DIPLOMA IN COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN &

DRAFTING

(DCADD)

A TRAINING REPORT

Submitted by

KAMALAKANTA NAYAK

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
TEXTILE ENGINEERING

REGD NO.:- 0701106336

7TH SEM

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, BBSR

BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY, ORISSA

NOVEMBER 2010
Abstract……………………………………………………

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. Computer concept,ms dos, ms windows

3. Cad commands-draw,modify, tools, view

4. Layers, block, dimensioning & filters

5. 3d solid, 3d viewing, 3d modelling

6. Shading, rendering, system variables

7. Introduction to lisp programming

8. Special features in new release

9. Conclusion
 ABSTRACT

CAD or Computer-aided design has brought a revolution in the Textile

Industry. The time consuming and cumbersome process of textile designing has
been made easier by CAD. Now thoughtful and innovative designs are available
to the textile designers and textile manufacturers at the click of a mouse

When the products in pre-manufacturing stage are designed with the help
of computer-based tools, it is termed as CAD or Computer-aided design.
Sometimes the acronyms such as CADD or CAID are also used which stand for
"Computer-aided design and drafting" and “Computer-aided Industrial Design”
respectively. These terms are mostly used in the sectors related to the
manufacturing of engineering goods. As far as textile industry is related, CAD
is generally used for interpreting computerized designing. It includes both,
software and sometimes special-purpose hardware.

The textile designs are the original works of the designers. CAD helps
them to visualize and see their imaginative design in final form without
producing any sample swatch. Sometimes, The customers too provide ideas for
designing according to their particular requirement. These are in the form of
painted artwork or fabric samples and sometimes film negatives. The textile
designers, with the help of CAD, convert them into workable designs. For this
to be done, the sample is scanned with the help of either scanners or digital
cameras and then they are edited to obtain the final design.

The usefulness of CAD has driven the market to produce specific

softwares for different aspects of textile and apparel

manufacturing. If there are softwares for designing footwear, caps and bags,
there are pattern making software too for fashion industry. There are solutions
for sewn goods industry as well as systems for the design of jacquard woven
fabrics. The garment pattern designs are even available in home, expert, and
professional versions. Precision cutting systems, cutting and plotting systems,
pattern design, grading and marker making- you name it and there is a software
for every textile related work- this is IT revolution in textile industry.
 INTRODUCTION

Autocad is a cad (computer aided design or computer aided drafting)

software application for 2d and 3d design and drafting. It was developed and
sold by autodesk, inc. First released in december 1982, autocad was one of the
first cad programs to run on personal computers, notably the ibm pc. At that
time, most other cad programs ran on mainframe computers or mini-computers
which were connected to a graphics computer terminal for each user.

Early releases of autocad used primitive entities — lines, polylines,

circles, arcs, and text — to construct more complex objects. Since the mid-
1990s, autocad has supported custom objects through its c++ application
programming interface (api). Modern autocad includes a full set of basic solid
modeling and 3d tools. With the release of autocad 2007 came improved 3d
modeling, which meant better navigation when working in 3d. Moreover, it
became easier to edit 3d models. The mental ray engine was included in
rendering, it was now possible to do quality renderings. Autocad 2011
introduced parametric functionality and mesh modeling.

Autocad supports a number of apis for customization and automation.

These include autolisp, visual lisp, vba, .net and objectarx. Objectarx is a c++
class library, which was also the base for products extending autocad
functionality to specific fields, to create products such as autocad architecture,
autocad electrical, autocad civil 3d, or third-party autocad-based applications.

Autocad and autocad lt are available for english, german, french, italian,
spanish, japanese, korean, chinese simplified, chinese traditional, russian, czech,
polish, hungarian, brazilian portuguese, danish, dutch, swedish, finnish,
norwegian, and vietnamese. The extent of localization varies from full
translation of the product to documentation only. The autocad command set is
localized as a part of the software localization.
 OVERVIEW OF INFOCENTER

You can use InfoCenter to search a variety of information sources with one
query. You can also easily access product updates and announcements.
You can use InfoCenter to:
 Search for information through keywords (or by entering a phrase)
 Access subscription services through Subscription Center panel
 Access to product-related updates and announcements through
Communication Center panel
 Access saved topics through Favorites panel
 Access topics in Help

To display the InfoCenter box in a collapsed state, click the arrow to its left.

