1st Grading Period ARTS

MODERN ART began after photography was invented, as photographs realistically depicted the world. Challenging this
notion of art, artists experimented with the expressive use of colors, materials and new techniques and media.
Art Movements
1. Impressionism – a style that emerged in the mid-19th century, was coined from Claude Monet’s work entitled
Impression, Soleil levant.
− This style captured what this group of artists sought to represent in their works, which was the viewer’s
momentary “impression” of an image.

Edouard Manet (1832-1883)

− He was one of the first 19th century artists to depict modern-life subjects.
− He was a key figure in the transition from realism to impressionism, with a number of his works considered as
marking the birth of modern art.
Some of his works:
1) Café Concert 2) The Bar at the
Folies-Bergere

Claude Monet (1840-1926)

− One of the founders of the impressionist movement and is considered the most influential figure of
Impressionism.
− Best known for his landscape paintings, particularly those depicting his beloved flower gardens and water lily
ponds at his home in Giverny.
Some of his works:
1) La 2) Bridge Over a
Promenade Pond of Water
Lilies

Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)

− He was one of the central figures of the impressionist movement.
− His early works were snapshots of real life, full of sparkling color and light.
− By the mid-1880s, however, He broke away from the impressionist movement to apply a more disciplined, formal
technique to portraits of actual people and figure paintings.
Some of Auguste Renoir’s works:
1) Dancer 2) A Girl with a Watering
Can

2. Post-Impressionism – a European outgrowth movement wherein artists continued using the basic qualities of
Impressionism yet expanded and experimented with it in bold ways.

Paul Cézanne
− His work exemplified the transition from late 19th-century impressionism to a new and radically different world
of art in the 20th century—paving the way for the next revolutionary art movement known as expressionism.

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 Some of Paul Cézanne works:
1) Still Life with 2) Boy in a Red Vest
Compotier

Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) Netherlands

− His striking style was to have a far-reaching influence on 20th century art, with his works becoming among the
most recognized in the world.
Some of his works:
1) Starry 2) Still Life: Vase with
Night Fifteen Sunflowers

3. Expressionism – an art movement seeking to depict the subjective emotions and responses that objects and events
arouse in the artist.
− They worked more with their imagination and feelings, rather than with what their eyes saw in the physical
world.
− To achieve this, artists distorted outlines, applied strong colors, and exaggerated forms.

Various styles that arose within the expressionist art movements:

a) Neoprimitivism – an early 20th century art movement inspired by the native arts of the South Sea Islanders and
the wood carvings of African tribes which suddenly became popular at that time.

Amedeo Modigliani
− A Western artist who used the oval faces and elongated shapes of African art in both his sculptures and
paintings.

Some of his works:

1) Head 2) Yellow Sweater

b) Fauvism – a style that used bold, vibrant colors and visual distortions.
Henri Matisse is the most known among the group of French expressionist painters who used this style.
Some of his works:
Blue Window Woman with Hat

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 c) Dadaism – the child’s term for hobbyhorse, dada, to refer to their new “non-style.”
− A style characterized by dream fantasies, memory images, and visual tricks and surprises.
Giorgio de Chirico is known in this style as this artist emerged in protest to the civilization, which brought
him suffering in World War I; he rebelled against established norms and authorities, and against the traditional
style in art.

Melancholy and Mystery I and the Village

of a Street Marc Chagall
Giorgio de Chirico

d) Surrealism – a style of painting depicting strange subjects like those seen in dreams and fantasies.
Salvador Dali depicted morbid or gloomy subjects.
Marc Chagall, Paul Klee and Joan Miro depicted subjects which were quite playful and even humorous.
Some of their works:
1) Persistence of 2) Personages with Star
Memory Joan Miro
Salvador Dali

e) Social Realism – an art used to comment on or protest against social ills such as injustice, inequality, war,
poverty, industrial hazards, environmental destruction, etc.

