ( x) 
b je Er .L L  lim 
 x2 

0 
 form 

O
e  f ( x )  nx  2 2 2
x 0  f ( x )  5 f (4 x )  4 f (7 x )  0 
 e   
9. lim
n   1  Apply L' Hospital's Rule
e nx 1  nx 
 e 
 2x 
 L  lim  2 2 2 
f ( x)  0
x 0  2 xf '( x )  40 xf '(4 x )  56 f '(7 x ) 
 lim  f ( x)
n  1 0 2 1 1
  
2 f '(0)  40 f '(0)  56 f '(0) 9 f '(0) 3

loge 1  6 f ( x ) 
10. lim  2  f (a)  0 
x a 1 14.
2 1 
lim   n  1 cos 1    n 
6 f ( x)  
2 n    n 

 2  n  1  1  1  
 lim n    cos    1
3 5
x x n    n  n 
11. Apply , sin x  x   ............ , and
3! 5!
2  1 1 
 lim n  1   cos1    1
x 2
x x 4 6 n     n  n 
cos x  1     .....
2! 4! 6! 1 2 1 1
If f     1   cos 1    1 , then f (0) = 0
n
   n n   
 x 2 x4   x3 x 5 
x  ax 1   .....   b  x   ..... 
2! 4!   3! 5!  1
lim  1  lim nf    f '(0)
3 x  n
x 0 x
d 2 1 
 limit   (1  x)cos ( x )  1
dx    x 0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [85]

 Apply L' Hospital's Rule
2  1  2
 limit  (1  x )    cos 1 ( x )  0
  2    2 1 
 1 x  x 0 . 2 (2 x ) 
 2
ln ( x ) x
 
 exp  lim 
2 2   x0 1 
 limit  ( 1)  .  0  2
  2  x 
2
 1  4 x 
  exp  lim 0
2 
 x 0 ln( x ) 

sin(   sin 2 x)
15. lim
x 0 tan 2 x  2 f ( x)  x 2 f ( )
18. lim 1
x x
sin( sin 2 x )
 lim  sin(   )  sin   Apply L' Hospital's Rule (differentiate w.r.t.  )
x 0 tan 2 x
2 f ( x )  x 2 f '( )
2
sin( sin x)   sin x  2  lim 1
 lim . 
 x 1
x 0 ( sin 2 x)  tan 2 x 
   2 xf ( x)  x 2 f '( x)  1

s
 x 2 f '( x )  2 xf ( x )   1 

c
16. g ( x)  e1 x for x  1

i
     2 2 

t
 ( x2 )2   ( x ) 

a
 g '(1 )  e1 x (1)  1
x 1

m
d  f ( x)  1
  2  4

e
2m 2m dx  x  x
( x  1) ( x  1)

h
Now lim  lim
 
t
n x 1 nloge (cos( x  1))
x 1 loge cos ( x  2)

a
f ( x) 1 2
a
   c , Now f (1)  1  c 

M
2 3

m
Apply L' Hospital's Rule x 3x 3

2 m( x  1) 2m 1
E e ar 2 2 1
lim  g '(1 )  1
JE iv .S h  f ( x)  x 

- t
x 1
n ( tan( x  1)) 3 3x

II T c .K
je Er .L
2m  ( x  1) 2 m 1 
2 1 17
(a) f (2)  (4)  

b
 lim   1 3 6 16
x 1 n  tan( x  1) 

 m  1 and
2m
1  n  2
O
for finite non-zero limiting value , 2m  1  1
(b) f '( x) 
4
3
1
x 2 
3x
4 x3  1
3x2
n 
1
 f ( x ) has local minima at x  (4) 3
Now , m  2n  5 , 2m  n  4 , 2m  n  0
(c) f '( x)  0  x  [2 , )
x
17. (a) lim  L.H .L.  R.H .L. 4 2 
x 0 tan x
(d) f ''( x )    3   0  x  R 
 3 3x 
(b) lim (sin 3 x ) tan x  L.H .L. doesn't exist
x 0
 2x  x 
x 2 1

19. f ( x )  lim  cot 1  2  
 3x  1 2  2x k 0    k 
3
(c) lim  2    0
x  4 x  x  4
 
  2x 1 
2x    cot ( )  ; x  0
(d) lim ln( x )
x0
 2
  ( form) 
  2x


f ( x )    cot 1 ()  ; x  0

 exp lim 2 x. ln ln ( x 2 )
x 0
   
  2x 1 


  cot (0)  ; x  0
   

 exp  lim
2 ln ln x 2      
1   form 
 x 0      2x ; x  0
 f ( x)  
 x   0 ; x0
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [86]
 an
(a) f ( x) is non-decreasing for all x  R 22. a1  3 and an 1 
1  1  an 2
(b) f ( x) is differentiable for all x  R  {0}


3 Let an  tan  n   1 
 f ( x) dx   3
(c) 
1
2
tan( n ) tan( n )
 an 1  
(d) y  f (| x |)  0 , hence both even and odd 1  1  tan 2  n 1  sec( n )
function
 
  0  n  
x 2  3
 x 2  4 x  x 1
20. L  lim   (1 form) sin( n )  
x  x  x 2   an 1   tan  n 
  1  cos( n )  2 
  x 2  4 x  x 2    
 L  exp  lim  2
 1
 x  1    tan  n 1   tan  n 
 x  x  x     2 

 2 n
 3x   x    n 1 
 L  exp  lim  2    2

s
 x  x  x   x  1 

 L  e3
tic  2 

, 3 

, 4 

, ........

a
6 12 24

m 

    

e
 lim 1   x   x 2 x 1  e3  n 

,  tan  n   tan  n 1 

h
x 1 n 1 
 3(2 ) 

t
3 2
 
a
2

a
for finite limit , 1   x   x 1

M
x 1

m
  

r
Now , lim 2n (an )  lim 2n.tan 
 3(2n 1 ) 

e a
   0
E
n  n 

 -JE iv h
 

   3
t K.S
T c
 exp lim  x   x 2
.
e
II   

e L
x 1 ( x  1) 

j Er

.
tan  n 1 

b
Apply L' Hospital's Rule  lim  3(2 )   2

O
n   1  3
 (  2  x)  3  n
 exp  lim e 2 
 x 1 (1) 
Statement (1) and (2) are true but explanation is not
 (  2 )  3  (     )  3    3 appropriate.

n n
 (4 x 2  7 x)  (4 x 2 )  r (2r ) [( r  2)  2]2r
21. L  lim 
x  2
 4 x  7 x  2 x 
 23. Sn  
r 0
(r  2)!
 
r 0
(r  2)!

  2r 2r 1
 Tr  
 7x  (r  1)! (r  2)!
 
 L  lim   ( x 2  | x |)
x 
| x | 4  7  2 x  2n1
 x   Sn  1 
(n  2)!

  2n 1
  Now , lim ( Sn )  1  lim 1
 7x  n  n ( n  2)!
 L  lim  
x   
 x 4  7  2  Statement (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
  x
  appropriate.
  

7 24. Using Sandwich theorem ,

 L
4  1 2 n 
lim  2
 2
 .... L
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is True. n   1  n 1 n 1  n2 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [87]

  1 2 n 
 lim  2
 2
 .... 
n  n  n nn n  n2 

 n(n  1)   n(n  1) 
 2   2 
 lim  2   L  lim  2 
n  1  n
  n 
 n  n 
   

1 1 1
 L  L
2 2 2
Statement (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
correct.

n

25. L  lim (sin1)n  (cos1)n  n (0 form)


 L  lim sin1 1  (cot1) n
n 
 n

s
 (sin1) (1  0)  sin1

Now sin 1 ( L)  sin 1 (sin1)  1

tic
Statement (1) is true.

m a
 x
sin  cos 2  sin( x 2 )
2
t h e
a


a
lim
tan 2 x

M
x 0

rm
 lim 
 sin( x 2 )   2 x 
E e
JE iv .S h a
 sin  cos   1 sin(cos 0) 
- t
x  0  tan 2 x  2
 
T c K

II .
je Er .L
 sin1
Statement (2) is true.

O b

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [88]

 g ( x).sin 2 x 4.
1.   lim
x 0  x
f  2sin 2 
 2

2
 2 x
 2 sin  g ( x).sin 2 x
2
  lim  . 2
x 0  x
f  2sin 2   2 sin 2 x 
 2   
2

1 g ( x ).sin 2 x  f ( x) 
  . lim 2
  lim 2   
 x 0 (1  cos x)  x0 x 

s
g ( x ).(1  cos x)(1  cos x )

ic
   lim

t
x 0 (1  cos x ) 2

m
2 x 
a
e
 1  cos x   cos 2   

h
   lim g ( x ).    lim g ( x).   In OBN , ON  cos , BN  sin

t
x0  1  cos x  x 0  sin 2 x  2 2

a a
 2

M m
 1       sin 

r
 Area of OAB  2   sin  cos   

e a x2 2 2  2  2
E
 
g ( x) 
JE iv .S h 

t
g ( x)
-
   lim  4   1 
K
 lim

IIT c .
2 x 2 x  x2 In POB , cos   OP  sec

je Er
x 0 x 0 
L
tan tan 2 OP 2
2 
.
2 
4 

   4 lim
x0
g ( x)
x2 O b  1  
2
 lim x g   
x   x 4

 


PN   sec  cos 
2 2

1       
Now , PAB  2   sin   sec  cos  
2
  2  2 2 
g (cos 2 x  1) g (2sin 2 x )
2. lim  lim   1 
x 0 x4 x0 x4  A1   tan  sin  
 2 2 
g (2sin 2 x)  4sin 4 x 
 lim .    
x0 4sin 4 x  x 4  In PMD , PM  OP  1   sec  1
 2 
4
    sin x   g ( x)       MD
 lim   .4    xlim    tan    
x   4   x   0 x 2 4   2 2  PM
 
   
 MD   sec  1 .cot
 2  2
g ( x)  f ( x) Area of
3. lim  and lim 2  
x 0 x2 4 x 0 x

1        
f ( x).g ( x ) f ( x ).g ( x) (2 x 2 ) 2 PCD  2    sec  1 cot   sec  1 
 lim  lim . 2  2  2  2 
x0 sin 2 (2 x 2 ) x 0 4 x4 sin 2 (2 x 2 )
2
 f ( x)  g ( x )  
2    
 lim  2  2    A2   sec  1 cot
x  0  2 x  2 x  16  2  2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [89]

  1 3
 sin 
tan 
 A1  2 2 2
Now lim    lim 2
  0  A2    0   
cot  sec  1
2 2  A   A  A 
6. lim  2   lim  2   1 
  0  A3   0  A1   A3 

 
 1   1  3  3
sin   cos       (from solution of (4) , (5))
2  cos  2  4  2  8
 lim  2 
 0 2
  7. f ( x)  x sin(sin x)  sin 2 x
cos  1  cos 
2 2
     (sin x)3 (sin x)5 
sin cos  x  (sin x )   ....   (sin 2 x)
2 2   3! 5! 
 

 x x 
sin 2
 2 
sin 2
    x(sin x)  (sin x)3  (sin x )5 .... 
1  cos  1  cos   6 120 
2 2 2 2
 lim 2
 lim
 0    0    x 3 x5 
 1  cos  1  cos 

s
 2  sin x  x   .... 
 3! 5! 

c
 2

i


sin
 2

at  x
   (sin x )3 
x 
(sin x)5 .....  

m
 lim 2 4  6 120 
2 

e
 0 

h
 tan   x3 x5

t
 4 
 (sin x)  (sin x)..... 

a

a  6 120 


    sin  
 (1) 2  AOB   
E e M h arm  x3 x 

JE iv .S
5. A3    sin x   (sin x )2   (sin x )
2 2 2   6 6 
- t
 

IIT c .K
je Er L
 1
. x5 
tan  sin   x
(sin x)4 

b
 A1  2 2    .....
 lim    lim   120 120 

O
  0  A3   0  sin 

2 2 2
 x3 x  x3  
 sin x    x   .....    sin x
   6 6  3!  

 1 
sin   cos 
2  2  x  4

cos
2   x3  x 5 
 x  ....   .....
1  120  3!  120 
lim   sin    
 0  2
In above simplification it can be concluded that
  x3 x5
tan .sin 2 and also gets cancel and hence all the terms
 lim 2 2 6 120
 0 1   3  5  7  will contain the degree of 6 or more
 
  ..... 
2  3! 5! 7!   n6

 3  8. L  lim
 sin      .....  x 0
 3! 
 
 
 3 
sin x
2  
   1  1   2   2 3   2 
2 tan  sin 2  2    
ax  1 
x x
 ...   b  x 
x

x
...   cx  1 
x x
  ... 

2 2  2  2    1! 2!   2 3   1! 2! 
lim        
 0 31 
2
 4  1
    .....  6
 6 5! 7! 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [90]
    P( x)  ax4  bx3  x2
 sin 3 x 
 L  lim 
x 0   b  a b c
 P '( x)  4ax3  3bx2  2 x
x( a  b  c)  x 2  a   c   x3      ... 
  2   2 3 2   P '(1)  P '(2)  0

3 b  4a  3b  2  0 and 32a  12b  4  0

If L  ; then , a  b  c  0 , a   c  0
2 2 1
 a ; b  1
4
 
 sin3 x  3
x4
 L  lim    P( x )   x3  x 2  P (2)  0
x 0
 x3  a  b  c   x 4 (....)  ....  2 4
  2 3 2  
 sin x   tan x 
1 3 11. (a) lim  
  x0  x    x 

a b c 2
 
2 3 2  sin x   tan x 
 lim   lim 
Now, a  b  c  0 , 2a  b  2c  0 , 3a  2b  3c  4 x0  x   x 0  x 


 a  1 , b  4 and c  3  sin x tan x 

s   1 and  1

ic
 2b  a  c  6  x x 

at  0 1  1

m
n   n  m 1     2 x   3sin x  
 
e
9. Sn   m  r  (b) lim    
x  0   sin x 

h
   x 

t
m 1   r 1  

a a
n
 2 2  4

M m
 (n  m  1)(n  m  2) 

r (c) lim  x 2  2  lim  x3  3
 Sn  m 

e a
m 1 
2 
E
x0 x 0

JE iv .S h
- t
 2  lim 3  x 3 
T c K
n

II .
m 2

je Er
x 0

L
 Sn  m  (2n  3)m  (n  1)(n  2)
2
.
b
m 1  L.H .L  4 and R.H .L  5

O
n n n  L.H .L  R.H .L
m3 (2n  3) (n  1)(n  2)
 Sn    m2   m
m1
2 2 m1
2 m 1
 x  4 4 x 4
(d) lim         2  lim  
x0  2  x  x    x0 2  x 
 n(n  1) 2 (2n  3)  n(n  1)(2n  1) 
 20  2
 Sn   
8 12
(n  1)( n  2)  n( n  1)  12.
4  ( a  2) x 3  (3  c ) x 2  (b  3) x  (2  d ) 
L  lim  
x   x 4  ax3  3 x 2  bx  2  x 4  2 x3  cx 2  3 x  d 
S  1 4 1 1  
Now lim  n   8  12  4  24
n   n 4 
(a  2) x 3  (c  3) x 2  (b  3) x  (2  d )
 lim
L x  2  a 3 b 2 2 c 3 d 
 L  24 ,  8 x  1   2  3  4  1   2  3  4 
3  x x x x x x x x 

 b3 2 d 
10. Let P( x)  ax4  bx3  cx2  dx  e  ( a  2) x  (c  3)   2 
x x
 lim  
 P( x)  x   a 3 b 2 2 c 3 d 
Now ,  lim 1  2   2  1   2  3  4  1  2  3  4 
x0  x   x x x x x x x x 

dx  e  Now to get the finite limiting value 'L' , (a – 2) = 0 ,


 lim 1  ax 2  bx  c  2   2 c3
x0  x  b , d  R and L
2
 1  c  2 and d  e  0
 a  2 , c  2L  3 , b and d  R

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [91]

 (a) L  4  a  2 and c  5
 (c  a)  3
(b) L  2  a  2 and c  1
 c 1
(c) L  6  c  9 , a  2

If b  R , then (a  b)  2
(d) L  3  c  3 , a  2

If b  R , then (c  d )  3

ics
at
em
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [92]

 Chapter No -12 ( Continuity and Differentiability )

 3
 
1. f ( x )  min 2 , ( x  2) 2  1 , x3  2 , ,
in (0 , 2 ) are : x 
4 2
 Required no. of points = 3n.

5.

from graph of f ( x) , locations of non-differentiability

are : x  1 and 3

ics
t
 Required no. of points = 2.
f ( x) is non-differentiable for x  0 , ln 2


m a
e

2. f ( x)  | x |  | cos x |  tan   x   x  (1 , 2)

h
 4  f (1  h)  1

t
6. lim (Apply L'Hospital's Rule)
h ( h 2  3)

a
h 0

a
M
f ( x) is discontinuous at x 
m
and hence non-

r
4  f '(1  h)  f '(1)

e a
 lim 
E
2

JE iv .S h
differentiable. h0 3h  3 3

- t
New , locations of non-differentiability are :
T c r.L K
1
 
II
e .   30 x9  56 x 7  30 x 5  63 x 2  6 x 
j
x0, , 3 x 1

b E
4 2

O
53

cos x.sin y sin( x  y )  sin( x  y ) 3
3. 
sin x.cos y sin( x  y )  sin( x  y )
 f ( x) ; x  0
 1 7. g ( x)  
 f  2( x  y )   sin( x  y )  f '(0)    f ( x) ; x  0
 2
 g ( x)  f ( x )  x 3  x  x  R
 x
 f ( x)  sin    g ( x ) is continous  x  R
2
1  x 8. For continuity at x  1
Now , f "( x)   sin  
4 2 4 a  b 2  a b 2  0 ...(i)
 4 f "( x )  f ( x)  0 for differentiability at x  1
(2  3)  b  b  5
4. f ( x)  max sin x , cos x , 0  a3
 (a  3b)  18

9. f ( x) will have exactly three points of non-

differentiability if x 2  ax  b  0 have one positive

root and another root as zero.
 f (0)  0  b  0
from graph of f ( x) , locations of non-differentiability  x 2  ax  0  x  0 ;  a

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [93]

 Now , (a )  0  a  0 x
x2


b  0 and a  R is required condition
13. 
0
tf (t )dt  sin x  x cos x 
2

10. f ( x )   2 x3  5   xf ( x )  cos x  cos x  x sin x  x

 f ( x)  sin x  1
f (1)  3 and f (2)  11
 f ( x) is discontinous when it becomes the integer..   1
 f  
Required no. of points = 13 6
  2


11. lim (cos x  sin x )cosec x

x 0
1 
form  14. f ( x)   sin x    sin 2 x 
Points of discontinuity exist at :
 (cos x  sin x  1) 
 exp  lim    5 3 9 5
 x 0 sin x  x , , , , , 2 , , , 3
4 2 4 2 4 2
  sin x  cos x   Total no. of points of non-differentiability
 exp  lim 
 x 0 cos x  in (0 , 10)
9
1
 L.H .L 
e

s
 x

ic
 1 2 3   2 ; x0

t
 e y  e 2 y  e3 y  2 x  x
e  e  e x 
x x 

a
lim  2 3   lim  2y 3y  15. f ( x )   1 ; x0
x 0
 y   ae  be 

m
 x x  x
 ae  be 

e
 ; x0

h
 2 x 2  x

t
3y
e 
a
2 y
e  e y  1
a
1
 lim 

M m
3y  1
 ae  b
r
y  y
e b  2x 1 ; x  0

E e
JE iv .S h a 
f ( x)   1 ; x0
- t
1
T c K
 R.H .L   x
II .
je Er
b
L
 ; x0
.  2x  x

b
Now , for continuity of f ( x) at x  0

O
LHL at x  0 is 1  f (0)
1 1
a
e b f ( x) is discontinuous at x  0

1
 a and b  e
e 16. x  3t  | t | ; y  2t 2  t | t |

 1 for t  0 ; x  3t  t and y  2t 2  t 2
 (a  b)   e  
 e
 for x  0 ; x  2t and y  3t 2
12. f ( x)  f (2a  x )  f (a  x)  f (a  x ) 2 2
 x 3x
 y  3   y  .... (i)
f (  a  h )  f ( a ) 2 4
f '(a  )  lim
h 0 h
for t  0 ; x  4t and y  t 2
( f ( x) is odd function)
x2
  f (a  h)  f (a)  for x  0 , y  .... (ii)
f '(a )  lim 16
h 0 h
from (i) and (ii)
 f ( a  h)  f ( a )
 f '( a )  lim  3x 2
h0 h  ; x0
 4
 f (a  x )  f (a  x )  f ( x)  
2
x
 16 ; x  0

Now , f '(a )   f ' a

 
Now , f ( x) is continuous and differentiable at x = 0
 
f '( a  )  0  f '(a  )  0 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [94]
 2 2
17. f ( x)   x    x  x2
 f '( x)  3  x  f ( x)   3x  c
2
Let x  k ; k  I
for x  y  0
 f (k )  0
f (0)  f (0)  f (0)  0
lim f ( x)  ( k  1) 2  ( k 2  1)
x k  f (0)  0
 2k  2  2(k  1)
x2
 f ( x)   3x
lim f ( x)  ( k ) 2  ( k 2 ) 2
x k 
=0
Now , L.H.L. = R.H.L.  f (k ) 21. y  4  x 2 represents part of the circle x2  y 2  4
 2(k  1)  0  0 Similarly y  1  x 2 represents part of the conjugate
 0  0  0 at k  1
hyperbola  x2  y 2  1
 f ( x) is continous at x  1

18. f ( x)  e x1  1  x  [0 , )

 f (1)  1  1

ics
 f (1)  0  f (1)  0

at
em
x 1
Now , f ( x )  f (1)  e  1


f ( x )  f (1)

e x 1  1

at h a
from graph of f ( x) , options (a) and (c) are true.