TO BROWSE SEARCH RESULTS

1. On the panel for Search Results, Subscription Center, Communication
Center, or Favorites, on the right side of the category header, do one of the
following:
 Click the Next button.
 Click the Previous button.

TO REARRANGE THE TOPICS DISPLAYED ON A PANEL

1. Display a panel by doing one of the following:
 In the InfoCenter box, enter a keyword or phrase. Then press
ENTER or click the Search button.
 In the InfoCenter box, click the Communication Center button.
 In the InfoCenter box, click the Favorites button.
 2. Click and drag a category or group header to the desired position.

RIBBON TABS AND PANELS

The ribbon is composed of a series of panels, which are organized into tabs
labeled by task. Ribbon panels contain many of the same tools and controls
available in toolbars and dialog boxes.

Some ribbon panels display a dialog box related to that panel. An icon in the
lower-right corner of the panel indicates that you can display a related dialog
box. Click the icon to display the associated dialog box.
To specify which ribbon tabs and panels are displayed, right-click the ribbon
and, on the shortcut menu, click or clear the names of tabs or panels.

FLOATING PANELS
If you pull a panel off of a ribbon tab and into the drawing area or onto another
monitor, that panel floats where you placed it. The floating panel remains open
until you return it to the ribbon, even if you switch ribbon tabs.
 DRAWING STATUS BAR
The drawing status bar displays several tools for scaling annotations.
Different tools display for model space and paper space.

When the drawing status bar is turned on, it displays at the bottom of the
drawing area. When the drawing status bar is turned off, the tools found on the
drawing status bar are moved to the application status bar.
When the drawing status bar is turned on, you can use the Drawing Status Bar
menu to select which tool to display on the status bar.

To turn the drawing status bar on or off

 Click View tab Windows panel Drawing Status BarTo control the
display of buttons on the drawing status bar
 Click the arrow to the right of the drawing status bar and select or clear
any option name.
Checked items are displayed on the drawing status bar.
KEYTIPS
Use the keyboard to access the Application menu, Quick Access toolbar, and
ribbon.

Press the Alt key to display shortcut keys for common tools in the application
window.
When you select a keytip, more keytips are displayed for that tool.
The Command Window
 CUSTOMIZE TOOL PALETTES

You can add tools to a tool palette with several methods.

You can create new tool palettes using the Properties button on the title bar of
the Tool Palettes window. Add tools to a tool palette with the following
methods:
 Drag any of the following onto your tool palette: geometric objects such
as lines, circles, and polylines; dimensions; hatches; gradient fills; blocks;
xrefs; raster images.
 Drag drawings, blocks, and hatches from DesignCenter to the tool palette.
Drawings that are added to a tool palette are inserted as blocks when
dragged into the drawing.
 Use the Customize dialog box to drag commands to a tool palette just as
you might add them to a toolbar.
 Use the Customize User Interface (CUI) Editor to drag commands to a
tool palette from the Command List pane.
 Use Cut, Copy, and Paste to move or copy tools from one tool palette to
another.
 Manage tool palettes by creating new palettes from scratch, renaming,
deleting or moving palettes with the shortcut menu.
 Create a tool palette tab with predetermined content by right-clicking a
folder, a drawing file, or a block in the DesignCenter tree view, and then
clicking Create Tool Palette on the shortcut menu.
 SET UP THE DRAWING AREA
You can adjust the color and display schemes used in the application and
drawing windows, and control the behavior of general features such as zoom
transitions.
Many of the settings are available from shortcut menus and the Options dialog
box. Some workspace elements, such as the presence and location of toolbars
and palettes, can be specified and saved using the Customize User Interface
dialog box.
Some settings affect how you work in the drawing area:
 Background Colors (Options dialog box, Display tab). You specify the
background colors used in the layout and Model tabs and the color used for
prompts and crosshairs.
 Color Scheme (Options dialog box, Display tab, Colors). You specify
a dark or light color scheme for the overall user interface. The settings
affect the window frame background, status bar, title bar, menu browser
frame, toolbars, and palettes.
 Background Colors (Options dialog box, Display tab, Colors). You
specify the background colors used in model space, layouts, and the block
editor. Background colors on the Model tab change to indicate whether you
are working in a 2D design context, 3D modeling (parallel projection), or
3D modeling (perspective projection).
 UCS Icon and Crosshairs Cursor (Options dialog box, 3D Modeling
tab). You specify that the 3D display options and labels for the UCS icon
can be set in the 3D Modeling tab of the Options dialog box.
 Color Assignments for X, Y, and Z (Options dialog box, Display tab,
Colors). In 3D views, any interface elements that are associated with the
UCS X, Y, and Z axis use special color assignments. The X axis is colored
or tinted red, the Y axis is green, and the Z axis is blue. These tints can be
turned on or off in the Drawing Window Colors dialog box.
 Clean Screen. You can expand the drawing display area to display only
the menu bar, status bar, and command window with the clean screen
button on the application status bar. Click the button again to restore the
previous setup.
 View Transitions. You can control whether view transitions are smooth
or instantaneous when you pan, zoom, or change from one view to another
(VTOPTIONS command). The default is a smooth transition.
 OVERVIEW OF 3D MODELING

