Inverse Function - Wikipedia
Inverse Function - Wikipedia
Definitions
, for every
Using the composition of functions we can
rewrite this statement as follows:
Note on notation
Properties
Since a function is a special type of binary
relation, many of the properties of an
inverse function correspond to properties
of converse relations.
Uniqueness
Symmetry
and
Inverses in calculus
Single-variable calculus is primarily
concerned with functions that map real
numbers to real numbers. Such functions
are often defined through formulas, such
as:
x+a y−a
a−x a−y
y
mx m
m≠0
1 1
x
(i.e. x−1) y
(i.e. y−1) x, y ≠ 0
2x lb y y>0
ex ln y y>0
Real-world examples
Let f be the function that converts a
temperature in degrees Celsius to a
temperature in degrees Fahrenheit,
since
Generalizations
Partial inverses
The square root of x is a partial inverse to f(x) = x2.
−π −1 π
arcsin 2 ≤ sin (x) ≤ 2
arccos 0 ≤ cos−1(x) ≤ π
arctan −π −1 π
2 < tan (x) < 2
arccot 0 < cot−1(x) < π
arcsec 0 ≤ sec−1(x) ≤ π
−π −1 π
arccsc 2 ≤ csc (x) ≤ 2
If , then
Preimages
If f: X → Y is any function (not necessarily
invertible), the preimage (or inverse
image) of an element y ∈ Y is the set of all
elements of X that map to y:
See also
Lagrange inversion theorem, gives the
Taylor series expansion of the inverse
function of an analytic function
Inverse Fourier transform
Reversible computing
Notes
1. It is a common practice, when no
ambiguity can arise, to leave off the
term function and just refer to an
inverse.
2. Not to be confused with numerical
exponentiation such as taking the
multiplicative inverse of a nonzero real
number.
3. So this term is never used in this
convention.
References
1. Hall, Arthur Graham; Frink, Fred
Goodrich (January 1909). "Chapter II.
The Acute Angle [14] Inverse
trigonometric functions". Written at
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Trigonometry . Part I: Plane
Trigonometry. New York, USA: Henry
Holt and Company / Norwood Press /
J. S. Cushing Co. - Berwick & Smith
Co., Norwood, Massachusetts, USA.
p. 15. Retrieved 2017-08-12. "[…] α =
arcsin m: It is frequently read "arc-sine
m" or "anti-sine m," since two mutually
inverse functions are said each to be
the anti-function of the other. […] A
similar symbolic relation holds for the
other trigonometric functions. […] This
notation is universally used in Europe
and is fast gaining ground in this
country. A less desirable symbol, α =
sin-1m, is still found in English and
American texts. The notation α = inv
sin m is perhaps better still on account
of its general applicability. […]"
2. Keisler, Howard Jerome.
"Differentiation" (PDF). Retrieved
2015-01-24. "§2.4"
3. Scheinerman, Edward R. (2013).
Mathematics: A Discrete Introduction.
Brooks/Cole. p. 173. ISBN 978-
0840049421.
4. Devlin 2004, p. 101, Theorem 4.5.1
5. Smith, Eggen & St. Andre 2006, p. 202,
Theorem 4.9
6. Wolf 1998, p.198
7. Fletcher & Patty 1988, p. 116 Theorem
5.1
8. Lay 2006, p.69 Example 7.24
9. Thomas 1972, pp. 304-309
10. Korn, Grandino Arthur; Korn, Theresa
M. (2000) [1961]. "21.2.-4. Inverse
Trigonometric Functions".
Mathematical handbook for scientists
and engineers: Definitions, theorems,
and formulars for reference and review
(3 ed.). Mineola, New York, USA: Dover
Publications, Inc. p. 811;. ISBN 978-0-
486-41147-7.
11. Oldham, Keith B.; Myland, Jan C.;
Spanier, Jerome (2009) [1987]. An
Atlas of Functions: with Equator, the
Atlas Function Calculator (2 ed.).
Springer Science+Business Media,
LLC. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-48807-3 .
ISBN 978-0-387-48806-6.
LCCN 2008937525 .
12. Wolf 1998, p. 208 Theorem 7.2
13. Smith, Eggen & St. Andre 2006, pg.
141 Theorem 3.3(a)
14. Lay 2006, p. 71 Theorem 7.26
15. Devlin 2004, p. 101
16. Briggs & Cochran 2011, pp. 28-29
17. Lay 2006, p. 246 Theorem 26.10
18. Briggs & Cochran 2011, pp. 39-42
Briggs, William; Cochran, Lyle (2011).
Calculus / Early Transcendentals Single
Variable. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-
321-66414-3.
Devlin, Keith J. (2004). Sets, Functions,
and Logic / An Introduction to Abstract
Mathematics (3rd ed.). Chapman & Hall /
CRC Mathematics. ISBN 978-1-58488-
449-1.
Fletcher, Peter; Patty, C. Wayne (1988).
Foundations of Higher Mathematics.
PWS-Kent. ISBN 0-87150-164-3.
Lay, Steven R. (2006). Analysis / With an
Introduction to Proof (4 ed.). Pearson /
Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-148101-5.
Smith, Douglas; Eggen, Maurice; St.
Andre, Richard (2006). A Transition to
Advanced Mathematics (6 ed.).
Thompson Brooks/Cole. ISBN 978-0-
534-39900-9.
Thomas, Jr., George Brinton (1972).
Calculus and Analytic Geometry Part 1:
Functions of One Variable and Analytic
Geometry (Alternate ed.). Addison-
Wesley.
Wolf, Robert S. (1998). Proof, Logic, and
Conjecture / The Mathematician's
Toolbox. W. H. Freeman and Co.
ISBN 978-0-7167-3050-7.
Further reading
Spivak, Michael (1994). Calculus (3th
ed.). Publish or Perish. ISBN 0-914098-
89-6.
Stewart, James (2002). Calculus (5th
ed.). Brooks Cole. ISBN 978-0-534-
39339-7.
External links
Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001) [1994],
"Inverse function" , Encyclopedia of
Mathematics, Springer
Science+Business Media B.V. / Kluwer
Academic Publishers, ISBN 978-1-
55608-010-4
Wikibook: Functions
Wolfram Mathworld: Inverse Function
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Inverse_function&oldid=887384559"