M m
x 1 x 1

E e ar  x  y  2  f ( x)  f ( y )

JE iv .S h
Apply limit x  1 22. f  

t
 3  3
- K
T c
 f '(1)  1
II .
je Er L
for x  y  0
 nan  (n  1)an 1  ....  a1  1.
.
h
0 O b f (0) 
2  2 f (0)
3
 f (0)  2

1/ h  x  y  0  f (0)  f ( x)  f ( y )
19. f '(0 )  lim 1  e  f
3

3
h 0 h  
 f ( x)  kx  2
 f '(0 )  lim (1  e1/ h ) 1  0
h0
 f ( x)  2 x  2  f '(0)  2 
h
1/ h
0 1 2 2
f '(0 )  lim 1  e 3
h 0 h   2 x  2 dx  2
and  f  x  dx   f (1)dx  4
1 1 1
1 options (a) , (b) and (d) are correct.

 f '(0 )  lim 1  e
h 0
 1/ h
 1

 f '(0 )  0 ; f '(0 )  1 23. f ( x )  sin 1 (sin x )  x  R

20. f ( x  y )  f ( x )  f ( y )  xy
f ( x  y )  f ( x) f ( y )
  x ( y  0)
y y

f ( x  y)  f ( x) f ( y)
Now , lim  lim x
y 0 y y 0 y
n
from graph , f ( x) is non-differentiable  x 
2
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [95]
  b 1
y log3 x meet f ( x) at five locations. Now , f '(0  )  f '(0 )  
2 4c 2 8
  1
 64b2  c 2  4  options (b) and (c) are correct.
  f ( x) dx  0 
0

1
1 dx  0     2 .
26. Statement (2) is true , but statement (1) is not always
true.
1 ; x  n
y  sgn  f ( x )    If limiting value of g ( x ) at x  a is approaching to
0 ; x  n
options (a) , (b) and (c) are correct.  from same side , then lim f  g ( x)   f lim g ( x)
x a
 xa

 for example :
sin [ x]
4 sin x
24. f ( x )  Let f ( x)  sgn ( x  1) and g ( x) 
[ x] x
sin x 
 
sin   Now lim   1
x 0  x 
lim f ( x )  4  1
x  2 1 2  sin x 
 lim f  g ( x )   lim sgn   1
 
x 0 x 0  x 
sin  

s
2  1

c
 sin x 

i
lim f ( x )   sgn  lim  1  1

t
x 2 2 2  x0 x 
 f ( x) is discontinuous at x  2

m a 27. g ( x)  [ x2  3x  4]  x  R

e
Similarly , f ( x) is continous at x  1.5 .

h
output of g ( x ) is integral

t


a
25. lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  f (0)
x 0 x0
a sin( g ( x))

M m
 f ( x)   0  xR
c a 1
 b sin 1    
E e ar
(for continuity at x  0)
1  [ x]2
2 2 2
JE iv .S h  f ( x ) is continous  x  R

IIT -
c t .K Statement (1) is false and satement (2) is true

je Er L
 1 
.
 a  1 and c  2sin  

b
 2b  | x | 1 ; x  0
28. Statement (2) is false. Let g ( x)  

O

for differentiability , f '(0 )  f '(0 ) 
 1 ; x0

y  g ( x ) is discontinuous at x  0 but y  | g ( x ) | is
eh / 2  1 1
 continous at x  0 .
f '(0 )  lim h 2
 a  1
h 0 h
29. Statement (2) is false because f ( x) is having a unique
2e h / 2  2  h
 f '(0 )  lim vertical tangent at x  2
h0 2h2
30. g ( x)  sin x  x  [0 , )
 h 1  h 2 1  h 2 
2 1        ....   2  h
 2 2!  2  3!  2  
 lim  2

h0 2h

1
 f '(0  ) 
8

ch 1
b sin 1  
  2  2
f '(0 )  lim
h0 h
from graph f ( x) is continuous and differentiable for
 1 all x  [0 , ) but the continuity of function doesn't
b   
2 b
   ensure the differentiability.
c2 4  c2 Statement (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
1
4 appropriate.
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [96]
 5 5 5
1. x2
6.   ( x)dx  
3 3
xdx 
2
3

=8

7. f ( x) is discontinous at x  1 and hence non-

differentiable.
f ( x) is continuous at x  0 , 1 but there exist sharp
change in graph of f ( x) and hence non-differentiable
at x  0 and x  1.
1 2 Now Domain of f '( x) is R  1 , 0 , 1

s
h( x) is non-diff. at x  0 , , ,1

c
3 3

i
 Required no. of locations = 3.

t 
 Required no. to tocations = 4.

m a 8. lim f  g ( x)   f 2  (b  2)

e
2. f ( x )  g ( x )  x  0 ; 1 x


h
4

t
     0 1  0

a a   lim f  g ( x )   f 2  (2  a)

M m
3. For four distinct real roots : 

r
x

E ive .Sh
4
4  1 
      , 1
J E a   

IIT ct .L.K
9  2 
- f  g     f (2)  (b  2)
  4 

je Er
1

b
  Now , b  2  2  a  b  2
2

O
 ba  4
4.  2 b  a  8

9. For continuity of f ( x) at x  0
1
 x  ex  x
0( a )  b (1)  lim  
x0  2 x  1 
 

  x  ex  1 
 b  exp  lim  1 
 x 0 2 x  1  x 
   

 ex  x 1 
b  exp  lim
 x0 x (2 x  1) 
y   ( x) is non-differentiable for x  2 , 3 , 5 , 6  
 b  e1/ 4
 
5.  '(3 )   '(2 )   '(6 ) f     a  f '(1)  a
 2
d
1
dx

x(4  x)2  x2
4
 x  ex  x
1

Let y   
1 4  4  9  2x 1 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [97]

 1 (b) f ( x)  min  | x | , | x  1| , | x  1| 
 ln( y ) 
x

ln ( x  e x )  ln (2 x  1) 
1 dy 1  1  e x 2  1 x
  x  e  
 .   x
  ln
   
y dx x  x  e 2 x  1 x 2   2 x  1  

dy  1  e  1  e 2  1  e 
     ln  
dx x 1  3  1  e 3  3 

 e 1  1  1  e 
 f '(1)      ln  
 3  3  3 
 (b)  p , r
 e 1 1 e  1
 a  ln   
 3    3  3
(c) f ( x)  2 x  4  2 x  2
 [a ]  1

 [a ]  [b]  1  e1/ 4   1  1  0 .

f ( x) f ( y)
10. f ( xy )    x , y  R

s
y x
Apply partial differentiation w.r.t. y

tic
f '( xy ).x 
 f ( x) 1
 . f '( y )

m a
e
2
y x

Now put y  1  f (1)  0 and f '(1)  1

at h a
 (c )  p , q , s

M m
f ( x) 1
r
 f '( x ).x    f '(1) (d) f ( x)  sin x  cos x
1 x
E e
JE iv .S h a
-
c t K
dy 1 1
  y 2
IIT .
{Apply integrating factor}

je Er .L
dx x x


 y( x)  ln x  c

y
ln x

O b f (1)  0 

x
ln x 1
f ( x)   f '( x)  2 1  ln x 
x x
 x  e is location of local maxima  (d )  p , r
1
Now , M  and  M  3  3
e
12. Let f ( x )  ax 2  bx  f (0)  0 
11. (a) f ( x )  min x , x  3 2

 x  x
Now , f ( x)  2 f    f    x2
 2  4
 ax 2 bx  ax 2 bx
 ax 2  bx  2      x2
 4 2  16 4
 

 a a  b
  a    x2  x  b  b    x2
 2 16   4
16
on comparision , a  ;b0
9

 (a)  p , r , s 16 x 2
 f ( x) 
9
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [98]
 32 x 9
(a) f '( x )   f '   4
9 8
(b)

from graph , points of non-differentibility = 6

(c) f ( x) is increasing in [0 , 4]
 g ( x)  0  x  [0 , 4]
 g '(3)  0

cs
(d) y  | f ( x) |
 y  f ( x)  f ( x)  0  x  R

ati
m
16 x 2

e
 y

h
9
 y  | f ( x) | is differentiable

at a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [99]

 Chapter No -13 ( Differentiation )

2x d2y
1. y  e   4e 2 x  2x  1 
dx 2 5. y  f  
 1  x2 
1 d 2x 1 1
x ln ( y )   2  Let x  tan  , x  0    0
2 dy 2 2y 2(e 4 x )
 2 tan   1  2
 d 2 y  d 2 x 
y f   f (sin 2  cos  )
  2e 2 x  1  tan 2  
 2   dy 2 
 dx   dy

dx
 f '(sin 2  cos 2  )  2 cos 2
  sin 2 
2. g ( x)  f 1 ( x )  f  g ( x )   x Now put   0
 f '  g ( x)  .g '( x)  1 
dy
 f '(1).(2)

s
dx

c
1 1

i
 g '( x )  , Now g '(3) 

t
f '  g ( x)  f '  g (3)  dy
 
 sin 2 (1) (2)   f '( x )  sin 2 x 
a
dx

m
1 1  a2

e
 g '(3)   12 dy
  2sin 2 1  (1  cos 2)

h
f '(a) a

t
dx x 0

3. a tan 1 ( x)  ln y

M a rm a 6. Let y  a sin 3 t and x  a cos3 t

e a
Differentiate w.r.t x
E
JE iv .S h dy
- t
a 1 dy    tan(t )
T c K
  .
II .
dx

je Er
2

L
1 x y dx

.
b
d2y  dt   1 
dy 2    sec2 t    (  sec2 t )  2 

O
 (1  x )  ay 2
 dx  
dx dx  3a(sin t )cos t 
Differentiate w.r.t x
 d2y 2 4 2
2 At t  , 2
 
d y dy dy 4 dx 1 3a
(1  x 2 ) 2
 2x a 3a
dx dx dx 2 2

d2y dy
 (1  x 2 ) 2
 (a  2 x ) y x2
dx dx sin(t )
2
 a
7.  cos(t )dt  
0 0
t
dt

4. y cos x  x cos y   differentiate w.r.t x

for x  0 , y   dy sin( x 2 )
cos( y 2 ).  (2 x )
dx x2
dy   y sin x  cos y 
  
dx  cos x  x sin y  dy 2sin( x 2 )
 
dx x cos( y 2 )
dy  y sin x  cos y 
   ...(i)
dx  cos x  x sin y 
 1  ln ( x 2 )   3  2 ln x 
 f '(0)  1 8. y  tan 1  2  
 tan 1  
 1  ln ( x )   1  6 ln x 
Now differentiate (i) w.r.t x and then
Put x  0 , y    1  2 ln x  1  3  2 ln x 
y  tan 1    tan  
d2y  1  2 ln x   1  (3)(2 ln x ) 
  f "(0)  
dx 2 Let 2 ln x  tan  and tan   3
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [100]
    3/ 2
 y  tan 1  tan       tan 1  tan        dy 2 
3/ 2
  dx 2 
  4 
1     1    
  dx     dy  
    
 y         tan 1 (3) d2y d 2x
4 4
dx 2 dy 2
dy d2y
 0  0
dx dx 2 3/ 2
  1 2 
2 3/ 2 1   
d 1   f '( x)     f '( x)  
 
9.
dx
 
f (e x )  f '(e x ).e x
f "( x)

f "( x)

( f '( x ))3
d2
dx 2  f (e )   f '(e ).e
x x x
 f "(e x ).(e x )2
3/ 2 3/ 2
2x x
 e . f "(e )  e f '(e ) x x

1   f '( x)   2


1   f '( x)   2

f "( x) f "( x )

10. xe xy  y  sin 2 x 0

for x  0 , y  0

c s
13. ax2  2hxy  by 2  0 represents a pair of straight lines

i
t
  f   meeting at origin.

a
 dy   
Apply    x   dy

m
dx  f   represents the slope of line at the

e
 dx
 y  

h
 ( ,  )
 

Let f  ( xe xy  y  sin 2 x)
at a
point ( ,  )

dy
e
 e xy  xe xy ( y )  0  sin 2 x 
E M h arm 
dy   0 
 

JE iv .S
   dx ( ,  )  0  
dx  x.e xy ( x )  1  0
- t
x 0  

IIT c .K
je Er .L
dy  e  0  0  x
    1
 0 1  0 
b  
14. x 2 F ( x)  4 z 2  2 F '( z ) dz
dx x 0 ...(i)

t2
2
O 4

Apply leibnitz rule of differentiation

11.  xf ( x)dx  5 t
5
 
x 2 F '( x)  2 xF ( x)  4 x 2  2 F '( x ) 1 
0

Apply Leibnitz rule of differentiation  ( x2  2) F '( x)  4 x 2  2 x F ( x)

t 2 f (t 2 ).2t  2t 4 4 x2  2 x F ( x)
 F '( x ) 
 f (t 2 )  t 2  x2
from (i) , F (4)  0
 4  2
 f  
 25  5 4(4) 2  0 32
 F '(4)  2

1 4 9

n
2
15. f ( x)  (1  x)
dy d y
12. y  f ( x )   f '( x ) and 2  f "( x)  f '(0)  n , f "(n)  n(n  1) , .....
dx dx
dx 1 f "(0) f n (0)
Now  Now f (0)  f '(0)   ..... 
dy f '( x ) 2! n!
n (n  1) n!
d2x
 f "( x)  dx   f "( x)  1 n   .....
    2! n!
2
dy  f '( x) 2  dy   f '( x) 3 n
 C0  n C1  nC2  .....  n Cn  2n

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [101]

 16. f ( x)  e g ( x )  g ( x )  ln  f ( x )  ...(i)  e  x  f '( x)  f ( x )   2 x  c

 g ( x  1)  ln  f ( x  1)  ...(ii) d x

dx
 
e f ( x)  (2 x  c)
 f ( x) 
Subtracting (i) and (ii) , g ( x)  g ( x  1)  ln    e x f ( x)  x 2  cx  d
 f ( x  1) 

1  f ( x)  e x ( x2  cx  d ) ...(i)
Now , g ( x)  g ( x  1)  ln   (c , d are integration constants)
 x
from (i)
( xf ( x)  f ( x  1)  0)
1

f '( x )  e x x 2  (c  2) x  c  d 
 g "( x )  g "( x  1) 
x2  f '( x)  0  x  R , (c  2)2  4(c  d )  0
1  c 2  4d  4  (c 2  4d )  0
 g "( x  1)  g "( x) 
( x  1)2
Now ,

 g "( x )  g "( x  1) 
1 (c 2  4d )  0  f ( x)  e x ( x 2  cx  d )  0  x  R
2
( x  1)  f ( x )  0  x  R  | f ( x) |  f ( x)
1
Now , putting x   n  

ics
t
 2

a
18. If f ( )  f '( )  0 , f "( )  0 , then f ( x )  0 is

m
 1  1 4 having a root x   with multiplicity 2
 g " n    g "  n    ...(iii)

e
 2   2  (2 n  1) 2

h
f ( x)  ( x 2  6 x  p)( x2  8 x  q)

t
In expression (iii) , Putting different value of n

3  1  4
 n  1 ; g "   g "   2
M a rm a Case 1 : ( x2  6 x  p) is perfect square

e a
2  2  (1) p  9  ( x  6 x  p)  ( x  3) 2
E h


JE iv .S 
5  3
IIT -
n  2 ; g "    g "   2
4

ec t L.K  But (3) 2  8(3)  q  0  q  15 and ( x 2  8 x  q)

j Er .
2  2  (3) should not be perfect square



 O b 

 q  16
 (9 , 15) and (9 , 16) are not applicable

   Case 2 : ( x2  8 x  q) is perfect square

  
 q  16  ( x 2  8 x  q)  ( x  4)2
 1  1 4
g " n    g " n   
 2  2  (2n  1) 2  
But (4) 2  6(4)  p  0  p  8 and ( x 2  6 x  p)

 1 1  1 1 1  should not be perfect square

g " n    g "   4  2  2  ... 2 
 2 2  (1) (3) (2n  1)   p9
 (9 , 16) and (8 , 16) are not applicable
1  1  ( n 1) 1 
 g "   g " n    4   2 
 (8 , 12) is applicable ordered pair for ( p , q)
2 2  
  r 0 (2r  1) 
Case 3 : x2  6 x  p and x2  8 x  q is having
17. f "( x)  f '( x)  f '( x)  f ( x)  2e x exactly are common factor
 p  5 and q  15
 e  x  f "( x)  f '( x )   e  x  f '( x)  f ( x)   2
 f ( x)  ( x  5)( x  1) ( x  5)( x  3)
d x d x

dx

e f '( x) 
dx

e f ( x)  2    ( x  5)2 ( x  1)( x  3)

d x  (5 , 15) is applicable ordered pair for ( p , q)


dx

e  f '( x )  f ( x )   2 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [102]

 19.  n  2 , number of distinct roots for f "( x )  0
are 4 if k  3
Similarly , f n ( x)  0 have 10 distinct roots if n  8
and k  9
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.

22. Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false.

(e.g. f ( x)  x  sin x is non-periodic , but
f '( x)  1  cos x is periodic)

1
23. cos 1 (4 x3  3 x )  2  3cos 1 ( x )  | x | 
2
3 1
observe the graphs for y  f ( x) and y  g ( x ) .  f '( x)   |x|
1 x 2 2

s
 f '(7)  g '(7)  1

c
1 3 12 4

i
 f '(2)  g '(2)  1  1  0  f '     15

t

 4 15 15 5

a
 f '(4)  1 and g '(4)  1
16

m
 f '(e)  1 and g '(2e)  1

e
Statement (1) is true and statement (2) is false.