With 3D modeling, you can design using solid, surface, and mesh models.

Create new 3D solids and surfaces, or sweep, combine, and modify existing
objects. Create or convert objects to mesh to obtain enhanced smoothing and
creasing capabilities. You can also use simulated surfaces (3D thickness), or
wireframe models to represent 3D objects.
 SURFACE MODEL

A surface model represents an infinitely thin shell that corresponds to the shape
of a 3D object.

You create surface models using some of the same tools that you use for solid
models. For example, you can use sweeping, lofting, and revolving to create a
surface model. The difference is that surface models are open ended. Solid
models are closed.

MESH MODEL

A mesh model consists of vertices, edges, and faces that use polygonal
representation (including triangles and quads) to define a 3D shape.

Unlike solid models, mesh has no mass properties. However, as with 3D solids,
you can create primitive mesh forms such as boxes, cones, and pyramids,
starting in AutoCAD 2010.
 ADVANTAGES OF 3D MODELING

Modeling in 3D has several advantages. You can

 View the model from any vantage point

 Generate reliable standard and auxiliary 2D views automatically
 Create sections and 2D drawings
 Remove hidden lines and do realistic shading
 Check interferences and perform engineering analysis
 Add lighting and create realistic rendering
 Navigate through the model
 Use the model to create an animation
 Extract manufacturing data
Overview of Creating 3D Solids and Surfaces
Three-dimensional solid objects often start as one of several basic shapes, or
primitives, that you can then modify and recombine. A 3D solid or surface can
also be the result of extruding a 2D shape to follow a specified path in 3D
space.

ABOUT SOLID PRIMITIVES

You can create several basic 3D shapes, known as solid primitives: boxes,
cones, cylinders, spheres, wedges, pyramids, and tori (donuts).

.
 ABOUT SOLIDS BASED ON OTHER OBJECTS
You can also create 3D solids and surfaces from existing objects.

The following methods are available:

 Sweep. Extends a 2D object along a path.
 Extrusion. Extends the shape of a 2D object in a perpendicular direction
into 3D space.
 Revolve. Sweeps a 2D object around an axis.
 Loft. Extends the contours of a shape between one or more open or
closed objects.
 Slice. Divides a solid object into two separate 3D objects.
 Conversion. Converts mesh objects and planar objects with thickness
into solids and surfaces.

USE VISUAL STYLES WITH 3D OBJECTS

Solids and surfaces can be displayed in one of several visual styles that are
applied to the viewport.
 CREATE A SOLID PYRAMID
Create a solid pyramid with up to 32 sides.

You can create a pyramid that tapers to a point, or create a frustum of a

pyramid, which tapers to a planar face.

PYRAMID CREATION OPTIONS

Use the following options to control the size, shape, and rotation of the
pyramids you create:

 Set the number of sides. Use the Sides option of the PYRAMID
command to set the number of sides for the pyramid.
 Set the length of the edges. Use the Edges option to specify the
dimension of the sides at the base.
 Create a frustum of a pyramid. Use the Top Radius option to create a
frustum, which tapers to a planar face. The frustum face is parallel to, and has
the same number of sides as, the base.

 Set the height and rotation of the pyramid. Use the Axis Endpoint
option of the PYRAMID command to specify the height and rotation of the
pyramid. This endpoint, or top of the pyramid, can be located anywhere in 3D
space.
 CREATE A SOLID TORUS
Create a ring-shaped solid that resembles the inner tube of a tire.

