IMO 2020

Lourdes Rodríguez
ED. Trading

Juan Carlos Ramírez

Refining Planning and Logistics Director
Disclaimer

ALL RIGHTS ARE RESERVED

© REPSOL, S.A. 2019

The information included in this document is published pursuant to the provision of article 226 of the Spanish Securities Market Law.

This document contains statements that Repsol believes constitute forward-looking statements which may include statements regarding the intent, belief, or current expectations of Repsol and
its management, including statements with respect to trends affecting Repsol’s financial condition, financial ratios, results of operations, business, strategy, geographic concentration, production
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The information contained in the document has not been verified or revised by the External Auditors of Repsol.

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AGENDA

IMO

Market Outlook

Impact for Repsol

4
 IMO
Main Goals on progressive sulphur reductions

IMO HAS LED THE REDUCTION OF SULPHUR FOR MARINE BUNKERS

2010
ECA maximum
2012 2015 2020
Global maximum ECA maximum
Sulphur 1%
Global maximum
Sulphur 3.50% Sulphur 0.1%
Sulphur 0.50%

5,0%
Max. Sulphur content, vol %

ECA
4,0%
GLOBAL
3,0%

2,0%

1,0%

0,0%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021

5
Market Outlook

Global Bunker Demand 01

Prices Outlook 02

Impacts In Refining 03

6
Market Outlook
Alternatives for the shipping industry
Global Bunker Demand

THE SHIPPING INDUSTRY HAS FOUR MAIN OPTIONS FOR BUNKER SUPPLY

Marine HSFO
VLSFO LNG
Gasoil (scrubbers)

•Higher price. •Highest price. •High investment. •Very high

investment.
•Quality concerns. •Increased use of •Uncertainty of
lubricants payback. • New Infraestructure
•Availability? needed.
•Installation limited.

Is non-compliance a feasible option?

7
Market Outlook
Compliance: an option or a must? Global Bunker Demand
HIGH COMPLIANCE Containers, Dry bulk and Tankers High percentage of Bunker demand
SCENARIO (85-90%) IS represent 80 % of total demand. concentrated in a limited number of large
AGREED BY ANALYSTS, PORT The Largest Companies in these ships which are likely to comply.
SURVEYORS AND SHIPPING markets consume almost 90% of
INDUSTRY HFO. HFO bunker
Demand Mbbld
 High concentration of 4000
demand 5%
3000 85%

 Port Authorities and 2000

25% 30%
Surveyors on the way to 1000
ensure compliance
Share of market (by DWT) 0
10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 80000

 Banks and insurances won’t Number of Ships

support non compliance
vessels Source: Clarksons and Repsol Source: S&P Global Platts ®

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Market Outlook
Global Bunker Demand
Global Bunker Demand

IMO 2020 WILL BRING FUNDAMENTAL CHANGES TO GLOBAL BUNKER MARKETS

EXPECTED SHIFTS IN DEMAND GLOBAL BUNKER ANALYSTS VIEW OF GLOBAL

DEMAND (Mbpd) BUNKER DEMAND IN 2019/2020
 HSFO will decline from 3,5Mbpd 5

to a range of 0,6-1Mbpd 4 71% 19%

3 29% 49%
2
 MGO will increase between 1-1,4
Mbpd 1
0 32%
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2019
 VLSFO will replace at least half
Source: IEA
of the HSFO volume consumed MGO VLSFO MGO MGO VLSFO
for Bunker in 2019
Unscrubbed Scrubbe HSFO HSFO
HSFO d HSFO

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Market Outlook
HSFO Alternative uses in 2020 and beyond
Global Bunker Demand

Bunker Refineries Bitumen Others

(Scrubbers) Feed
HSFO demand Residue streams Residue streams Power
vessels with Coker units in Bitumen units in generation, etc
scrubbing systems refineries refineries

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Market Outlook
A new product: VLSFO
Global Bunker Demand
BUNKER FUEL WILL HAVE A VERY DIFFERENT COMPOSITION AFTER 2020