2
20. f ( x)  cos ( x  1)  cos x.cos( x  2)
at h a
24. f n ( x)  exp  fn 1 ( x) 

f ( x) 
1

E 
e M
2 cos 2 ( x  1)  2 cos x.cos( x  2)
h arm 
d d
 fn ( x)   exp  f n 1 ( x)  .  f n 1 ( x) 
JE iv  .S
2 dx dx

 f ( x) 
1
 IIT -
ec t L.K
cos( 2 x  2)  1  cos( 2x  2)  cos(2)   exp  f n 1 ( x )  . exp  f n  2 ( x )   .
d
 f n  2 ( x) 
j r.
2 dx

 f ( x) 
1
2
O
1
2
b
  E
1  cos(2)  2 sin 2 (1) 
d
dx
d
 f n ( x)    f n ( x). f n1 ( x). ... f1 ( x)  fo ( x) 
dx
 f ( x)  sin 2 (1) d
  f n ( x)   fn ( x). fn 1 ( x).... f1 ( x).(1)
 f ( x) is constant function. dx

 f '( x )  0  x  R ( f o ( x)  x )
n
f "( x)  0  x  R d
  f n ( x )    fi ( x)
f ( x) is non-decreasing function  x  R dx i 1
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
2 k
correct.
21. f ( x)  ( x  1)
f '( x)  2 x(k )( x 2  1)k 1 2
25. y  t , x  t  1  t  R
 n  1 , number of distinct roots for f '( x)  0 are  y  ( x  1)2
3 if k = 2
dy d2y
f "( x)  2(k )( x 2  1)k 1  4 x2 (k (k  1))( x 2  1)k  2   2( x  1) , 2  2
dx dx

 ( x 2  1)k  2 2k ( x 2  1)  4k (k  1) x 2  d3 y
  0 for t  0 or x  1
 ( x 2  1) k  2  2k ( x  1  2(k  1) x ) 
2 2 dx 2
Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false.
 ( x 2  1) k  2  2k ((2k  1)) x  1 
2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [103]

  locations for local maxima and local minima exists
1. x3  f '(1) x2  f "(3) x  f ( x )  0
at x  1 , 2 , 3
 f ( x)  x3  f '(1) x 2  f "(3) x
Now , f (1)  9 , f (2)  8 , f (3)  9
2
 f '( x)  3 x  2 f '(1) x  f "(3) ...(i)
 f "( x)  6 x  2 f '(1) ...(ii)
Now , put x  1 and x  3 is equation (i) and (ii)
respectively
 f '(1)  3  2 f '(1)  f "(3) from figure , g(x) is non-differentiable x  2 and x  x0
 f '(1)  f "(3)  3  0 ...(iii) in (0 , 5).
f "(3)  18  2 f '(1)
3

s
 2 f '(1)  f "(3)  18  0 ...(iv) 5. g '    0 because g ( x)  9  x  [1 , 2)

c
2

i
Solving (iii) and (iv) simultaneously
 f '(1)  7 and f "(3)  4

at 6. f ( x)  g ( x ) is applicable for
 f ( x)  x3  7 x 2  4 x

e m x  [0 , 1]  [ x0 , 5]  {2}
 f (1)  f (3)  26

at h 
a
Now , sin 3 , sin1 is subset of [0 , 1]

M rm
2. f ( x)  x( x 2  7 x  4)  f ( x)  g ( x ) holds true  x  [sin 3 , sin1]

E e
JE iv .S h a
- t
7  33 7  33 dx
T c K
f ( x)  0  x  0 , ,
II .
7.  sec  tan   sin 

je Er
2 2
L
d
.
b
7  33 7  33 dx

O
  0 ,   ,    tan  (sec   cos  ) ...(i)
2 2 d
 [ ]  0 , [  ]  0 , [ ]  6
dy
 [ ]  2[  ]  3[ ]  0  0  18  18  n (sec  )n 1 (sec  tan  )  n (cos  ) n 1 (  sin  )
d
dy
3. 
d

 n tan  (sec  ) n  (cos  ) n  ...(ii)

from (i) and (ii)

dy  (sec  ) n  (cos  ) n 
 n
dx  sec   cos  
 
2


 dy 
2

n 2 (sec  ) n  (cos  ) n 
  
 dx  (sec   cos  ) 2

 (sec  )n  (cos  ) n 2  4 
 dy 
2
   n  2   
2 
 dx   (sec   cos  )  4 
from figure , total number of critical points = 5  
2 2
4. f ( x)  x4  8 x3  22 x 2  24 x  dy  2  y 4
    n  2 
 dx   x 4
 f '( x)  4 x3  24 x 2  44 x  24
    4 ,    0
 f '( x)  4  ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3) 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [104]

 x3  g '(1)  2
8. f ( x)    (sin 6) x 2  (sin 4)(sin 8) x
3
11. f ( x)  x3  9 x 2  24 x  k  ( x   )2 ( x   )
2
f '( x)   x  2(sin 6) x  (sin 4)(sin 8)
 f ( )  f '( )  0
 f '(sin 8)  (sin 8)2  2(sin 6)(sin 8)  (sin 4)(sin 8)
f ' ( x)  3x 2  18 x  24
 sin 8 sin 8  2sin 6  sin 4
f '( )  3 2  18x  24  0
  sin 8 sin 8  sin 6  sin 4  sin 6
   2 or 4
  sin 82sin(1).cos(7)  2sin(1) cos(5)  f (2)  0  k  20
 ( sin 8)(2sin1){cos 7  cos 5} f (4)  0  k  16
 (  sin 8)(2sin1) 2  sin(6)  sin( 1)  Now , absolute value of difference of the two possible
values of k  | 20  16 |  4
 4(sin1) 2 (sin 6)(sin 8)
If k  20 , f ( x)  x3  9 x 2  24 x  20
 k 4
  k ( x)  ( x  2)2 ( x  5)
 xt
e
9. f ( x)  1 t
0
2
dt ...(i)      2

s
If k  20 , f ( x)  x3  9 x2  24 x  20

c
Apply generalized Leibnitz rule of differentiation

 f '( x) 



e  xt (t )
dt
ati  f ( x)  ( x  2)2 ( x  5)

m
       4 and   1 .
1 t2

e
0

 f ''( x ) 



e  xt (t 2 )
dt
at h a
...(ii)
12. (a) f ( x)  2 tan 1 ( x)

M
1 t2
m
2
r
0  f '( x )   xR
Adding (i) and (ii)
E e
JE iv .S h a 1  x2

-
c t K

1 t2
 IIT .
  2 tan 1 ( x ) ; | x |  1

je Er
f ''( x)  f ( x )  e  xt 
L
  dt
.  
2
1 t 2 x
 (b) tan 1 

b
0     2 tan 1 ( x) ; x  1
2  
 1 x  

O
1

e  xt

1    2 tan ( x) ; x  1
 xt 
 e
0
dt 
x 0
 0  
 x 2
 f '( x )   | x |  1 or | x |  1
1 x2
1
for x  0 , f "( x )  f ( x) 
x  2 tan 1 ( x ) ; | x |  1
2 x  
1 1 (c) sin 1  1
     2 tan ( x ) ; x  1
 f "   f  4  1 x2  
4 4 1
    2 tan ( x ) ; x  1
10. f ( x)  x3  e x / 2  f (0)  1
 2
g  f ( x)   x ( g ( x)  f 1 ( x )) 1  x 2 ; | x |  1
 f '( x)  
 g '  f ( x)  . f '( x)  1  2 ; | x |  1
1  x 2
1
 g '  f ( x)  
f '( x) 2 1

1  1  x   2 tan ( x) ; x  0
Put x = 0 (d) cos  
2 
  1
 1  x  2 tan ( x) ; x  0
1
 g '  f (0)  
f '(0)  2
 1  x 2 ; x  0
1  1 
x  f '( x)  
 g '(1)   f '( x)  3x 2  e 2   2 ; x  0
 1  2 
0     1  x 2
 2
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [105]
 Chapter No -14 ( Tangent and Normal )

    y4
1. Let point P be   ,  Equation of common tangent is :    3
 1  2   x 1 

dy  y  3x  7
Slope of tangent at P 
dx x 
3.
2
1 
 Slope (m) 
(1   2 ) 2

dm
for maximum slope , 0
d

dm (1   2 )(2 x )( 2  3)
 
d (1   2 )4

ics
at Let y  x touches the curve y   e x at point

em
h
dm P ( x0 , x0 )

t
changes its sign from +ve to –ve at   0
d

a a
dy
maximum slope exists at   0   1   e x0  1

M


rm dx x  x0

e
Point P is (0 , 0)
a

E
JE iv .S h  x0  1 (  e x0  x0 )

II
3
T -
c t .K  Point P is (1 , 1)

je Er L
2. xy  x  3  y  1   x( y  1)  0 ...(i)
x
.
b
1
 1   (e )   

O
y  6  x  x 2  y  ( x  3)(2  x ) ...(ii) e

 1
Now , if  e x  x  0 has real roots then    0 , 
 e

4. f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )  ( x2  x2 )2

f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )
  x1  x2
x1  x2

Apply limit x1  x2 both sides

 f '( x2 )  0 f '( x2 )   x2  R
Solving (i) and (ii) simultaneously
 x 3  f ( x) is constant function passing through (2 , 8)
2
    6 x  x
 x   f ( x)  8

 x3  x 2  5 x  3  0  Equation of tangent is y  8  0.

 ( x 3  x)  x 2  4 x  3  0
dy a(cos   cos    sin  )
x( x2  1)  ( x  1)( x  3)  0 5. 
dx a( sin   sin    cos  )
( x  1) 2 ( x  3)  0  Point P is (1 , 4) dy  sin  
  
dy dx  cos  
  1  2 x  3
dx x 1  Equation of normal at ' ' point is :

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [106]

 y  a(sin    cos  )  cos  from figure , point P is ( 2 , 1)

x  a(cos    sin  ) sin 
 m1  2 x x  2
2 2
 x cos   y sin   a
 normal to curve is at a constant distant from m2  2 x x  2
 2 2
origin.
m1  m2
Now , tan  
1  m1m2
6. Let the point of intersection be ( ,  )

dy 4 2
 m1   tan  
dx ( ,  ) 7

 3 2  3 2   6  4 2
 m1    and m2   2  Acute angle of intersection  tan 1  
2 
 6   3  3   7 
Now , (m1 )(m2 )  1 7
   cos 1  
 given curves are orthogonal 9
   90

dy
 e x

s
7. y  (1  x) y  sin 1 (sin 2 x) 10.  1

c
dx

i
x 0 x0

t
x  0  y 1

a
 Equation of tangent at P is x  y  1 and
dy dy (sin 2 x)

m
 y (1  x ) y 1  (1  x ) y . ln (1  x )  equation of normal at P is y  x  1.

e
dx dx 1  sin 4 x

 at (0 , 1) ,
dy
1
at h a
M
dx

rm
e a
 normal to curve at x  0 is :
E
JE iv .S h
- t
y 1
T c K
 1  x  y  1
II .
je Er
x0

.L
8. y3  3 x2  12 y  0

dy dx O b  1 
  0  (2)(1) 
dx dy  
in-radius of PTN   2   r  
 22 2   s
dx  
 3 y 2  6 x.  12  0  2 
dy
 r  ( 2  1)
dx (12  3 y 2 )
  0
dy 6x

4
 y  2  x   for y  2
3

 4 
 Point is   , 2
 3 

9.
Side of equilateral triangle  (2r cos 30)

 a  3( 2  1)

3 2 3
Area 
4
(a) 
4

3( 2  1)2 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [107]

 3 3
 Area  ( 2  1)2
4

11. If x  2y  k  0 is tangent to the curve

dy 1
y  cos( x  y ) , then 
dx 2

dy  dy 
  sin( x  y ) 1  
dx  dx 
dy  sin( x  y ) 1
  
dx 1  sin( x  y ) 2
 sin( x  y )  1 (d)
 cos( x  y )  0  ordinate of point of
contact = 0  y  cos( x  y) 
 cos( x)  0 ;  2  x  2

s
 3

c
 sin x  1

i
 x , are applicable

t
2 2
   3
Now , points of contact are  , 0  and  


m
, 0
a
e
 2   2 
which must satisfy x  2 y  k  0
 3
at h a
M rm
 k or 

e a
2 2 13. Let the tangent line at ' t1 ' point be normal to curve at
E
JE iv .S h
- t
' t2 ' point.

IIT c
 1 
.K
je Er L
(0  h)sin  0
.
dy
0h  Slope of tangent at t1 point   t1

b
12. (a) f '(0 )  lim dx t1
h

O
h 0

1 1
 f '(0 )  lim sin    f '(0 ) Slope of normal at t2 point 
h 0 h t2
 function doesn't hold H-property If tangent at t1 is same as that of normal at t2 ,
1
 1  then t1  
(0  h)2 sin  0 t2
(b)   0 h 
f '(0 )  lim
h0 h  t1t2  1
Equation of tangent at t1 point :
1
 lim h sin    0 y  2t13
h 0 h  t1  y  xt1  t13  0 ...(i)
x  3t12

Similarly , f '(0 )  0
Now , equation (i) passes through t2 point
 y  0 is tangent to curve at x  0
2t23  2t13 2(t22  t1t2  t12 )
  t1   t1
2 2t22  3t12 3(t2  t1 )
 x ; x  0
(c) y
2
  x ; x  0  2t22  2t12  2  3  3t12 ( t1t2  1)

 2t22  t12  1

 t14  t12  2

 (t12  2)(t12  1)  0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [108]

  t1   2 d x
m2  (e )  e  x0
from equation (i) , required lines are : dx x  x0

y  2 x  2 2  0 and y  2 x  2 2  0 1
Now , m1m2 
2 x0
 e   1
 x0

14.

Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.
from figure , at point P ( xP , y P )
17.
d 1

s
(ln x ) k  k

c
dx xP

i
P


1
Point P is  , 1 which satisfy y  ln( x )
at
m
k 


1
e  k 
1

t h e
a
k e
a
M m
 f ( x)  g ( x)  0 will have three distinct roots if

E e ar
1 1 1
JE iv .S
1
h
t
0k   k can be 2 , 3 or
- K
T c
e e e 2 
II .
b je Er .L
15. Check for f '(1 ) and f '(1 ) in all the cases :

(a) lim
h 0
sgn(h )  0
h h
O
 lim
 0
sgn ( h)  0
h

Consider point Q (a , 2  a2 ) on the circle x2  y 2
 vertical tangent exists at x  1
 9
3
h 0 3
h  0 and point P  b ,  on xy  9
(b) lim  lim   b
h0 h h 0 h
2
 vertical tangent exists at x = 1  9
Now , D  (a  b)2   2  a 2  
 b
(h)2 /3  0 (  h) 2 / 3  0
(c) lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h  D  ( PQ )2
 No vertical tangent at x  1 For minimum value of D , PQ must be common normal
(i.e. y  x )
h 0 h 0
(d) lim  lim  a  1 and b  3
h 0 h h  0 h
 No vertical tangent at x  1  ( PQ) 2  8
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
16. Let C1 and C2 meet at ( x0 , y0 ) is ISt quadrant. also appropriate.

 y0  2 x0  e  x0 ...(i) 18. f '(a). f '(b)  1

d 1  value of f '(x) moves from +ve to –ve or –ve to
m1  ( 2x)  +ve in the interval of (a , b)
dx x  x0 2 x0
 at least one point x  c exists for which

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [109]

 f '(c)  0
(for polynomial function , horizontal tangent can't be
normal to curve at other point)
Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
also appropriate.

19. Let common tangent touches the curve C1 at

P( ,  2    1)
 Equation of common tangent is :

y  (     1)
 (2  1)
x 
 y   2    1  (2  1) x  2 2  

 y  (2  1) x   2  1 ...(i)
If equation (i) is tangent to C2 , then

(2  1) x   2  1  x 2  5 x  6

s
 x2  (6  2 ) x   2  5  0
2 2

tic
a
Disc = (6  2 )  4(  5)  0

m
2

e
  

h
3
 Common tangent from (i) is :
9 y  3x  5
at a
E e M h arm
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is false.

JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
je Er
y1

.L
b
20. Length of sub-tangent  dy

O
dx

dy  2 xy 3  2
   2 2   
dx   3
 3y x  P
 Length of subtangent = 3 units.


Length of subtangent a  ,    2 3
3 2  2

3

2
Statement (1) is true and statement (2) is false.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [110]

 1. C1 : 2 y  5 x5  10 x3  x  6  0 l1
 5
l2
dy 1
  Slope of N = 2
dx x 0 2
4. As y  f ( x) touches the x-axis at P (3 , 0)
 Equation of normal at P is given by :
f (3)  0   27a  9b  3c  27  0 ...(i)
y 3
 2  y  2x  3
x0 f '(3)  0  27a  6b  c  0 ...(ii)
If normal 'N' meets the curve , then : and f '(0)  9  c  9 ...(iii)
5 3 from equation (i) , (ii) and (iii)
2(2 x  3)  5x  10 x  x  6  0
b  3a and 2b  9a  3
 5x 5  10 x 3  5 x  0
 a  1 and b  3
 5 x( x 4  2 x2  1)  0
f ( x)   x3  3x2  9 x  27

s


c
 5 x( x 2  1)2  0
 x  0 , 1 , 1
 Point R and Q can be
ati
given as
 f ( x)   x 2 ( x  3)  9( x  3)

f ( x)  ( x  3) 2 ( x  3)

m


e
(1 ,  1) and (1 ,  5)

h
   3 and   3

 minimum area  (QR )2
4
at a
 [ ]  [  ]  3  3  0

 5 Square units.
E e M h arm 5. If   3 , then   3

JE iv .S
- t
 f '(3)  27  18  9  36
T c .K
2. Tangent to curve C1 at R (1,  1)
II
je Er .L y0 1
Normal at (3 , 0) is : 

b
 y  1  dy 
  x  3 36

O
 x  1  dx x 1
 36 y  x  3  0
y 1 Area bounded by normal with axes
  2  y  2x  3
x 1
1  1
 Tangent at R is same as that of normal 'N'  (3)   
2  12 
similarly , tangent at Q(–1 , –5) is also same as
that of 'N'. 1
 Square units.
y  5 dy 8

x  1 dx x 1

y5 6.  g '( x) 2  g ".g ( x )  0

  2  y  2x  3  N
x 1 d
  g ( x ).g '( x)   0 ...(i)
dx
If equation (i) has exactly four distinct roots , then
y1 5 5 g ( x).g '( x )  0 will have exactly 5 roots
3. l1   
 dy  2 2  g ( x )  0 must have three distinct roots.
 
dx
 Q
g '( x)  f '( x)  3x2  6 x  9
 f '( x )  3( x  3)( x  1)
y2 1 1  for y  g ( x ) , local maxima exists at x  1 and
l2   
 dy  2 2 local minima exists at x  3
 
 dx  R  g (3).g (1)  0 for three distinct roots of

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [111]

 g ( x)  0.
(r12  15)r22 (5  15)  9 
Now ,   
  f (3)    f (1)     0 r12 1 (5  1)  5 
 ( )(  32)  0 =9
   (32 , 0)
9. Equation of tangent at ' ' point :
7. (Slope of tangent at t1) = (Slope of normal at t2) y  b sin 3  dy
3

24t 2
8t x  a cos  dx

  2
8t t  t1
24t t t 2
y  b sin 3  b sin 
 3

1 1 x  a cos  a cos 
 3t1    t1t2  
3t2 9  (a cos  ) y  (b sin  ) x  (ab)sin  cos 
Equation of tangent at t1 point : x y
  1
a cos  b sin 
y  8t13  1
 3t1 ...(i) 2 2
x  4t12  3 l  l 
Now ,  1    2   cos 2   sin 2   1
a b
2 3
Equation (i) passes through 4t2  3 , 8t2  1  

ics
t
8t23  8t13 1

a
  3t1 10. Equation of tangent to curve y  at point
4t22  4t12 (1  x )

em R (2 ,  1) :

h
 t2  t t  t2 

t
 2  2 1 2 1   3t1
 t t   t1  t2 

a
y 1 1

a
 2 1  
x  2 (1  x)2

M rm x 2
2 1 1

e

a
 t12   0  t1t2   
81t12 9
E
JE iv .S

h 9  y  x  3 or y  x  3  0 ...(i)

 81t14  9t12  2  0
IIT -
c t .K  Equation of PQ is y  x  3  0

  9t 2

 2 9t12  1  0 
b je Er .L
O
1

 9t12  2 ( 9t12  1  0)

 (3t1 )2  2  729(t1 )6  8

8. If point P is (2 , 1) , then (r1 )2  5 y   2 x2  5 x  4  0

Equation of chord PQ having mid-point R is given by
y 2 (3  x)  ( x  1)3  0
T  S1 format.
2 2
dy  y  3( x  1)   1 3  y 1  x2
        2 (2 x )  5  2
dx  2 y (3  x)  2(1)(1) 
   4  (3  4  10 )
 (2 ,1) 2  2 

dy  y  (4 2  5 ) x  10  8 2  1  0 ...(ii)

 2
dx x2 Equation (i) and (ii) represent same line PQ
 Equation of tangent at P :
1 4 2  5 1  10  8 2
  
y 1 1 1 3
 2  y  2x  3
x2
 4 2  5  1  0 or (  1)(4  1)  0
003
 r2  1
5   or 1
2
9  minimum value of 4  1
 r22 
5

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [112]

 2 Let the points of contact of live 'L' with xy  1
11. (a) m1   2
x3 x 1
 1
and y2  8x P   ,   and Q(2t 2 , 4t )
be
m2  e2  2 x .( 2)  2   
x 1
respectively tangent at P can be given by :
m1  m2  Point (1 , 1) is the point of common
1
tangency , hence   0 and value of cos  y
  1  y   1 x 2 
may be 1  2  
x   2    
(b) for point of intersection :
Apply condition of tangency for parabola
 x2  8a 3
   2 2  a
 4a  x  4a y 2  8 x  i.e. C  
 m 
 ( x 2  8a 2 )( x2  4a 2 )  0
2 2
  
 x  2a.  1/  2
2x   3  1  0    1
m1  1
4a x 2 a  line 'L' is : y = x + 2
8a  (2 x ) 1 Area 
1
m2   (2)(2)  2 square units.