A torus has two radius values. One value defines the tube. The other value
defines the distance from the center of the torus to the center of the tube. By
default, a torus is drawn parallel to and is bisected by the XY plane of the
current UCS.
A torus can be self-intersecting. A self-intersecting torus has no center hole
because the radius of the tube is greater than the radius of the torus.

TORUS CREATION OPTIONS

Use the following options to control the size and rotation of the tori you create.
 Set the size and plane of the circumference or radius. Use the 3P
(Three Points) option to define the size of the torus anywhere in 3D space.
The three points also define the plane of the circumference. Use this option
to rotate the torus as you create it.
 Set the circumference or radius. Use the 2P (Two Points) option to
define the size of the torus anywhere in 3D space. The plane of the
circumference matches the Z value of the first point.
 Set the size and location of the torus based on other objects. Use the
Ttr (Tangent, Tangent, Radius) option to define a torus that is tangent to
two circles, arcs, lines, and some 3D objects. The tangency points are
projected onto the current UCS.
 CONVERT SURFACES AND OBJECTS WITH THICKNESS TO 3D
SOLIDS

You can convert the several types of objects into extruded 3D solids with the
CONVTOSOLID command. These objects include closed polylines and circles
with thickness, as well as watertight meshes and surfaces. For a complete list of
objects that can be converted using this method, see CONVTOSOLID.

NoteYou cannot use CONVTOSOLID to convert different, contiguous objects

into a 3D solid. However, you can achieve the same result by first combining
them. Suppose you explode a 3D solid box into regions. Start by using
CONVTOSURFACE to convert each region to a surface. Then use UNION to
form a compound surface object. Finally, use CONVTOSOLID to convert the
surface to a solid.

CONVERT MESH TO 3D SOLIDS

When you convert mesh objects to 3D solids, the shape of the new solid object
approximates, but does not exactly duplicate, the original mesh object. You can
control the differentiation somewhat by specifying whether the result is smooth
or faceted ( SMOOTHMESHCONVERT). You can also specify whether the
resulting faces are merged (optimized).

For example, if you convert a mesh box to a solid object, you have the
following options (available on the Mesh Modeling ribbon):

 Smoothed and optimized. Coplanar faces are merged into a single face.
The overall shape of some faces can change. Edges of faces that are not
coplanar are rounded.
 CREATE UNBOUNDED HATCHES

There are several methods you can use to create a hatch that does not display a
hatch boundary.

 You can create a hatch with HATCH, and then erase some or all of the
boundary objects.
 You can create a hatch with HATCH, making sure that the boundary
objects are on a different layer than the hatch. Then turn off or freeze the layer
of the boundary objects. This is the only method that maintains hatch
associativity.
 You can trim an existing hatch with objects created as trim boundaries.
After trimming the hatch, erase the objects.
 You can define a hatch boundary with the Draw option of -HATCH at the
command prompt by specifying boundary points.

For example, you might want to show that a large area of a drawing is filled
with a pattern by filling only a small section of that area, as shown in the
following illustration.

You can choose whether to retain the polyline boundary after the hatch is
created; here, the polyline boundary is not retained.
 CONCLUSION

This easy to operate designing system- CAD, has many advantages.

 The expense and time is reduced in a considerable manner when

compared to the laborious manual work of designing.
 Designing can be done from anywhere as the customers are able to
control the process from remote locations as well.
 The data can be easily stored, transmitted, and transported through
computer files.
 Digital swatches can be saved on floppy disks, zip disks, CD-ROM or
hard drive thus saving space. Moreover they can be easily organized for
fast and easy retrieval.
 The designs can be easily customized and personalized as corrections and
editing can be done at any time without significant delays or cost
increases.
 The designers don't need to produce swatches all the time as they can
now see how a particular fabric or garment looks in different colors and
shapes on computer screen itself.

With all its benefits, care too has to be taken before going for any CAD
software. The softwares which are supported by the available hardwares should
only be purchased or the hardware should be upgraded to comply with the new
software. Training too has to be given to the people who are going to operate
the system so that maximum benefit may be taken from it. With careful
selection and trained professionals, the textile industry can enjoy the benefits of
the IT revolution right at their door

Reference

1. Wikipedia
2. Autodex autocad