 Fuel Oil is typically made with 70

Illustrative Bunker Blend pre-2020 Illustrative Bunker Blend post-2020
% Residue and 30 % Cutter (LCO,
Kerosene, Gasoil, FCC products…)
Cutters Cutters
30%  Before IMO 2020, viscosity was the
30% VR / VBR
Primary primary constraint. Sulphur will Primary 35%
constraint: become the key post-2020 constraint:
Viscosity Sulphur

 VGO, HC bottoms and other

VR / VBR
streams might be used as VLSFO
components, compromising the VGO
quality of the product

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Market Outlook Global Bunker Demand
VLSFO: From a residue to a Branded Product

1 VLSFO quality (stability and

compatibility) will be the key of IMO 2020

2 Two categories inside VLSFO: Refinery

product and Blended product

3 Consuming MGO / Refinery VLSFO

will be safer from a ship owner’s
perspective
4 VLSFO will not be a commodity, but
a branded product

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 Market Outlook
Analysts Outlook
Prices Outlook
Boost in Middle Distillates and Fuel Oil sinking

2019 2020 2021 2022

30
+4,7  Gasoil cracks expected to be above
20 21,8 $20/bbl
17,1 Gasoil
10 10,4  GO – HSFO differential to widen to $45-
0 VLSFO 50/bbl
-10  VLSFO price is expected to be related to
-13,6
HSFO GO, with a discount
-20
-26.2  HI5 ( VLSFO – HSFO) for Calendar 20 has
-30
Analysts view of product cracks ($/bbl)
already traded, at a range of $160–190/t
-40

Source: Repsol based on main analysts views

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 Market Outlook
Swaps Markets
Prices Outlook
Forward Markets had been trading the Gasoil and
HSFO cracks.

 Gasoil Cracks had been trading

around $20/bbl.
 HSFO cracks had been trading
towards a lower discount against
Brent
 Swaps diferentials between
Gasoil and HSFO are around
$40/bbl

Source: Repsol
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Market Outlook Prices Outlook
Crude Prices

IMO 2020 will impact global crude

demand patterns, crude trade flows, price
differentials, relative product prices and
refining margins

IMO 2020 Impact

1. Sulphur
Implications

Other effects

2.1 Light Crude:

US Exports 2.2 Geopolitical
Scenario

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Market Outlook
Crude Prices: IMO effect
IMO 2020 will have a different impact depending on crude qualities. As a
general rule, sweet crudes will benefit the most, while heavy sour will
suffer Prices Outlook
Example crudes IMO 2020 Impact Heavy sour

Light 11%
BONNY LIGHT Ultra light
Sweet
4%
Light /
Light sweet
Medium URAL / FORTIES Medium sour
Sour 46% 18%
Medium
/ Heavy DJENO
Medium sweet
Sweet
Light sour Heavy sweet
11%
Heavy
Sour
MAYA 8% 2%

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Market Outlook Prices Outlook
Uncertainty regarding Geopolitical Situation IRAN VENEZUELA

U.S. crude exports are expected to

average close to 2.7 million bbld in 2019

 US shale oil biggest

game changer US sanctions on Iran and Political issues in
 USGC export expiration of waivers Venezuela and US
sanctions
capacity to 5 Mbbld
 Crude average 50 CANADA
API. Low FO
production

OPEC
OPEC+ (mainly Saudi Arabia) Logistic issues and
2019 production cuts production cuts in Alberta’s
Source: IHS
oil sands
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 Market Outlook Prices Outlook
Impact on Crude prices

Example crudes Overall Impact

Overall, medium heavy
Light Sweet BONNY LIGHT
sweet crudes will
experience the highest
Light / Medium
price increase post- Sour
URAL / FORTIES
2020.
Medium /
Heavy sour grades will Heavy Sweet
DJENO
experience a decrease
in price due to HSFO Heavy Sour MAYA
crack.