s
2 2 2 2 2

c
( x  4a )

i
x  2a

t
(b) Let the curves touch each other at ( x0 , y0 )

a
 tan   3    tan 1 (3)
 Slope of tangents at ( x0 , y0 ) for both the curves

m
  3

e
must be equal for x  0

(c) LT 
ae x / 3
3
at h a
 0  sin x x  x 
2
3
(1) x  x0

M
0

m
1 x/3

r
ae

e a
3
E
3

JE iv .S h  sin x0 

- t
2
(d)
IIT c .K
je Er .L
 2
 x0  or (    x   )

b
3 3

O
from figure , k  y P

1 5
 k
2
5 1
 value of k can be 1 , , ..... , etc 3
4 2 As shown in graph y  | x |  touch the curve
2
y  1  cos x for two distinct possible values of  .
(c) x  (e)sin y
 ln x  sin y
12. (a)
1 dy dy 1
  (cos y )   at point
x dx dx x (cos y )

dy
(1 , 0) , 1
dx
 Equation of normal at (1 , 0) is
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [113]
 y 0
 1  x  y  1
x 1
1
required are a  Sq. units.
2
(d)

As shown in graph , if  lies in (  ,  ) then

(3  x 2 )  | x   | is satisfied for at least one negative

value of x.

s
 for  , y    x passes through (0 , 3)
 3 0   3
tic
  3

m a
e
for  , y  x   is tangential to curve y  3  x 2

 0  2 x x  x  1  x0  
1

at h a
M
2
m
0

1 11
E e ar
 y0  3  
JE iv .S h
- t
4 4

IIT c .K
je Er L
 1 11 
 y  x   passes through   ,
.


b
 2 4


11
4
1
  
2 O
13 13
    
4 4
 13 
Now ,    , 3
 4 
1
 '  ' can be 1 , , 2 , ... etc.
2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [114]

 Chapter No -15 ( Rolle's Theorem and Mean Value Theorem )

1. If f ( x)  ax2  bx  c  x  [a , b] , then by mean    (2 , 2)  {0}

ab 5. By M.V.T. , for some x  c in (1 , 6)

value theorem at x  the slope of tangent is equal
2
f (6)  f (1)
f (b )  f ( a ) f '(c) 
to . 6 1
ba
f (6)  ( 2)
 line joining  , f ( )  and   , f (  )  is parallel
 f '(c)  2  f '( x )  2 
5
   f (6)  8
to the tangent at x  .
2
6. f ( x) must be continuous at x  0
2. Let h( x)  f ( x)  2 g ( x)  x   0 , 1  f (0)  lim f ( x )

s
x 0

c
Now h(0)  f (0)  2 g (0)  2  0  2
h(1)  f (1)  2 g (1)  6  2(2)  2

ati  lim x (ln x)  0

x  0

m
 h(0)  h(1) and h( x) is continuous for limiting value to be zero ,  must be +ve , hence 

 x   0 , 1 , differentiable in (0 , 1)

t h e can be
1
2

a a
By Rolles's theorem , the some x   in (0 , 1)

M rm
h '( )  0  f '( )  2 g '( )  0

e a
ax 3 bx 2
E
JE iv .S h
7. Let f ( x ) 
3

2
 cx
ax 4 bx 3 cx 2
IIT -
c t .K
je Er
3. Let f ( x )     dx
L
a b

.
4 3 2  f (0)  0 , f (1)   c

b
3 2

O
a b c
f (0)  0 ; f (1)    d  2a  3b  6c 
4 3 2  f (1)   0
 6 
(3a  4b  6c  12d ) (3a  6c)  (4b  12d )
 f (1)   Apply rolle's theorem for f ( x) is [0 , 1]
12 12
 f (1)  0  4(b  3d )  3(a  2c) 
By Rolle's theorem , for some value of x in x3
(–1 , 0) , f '(x) = 0
3 2
8. Let g ( x)   f (t )dt
0
 ax  bx  cx  d  0 will have at least one real
root in (–1 , 0). Now g ( x ) is continuous in [0 , 2] and differentiable
x
in (0 , 2).
2
t 2 2

4. f ( x)  e (t   )dt
0 By M.V.T. , g '(r ) 
g (2)  g (0)
;0r2
2
If rolle's theorem is applicable in [0 , 2] , then
8
f (0)  f (2)
2 3 2
 f (t )dt
0
2  f (r ).3r 
  
0

et t 2   2 dt  0 2
8
2
t2 2 2
Now e is positive , hence (t   ) must change its   f (t )dt  6r f (r 3 ) for some r in (0 , 2)
0
sign in (0 , 2)
By intermediate value property ,
 0 2  4

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [115]

 6 2  ( 3 )  6 2 f (  3 ) theorem is applicable for f ( x)
6r 2 f (r 3 )  ;  ,   (0, 2)
2
8
12. f ( x)  min  ln(tan x) , ln(cot x) 

 f (t )dt  3  
2 3 2 3
 f ( )   f (  )  
0 Consider the graph of f ( x )  x   0 , 
 2

9. For continuous function f ( x) , if

1 2


0
f ( x )dx   f ( x)dx ,
0

1 1 2

then 
0
f ( x)dx  
0
f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx
0

2
  f ( x)dx  0
1

s
t
Let g (t )  (1  sin 4 x )(ax 2  bx  c )dx

tic from graph of y  f ( x) ,

a
1

m
Now , g (1)  g (2)  0   

e
LMVT is applicable for y  f ( x ) in  ,  f ( x)
8 4

h
g (t ) is continuous in [1 , 2] and differentiable in (1 , 2)

a
 Rolle's theorem is applicable for g (t ) is [1 , 2]
t a

is continuous  x   0 , 

M m  2
r
Now , g '( )  0 for at least one value of  in (1 , 2)

 (1  sin 4  )(a 2  bx  c)  0 E e
JE iv .S h a  3 
Rolle's theorem is applicable for f ( x) is  ,
- t

T c K
4 8 
II .
je Er
 a 2  b  c  0 ( (1  sin 4  )  1)
.L
in (1 , 2)
O b
 ax 2  bx  c  0 is having at least one root 13. Consider the function g ( x)  f ( x)  x 3
 g (1)  g (2)  g (3)  0

10. Let f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c By rolle's theorem , g '( x ) vanishes at least once in

(1 , 2) and at least once in (2 , 3)
Now , f (0). f (1)  c(a  b  c)
 f '( x)  3x2 for at least two values in (1 , 3) and at
 f (0). f (1)  c (c ) ( a  b  2c  0)
least one value in x  (2 , 3).
 f (0). f (1)  c2
Let g '( )  0 , where   (1 , 2) and
 f (0). f (1)  0 ( ac  0)
g '(  )  0 , where   (2 , 3)
 f ( x)  0 has exactly one root in (0 , 1)
 g '( )  g '(  )  0
{ for quadratic function f ( x) , if f ( x1 ) f ( x2 )  0
By rolle's theorem g "( x ) vanishes at least once
than exactly one root for f ( x )  0 lies in ( x1 , x2 ) }
in ( ,  )
 f "( x)  6 x for at least one value in x  (1 , 3).
1
11. f ( x)  sin   x 2  1  ( x) ln x
 x  [2 , 4]
  3 2
14. f ( x)  ax  bx  11x  6
 f ( x )  e  x  [2 , 4]
If rolle's theorem is applicable for x  1 , 3 , then
 sin( n )  0  n  I and ( a)log a b  b  f (1)  f (3)
Now , f ( x )  e is constant function for all x  [2 , 4] ,  a  b  11  6  27 a  9b  33  6
hence rolle's theorem and Lagrange's mean value  26a  8b  22  0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [116]

  13a  4b  11  0 ...(i) Applying LMVT for h( x) in (a , b)
f '( x)  3ax 2  2bx  11  for at least one value x  c in (a , b)
( Irrational roots occur in pair)
h(b)  h(a)
h '(c) 
 1   1  (b  a )
f ' 2    0  f ' 2  0
 3  3
f (a) f (b)
 (b  a)h '(c )  0
2b 11 1 g (a) g (b)
   4 and  4 ...(ii)
3a 3a 3
f (a) f '(c ) f (a) f (b)
from (i) and (ii) , a  1 and b  6  (b  a) 
g (a ) g '(c) g (a) g (b)
 4a  b  10 Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is
ln a  1  sgn(b)  D  1  1  0. also correct.
18. Let h( x)  f ( x)  x 2
15. f ( x )  f (4  x )  0  h(1)  h(2)  h(3)  0
 f '( x )  f '(4  x)  0 By rolle's theorem h '( x) vanishes at least twice
 f '(2)  f '(4  2)  0  f '(2)  0 in (1 , 3).
Now , f ( x)  f (4  x ) Let h '( )  h '(  )  0 where  ,   (1 , 3)
 f (2  x )  f (2  x)

ics  By rolle's theorem h "( x ) vanishes at least once

 f ( x ) is symmetrical about line x  2 , and hence
at in (1 , 3)

m
 h "( x)  f "( x )  2  0
f '(1)  0 implies f '(3)  0
Now f '(1)  f '(2)  f '(3)  0 .

t h e  f "( x)  2 for some value of x in (1 , 3)

Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true
 f '( x) vanishes at least thrice in [0 , 4]

M a rm a
e
By Rolle's theorem f "( x ) vanishes at least twice
a
f (4)  f (0)
E
19. By LMVT , f '( a ) 

JE iv .S h
in [0 , 4] and hence f "( x ) vanishes at least once 40
in [0 , 4].
IIT -
c t .K f (4)  f (0)

je Er .L  f '(a )  for some x  a in (0 , 4)

4

Now , h( )  0 and h( )  0 O b

16. Let h( x )  e x  f ( )  f ( x)  g (r )  g ( x)  By Intermediate value property ,

f (b ) 
f (4)  f (0)
for some x  b in (0 , 4)
2
If f ( x) and g ( x ) are continuous and differentiable
for all x  R , then h( x) is also continuous and  f (4) 2   f (0) 2
 f '(a) f (b)  for some values
8
differentiable. Apply rolle's theorem for h( x) in  ,  
of 'a' and 'b' in (0 , 4)
 Some value of  in ( ,  ) exist for which Statement (1) is true and statement (2) is false.
h '(  )  0
20. f "( x )  0  x  [a , b] implies that graph of f ( x)
x
 h '( x )  e  f ( )  f ( x)  g ( )  g ( x)   is convex upwards in [a , b]

f '( x )  g ( )  g ( x )   g '( x )  f ( )  f ( x)   x  x  f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )
By Jensen's inequality , f  1 2  
 2  2
f '(  ) g '( )
Now , h '( )  0   1 for some x1 , x2 in (a , b)
f ( )  f ( ) g ( )  g (  )
Statement (1) is false and statement (2) is true
Statement (1) and (2) are true , but the reasoning is not
appropriate.
21. f ( p)  f (t )  0
f (a) f ( x) f ( s). f (r )  4  at least one root of f ( x )  0
17. Let h( x ) 
g (a) g ( x)
in (r , s )
 h( x)  f (a) g ( x )  g (a ) f ( x) is continuous in
f (r ). f (q)  4  at least one root of f ( x )  0 in
 a , b and differentiable in (a , b). (q , r )

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [117]

  f ( x)  0 has at least 4 roots in [ p , t ]
 f '( x )  0 has at least 3 roots in ( p , t )
Now , f ( x) f '( x )  0 has at least 7 roots in [ p , t ]
2
g ( x)  f ( x ). f "( x )   f '( x ) 

d
 g ( x)   f ( x ). f '( x ) 
dx
 g ( x )  0 has at least 6 roots in [ p , t ]

22. If x   q , t  , then f ( x )  0 has at least 3 roots

 f "( x )  0 has at least one root in (q , t )
h( x )  f ( x ). f "'( x )  f '( x ). f "( x)
d
 h ( x)   f ( x). f "( x) 
dx
 h( x)  0 has at least 3 roots in [q , t ]
(

ics
f ( x ). f "( x )  0 has at least 4 roots in [q , t])

at
m
23. If x  [ p , s ] , then f ( x )  0 has at least 3 roots


h e
f '( x)  0 and f "( x)  0 has at least 2 and 1 root

t
a
respectively in ( p , s )
a
 ( x) 
d
 f '( x ). f "( x) 
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
dx

IIT -
c t K
  ( x )  0 has at least 2 roots in [ p , s ]
.
je Er .L
 f '( x). f "( x )  0 has at least 3 roots in [ p , s ]

O b

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [118]

 Chapter No -16 ( Monotonocity )

x
2 2
1) 2 4
1.  f (t)dt  f
0
( x)  1 3. f '( x )  e ( x .(2 x)  e  x (2 x)

Differentiate with respect to x  f '( x )  2 x e ( x 2

1) 2
 e x
4


f ( x )  2 f ( x ) f '( x )
 f '( x) is positive  x  R because e  x is
1 decreasing function
 f '( x)  ( f ( x )  0)
2
 f ( x) is increasing  x  R 
 f ( x) is increasing function  x  R

4. g ( x)  f (sin 2 x)  f (cos 2 x)

 x2  2 
g '( x)  sin 2 x f '(sin 2 x )  f '(cos 2 x) 
s
2.  ( x)  3 f  3   f (3  x )

ic
 

t
  
If x    ,  , then cos 2 x  sin 2 x

a
 x2   4 4
  '( x )  2 xf '    2 xf '(3  x 2 )

m
 3 
f '(sin 2 x)  f '(cos 2 x)

e
   ( f "( x)  0)
  x2  
  '( x )  2 x  f '    f '(3  x 2 ) 

  3 

at h a



g ( x ) is increasing in 0 ,  and decreasing in
4

M m


E e ar   

JE iv .S h
 x2  2  4 , 0
Case I : If f '    f '(3  x ) , then
- t
 
T c K
3

II .
 

x2
 3  x2
b je Er .L
( f "( x )   (3 , 4))
5. If f (0)  1 and f '(0)  1 , then line x  y  1 is

O
3 tangential to y  f ( x) at (0 , 1)
3 If f ( x) is positive for all real x then graph of f ( x)
 |x| 
2 must be concave upwards for all real x as shown
in figure
3
  ( x ) is increasing in  , 4  and decreasing
2 
 3
in  3 ,  
 2

 x2  2
Case II : If f '    f '(3  x ) , then
3
 

x2
 3  x2  f "( x)  0  x  (3 , 4) 
3  f "( x )  0  x  R

3
 |x| 
2  1 
6. f ( x)   2 tan 1  x 
2 e 
 3 
  ( x ) is increasing in   , 0  and decreasing
 2  
 f ( x ) 
2
 2 cot 1 e x  
3
in  0 , 
 2  1  1  1 
 tan    cot x  x  R 
 x
  

[119]
    1 ( x sin x)   1  cos x  
 f (  x)   2   tan 1 (e x )   x    2
2 2  6 ( x  sin x) 2   sin x  

 f ( x )    2 tan 1 (e x ) 
1 ( x sin x )  x 
x cot  2 
2 2 
6 ( x  sin x)  2 
 f ( x)   f (  x)
 f ( x) is odd function  x
2 cot   ( x sin x )
2 x x
   tan 
2(e x ) 6( x  sin x ) 2
2 2
f '( x)  0 
1  e2 x
 g '( x )  0  x  (0 , 1)
 f '( x)  0  x  R ( e x  0  x  R)
 x x 
 f ( x) is strictly decreasing in ( , )  tan   x  (0,1)
 2 2 

7. tan( cos  )  cot( sin  )

9. f '( x)  3(k  2) x2  6kx  9k  0  x  k
 
 tan( cos  )  tan    sin    (k  2)  0 and 36k 2  12(9k )(k  2)  0
2 
 k  2 and k (2k  6)  0

s


c
  cos     sin 

i
 k  2 and k (k  3)  0

t
2

a
1  k  ( ,  3]
 (cos   sin  ) 
2

em
h
10. f '( x)  2e x  9e x  (2a  1)  0  x  R

t
x
1

a
 f ( x)   
a
2  f '( x)  2e2 x  a  (2a  1)e x  0

e M
f ( x) is strictly decreasing for all x  R
E
E iv .S ha rm  2e2 x  (2a  1)e x  a  0

J
IIT ct .L.K

2 - 2
 2e 2 x  e x  a (2e x  1)  0

je Er
x x
8. f ( x )  2

 (2e x  1)(a  e x )  0
2sin 2 x

b
2(1  cos x )

O
1  e x  a  0  a  [0 , )
 f ( x)  x 2 cosec2 x
2
11. Let h( x )  f ( x )  g ( x )
1
 f '( x) 
2

2 x.cosec2 x  2 x 2cosec x (cosec x cot x )  f '( x )  g '( x )  x  ( , 2)

 f '( x)  x cosec2 x(1  x cot x)  h '( x)  0  x  ( , 2)

Similarly h '( x)  0  x  (2 , )
 x 
 f '( x )  x cosec2 x 1  
 tan x Case 1 : If h(2)  0 , then f (2)  g (2)

 f '( x )  0  x  (0 , 1)

 tan x 
  1  x  (0 , 1) 
 x 

1  2 x( x  sin x )  x 2 (1  cos x) 
g '( x )   
6  ( x  sin x )2 

1  x 2  2 x sin x  x 2 cos x 
g '( x )   
6  ( x  sin x) 2 
from graph , h( x )  0  x  R
1  (1  cos x ) x 2  2 x sin x 
    f ( x )  g ( x)  x  R if f (2)  g (2)
6  ( x  sin x) 2 

[120]
 Case 2 : If h(2)  0 , then f (2)  g (2)  1  5 x  1  x3  x

 x3  4 x  0  x( x  2)( x  2)  0
 x  (2 , 0)  (2 , )
 'S' contains all values of x more than 2 or in
between –2 and 0.

from graph , h( x )  0 for some real x x x

14. f '( x )  x 2  4 x  2
 cot 1 x 
 f ( x)  g ( x) for some real x if f (2)  g (2) 1 x ( 1  x 2 )2

 f '( x)  x2  4 x  cot 1  0
1
12. f ( x)  x cos   ; x  1
 x  ( x 2  4 x)  cot 1 ( x)
1 1  1 
f '( x )  cos    x sin   .   2 
 x  x  x 

1 1 1
f '( x )  cos    sin    lim f '( x)  1
 x  x  x  x 

s
Now ,
1  1  1 1 1 1 1

tic
a
f "( x )   sin   .  2   2 sin    cos   . 2
x  x  x  x x  x x

1 1
em from graph , x  x1 or x  x2 where x2 lies in between

h
 f "( x)   cos    0  x  1

t
3
x x 4 and 5 , x1 lies in between –1 and 0.

a a
If f "( x ) is negative , then f '( x) is strictly decreasing

M rm
 Set 'S' contains [–2 , – 1] and [5 , 10].

e a
function for all x  1
 f '( x  2)  f '( x)  x  1 E
JE iv .S h
15. f '( x )  0  x  R and f "( x )  0

IIT -
c t .K
 f ( x) is increasing concave upward graph. and

je Er L
d
.
 f ( x  2)  f ( x )   0  x  1
 f 1 ( x) is increasing convex upward graph.

b
dx

O
 f ( x  2)  f ( x ) is decreasing function  x  1 f ( x1 )  f ( x2 ) x x 
By Jensen's inequality ,  f 1 2
 minimum value of f ( x  2)  f ( x ) exists 2  2 
if x  
f 1 ( x1 )  f 1 ( x2 ) x x 
and  f 1  1 2 
 f ( x  2)  f ( x )  lim  f ( x  2)  f ( x )  2  2 
x 

  1   1  16. f '( x )  (2  cos x)  0  x  R

 f ( x  2)  f ( x)  lim ( x  2)cos    x cos   
x    x  2  x 
 f ( x) is strictly increasing function in it
 f ( x  2)  f ( x) 
continuous domain , hence f ( x) is one-one.
   1   1   1  Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false because
lim  x  cos    cos     2cos  
x     x  2   x    x  2  domain must be continuous for example : f ( x )  tan x
 f ( x  2)  f ( x )  2  x  1 
in its domain x  R  (2n  1) is not injective where
2
13. f ( x)  1  x3  x as f '( x)  sec2 x  0

f '( x)  (3x2  1)  f '( x)  0  x  R 17.

 f ( x) is decreasing function  x  R
Now , f (1  5x)  1  f 3 ( x)  f ( x)
 f (1  5 x )  f ( f ( x ))
 1  5 x  f ( x) ( f '( x )  0  x  R )

[121]
 By Jensens's inequality , statements (1) and (2) are f ( x) is increasing in (0 , 1)  (2 , ) and
true and the reasoning is also appropriate.
decreasing in   , 0   (1 , 2)
2
18. f '( x)  (6sin x  6sin x  12) cos x (d) f ( x)  xe x (1 x )
2

 1 3
f '( x)  6 cos x   sin x     
f '( x )  e x(1 x ) . 1  x  2 x 2 
 2 4 

f '( x )  e x (1 x ) .( x  1)(2 x  1)
 
 f '( x)  0  x   0 , 
 2
Statements (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
appropriate.  1 
f ( x) is increasing in   , 1 and decreasing
 2 
19. f ( x) is strictly increasing convex downward graph
1
hence f 1 ( x) is strictly increasing convex upward in   ,    (1 , )
 2
graph.
d2 22. f '( x )  2 f ( x )  0

dx 2
 
f 1 ( x)  0

s
 e 2 x  f '( x)  2 f ( x)   0

ic
 Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reason is

t
appropriate. d 2 x

a  
 e . f ( x)  0
dx

em
20. If f "( x)  0  x  (a , b) , then f '( x) is decreasing
e 2 x  f ( x ) 

h
 is non-increasing function

t
from x  a to x  b and hence f '( x) can be zero at

a
 xR
a
most once

M rm x  1  e2 x f ( x)  f (1)
 Statement (1) is true but statement (2) is false. 