Ben Shahn used this style in his painting, to speak out against
the hazardous conditions faced by coal miners in a tragic
incident and the mourning of their wives and children.
Miner’s Wives

4. Abstractionism – is an artistic style in which the natural appearance of objects becomes unimportant, and images are
reduced to geometrical shapes, patterns, lines, angles, textures, and colors.
a) Cubism – a style derived its name from the cube, a three dimensional geometric figure composed of strictly
measured lines, planes, and angles.
− The cubists analyzed their subjects’ basic geometrical forms, and broke them up into a series of planes, and
re-assemble these planes, tilting and interlocking them in different ways.
Pablo Picasso was a Spanish painter/sculptor who was notable among the cubists.
Some of his works:

 Three  Girl Before a

Musicians Mirror

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 b) Futurism is a movement in art, music, and literature which began in Italy about 1909 and marked especially by an
effort to give formal expression to the dynamic energy and movement of mechanical processes

Gino Severini, an Italian painter, was one of the artists who

depicted the dynamic sensation of futurism in their works.
Armored Train

c) Mechanical Style – a style in which the figures and images were reduced to basic elements, such as planes,
cones, spheres, cylinders, and other mechanical components; even human figures were mere outlines without
expression.

Fernand Léger depicted mechanical style with the

use of crankshafts, cylinder blocks, pistons, etc.
The City

d) Nonobjectivism – a style that had no reference to recognizable objects; lines, shapes, and colors were used in a
cool, impersonal approach that aimed for balance, unity, and stability.

Piet Mondrian, a Dutch painter who was foremost

among the nonobjectivists.
New York City

The New York School – term called for Abstract Expressionists.

1. Abstract Expressionism – a movement created through the synthesis of Europe’s cubist and surrealist styles.
a) Action Painting is a style of painting in which paint is spontaneously dribbled, splashed, or smeared on the
canvas, rather than being carefully applied.

Jackson Pollock practiced action painting

without a pre-planned pattern or design in
mind.
Autumn Rhythm

b) Color Field Painting – used different color saturations (purity, vividness, intensity) to create their desired effects.
Some of Mark Rothko and Barnett Newman works have huge fields of vibrant color.

Magenta, Black, Green on Vir Heroicus Sublimis

Orange Barnett Newman
Mark Rothko

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 c) Pictograph – filling the canvas with repeating picture fragments or symbols.

Forgotten Dream Abstract No. 2

Adolph Gottlieb Lee Krasner

After “The New York School”

 A new crop of artists came on the scene using lighter treatment and flashes of humor, even irreverence, in their
artworks.
1) Neodadaism – made use of commonplace, trivial, even nonsensical objects just simply wanted to laugh at the
world.
− Their works ranged from paintings, to posters, to collages, to three-dimensional “assemblages” and installations
made use of easily recognizable objects and images from the emerging consumer society.
− Their inspirations were the celebrities, advertisements, billboards, and comic strips that were becoming
commonplace at that time. Hence the term pop (from “popular”) art emerged.
Some of the Neodadaism works:

Marilyn Monroe In the Car

Andy Warhol Roy Lichtenstein

2) Conceptual Art – artworks for which the concept or idea behind the artwork, and the means of producing it, are
more important than the finished work itself.

One and Three Chairs

Joseph Kosuth

3) Op Art – a form of “action painting,” with the action taking place in the viewer’s eye.
− Lines, spaces, and colors were precisely planned and positioned to give the illusion of movement

Current
Bridget Riley

Filipino Counterpart in Modern Arts

1. Jun Martinez (Impressionism)
− Widely collected award-winning impressionist and mounted 24 solo exhibits worldwide.
− His works are mostly summer outdoor scenes which are recognized for his
portraiture and his adroitness in shifting from one medium to another.

Music and Dance

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2. Benedicto “BenCab” Cabrera (Social Realism)
− National Artist for Visual Arts (2006)
− Has been noted as “arguably the best-selling of
his generation of Filipino artists.”
Scavenger

3. Ang Kiukok (Cubism)

− An ethnic Chinese painter who studied under Vicente Manansala
− Attained prominence for an Expressionist style that fused Cubist,
Surrealist and Expressionist aspects into a unique personal
aesthetic
− Called as “one the most dynamic figures in contemporary
Philippine arts.”

Fishermen

4. Jose Joya (Abstract Expressionism)

− Utilized a variety of techniques; controlled drips, impasto strokes
and transparent layering.
− Concretized his need for communication in his artwork

Space Transfiguration

Contemporary Art Forms

1) Installation Art – uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way the viewer experiences a particular
space.
1. Cordillera Labyrinth – Roberto Villanueva 2. Go to Room 117 – Sid Gomez Hildawa

2) Performance Art – the actions of an individual or a group at a particular place and in a particular time constitute
the work.
− The performer himself/herself is the artist rather than the actor playing a character.
− It involves four (4) basic elements:
 time  the performer’s body
 space  a relationship between performer and audience

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