IMO 2020 18
Market Outlook
Impact in Refining Industry
Impact in Refining
Refining industry will face the
most disruptive scenario in Gross refinery margins for selected
decades. reference assets
Those refineries with high 30

Gross refining margin

conversion capacity will profit 25

the most 20
USGC Maya

$/bbl
High crude runs are expected in 15 Coking
Singapore Dubai
2020 pushed by Middle 10
Hydrocraking/coking
Distillates cracks 5
NWE Brent
Refining business will suffer an 0
Craking
2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025
important switch in the Source: Wood Mackenzie
blendstocks used for the Marine
Fuel Oils Margin for high conversion refineries will improve in the
Refineries with higher conversion range of $1/bbl to $3/bbl
rates will benefit the most from
IMO 2020
19
Impact for Repsol

Fully Invested
01

Maximize refineries availability

 Tournaround management
 Refineries Flexibility
 Debottlenecking
02

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 Impact for Repsol
Fully invested
LPG
STRONG REFINING PORTFOLIO Naphtha
In a position of competitive advantage compared to Gasoline
the rest of European refineries that will not be able
to capture such high margins. Kerosene

FCCeq. Top quartile position among EU peers

Gasoil
100%

80%
STRONG PRODUCT SLATE
60%
Distillates are our main Heavy FO
40%
production, while fuel oil Coke
20% output is minimal. Others
0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14

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 Impact for Repsol
% Coker capacity per company in Europe

Highest Coking % European Coking Capacity

capacity in UE as 30%
well as great
distillation
20%
capacity (#4)

10%

0%

Source: Wood Mackenzie, Refinery Evaluation Model, 2018. Repsol figures, internal data

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 Impact for Repsol
Top European player in Conversion

Additionally to
Coking Capacity,
other conversion
units position
Repsol as a top
conversion player

Source: Wood MacKenzie Refinery Benchmarking tool

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Impact for Repsol SPAIN REFINERY(1)

Repsol Refineries - Fuel Oil production LA CORUÑA BILBAO

HSFO: 0% HSFO: 0%
PERU REFINERY LSFO: 5% LSFO: 2%

TARRAGONA
HSFO: 3%
LSFO: 12%

LA PAMPILLA CARTAGENA
HSFO: 24% HSFO: 0%
PUERTOLLANO
LSFO: 0% LSFO: 0%
HSFO: 0%
RLP-21 project leveraged LSFO: 0%
Pampilla in Middle Distillates and
Gasoline
Access to regional sweet and Coruña, Bilbao and part of Tarragona LSFO production is dedicated
light crude oil to meet the inland domestic demand.
Possibility to export conversion
feedstock to Asia / US.
(1) Repsol Refining 2018 24
Impact for Repsol
Turnaround management

Turnaround Turnaround Conversion Capacity

management in intensity (days) Utilization
previous years will
60% +4 p.p
enable to maximize
utilization in main
units, including
conversion units
2016-2019 2020-2022 2016-2019 2020-2022

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 Impact for Repsol
Refineries flexibility

Optimization and operation as a

BILBAO
single refinery provide LA CORUÑA
VLSFO prod
VLSFO prod
additional flexibility
to maximize margin, TARRAGONA
depending on price scenarios
 Fuel production with
quality enough to
CORUÑA allow transportation
TARRAGONA
VLSFO prod in cold conditions
 Maintain conversion HSFO to CK
utilization
 Increase efficiency

CARTAGENA

PUERTOLLANO

Several batches of VLSFO Several tests have already been

have already been produced carried out, sending residue from
in Tarragona and Coruña Tarragona to Coruña and Cartagena

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 Impact for Repsol
Middle distillates and conversion
units debottlenecking

Feedstock increase in MD’s

Small investments to desulphurization units
eliminate bottlenecks
and revamp MD’s Hydrogen availability
improvement for hydrotreating
production

Debottlenecking of conversion units

Increase the feedstock and improvement

Topping / Vacuum fractionation

IMO 2020 27
Key messages

1 IMO compliance 3 IMO will mean a change in relative prices

will be high of crude oil and products, with uncertainty
in time and depth that will benefit the
most sophisticated refineries
2 IMO will imply a huge
drop in HSFO demand
due to limited 4 Repsol is fully invested, with strong
presence of scrubbers refining portfolio and product slate

5 Operational activities have been

undertaken to maximize margin capture

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