E e
JE iv .S h a  f ( x)  0  x  1 ( f (1)  0)
- t
2
21. (a) f '( x )  (e) x .( x 4  5 x 2  4)(2 x )

IIT c .K It is given that f ( x) is non-negative  x  1

je Er .L
x2
 f '( x )  2( e) .x( x  1)( x  1)( x  2)( x  2).

b
 f ( x)  0  x  1

O
Similarly , f ( x )  0  x  1
 f ( x)  0  x  R
 f ( x ) increasing in (2,  1)  (0, 1)  (2, ) and  All the functioning values can be categorized as
f ( x) is decreasing in ( ,  2)  (1, 0)  (1 , 2). zero or non-negative or non-positive.

(b) f '( x)  e x  1

f ( x) is increasing  R  and decreasing

 R

(c) f ( x)  x 2  2 x

[122]
 Chapter No -17 ( Maxima and Minima )

1. At x  0 , f ( x ) is non-differentiable and hence x  0 1 1

 a2  b2  2
 4
is critical point at which local maxima exists. a b2
1 1
2.  4 K2  2

a b2
Apply AM  HM
 1 1  4
 4 K2  2  2   4  K2  2
 a b  K

7. f  g ( x )   1 | x 2  2 |

from graph , local maxima exists at x  2

ics
at
m
1
3. At x  , local minima exists and the local minimum

e
2

value is
3
2
.
at h a
from graph , number of critical points = 7

M m
8.

E e ar
JE iv .S h
4.

IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O
from graph , local maxima at x  1

9. Let point 'P' be  r cos  , r sin  

from graph , f (x) is non-differentiable at x = 0.
 (r cos  )2  3(r sin  )2  3(r 2 )sin  cos   1


 5.  , 1   2  lies on f ( x)  1  x 2 and  r2 
1
 cos 2 2
  3sin   3sin  cos  
 , 4    lies on g ( x) 
2 2
4  x Now , minimum
Let R  cos 2   3sin 2   3sin  cos 
distance between f ( x) and g ( x ) is 1 unit dR
  sin 2  3sin 2  3cos 2
2 d
 (   ) 2   1 2
 42   (2  1)  1
dR
  3cos 2  2 sin 2
d
6. AB  a 2  b 2  K
dR 3
 a 2  b2  K 2   0  tan 2  
d 2
 2 2
1  1   d 2R 3 2
Now ,  a     b    is negative for sin 2  and cos 2  
 a  b   d 2 13 13
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [123]
 1  2  49 49
 Value of R is maximum for   cos 1  Now f (7)  
 200  343 543
2  13 
64 64 8
 1  cos 2   1  cos 2  3 f (8)   
 R   3   (sin 2 ) 200  512 712 89
 2   2  2
49
4 13  13 2  f (7)  is maximum
 Rmax   (OP)min  543
2 13 4  13
 x
14. f ( x)  (a  1) x  (a 2  3a  2) cos  
10. If f ( x) has local maxima at x  2 , then  2
f (2)  lim  f ( x) and f (2)  lim  f ( x)  x1
x 2 x 2  f '( x)  (a  1)  (a 2  3a  2)   sin 
 22
 a 2

1  2
(a  1)  x
2
 f '( x )  2  (a  2)sin 
 a  1 or a  R  (1 , 1) 2  2
If f ( x) doesn't possess any critical point , then
x 3 5
11. f '( x)  x(e  1)( x  1)( x  2) ( x  3) f '( x)  0

ics  a  1 and 2  (a  2)sin

x
0 ...(i)

t
2
from sign scheme for f '( x) , point of inflection exist

m a  x  2 
Now sin     

e
at x  0 2 a2

2
12. f ( x)  x  x tan x
at h a

2
a2
1  a 2  2

f '( x)  1  x2 (sec2 x)  2 x tan x

E e M h arm  a  0 , 4 ...(ii)

JE iv .S
- t
2 2 2
f '( x)  1  x  x tan x  2 x tan x from (i) and (ii) , a  (0 , 1)  (1 , 4)

IIT c .K
je Er .L
2
 f '( x )   x tan x  1  x 2

b
15. For set A , x 2  9 x  20  0

O
     x 4 , 5
 f '( x )  0  x   0 , 
 2
 no point of extremum. f '( x)  6  x  2  ( x  3)
 f ( x ) is increasing function in set A
x2  maximum of f ( x)  f (5)  7
13. f ( x) 
200  x3
16. f ( x)  ax3  bx2  cx  d
(200  x3 )(2 x )  x 2 (3x 2 )
f '( x ) 
(200  x3 )2

400 x  2 x 4  3x 4
 f '( x) 
(200  x 3 )2

x(400  x 3 )
 f '( x ) 
(200  x3 ) 2

 maximum value of f ( x) exists at x  3 400 , but

x N , hence maximum value can be
from case (i) , f ( x )  0 has only root which is negative
f (7) or f (8)   3
400  7.4  if a f ( )  0
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [124]
 from case (ii) , f ( x )  0 has only one root which is for local minima at x  4 , f (4)  2
positive if a f ( )  0  a2  a  2
 a   2 , 2
17. f ( x)  min  tan x , cot x 
for local maxima at x  4 , f (4)  2
n
 f ( x ) is discontinuous at x  ; nI
 a2  2  2
2
n  a  R   2 , 2
f ( x) is non-differentiable at x  ; nI
4

f ( x) has local maxima at x  (2n  1) ; nI
4

18. Let f "( x )   x

 x2 20.
 f '( x)  C
2
2
  1
 0 C  f '(1)  0 

s
2
   2C

tic
 f '( x) 
x 

2

m a
e
2 2

 f ( x) 
 x3  x
6

2


at h a
from graph , number of discontinuous points = 4

M m

r
at x  point of local maxima exist.

e a
f (2)  18 and f (1)  1 3
E
JE iv Sh
1
 -
19 x 3  57 x  34
t K.      
T c
 f ( x) 
4
II
e L. f '   f '
 4 

j Er .
4 
   

b
57
Now f '( x )  ( x  1)( x  1)

O
4
21. f ( x)  x3  3x  3
 a  1 and f (a)  1
 distance between (1 , 2) and (a , f (a))  f '( x)  3x 2  3

 13  f ''( x)  6 x
f ( x) is increasing for all x  R  (1 , 1) value of at x  0 , point of inflection exists because it indicates

f (0)  17 / 2 the change in sign of f "( x ) .

Statement (I) is false and statement (II) is true.
19. f ( x)  2  x 2  6 x  8 if x  4
22. Statement (I) is true but statement (II) is false.
 f '(3)  0 and f (2)  0 is local minimum.
x3 1
23. f ( x )   x tan 1 ( x)  ln (1  x 2 )
3 2
 f '( x)  x2  tan 1 ( x)

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [125]

 at x  0 , f '( x ) changes sign from positive to negative
 x  0 is location for local maxima at
x  x0 , f '( x) changes sign from negative to positive
 x  x0 is location for local minima
 Statement (I) is true.
1 2 x3  2 x  1
Now , f "( x)  2 x  
1 x2 1 x2
Let g ( x)  2 x3  2 x  1

 g '( x)  6 x2  2  0  x  R
 g ( x) is strictly increasing

1 1
Now , g (0).g    (1)    0
2
  4

 1
 g ( x )  0 has one root in  0 , 
 2


1
f "( x) vanishes only once in  0 , 

ics
t
 2
 f ( x ) has exactly one point of inflection

m a
1
in  0 , 
2
t h e
a


a
M
 Statement (2) is true.

rm
E e
JE iv .S
24. At x  0 , local minimum value = 0
h a
IIT -
c
at x  2 , local maximum value = 0
t .K
je Er .L
Statements (I) and (II) are true but the reasoning is not

b
appropriate.

O
25. x 2  y 2  99  4  3x  4 y 

 ( x  6)2  ( y  8)2  1
Let P( x , y ) lies on above circle
 (OP )max  11 and (OP)min  9

  
minimum value of log 3 x 2  y 2  log 3 81  4

maximum value of ( x2  y 2 )  121

 Statements (I) and (II) are true but the reasoning
is not appropriate.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [126]

  number of solution = 1
1. f ( x) is continuous at x  1
 (a  b)  1  b  5 3. g ( x)  f ( x)  2  x  R
 a  2b  6 ...(i)
f ( x) is differentiable at x  1
 a  2(1)  b
 a b  2 ...(ii)
from condition (i) and (ii) , a  2 ; b  4
Now , the equation of tangent to curve
y  f ( x ) at x  1 can be given as :
y  2 x  4  2 x  y  4
 Point P is (2 , 0) and Q is (0 , 4)

ics
t
at x  1 and x  3 point of local minima exist

m a at x  2 point of local maxima exist

e
 Number of points of extremum  3

a th a    1 
4. f ( x)      x  4  3x 2

M m 
r
 

E ive .Sh
E a  1 
J  f '( x)      x   6 x   4  3x 2    1
IIT ct .L.K
-   

b je Er  1
 f '( x)  9 x 2  6     x  4

O
 

radius of in-circle of OPQ    6 1 4
S Now ,         and   
9  9
1
(2)(4)
4   2   2  (   )2  2
 r 2 
1 3 5 2
2

2 4 2 5  4 1 8
 2  2     
9  9
8
 diagonal of the rectangle  4 1  8
3 5   2   2  2  2  
9   9
2
1 8  8
Now , maximum area   
2  3 5 
  2
2  min

9
if   1

16
 Amax  1
7 3 5 2 
5. f '( x)  9 x  6     x  4
 
2 2
 (4  2 x ) ; x  1   1   1
2. f ( x)   2  f '( x)  3x             4
 x  4 x  5 ; x  1      

 2 2
graph of y  sin x meet the graph of f ( x) at one  1  1
4  f '( x )   3 x         
     
point
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [127]
  2 
 f '( x )   3x    3x  2   
  3

Area (A) is maximum at  
3

 d2A 
2 2   0 at   
from sing scheme ,    and    d
2 3 
3 3
4  3
 2   2   maximum area   4
 f ( )  f ( )  f    f  3  2 
 3   3   

 1 2  4   4 
 f ( )  f (  )        2 3  Square units
 4  3. 2   3 
  3  9 

 1 2   4 2     


   
 3  
4  3. 
9   8. Perimeter of region ( R )     2 (2)   6  PD
 2 

 1  4    1  4 2   P  2  2  6  PD
     4  2       4  

s
 3  3   3    3 

c
4  16  ( PD )2
4 1
   
3

ati By cosine rule , cos  

2(2)(4)

m
9   PD  20  16cos 

6. For   1
t h e  P  2  6  2  20  16cos 

f ( x)  x(3x2  4)

M a rm a
dP
d
 2 
8sin 
20  16cos 
0


f ( x)  3 x  x 
2 
 x  E
2 
e
JE iv .S h a  20  16cos   16sin 2 

t

3 
- 3
K
T c


II .  (2cos   1)2  0

b je Er .L  cos  
1
 


O
2 3
2
 maximum perimeter  2  6   12
3

 4 
 6   2 3  units
 3 

from graph of g ( x) , x  0 is the location of point of 9. Area of circle inscribed in PAB is maximum when
inflection. triangle is equilateral
 2
7.     
3 3

1  1
Now , sin 1  cos   sin 1  
2 2 4

10.

(   ) 1
from figure , area ( A)   4    4  2  sin 
2 2
 A  2  2  4sin 
dA
 ( 2  4 cos  )  0
d
Let AB  AC  2 x  AM  x
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [128]
 4 x2  x2  1 1  t2 1   2
 cos A 
2(2 x )( x )
Now , A   2t 3  3t  
2   2t   t  1 
 
5x2  1  1 
 cos A   x2    (t 2  1)2 (4t 2  1)
4x 2
 5  4cos A   A
4t
1
Now , ABC  (2 x )(2 x)sin( A) dA (t 2  1)(20t 4  7t 2  1)
2 
dt 4t 2
2 sin A
 ABC  dA
5  4 cos A for t  [1 , 3] ,
0
dt
d  (10 cos A  8)  minimum area exist for t = 1
Now , 
dA (5  4 cos A) 2  A  5 Square units.
8
 ABC is minimum if cos A  2 2
13. f '( x)  3x  6(a  7) x  3(a  9)
10
 10(cos A)  8  f '( x)  0 have two roots , if x  x0 is the location
of local maxima and x0 is positive then f '( x)  0 have
2 3 both positive unequal real roots.

s
11. f ( x)   x  x  1

 f '( x)   2  3x2
tic D  0  36(a  7)2  4(9)(a 2  9)

a
 36(14a  58)  0
  
m
 f '( x)   3x   3x  

e
29
 a

h
... (i)

t
 7
 location of local minima is x  

a a
3 Sum of roots  2(7  a)  0

Now ,
2
x  2x  3
0
E e M h arm  a7 ...(ii)

JE iv .S
x2  5 x  6 Product of roots  (a 2  9)  0

( x  1)2  2
II T-
c t .K
je Er
 a  3 ( a  R )
L
...(iii)

.
 0

b
( x  2)( x  3) from (i) , (ii) and (iii)
 ( x  2)( x  3)  0


 

 
 2 

 3  0
O 
 29 
a3 ,


7 
Least integral value of a  4
 3  3 
 2 3 3 3
14. If triangle is rotated about base BC then two right
 minimum +ve integral value of   4
circular cones are generated.
Let AB = AC = x
2 dy  BC  (12  2 x)
12. y  x  1   2x
dx
 Slope of tangent at t-point is 2t and the slope of
 1
normal is   
 2t 

y  t2 1
Equation of tangent is :  2t
xt
 y  2t ( x  t )  t 2  1

 t2 1 
 tangent meet the x-axis at  , 0 
 2t 


Similarly , normal meet the x-axis at 2t 3  3t , 0 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [129]
   1
Volume of solid  2  ( AD)2 (CD)  for maximum area , cos  
3  2
   60
2
 V
3
 x 2
 (6  x) 2
 (6  x)
 x
6
5
2
 V 
3
12 x  36  (6  x) Now , perimeter = 3 units
(b) f '( x)  p(2sin x) cos x  (3sin 2 x) cos x
 V  8 ( x  3)(6  x )
 f '( x )  sin x cos x(2 p  3sin x )
 V  8 (9  x2  18)
 
dV 9 If x    ,  , then f '( x)  0
 8 (9  2 x )  x  is point of local maxima.  2 2
dx 2
2p
9  sin x  0 ; 
 Volume is maximum if x  3
2
for exactly one location of local minima ; p  0
 2 AB  9
 3 3 1
and p    ,   p can be  , 1
y2  2 2 2
m

s
15. Let line be

c
x 1 (c) f '( x )   sin(2 x )


2
Point P is  1  , 0  and Q is  0 , 2  m 
m
ati f ''( x )  2 cos(2 x)

m
 


e
 f "( x)  0  2 x  

h
1 m2 2

t
Now , A    (2  m)
2 m 

a

a  x

M m
4
r
1 (m  2)2

e a

2 m
E
JE iv .S h  f "( x ) changes its sign at x 

and
- t
4
dA  4  m 2 
IIT c .K
je Er L
   m  2 for minimum area
.
dm  2m 2  
x

b
4


1  (4) 2 
Amin   
2  2  O
  4 Square units. 
 
two points of inflection in   , 
 2 2

16. (a)

(d)

As shown in figure , are of the trapezium is

maximized if it is isosceles from graph , value of global minimum  2
 global minimum value exists  x  1 , 3
16 3  3 
 A    2 cos   sin  
25 5  5  2
17. f ( x)  x  bx  c  ( x   )( x   )
18      b and   c
 A (1  cos  )(sin  )
50 b is odd positive integer and b  c  23
dA 9  c is even integer
 (cos   1)(2 cos   1)
d 25   is even , hence one of the root is 2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [130]

 ( Both  and  are prime numbers and the only
even prime is 2)
Now , b  c  23  2    2  23
  7
 f ( x)  ( x  2)( x  7)  x 2  9 x  14

7  2   5  5 
(a) Global minimum  f      
 2   2  2 
25
 Gmax  
4
from figure , x  x1 is point of local minima
(b) f (0)  14 and f (8)  6

 Gmax  14 in  0 , 
 2
(c) local maximum of f (| x |)  f (0)  14
x x
9 9 (d) f '( x )  x 2  cot 1 x  2

(d)   7 ,  ,  2 , 0 , 2 , , 7 1 x 1  x2
2 2
 f '( x)  x 2  cot 1 x  x    ,   

cs
4 3
18. (a) f ( x)  x  4 x  2

 f '( x)  4 x3  12 x 2  4 x2 ( x  3)

ati
m
 x  3 is point of local minima.
Now , f "( x)  12 x 2  24 x

t h e
a a
 f "( x)  12 x ( x  2)
 x  0 , 2 are points of inflection.

E e M h arm
JE iv .S
(b) f ( x)  x2 / 3 ( x  5)  x  (2 , 4)

IIT -
c t .K
je Er
from figure , x  x1 is location of local maxima and
L
2 
.
f '( x )  x 2 / 3  ( x  5)  ( x )1/ 3 

b
 3  x  x2 is location of local minima.


2
3 O 10
f '( x)  x 2 / 3  ( x) 2/ 3  ( x) 1/ 3
3
Now , f "( x)  2 x 
1
1  x2
5 10 2 x  2 x3  1
 f '( x)  ( x) 2/ 3  ( x ) 1/ 3  f ''( x ) 
3 3 1 x2
5 f "(0). f "(1)  0
f '( x )  ( x ) 1/ 3 ( x  2)
3
 f "( x) changes its sign in (–1 , 0) because
 x  0 is point of local maxima , and
2 x 3  2 x  1 is strictly increasing function
x  2 is point of local minima.
 f ( x ) has exactly one point of inflection
1 4
5  2  2  
f "( x )   ( x) 3  ( x ) 3  in (  ,  ).
3 3 3 

1
10 4 3
 f "( x )  ( x ) ( x  1)
9
 x  1 is the point of inflection
1
(c) f ( x)   tan x
x

1 ( x 2  cos 2 x )
f '( x )    sec2 x 
x2 x2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [131]

 Chapter No -18 ( Indefinite Integral )

( x 3  x  2)dx ( x3  x  2)dx  f '( x ) 2  f ( x) 2

1. I 
x 2
1  x  x3
  1 1 
2

2
c
x3  x
x2 x
5
 f (0)  2 , f '(0)  3 , c 
 1 2  2
1  2  3  dx
 x x 
 I   f '( x)   f ( x ) 2  5  f '( x)  0 
1 1
 x
x2 x f '( x)dx
   f ( x) 2  5
 dx
11
Let 2   x  t
x x
 ln f ( x)  f ( x) 2  5  x  c
dt

s
 I  2 t c

ic
t f (0)  2  c  ln 5

x3  x 2  1
at  f ( x )  ( f ( x ))2  5  e x .eln 5

m
 I 2 c
x2

t h e  f ( x)   f ( x) 2  5  5e x

a a
2. Let h( x)  f 2 ( x)  g 2 ( x) 5e2 x  1

M m
 f ( x) 
 h '( x )  2 f ( x ). f '( x )  2 g ( x ).g '( x)

E e ar 2e x

 f '  g ( x) and g '( x)   f ( x) 

JE iv .S h 5e8  1
- t
 f (4) 

IIT c .K 2e 4

je Er L
 h '( x)  2 f ( x).g ( x)  2 g ( x)   f ( x) 
.
 h '( x )  0 

Now , h( x )  f 2 ( x )   f '( x) 
b
h( x) is constant function

O 2

 5. f ( x) 
( x 2  sin 2 x)sec 2 x
dx
1  x2
for x  2 , h(2)  16  16  32
 h( x)  32 (x 2

 1)  cos x 2 sec 2 x

 2
f (4)  g (4)  32 2
 f ( x)   1 x 2
dx

 1 
 f ( x )   sec 2 x 
  dx
2 3  1  x2 
3. I   f ( x ).x dx
 f ( x )  tan x  tan 1 x  f (0)  0 
2
Let x  t

1 1  f (1)  tan1 
 I  
f (t ) dt 
t .
2 I II 2
t F (t )  F (t )dt    4

Now replace t by x 2 e 2x

 1 e x dx
1
I  x 2 F ( x 2 )  F ( x 2 )d ( x 2 )
6. I  e 4x
e 2x
1

2 
Let e x  t

4. f "( x)  f ( x) (Multiply both sides by f '( x) )  1

1  2  dt
(t 2  1)dt
t 
 I 4 2   
  f '( x). f "( x)dx   f ( x). f '(x)dx t  t 1 2 1
t  2 1
t

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [132]

  1 ( x  x 2  a 2 )n
1  2  dt  I c
t   1
 I  2
 tan 1  t    c n
 1  t
 t   1
 t
( x 2  1) x dx
10. I   Put x 2  t
 I  tan 1
e x
e x
 c 1  ( x 2 )3

1 (t  1) dt 1 (t  1)dt
7. Put sin x  cos x  t
 I 
2 1 t 3
 
2 (t  1)(t 2  t  1)
 dt
 I   t2 1   t2 1 
2
t 1
2 2
 x 
1

3  3 3
t      2
 2
 2   2  (t  1)(t  t  1) (t  1) (t  t  1)

dt 2dt 1 dt 1 (2 x  1)
 I  4
 t 4
 I 
3  (t  1)  6  (t 2
 t  1)
dt
t 1 t 1
t
4 1 1
 I  ln t  1  ln t 2  t  1  c
3 6

s
2tdt
t
c
I Put t 2  u

ti t2  t 1
2
t 4 1  I
1
ln c

a
6 (t  1)2
 du

m
 I u  cosec1 (u )  c

e
2
u 1

I  cosec 1
1  sin 2 x   c
at h 11. Put x  t 6

 a
(t 5  t 3  1)dt
  M rm
1 2 I 6
or I  cot sin 2 x  2sin 2 x  c

e
1 t2
E
JE iv .S h a
- t
 1  3
I  6  t3  dt  t 4  6 tan 1 (t )  c
T c K  
I .
2 

I
e
2
L
dx dx  1 t 
 x (1  x ) 
j Er .
8. 

b
n n 1/ n 1/ n
 1  3 2/3
x n 1 1  n   ( x)  6 tan 1 x1/ 6  c 
O
 I
 x  2

1
Put 1   tn
x n
x2 1 1 (5) 5
12.   
( x  1)( x  2)( x  3) ( x  1) ( x  2) ( x  3)
t n 1dt t n 1
  t

n 1
c
 I  ln ( x  1)( x  2) 5 ( x  3)5  c
n 1 1 n
4( A  B  C )  4
1  xn  1  n 1  xn  n
   c    c
(1  n)  x n  (1  n)  x n  1 
dx dx
13.  (x   ) 2
1  2
  (x   ) 2
 (  1) 2
2 2
9. Put x  x  a  t
dx 1 x A


1 
x 
 dx  dt
 x 2
A 2

2A
ln
x A
C
 
 x2  a 2 

dx  2  sin 2 
  2 sec   2 tan   d
 t  dt 2
x a2 2
14.   1  cos 2 d 


 I 
(t )n dt t n
t
 c
n
  tan   c    xf '( x)  f ( x)  dx  xf (x)  c 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [133]

  1   x 
1  2  dx  I   x 1  x2 
  dx
 x   
15. I 
  1  x2 
 2  1 
1 1
 x    1 tan  x   Put (1  x2 )  t 2
  x    x
 1 t3
 1
Let tan 1  x    t
 
I   t   tdt   t  c
 t 3
 x
1 3/ 2
dt  I 
1 x2   (1  x 2 )1/ 2  c
 I
t  ln | t |  c 3
f ( 2)  0  c0

16.  I3   I 2   I1  yx 2 1
3 1
 f ( x) 
3

1  x2  2  (1  x 2 ) 2
( x3   x 2   x)
  dx  yx 2
y 2 2
 f (1)  f (1)   , f (0)   and f ( 5)  6
differentiate both sides w.r.t x 3 3

 x 3
  x2   x x dy

s
2
  2 xy

c

19. Let I  sin(ln x)dx (Apply by parts)

i
y dx

t

 y2  x2  x  1 
dy (2 x  1) 
dx

y 


m a I  x sin(ln x)  cos(ln x )dx

e


h
 

t
x( x 2   x   ) x 2 (2 x  1)  

a
  2 xy  I  x sin(ln x)   x cos(ln x)  sin(ln x )dx  
y 2y
a    

M m  
r
I

E e
 2 x( x2   x   )  x 2 (2 x  1)  4 xy 2

JE iv .S h a  2I  x  sin(ln x)  cos(ln x) 

IIT -
c t
 2( x 2   x   )  x(2 x  1)  4( x 2  x  1)
.K
je Er
x 
L


.
 I sin  ln x    c
5

b
  3 ;   ;  2 2  4

O
2
x
Now   2    0 and     1  f ( x)  and g ( x )  ln( x )
2
1
e x 1 (2 x)dx  ex4  e x 1 Now , f (1)  ; g (1)  0
17.  x2  5 x  4

x4 dx 
x 1
  2
differentiate w.r.t x both sides  1  
 tan 1  g (1). f (1)   0 and tan 1   1 
x 1
e (2 x) e x 4 x 1
( x  1)   e ( x  4)  f (1)  8
 
( x  1)( x  4) ( x  4)( x  1)
( x 4  1)dx ( x 4  x 2  1)  x 2

 2 x  3 ( x  1)   ( x  4)
e
20.  1  x6

 (x 2
 1)( x 4  x 2  1)
dx

  dx x 2 dx
    2 and  3  4   0
e 3
e

 1  x  1  (x )
2
 3 2

8 2
   e3 and    1
 tan 1 ( x)  tan 1 ( x 3 )  c
3 3 3
 3  2  0 and ln(3 )  ln(8e3 )  3  ln 8  f ( x)  tan 1 ( x) and g ( x)  x 3

1   
x 3 dx x( x 2  1)  x Now , tan  f  g (1)    tan    2  3
18. I   
 dx 3   12 
x2 1 1  x2
Number of solutions for x3  x  0 are 3 number of

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [134]

 solutions for f ( x)  x  0 is 1 22. Apply   xf '(x)  f ( x) dx  xf ( x)  c
2 2
  
sin 2 f ( 2)  sin 2 tan 1 ( 2)   3 23. I n  tan n x dx

dx sec 6 x dx I n  I n  2  tan n x(1  tan 2 x)dx

21. g ( x)   sin 6
x  cos 6 x
  tan 6
x 1
Put tan x = t (tan x) n 1
 I n  I n 2  (Statement (II) is true)
n 1

(t 2  1) 2 dt  (t 4  t 2  1) 3t 2 
 g ( x) 
 t6 1
 
 6
 t  1
 6  dt
t  1  Now I 0  I 2  tan x

 g ( x)  tan 1 (tan x)  tan 1 (tan3 x)  c I1  I3  (tan x )2 / 2

I 2  I 4  (tan x)3 / 3
  
g   0  c   .............................
4 2
.............................

 g ( x)  tan 1 (tan x)  tan 1 (tan3 x )  I8  I10  (tan x )8 / 8

s
2

c
I 9  I11  (tan x)9 / 9

i
Now ,
 3 

g    tan 1 ( 2  1)  tan 1 ( 2  1)3 


at I10  I12  (tan x )10 /10

m
 8  2 _____________________________

e
 I 0  I1  2( I 2  I 3  I 4  .... I 9  I10 ) 


 1 1
 tan ( x )  tan ( y )    tan 

a t
1  x  y  

h
 1  xy  
a
I11  I12  
10
(tan x) r
r

M m
 if x  0 , y  0 and xy  1  r 1


E e a

r  Statement (I) is false

JE  iv .S h
II  ct .L.K
-
 ( 2  1)  2  1 3 
 3  1 
T  

je Er
 g    tan  4    2 24. f ( x)  ax 2  bx  c
 8 

b
 1  2 1 
 

O
 2
b  b 2  4 ax 
 f ( x)  a   x    
   2a  4 a 2 
 3   1  2 1  
 g    tan  2 
 8  2  1  2 1
   
 

f ( x)  a  x 
2
b   b 2  4ac 
   
 2a   4a 
 3   1 
 g    tan 1    
 8   2 2 If f ( x )  0 is having non-real roots then (b2  4ac)

 3   1  1  1  1  1
is negative , hence f ( x) can be arranged as
 g    tan    cot    tan (2)
 8  2 2
  2
  ( X 2  A2 ).
  3   dx
tan  g 
  8 
1

   tan tan (2)  2    f ( x)   tan
1
 g ( x)   u is true statements (I)

 Statement (I) is true. and (II) are true but the explanation is not correct.
6 6 2 3 2 3
f ( x)  sin x  cos x  (sin x)  (cos x)

 f ( x)  1  3(sin x cos x)2 25. From solution of question no. (6) ,


3
f ( x )   (sin 2 x) 2  1

tan 1  f ( x )   tan 1 e x  e  x 
4
 Statement (I) is true , further if f ( x) and g(x) are
1
 f ( x ) lies in  , 1 odd functions , then f  g ( x)  is also odd function
4 
 Statement (II) is the correct explanation for
Statement (II) is true but not the explanation for
statement (I).
statement (I).
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [135]
 
dx 
26. I  f ( x ) x 2  2 x  2    2
(sin x)n 2
x2  2 x  2  (n  1) x (sin x) n 2 (1  sin 2 x)dx
Differentiate both sides w.r.t. x
In 
n
0
0

x3  x  1 f ( x ).( x  1) 1
    In   (n  1). I n  2  (n  1) I n
2 2 n
x  2x  2 x  2x  2

 1
 x 2  2 x  2 f '( x)   x2  2 x  2
 nI n 
n
 (n  1) I n 2 .... (i)

1  n 1 
 ( x3  x  1)  ( x  1) f ( x)  ( x 2  2 x  2) f '( x)    In  2
  I n 2
n  n 
Comparing L.H.S. and R.H.S
1 5 1 1 n 1 3
 a ,b ,c and    f (n)   f (4) 
3 6 6 2 n 4

x 2 5x 1 2
 f ( x)     f (3)  1
3 6 6 3 30. n I n  (n  1) I n  2  (Relation (i) of sol. no. (29))
n
Now y  | f ( x) |  6 y  | 2 x 2  5x  1|
1

s
 No. of critical points = 3  8I8  7 I 6 

c
8

    1
27. tan sin 1 ( )  tan   ati 31.

m


e
 6 3

 2
r 
at h a
10 I10  9 I8 
1
10 


M m
28. lim   (1)r , n Cr .   1 
r

8I8  7 I 6 

e
3
a
n 
  8 
E
JE iv .S h 

t
1 
-
n n

c K
6 I 6  5 I 4   Adding all the equations
 2 1
IIT . 6 

je Er
 lim  1    lim    0
n   3 n   3 

.L 1 

b
4 I 4  3I 2  
4 

29. I n 
 /2


0
x.(sin x ) n dx O __________________________
1
2 I 2  I 0  
2 

 /2 137
n 1 10 I10  I8  I 6  I 4  I 2  I 0 
 In   
0
x(sin x ) .sin
 
I
x dx
II
120

Apply integration by parts.

 /2
 I n  x (sin x ) n 1 (  cos x) 
0

 /2

 (cos x) (sin x) 
n 1
 ( n  1) x (sin x ) n  2 cos x dx
0


2
 I n  0  (sin x)n 1 .cos x dx  (n  1)

0


2
n 2
 x(sin x) .cos 2 x dx
0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [136]

 Chapter No -19 ( Definite Integral )

 /4
1. I 2   ln (sin x  cos x)dx
x2
 /4 5. x  x ln x  x 
3
 b b 
 f (a  b  x )dx  x



a
f ( x)dx  
a


 ln x 
3

 /4  /4
2I2  

 /4
ln (cos 2 x ) dx  2  ln(cos 2 x)dx
0

 /4
 I2   ln(cos 2 x)dx ; now putting 2 x  t
s
0

 /2
dt 1
 /2

t ic
 
a
 I2  ln(cos t ).  ln (sin t )dt
2 2

m
0 0

 2I 2  I1

t h e
a a
x  number of solutions = 2

M m
2. F ( x)  f (t )dt  F '( x)  f ( x )
0

E e ar
JE iv .S  h
t
a b ac

-
F ( x2 )  x 2  x3  2 x F '( x 2 )  2 x  3x 2
K
T c r.L
f ( x  c 2 )dx
II .  6. c  f (cx )  1 dx 
 F '( x 2 )  1 
3
2
x

b j e E
1 c c

O
ab ac
2
3
 F '(42 )  F '(16)  1  (4)  7  c
1 c
f (cx )dx  c(a  c  1  c )   f ( x  c )dx
c
2
 F '(16)  7  f (16)  7 ac ac
2
 (a  1)c  
1 c
f (cx )cdx   f ( x  c )dx
c
x 1
3.  f (t )dt  x   t f (t )dt
0 x
Putting c ( x  c )  t in the second term
ac ac
2 2
 f ( x)  1  0  xf ( x)  (a  1)c   f (t  c )dt   f ( x  c )dx
c c
1 1
 f ( x)   f (1)   (a  1)c  0  (a  1)c
1 x 2

4
x x T sin  x / 2  dx
4.  f (t )dt  x  2
 t f (t )dt 7. Let z 


4 2
(4  2  x )
0 x

 f ( x )  2 x  ( x  T ) f ( x  T )  xf ( x ) ( x  4  2)
Putting t 
 f ( x )  2 x  ( x  T ) f ( x)  xf ( x ) 2
1
2x sin(t  2  1).2 dt
 f ( x) 
1 T
 f (T  1)  2  z 
0
(4  2t )

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [137]

 a a
1 cos2 t
Apply , 
0
f ( x) dx  
0
f (a  x)dx  2I1   2 f  x (2  x )  dx  2 I 2
sin t
1
sin(t ) dt  I1  I 2
 z 
0
(1  t )
 z  I
x
1

1/ x
11. I  
1/ x
f ( z )dz , Putting z 
u
1 ln t dt 1
8. f   
x 
1
1 t
Putting t 
u 1/ x
1 1 1 1
x
 I 
x
f   .  2 du 
u  u 1/ x
u 2
f   du
u 
1
x ln  
1  u  .   1  du x
 f    
 x  1 1  1   u 2 
 Now , I  I 

  f ( z)  z
1
2
 1 
f    dz  0
  1/ x
 z 
 u
 2I  0  I 0
x
ln(u )
 f ( x) 
u (1  u ) 
du
b b

s
1

c
12. Apply
 f ( x)dx   f (a  b  x)dx
ti
x
1  ln t   ln (t )   a a

a
Now f ( x )  f        dt
x 1
 1  t   t (1  t )  

m
 /2

e   2I  (cos x).e|sin x| dx

h
x

t a
1 ln t  / 2
 f ( x)  f    dt 
x 1 t

Ma rm  I
 /2
esin x .cos x dx  e  1

E ive .Sh a
2

E
 1  (ln x ) 0
 f ( x)  f   
J
IIT ct .L.K
-
x 2

j e
 /4
Now , y  | ln x | is differentiable  x  R  /{1}

b Er  13. I n  I n  2  (tan x) n (sec 2 x )dx

O
0
2/3

 exp  (3x  2) 
2 1
9. I 2  dx  I n  In2 
1/ 3 n 1
Putting t  3 x  3 1 1
 I1  I 3  and I 3  I 5 
5 2 4
 1
 exp  (t  5)    3  dt
2
 I2  I1  I 3
4   I3  I5
2
1  I1  I3  2 I5 .
 I 2   I1  3I 2  I1  0
3
b T b  2T b
1 cos2 t
xf  x (2  x )  dx
14. I   f ( x )dx   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx
10. I1   2
..... (i) a T b T a
sin t
b 2T b

b b   f ( x )dx   f ( x )dx   f ( x)dx

Apply  f ( x)dx   f (a  b  x)dx
a a
a T a

2T

1 cos t 2   f ( x)dx
T
; Putting x  u  T
 I1   (2  x ) f  (2  x)( x)  dx ....(ii)
2
sin t T T

Adding the equations (i) and (ii)  I 

T
f (u  T )du   f (u )du
T

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [138]

  I  0 ( f (u )   f (u ))  1 
 F ( x ) min  min  F   , F (1) , F (4)   F (1)
 4 
 
sin 3 x 1  3sin x  sin 3 x  1
ln t 1
15.
0
 x
dx 
4 
0

x   dx
 Now , F (1)   ln 3dt  ln 3 t ln t  t
1
2
2
 
1 3sin x 3 sin 3 x 1  2 ln 2

4 
0
x
dx 
4 3x
dx 
0
 F (1) 
ln 3
 log3 e  2log3 2


3 3 sin 3 x 
 (I ) 
4 4 3x 
dx
0
 x

n 1
19. Let z  e .( x ) dx ;   R


0
Putting 3x  t
putting  x  t

3 1 sin t 3 I  n 1 
4
I
4 
0
t
dt  I 
4 4 
t
z e   
t dt 1
.  n e
t
.(t )n 1 dt
0
  
0
I 
  1

s
2 4  z ( In )

c
n

16. Let I  2 x .e
1


2  x2
dx
ati 3

0 
e m 20. I  x8 {x 7 }dx .... (i)

h
3

t
1

a a 
2
 I  x.(2 x.e  x )dx
 (Apply By Parts) b b

M m
Apply f ( x)dx  f (a  b  x)dx
r
0

E e a
a a
1

 -JE iv
1

. h
S 
 
t
 x2 2
 e  x dx 3

c K
 I  x. e

IIT . x8 { x 7 }dx

e
I
L
0 .... (ii)

j Er .
0

b
3
1

O
1 2 1 Add (i) and (ii)
 I   e  x dx   

e e 3
0 1 ; x  I
  2I  x8 dx  {x}  { x}  
3
0 ; xI
f ( x ) sin x
17. 2 f ( x ). f '( x)   I  37
2  cos x
f (0)  0 but f ( x)  0  x  R
 /2

 f '( x ) 
sin x 1
 f ( x )   ln (2  cos x)  c
21. Let I   1.ln(sin x)dx
2  cos x 2 0

Apply integration by parts

1
As f (0)  0 , c  ln 3  /2
2  /2

1  3 
 I  x ln (sin x ) 0
  cot x.x dx
0
 f ( x )  ln  
2  2  cos x 
 /2
 lim x ln(sin x)  0 
x
 I  cot x.x dx
0

 x 0


1 

18. F ( x)  log3t dt  x   , 4 
4   /2
2  x2  x2
 I   cot x.    ( cosec 2 x )
 dx
F '( x)  log3 x  0  2  0
2

 /2
1 x2
 I   2
dx  lim x 2 cot x  0 
 x  1 is the point of local minima 2 (sin x)  x0 
0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [139]

  /2 2
 x 
2 As  p   k
 
0
  dx  2 I   ln(2)
 sin x  1 2 1 2 2
I p 
2  2
p  
22.
26. By Leibnitz rule of differentiation
2
1   f '( x)   f ( x)  x  [0 , 1]

  f '( x) 2  1   f ( x) 2
f '( x )
  1  sin 1 ( y )   x  c
2
1   f ( x) 

Now y  sin x or y   sin x ( f (0)  0)

As f ( x)  0  x  [0 , 1] , f ( x )  sin x
 sin x  x  x  0

1 1 1 1

s
f    and f   

c
2
  2  3 3

i
2 a

t
from the figure , I  2
 f ( x)dx.

 a
2 x

e m 27. f ( x )  f (t ) dt  f (0)  0

t h
0
 
23. x   0 ,  , then

a a
 4 f '( x)

M m
f '( x )  f ( x )  1

r
cot x tan x tan x cot x f ( x)

e
(cot x)  (cot x)  (tan x)  (tan x)
 I 4  I3  I1  I 2 E
JE iv .S h a  f ( x)  ke x (where k is integration constant)

IIT -
c t
e Er L.K Now , f (0)  ke  0  k  0

24.
2a a

 f ( x)dx   f ( x)  O
2a
b j .
f ( x)dx
 f ( x)  0  f (ln 5)  0

0 0 a

2a
 I2   f ( x)dx , Putting (2a  t )  x 
28. I  [cot x ]dx
0
.... (i)

a
a a
0
 I2   f (2a  t ).(dx)  I 2  I1
Apply  f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx
0 0
a


25. Let k  p 2  k  1 , where k  I .... (ii)

I  [ cot x]dx
0

Adding equations (i) and (ii)

0 ; xI
As [ x ]  [ x ]  
 1 ; x  I



2 I  ( 1) dx  I  
0
2
1 1 2
from the figure , I  p    p 2  k
2 2
   [ I ]  2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [140]

 5
32.

29. I  ( x  1)( x  2)( x  3)( x  4)( x  5)dx
1

Putting x  3  t
2
 I  (t  2)(t  1)(t )(t  1)(t  2)dt
2

2
2
I  (t  4)(t 2  1) tdt  0
2

  
 I  , 
 2 2

1 2 1
x x
30. 
0
  f ( x ) dx  1 ,
      f ( x)dx  1 ,
0

s
1

 f ( x)dx  1
tic
a
0

m
1
  x 2 x 

e
Now f ( x)     2    1 dx  1  2  1  0

h
      

t
0  Figures (i) and (ii) represent the situation for f (x)

a   ma  
 
1 2

M
x  f ( x )  f 1 ( x ) dx  (2 x )dx   2   2

r
   1  f ( x ) dx  0

e a
 
E
JE iv .S h
0  

- t
Above integral is not possible for positive function In figure (i) , f '( )  f '( )  1

IIT c .K
je Er
f (x) , hence no f (x) exists.
L
 By Rolles's theorem , f "(x) will be zero for at least
.
b
one value of x in ( ,  ) similarly from figure (ii) also

31. f (2  x )  f (2  x )
Replace x by (x + 2) O it can be it can be confirmed that f "( x )  0 has at
least one real root in ( ,  )
 f (4  x )  f ( x) (Replace x by – x)
If g ( x)  f ( x)  f 1 ( x)  2 x , then g ( )  g (  )  0
Now , f (4  x )  f ( x )
( f ( )  f 1 ( )   and f (  )  f 1 (  )   )
As f (4  x)  f (4  x )
Hence , by Rolle's theorem g '( x)  0 has at least one
 f ( x )  f ( x  4)
real root in ( ,  )
 f ( x ) is periodic function with period 4
From figure (i) and (ii) it can be seen that  f ( x)  x
50 48 50
Now ,  f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx is either of the form ( x   )2 ( x   ) g ( x) or
0 0 48
( x   )( x   ) 2 g ( x) , where g(x) is polynomial
4  2 function of x or a constant
 12 f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx

 
   minimum degree of f ( x)  x is 3
0  0
 minimum degree of f (x) is 3
 f (2  x)  f (2  x) 
 12(2  5)  5  125
n
1 1
52 50 46 33. Sn 
n  k k
2
, and
 f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx   f ( x)dx  125
2 0 4
k 1
1     
n n

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [141]

 ( n 1)
1 1 1 3
Tn 
n 
k 0 k k
2
 f '   0 
4
f '   0
4
1     
n n 1 1 3
If f '    0 , f '    0 , f '    0 , then by
From the following figures it can be concluded that Sn 4 2 4
denotes the shaded area in figure (i) and Tn denotes Rolle's theorem f "( x ) vanishes at least twice on (0 ,
the shaded area in figure (ii) 1)
b b
Using the property 
a
f ( x)dx   f (a  b  x)dx ,
a

1 1
2 2
 1 1 
I  1
f  x   sin x dx  I  
 2  f  2  x  sin x dx
1
 
2 2

 I  I  I  0
1

s
sin  t
If z  f (1  t )e dt , then by

ti c 1

a
2

m
Putting 1  t  u ,

t h e 0

a
z   f (u ).esin  u du

a
M m
1

E e ar 2

JE iv .S h
- t
1/ 2

IIT c r.L .K   z f (u ) esin  u du

b je E
0

O
1/ 2 1

   f (t ) esin  t dt  f (1  t )esin  t dt.

1 0 1
dx
If I  0
1  x  x2
, then from the figures (i) and (ii) , 2

Sn  A  Tn . 35. f '( x)  0 and f "( x )  0 implies that f ( x) is strictly

1 1 increasing in nature and have convex downward graph
dx 2  2x  1 
Now , I   2
 tan 1   for all x  [1 , 6]
0 1 3 3  3  0
x  
 2 4

  
 I  Sn  and Tn  .
3 3 3 3 3 3

34. f ( x )  f (1  x )  f '( x)   f '(1  x)

 f '( x)  f '(1  x )  0

1 1 1
for x  , 2f '   0  f '   0
2 2
  2
1  1 
If f ( x)  f (1  x) , then f   x   f   x 
2  2 
 f ( x) is symmetrical about the line 2x –1 = 0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [142]

  7  f (1)  f (6)
By Jensen's inequality : f   
1 1/ 2
51
2 2 
0
g ( x)dx  
0
f ( x)dx   
4 2
6
If I   f (x)dx , then from figure it can be concluded 1
29
1   g ( x)dx  24
0
that value of I is less than the area of trapezium ABCD
6
Statement (1) and (2) are true but the reasoning is not
1 sufficient.
  f ( x)dx  2  f (1)  f (6)   (5)
1
38. f ( x)  f (2 x)  x  R and f (1)  3
Similarly I is more than area of the rectangle ADCC'
6
 f ( x)  3 (constant function)
  f ( x)dx  5 f (1) 1 1
1   f  f ( x)  dx   3dx  6
1 1
1
from figure it is clear that f ( x) is strictly increasing
Statement (1) and (2) are true and explanation correct.
and have convex upwards graph
 By Jensen's inequality
1
1 1
1  1(2)  2(5)   f (2)  2 f (5)  39. I n  x n .tan 1 ( x )dx

s
f   

c
 1 2   3

i
 0

 f 1
(4) 
f 1 (2)  2 f 1 (5)
at  x n 1
1 1
1 x n 1

m
1
3  I n  tan ( x ).  . dx

e
2
n 1 1 x n 1

h
0 0
3 f 1 (4)  f 1 (2)  2 f 1 (5)  0

t


a
1

a
36.  1 x n 1
  In   dx

M m 4( n  1) n  1 1  x 2
r
E ive .Sha
0

J E
IIT ct .L.K
1

-  

(n  1) I n  
x n 1
dx .... (i)

je Er
4
0
(1  x 2 )

O b Replace n by (n + 2) in above relation


1
x n 3
  (n  3) I n  2 
4

0
(1  x 2 )
dx .... (ii)
2
1 1  Now adding (i) and (ii)
from figure  f ( x)dx  2 (2)(1)  2  2 (1)(1)   0 1
2  x n 1 (1  x 2 )
Statement (1) and (2) are True but the explanation is  (n  1) I n  (n  3) I n  2 
2

0
 (1  x 2 )
dx
incorrect.
2  1 
5 1  (n  1) I n  (n  3) I n  2    
36. f ( x)    x    x  R  2 n2
4  2
 1 
  n  (n  1) ,  n  (n  3) and  n    
 2 n2
 1 ,  2 ,  3 , .....,  n are in A.P. and
1 ,  2 , 3 , .....,  n are in A.P..

40. f '( x)  x3 ( x2  4)(e x  1)

 f '( x)  x3 ( x  2)( x  2)(e x  1)

from above graph from above sign scheme for f '( x) , it can be seen that
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) x  0 is the point of inflection. [143]
 Statement (1) is False and statement (2) is correct.
 1. Applying partial differentiation w.r.t. y in the given 1

  tan 
1
functional relationship and then putting y  0  I2  ( x  1)  tan 1 ( x ) dx
1
1
 f '( x)  f ( x)  x ( x ( x  1)  1)
x
1
1 1 d  f ( x)  1
   f '( x )  2 f ( x)  1 
 x x

dx  x 
 1  I2   tan
1
( x  1)dx  0

 f ( x )  x (c  x ) As f (3)  12 1
1
 f ( x)  x  x 2  I2   tan
1
( x  1)dx
Alternatively the functional relationship can be
arranged as follows and then applying the limit
for y  0

ics
t
y
 f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)  

a
x

 f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)  
em
2 x 2 y  2 y3

t h
x

a a
Now
f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)

y

E e M rm
 f ( x  y)  f ( x  y)  
h a
JE iv .S
( x  y)  ( x  y) 2 xy Geometrically I 2  ABC

IIT -
c t .K 2 x2 y  2 y3 1

je Er
(2) tan 1 (2)
L
 I2 
. 2 xy 2

Apply limit for y  0

O b  I 2  tan 1 (2)

1
 f '( x )  (2 f ( x ))  x  f ( x )  x 2  x 
x3 x 2

2x 3. ( x 2  x )dx  0 

1
3

2 1
0
1
dx
I1  
0 4  x3  x2
 2 3  3 2  1  0
 (  1)2 (2  1)  0
2 2 3 2
for x  (0 , 1) , 4  2 x  4  x  x  4  x
1 
1 1
   , 
dx dx 2 
 
0 4x 2
 I1  
0 4  2 x2
2 2
1
x
1
1  x  4.  ln  f ( x)  dx   ln sin x dx
 sin 1    I1  sin 1   2 2
2 0 2  2 0
2
 

6
 I1 
4 2
 
0  2 ln sin x dx
0

  ln ( f ( x)) is odd function 

1
 1   /2
2. I 2   tan 1   dx 1
1
 1  x ( x  1) 
 8  ln (sin x) dx  4 ln  2 
0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [144]

 b
1 1
  ln  
 16 
8. Area   f ( x)dx and
a
f '( x ) 

3 1  f 2 ( x) 
b
 g (e x )  x b
5.  '( x )  
1 e
2x  e

A  xf ( x ) a 
 x. f '( x) dx
a

(1  px  x 2 )(2 x  p )  (1  px  x 2 )(2 x  p ) b
x dx
g ( x)  f '( x ) 
(1  px  x ) 2 2  A  bf (b)  af (a )   3(1  f
a
2
( x))
2
2 p( x  1)
 g ( x) 
( x 2  px  1)2 b
x dx
 ex  2 p(e 2 x  1) 
 Area   3  ( f ( x)) 1  bf (b)  af (a )
a
2
Now ,  '( x )   2x 
 e 2 x  pe x  1 
 1 e  

  '( x)  (positive no.) (e2 x  1) 3

9. For x  ( 2 , 2) ,  g ( x)   3 g ( x )  x  0 .... (i)
3
and  g (  x)   3 g (  x )  x  0 .... (ii)

cs
Adding (i) and (ii)

i
  ( x ) has local minima at x  0

at
 g ( x ) 3   g (  x ) 3  3  g ( x )  g (  x )   0

m 
3
( x 2  1)dx  ( g ( x )  g (  x )) ( g ( x ))2  g (  x )2  g ( x ) g ( x)  3  0
6. I   1 2
3
ln  f ( x ) 

t h e ..... (i)
As g (0)  0 is satisfied for first factor

Apply
b

 f ( x)dx  
b

M a
f (a  b  x)dx
rm a  g ( x )  g ( x )  0

e
 g (1)   g (1)
a a
E
JE iv .S h a
t
1

- K
T c r.L
1

II . 
3 2 Now , g '( x )dx  g ( x )

e
( x  1)dx 1
 1 2
j
 I  ln  f ( x )  ..... (ii) 1

b E
3
 g (1)  g (1)  2 g (1)
Adding (i) and (ii)
3
2
O 
 2I 
3
 (x  1)dx  I  12
10.  f ( )  x 2
 ln x dx
x 2
0

Let x   u
3 2 dy 3dy
7. y  3 y  x  0  3 y .  1  0 
dx dx  2 ln( u ) du
dy 1 1
  f ( )  
0
 2 (u 2  u  1)
  2
or f '( x) 
dx 3(1  y ) 3(1  f 2 ( x ))
 
ln ( ) du ln (u ) du
Now f "( x) 
2 f ( x ). f '( x )   f ( )  u
0
2
 u 1

u
0
2
 u 1
3(1  f 2 ( x))2

2 f ( x) ln ( ) du
 f "( x )  3
Now  f ( )  f (1) 
u 2
 u 1
 
9  1  f 2 ( x) 
  0


du
 f "(10 2) 
2(2 2 )

4 2   f ( )  f (1)  ln( )  1 3
2
2 3 9(7)3 0
u   
9 1  2 2     2 4
 

4 2  1  2u  1  
ln   tan 1 
 
f " 10 2    9(7)3

 3 / 2  3 

0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [145]

 
2 ln      2 ln  ( ) 
    f ( x)(  cos x) 0

 f '( x)cos x dx 
3 2 6 3 3
0

As it is given  f ( )  f (1)  
3 
sin x  f ' x  
0

 f '( x)cos x dx  6
0
2 3
 ln   1  ln    
3 2 
  cos x f ( x)  si n  f '( x)  6
0
3/ 2
  e  f ( )  0  f (0)  0  6
Now ( )ln 4  e3/ 2 ln 4  8  f (0)  6  f ( )  4

11. Apply Leibnitz rule of differentiation 

5 x 3 cos 4 x.sin x
 dy 
f ( xy ).  x  y   y f ( x)
13. I   ( 2
 3 x  3 x 2 )
....(i)
 dx  0

y a a
x
dy dy
  f (t )dt . 
dx  f (t )dt xf ( y )
dx
Apply  f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx
0 0

s
1 1

dy 
x 
tic 

 
5(  x )3.cos4 x.sin x dx

a
 x f ( xy )  f (t )dt  xf ( y )    I
dx   
2
 3 (  x )  3(  x )2 
m
0
 1 

t h e 
y
 I

5(  x )3 .cos 4 x.sin x
dx ....(ii)

a
 
yf ( x )  yf ( xy ) 
 f (t )dt  2  3 x  3x 2
a 0

M m
1
Now putting y = 1
E e ar Adding (i) and (ii)

JE iv .S  h 
 x3  (  3)3 
- t
x
dy   2 I  5cos 4 x sin x  2
T c K
dx
 (  3 x  3 x 2 ) 
II .
xf ( x )  f (t ) dt  3 x   f ( x )  f ( x )  0  0


je Er L
 

.
dx   0
 1 


dy
dx
 0 , xf ( x ) 
O
x
b
f (t )dt  3 x  0 

2 I  5cos4 x sin x ( ) dx
0
1

Again apply Leibnitz rule  

5 5  cos5 x
 x f '( x)  f ( x)  f ( x)  3  0  I  cos 4 x sin x dx    
2 2  5 
0 0
3
 f '( x)   f ( x)  3 ln x  c
x 5 1 1
    
f (1)  3  c  3 2  5 5
 f ( x)  3 ln (ex)  I  3
1 1
Now , f (e37 )  (3)(38)  2
57 57
x
2 t



14. f ( x )  x  e f ( x  t )dt
0
12.   f ( x)  f "( x) sin x dx  6 ;
0
where f ( )  2
a a

 
Apply 
0
f ( x)dx   f (a  x)dx
0

 f ( x)sin xdx   f "( x)sin x dx  6
0 0
x
 f ( x )  x 2  et  x . f (t )dt

Apply integration by parts
0

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [146]

 x 1

 f ( x)  x  e 2 x t
 e f (t )dt (d)  min  | x  1| , | x  1 |  dx
1
0

Apply Leibnitz rule of differentiation

x
  
f '( x)  2 x  e  x e x f ( x )   e  x . et f (t )dt

0

 f '( x)  2 x  f ( x)  ( x 2  f ( x))

 f '( x)  2 x  2 x2

x3
Now f ( x)  x 2  c  f (0)  0 
3 1
 (2)(1)  1
2
x3
 f ( x)  x 2 
3
17. (a) f (2a  x )  f ( x )  f (a  x )  f (a  x )
1 1
 f (3)   9  9   9
2 2

ics
t
1


a
15. I  sin( x).sin(  x) dx

m
0

1
1

t
  cos(   ) x  cos(   ) x  dxh e
a
 I
2
a
M m
0

E e ar 1

JE iv .S h
1  sin(   ) x sin(   ) x 
 I   from the figure it can be seen that
- t

T c K
2  (   )   
II .
0

e
2a a 2a

j r.L    f ( x ) dx  2 f ( x ) dx 2 f ( x )dx

b E
1  sin(   ) sin(   ) 
 I   

O
0 0 a
2  (   ) (   ) 

 tan    and tan     (b) f (2a  x )   f ( x)  f (a  x )   f (a  x )

1  sin(   ) sin(   ) 
I   
2  tan   tan  tan   tan  

1
 I  cos  cos   cos  cos  
2
 I 0

2 1
16. (a) 
2
{x}dx  4 {x}dx
0

a a
1 
 4  (1)(1)   2
2  from the figure , 
0
f ( x )dx   f ( x)dx
2a

3 a a
(b) 
3
| x | x dx  0 (By even-odd property) (c) f (  x )  f ( x)   
f ( x )dx  2 f ( x)dx
a 0

a
1/ 2
sin 1 ( x)
(c) 
(1  x 2
)
dx  0 (By even-odd property) (d) f (  x )   f ( x)   f ( x)dx  0
a
1/ 2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [147]

 18. (a) Sn 
1

1
 ..... 
1 x
2 2 2 2
Putting t
4n  0 4n  1 4n  (2 n  1) 2

(2n 1)
1 1 2
 Sn 
n  r
2

 log e L  ln(sin t ).
2 2   1 
dt   ln   
r 0
4     2  2 
0
n
1
2 2  L
dx x 1   2
 lim S n 
n  
0 4x 2
 sin  
2
  0

2 (d)

f (b )

 x f 
1
(b) Let I  ( x)  b dx
f (a )

Putting f 1 ( x)  t  x  f (t )
b
 I  f (t )(t  b). f '(t )dt
a

ics
t
I  (t  b )  f (t ). f '(t )  dt Let f ( x)  | x  2 |  1  1 from graph of f (x) ,
 
a

m a 4
1 

e
f ( x)dx  2  (2)(1)   2
2 b

h
b
 f (t )  ( f (t ))2 2 

t
0
 I  (t  b)   dt

a a
2 2
a a

 f (t ) 
E e M
b

h a rm 2

JE iv .S
 a b 2
   f (a)   dt
- t
 2  2

II T c .K
a


1 
b

b je Er .L 
I    ( f (t ))2 dt  f 2 (a ).(a  b ) 

O
2 
a
b b
1  
 I    ( f (t ))2 dt  f 2 (a ). dx 
 
2 
a a

b
1  

2
I     f (t )   f (a )2 dx 
2   
a 

   f (t )   dx
2 2
  f (a) 
a
  2
I
1
 n 1   r    n
(c) Let L  lim  
 sin    
n 
 r 1   2n   

n 1
1  r 
 log e ( L) 
n  ln  sin  2n  
r 1

1
  x 
 log e ( L)  ln  sin 
0
  2 
  dx

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [148]

 Chapter No -20 ( Area Bounded by Curves )

1. Normal at (1 , 1) is given by : 3. f ( x)  4 | 10  x |
y 1 1
x 1
   3y  x  4  0
3
or f ( x)  | x  10 | 4  x  x 

s
1

ic
Area  (8)(4)  16

t
2

Area 
1
3
 x dx  2 (3)(1)
1

m a dy

e
4.  (1  2 x )

h
0 dx


1 3 7
  Square units.
at a
 y  x  x 2  c or f ( x )  x  x 2  c

M rm
4 2 4
f (2)  2  c  0
2. E e
JE iv .S h a f ( x)  x  x 2

t

- K
IIT c
je Er .L.
O b

As shown in figure , point P is given by  x  x  x 2

 Point P is  (1   ) , f (1   ) 

1
32
 x  x 
2
Area     x dx
3
0
 
y  3tan x and y  2 cos x meet at  , 3 
6  (1 )
32 x 2 x3
 /6   (1   ) 
3 2 3
Area 
  2 cos x  3 tan x  dx
0
0

32 (1   )3 (1   )3
 /6   
 2 sin x  3ln(sec x ) 0 3 2 3

 3 3  (1   )3   64
 1  3 ln   1  ln(3)  3ln(2)
 2  2
     3 or 5

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [149]

 7. f ( x)  min  
x (2  x) , (2  x )

As shown in figure , if slope of line is +ve the also the

32
bounded area can be
3
1
1
5. Let | y | x and x | y | 2 meet at P.. Area 
0
x (2  x) dx  (1)(1)
2
 x x2
1
 x4 1
1  ( x  1)2 dx

2


0

s
1

c
1  ( x  1) 1  x  1 
2 x  x 2  sin 1 

i
  

t
2  2 2  1 

a
0

m
1  1 1  1 

e
   sin (1)   
2 2  2 4

at h a  Area 
 2
Square units.

M m
4

E e ar
JE iv .S  h
IIT- t
a
a2 a

c K
2 
. 8. f ( x)dx    sin a   cos a

je Er
 ( y  2)  y L
2
Area  2 dy
.
2 2 2

b
0
0

O
Apply Leibnitz rule of differentiation
 y2 2
 y3  a 1 
 2  2y    f (a)  a  (cos a)  sin a  sin a
 2 3 2 2 2
0

   1 
20  f    0 
 Square units. 2 2 2 2
3
1

6. 2

9. Bounded area 'A' is shown in figure

e e
 1  1  1
Area  2  (1)     Square units
 2  2  2 
A  ln ( y )dy or
1
 ln(1  e  y)dy (By property)
1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [150]

 e
 y ln( y )  y 1  1 3 2 1 
 (2)  3   (1) 2 
4  6 
 A  1 Square units
1  
  3   Square units.
A  area (OABC )  e x dx

0
 2

12.
1  1 
 
 e  e x dx or e  e y dy 
0
  0 

10. Solving the given two curves simultaneously
 x2  2  cos  x  2 | x |

 x2  2 | x | 2  cos  x  0
4

x 
2
x As shown in figure , A 
 | x | 12  2 cos 2  0
 2 x dx
 2  2

 | x |  1 or x  1 4

s
x3 2 x 56 12

c
   

i
1
3 ln 2

t
3 ln 2
 ( x 
2 2
 2)   2 | x |  cos  x  dx

a
 Area 

m
1

e
1
13. f ( x)  x  sin x and f ( x)  x  sin x

h
1 

t
 

 2  x 2  2  2 x  cos  x dx   
 0 

M a rm a    Area  2 f ( x)  f 1 ( x) dx

E ive .Sh 
0

 x3
 2   2 x  x2 
sin  x 
J E
1
a 

IIT ct .L.K
-

 3    2 (2 sin x) dx  8

je Er
0
0

b
1  8
 2   2 1  0  

O
 3  3 2
14. x  ln y  y  e x ; x  0

11. In ABC , min  PA , PB , PC  1 e4

Let A 
 e
ln y dy

Let point 'P' be (x , y)

 min  x y ,
2 2

( x  2) 2  y 2 , ( x  1) 2  ( y  3) 2  1

Hence point 'P' lies on the arc of unit radius circles as from graph of x  ln y
shown in figure.
Area bounded by locus of point 'P'
A    1(e)  2 e 4  
1   A  2e4  e  
 Area of ABC  3  (area of unit radius circle) 
6 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [151]

 x2 2 1 2 1
15. Given curves are y  x   x 2 and y    2t 2dt 4t dt
 

0 1 t2
.
1  t 2
  1  t 

0
2
1 t2
x2
 x  x  2

 17.


 x 1   x2 x    0  

 x  0 and x  are the locations for point
1  2
of intersection.
Let the bounded area be 'A'
 /(1 2 )
 2 x2 
 A

0
 x   x   dx
  
3 4
from graph of y  f ( x) , Area  ln  

2 3
x 2   2  1  x3 (1 2 )
 8 
 A    Area  ln 
2    3 
0 3 3 

2   2  1  1   3
ics
 A

2 1 2

2

 
.
   3  1   2 

at 18. Let the locus point be P( x , y )

em
h
2
2 2

t
1 1  
 A  .  

a


a
2 2
3 1 2 6  1  2 

2 1  2   
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
2
 
- t
2

c K
1 1 
T
11
II .
je Er
 A     
6  1  62
.L
b

  

O  1 
 x   2 if x  R 
 x  Now ,
1 ( AP )2  ( BP ) 2  (CP )2  ( DP ) 2  ( EP )2  ( FP ) 2  24
 Amax  at   1
24
 2 2 
  1  3 
 ( x  1) 2  y 2   x     y    ...  ...  24
  2   2  
 /4 1 1
 1  sin x  2  1  sin x  2 
16. Area  
0
  
 cos x   cos x  
  dx  x2  y2  3
 
 Required area  3 Sq. units.
 x x
 /4
 1  tan 1  tan  2
2 2  dx 19. Given curve are y  x  2 and y 

,
   2
x  4x  5
 1  tan x x
0 1  tan 
 2 2 

 /4 x
2 tan dx
2


0 1  tan 2
x
2

x 1 dt
Let tan  t  dx 
2 2 1 t2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [152]

 2  A  56
x2  2
( x  2)  1 Similarly , Area (A) > Area ( PTUQ)

for x  2 ; ( x  2)3  ( x  2)  2  0 1
 A  2  4  14
2
 x  2 1  x  3
 A  42
3 2dx 1  graph of y  2 x  | x |  log 2 y
2
 
 Area  2 

 1 1  ( x  2)
2

2
(1)(1) 

16 
 

 2 2 tan 1 ( x  2)
3 1
 

 2

A  2  log 2 y dy 

 2 2
Putting y  2 x  dy  2dx
 1 
 2       1 Sq. units. 8 8
 2 2
log 2 (2 x).2dx  4(log 2 2 x)1/ 2 dx
 A2

1

1
12 x
20. y   2sin x  ; y    18 8
 1/ 2
 A
 16 log (2x) 2 dx

cs
1

i
  at  A
8

16 1  log 2 x 
1/ 2
dx

em 1

a th a 22. An 
 /4
(tan x)n dx

M
E ive .Sh
E a r m 0

J
IIT ct .L.K
 /4

-  An  An  2  (tan x) n (1  tan 2 x)dx

b je Er 0

O
1    
 /4
from graph , Area    (2)  (tan x) n 1 4
2 3  3 (tan x ) n .(sec 2 x ) dx 
 
0
n 1 0

 Required area  Sq. units.
3 1
 An  An  2 
n 1
2
21. y  18 y  32  0   n
If x  0 ,  , then 0   tan x   1 , n  N  1 , 2
 ( y  2)( y  16)  0  4

  tan x n  2  (tan x )n
 An  2  An
Hence , An  2  An  2 An

1 1 
 An   
2  n 1 

1
 An  ...(i)
2n  2
Similarly , An  2  An
 An 2  An  2 An

from figure , Area (A) < Area (PQRS) 1 1 

 An   
 A  (4)(14) 2  n 1 
Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [153]
 2
1 24. ( y  x)  sin x
 An  ...(iii)
2n  2
 y  x  sin x and y  x  sin x
1 1
from (i) and (ii) ,  An   f ( x)  x  sin x and g ( x)  x  sin x
2n  2 2n  2


Now , A 
  f ( x)  g ( x) dx
0


 A  2 sin x dx
0


Putting x   t  dx  dt
2
 

2 2

from graph , An  OAB  A

2 cos t dt  2
 cos t dt

s
 


c
1   2 2

i
 An    (1)

t
2 4 

a

2

m

 An   An  tan 1   2 1

e 
8  A4 cos t dt

h
t a
0

a
23. f '(1)  (2   ) (By property of even and odd functions)

 Equation of tangent is 
E M
E ive .Sh
 y 1 
arm
  (2   )  A4
 /2
cos x dx.

J
 x 1 

IIT ct .L.K
- 0

je Er
  1    for x  0 ,  , sin  sin x  1
 A , 0  and B   0 ,  (  1) 

b
 2 

O
 
1  (  1)2 
 Area of AOB  
2    2 
   
0
2sin x dx  A  2dx
0

 4  A  2
(   1)2
Now , 2
2| 2|

 (  1)2  4 |   2 |
Case 1 :   2
 (  1)2  (4  8)

 (  3)2  0
   3
Case 2 :   2
 (  1)2  4  8

 (  1)2  8

from graph , A  2 sin 2 x dx
0

   1 2 2
  1  2 2 is only applicable    2   /2
2

from case (1) and (2) ,   3 or 1  2 2

 A4
 (sin
0
x)dx.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [154]

 25. f ( x)  x2  2 | x |  x  R  
 1 ; x  (2 n  1) 2
27. f ( x)   , where n  I
 0 ; x  (2n  1) 
 2

Area bounded by f ( x) with x-axis

2
8
 2 ( x 2  2 x )dx 

0
3
Sq. units.

Area bounded by g(x) with y  x2  2 x 4

2 
2
2 4
Area 
 (x2
 6 x  8)dx 
3

 (x  2 x)dx 
3
Sq. units.
Statement (1) and (2) are true but the explanation is not

s
0

c
appropriate.
Area bounded by g(x) with y  1 | x  1|
1
ati
28. Statements (1) and (2) are true and the reasoning is

m
 (2)(1)  1 Sq. units. also correct.

e
2
Area bounded by g ( x ) with y ( x  1)  0

at h a
29. y  1  1  x 2

M m
1 1
x3  ( y  1)2  x 2  1 ; y  1

 
x 2  2 x dx   x2
E e ar
JE iv .S h
3 2
2

IIT -
c t .K
je Er L
7 2

.
  3  Sq. units.

b
3 3

26.
O

 f 
1
Area  ( x)  f ( x) dx
0

1 1 
 
 2  (1)(1)  f ( x)dx 
 2
0 

 /4
Area 
  cos y  sin y  dy   2 1  1

0 1 2
 1  
1  x 2 dx
0
   3 
 Area  tan   or cot   1
8
   8   x 1 
1 2 x  1  x 2  sin 1 ( x) 
 Both statements (1) and (2) are true and the  2 2  0
explanation is appropriate.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [155]

  
 1  2 1  
 4
  
 1 2     1 Square units.
2 2 
 Statement (1) is false.

 3 
x
30. Area   3x 2 dx
3

4
3x  54 
A  x3    37  Sq. units.
ln 3 3  ln 3 

ics
As shown in graph , area bounded by y  3x 2 and
at
y  3x 1 can be A1 or A2 and neither A1 nor A2 lie
em
(1) is false.
at h
in between the lines x  3 and x  4 , hence statement

a
  54
E e

M h arm
JE iv .S
Area which is calculated as A  i.e.   37   is the


t
  ln 3
-


IIT c .K
je Er .L
area bounded by y  3x 2 , y  3x 1 and the line x  4
x 4  3x 1.x 2  x 2  3x 1  0
 x 4
 O 
b
 x 2  3 x 1 x 2  1

 x2 (1  x 2 )  3x 1 ( x 2  1)

 x 2  3x 1
 3 x 2  3x
 x  x0 , 1 , 3
Statement (2) is true.

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [156]

 1
n 1    1  ln 4 
1. An 
 x .tan
0
( x)dx 
 20


Refer Hints/Solutions of chapter-19 (Execrcise (1)/Q-
39) a



(n  1) An  (n  3) An  2   
1 

4. A1 
 sin x  f ( x) dx  (a  1)cos a  sin a  1
0
 2 (n  2) 
differentiate w.r.t. a
 1  sin a  f (a )  (a  1)( sin a)  cos a  cos a
2. ( n  1) An  ( n  3) An  2  
2 n2
 sin a  f (a )  a sin a  sin a  cos a  cos a
Putting n = 1 and n = 2
 f (a )  a sin a

s
 1

c
 2 A1  4 A3   ...(i)

i
2 3  f ( x)  x sin x

 1
3 A2  5 A4  
at
....(ii)
for point A , sin a  a sin a

m
2 4  a 1
Adding (i) and (ii)

t h e  

A2  ( x sin x  sin x)dx

a
7
 2 A1  3 A2  4 A3  5 A4   
a
M
1

m
12
4

E e ar 

JE iv .S h
7
  (r  1) Ar   
  ( x  1)sin x dx

T -
c t K
12

II .
r 1

je Er
1

.L
b
 1
 A2    1  sin(1)
3. (n  1) An  (n  3) An  2  

Putting n  0 and n  2
 1
O 2 n2

2

 A0  3 A2  
2 2
...(i) 5. A3 
 sin x  x sin x  dx

 1  A3  3  2  7.4
3 A2  5 A4   ...(ii)
4 4
Subtracting (i) from (ii)   A3   7
1
 5 A4  A0 
4
y  sin1
1 6.  f '(1)
 5 A4   A0 x 1
4
( y  sin1)
1    cos1  sin1
1  1 
 x 1
 A4    (tan 1 x)dx 
5 4
 0
  sin1
for ( k , 0) ,  cos1  sin1
k 1
1
1  1  1 1 2   cos1
    x tan x  ln(1  x )    k
5 4  2  0  cos1  sin1


1 1  1  1
    ln 2  k
5 4 4 2  1  tan1

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [157]

  px 2  qx  4  10t 10
7. lim    1  Area  2

x   x 2  1  1 t  1
 t  
 t
 p  1
 1 
 x 2  qx  4  Maximum Area  5  x   2 ; x  R  
 f ( x)   x 
x2 1
Now , f ( x)  f  | x |  x  R 9. lim f ( x)  f (1) and lim f ( x)  f (1)
x 1 x 1
 f ( x)  f (  x)
 1
 lim  x  k 2  2k    f (1)
 x 2  qx  4  x 2  qx  4 x 1
 2
 
x2  1 x2 1
3 3
 q0  k 2  2k  
2 2
4  x2  k 2  2k  3  0
 f ( x) 
1  x2  (k  3)(k  1)  0
 5   k  R  (1 , 3)
 f ( x)   2
 1
 1  x 
g ( x)   f ( x)  | x |  2
ics 10. d ( P , AB)  min d ( P , BC ) , d ( P , CD ) , d ( P , AD )

at
em
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
from graph it can seen that no of points of discontinuity
are 2(4 )  1
 8  1  31
O Let the moving point P be (x , y)
 d ( P , AB)  y , d ( P , BC )  (3  x )
  4
d ( P , CD )  (4  y ) , d ( P , AD)  (3  x)
8. Case 1 : If
min d ( P , BC ) , d ( P , CD) , d ( P , AD )  d ( P , BC )
 3  x  4  y and 3  x  3  x
 x  y  1 and x  0
Now d ( P , AB )  d ( P , BC )
 y  3 x  x  y  3
 according to case (1) :
x  0 , y  x 1 , x y  3
Similarly , consider two other cases when
 4  t2  d ( P , CD) and d ( P , AD) is minimum as shown in
Let point 'B' be  t , ;t0
2  figure.
 1 t  Required axes = area of trapezium (EFBA)
 4  t2  1
 Area of R  2t 
 1 t2
 1

  6  2   (2)  8 Sq. units.
  2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [158]

 11. y( x2  3ax  2a 2 )  0 2 2

 x 
2 2 2
 y ( x  2a)( x  a )  0 A
1
 (2  x ) dx 
 2  (x
2
 2)dx

2a
x 1 
 A
   2 dx
6 x 
2

(2 x 2  2)dx 
2
2
a  A

1
 (4  x )dx
2
2a
x2 1
A 
12 x  3 2 2 
a  2x x3 
  2x  4x  
 3a 2 1 1  a 2 1  3 1
3 2

     
 12 2a a  4 2a
 
20  12 2
3
  1.01
dA  a 1  a 1 3
New ,   0  0
da  2 2a 2  2a 2   A  1
 a  1 is location of local minima
 a  1 for least value of area 'A'.
x 2 (2  x)
14. y 2 
12. Tangent to curve at (2 , 3) 2

ics
t
y 3 1 1 x 2 (2  x )
 

a
x  2 2( y  2) (2 , 3) 2  | y|
2
 2 y  x  4 or x  (2 y  4)
e m
at h a
E e M h arm
JE iv .S
IIT -
c t .K
b je Er .L
O
2 2
x 2 (2  x )
3
  A2
2
dx  2 x 2  x dx
Required area 
  
1  ( y  2) 2  (2 y  4) dy 0 0

0
Put 2  x  t 2
3 3 0

 y 
2
 6 y  9 dy  ( y  3)2 dy

0

0
 A 2
 (2  t )t(2t)dt
2

3
( y  3)3 2
2
  9 Sq. units.  4t 3 2t 5 
3 2 4
0  2
 0
(4t  2t ) dt  2 
 3


5 

0
13.
32
 A Sq. units  2.13
15
 Least integer greater than A = 3

2
15. (a)  y  sin 1
( x)   x  x2

 y  sin 1 ( x )  x  x 2

 y1  sin 1 ( x )  x  x 2 and

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [159]

 y2  sin 1 ( x)  x  x 2 for x   0 , 1 ; 1  (sin x  cos x) 2  2
2
1  x 2  x(sin x cos x)  x
 area  2 x  x 2 dx

0
1
2
1

1

 x dx  A   x dx
0 0
2
1  1 
 2

0
  x   dx  Sq. units
4  2 4 1 1
 A , 
3 2
0
2 x 1
 x 3e x )dx
(b)
 (2 x e
2
(c) f ( x) 
4  x2  x3
 x   0 , 1

0 4  2 x 2  4  x2  x3  4  x2
x 3 2 18  2e2

 e (x
2
 2 x )dx 
e2 
1
 f ( x) 
1
2
4 x 4  2x2
0 0
1 1
2 x x 2

(c)  ( x  2 x)e dx  e ( x  2)


dx
 A
 2
dx

s 
2
2 2 4x 2  x2

c
0 0
= 4 Square units.

(d) x  4  y 2 2 2
 x  y  4 , where x  0
ati x 1
1
 x 
1

m
 sin 1    A  sin 1  

e
2
 0 2  2 0

at h a


 A
1 
.

M
6 2 4

rm
E
JE iv .Se h a 
 A ,
 

- t
6 4 2
K


IIT
jec r.L. 1

b
  x  0 , 1
E
(d) f ( x) 
1  x6

1
O for x   0 , 1 ; 1  x 2  1  x 6  1  x 2

4

Area   (2)2   Sq. units.  1
dx
1
dx

 1 x 2
 A
 1  x2
16. (a) f ( x)  x3  2  x   0 , 1 0 0

1 1
2  x3  2 
 3  x  [0 , 1]

 ln x  1  x 2
 0
 A  sin ( x) 1

0
1 1


 2 dx  A 
 3 dx
 ln 2  A 

0 0 2
 A  2, 3  
 
A   ln 2 , 
2
 2
(b) f ( x)  ( x) (sin x  cos x)
17. Let point 'P' be ( ,  2 ) , where   (0 , 1)


x 
2
 area of region (OPR )   f ( x ) dx
0

2
 y
area of region (OPQ) 
 
0
y  dy
2

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [160]

  2
 y
x 
2

0
 f ( x ) dx 
 
0
y  dy
2

differentiate w.r.t. 
 2 
  2

 f ( ) 1    
  (2 )
2 


  2  f ( )  2 2   3

 f ( )   3   2  f ( x)  x3  x 2

(a) f '( x)  (3x2  2 x)  0

2
 x is location of local minima
3
2
 global minima  f  
3

s
3 2

c
2 2 2 4

i
 f         

t
3 3
      3 27

m a 1
 
e
(b) area  2 x3  x 2 dx  Sq. units.

h
6

t
0

 3 2 2
 x  x ; 0  x  3
M a rm a
(c) g ( x)  
  4 2 E e
JE iv .S h a
- t
;  x 1
 27 3
IIT c .K
 b  j
2 /3
e Er .L 4  2

O
 area  x 2  x3 dx  1  
27  3 
0

4 4 8
   Sq. units.
81 81 81
1

(d) area 
 
x  x 2  x 3  x 2 dx 
0

1
1
x  x2 


0
12

1 2
1  1 1


0
  x   dx 
4  2 12

 1  3  2 
    Sq. units.
8 12  24 

Mathematics for IIT-JEE (Hints/Solutions) [161]