Corrections to A Modern Formal Logic Primer

Here is a list of corrections to the regrettably many printing errors in A Modern Formal
Logic Primer and the answer manual, and correction to the one substantive error
which have so far come to my attention. Where not otherwise indicated, the changes
are indicated by underlining. 'I*' (Ill*') means line (lines) counted up from page bottom.
These notes use notion similar to that found in the answer manual: '-9for the
conditional, '<->I for the biconditional, (u) for universal quantifier, and (Eu) for existential
quantifier.
Volume I
p. 50, on the left of the truth take, there should be single quotes around the hourseshoe
p. 54, 1. 9, substitute 'conditionals' for 'conditions.'
p. 54, Truth table definition of the biconditional, at page bottom: The annotation at the
left of the truth table should have a triple bar, in single quotes.
p. 92, 1. 24: ses the conclusion T->lJ as a conclusion of 1, by ->I ; and ->I, similarly
p. 103, I* 12: (Traditionally called "Modus Tollens")
p. 111, Problem 7-7-d: Delete last square parenthesis.

p i 44, Problem 9-6 should refer to problem 9-5 insead of 9-4.

Inside back cover: Insert circles around conclusions in rules - ,- , and =I.

Answer Manual
p. 2, Problem 1-4-d: Last line of the truth table should be f f 1f f f
p. 4, Problem 2-2-t: (Av_.-A)&[C&(DvE)]
p. 8, 11" 6 [Third line of problem 3-6-g1:Annotation should read: D, SLE
p. 14, third line of problem 4-6-c: Annotation should read: C, SLE
p. 49, 8-4-c, line 4: annotation should read '>I, not '->I (rule for conditional, not negated
conditional).
p. 51, 8-4-h, lines 5 and 6: In both lines the annotation should read '>I, not '->I (rule for
conditional, not negated conditional).
p. 51, 8-44: There is a second counterexample, M&N.
p.62, 9-2-t: Insert line numbers for lines 19 and 18. Also add '&-A1 to the statement of
the counterexample.
p. 70, 9-6-d: There is a second counterexample, -P&F.

Volume II
There is an important substantive error on pp. 153 and 154, in the rewrite rule for the
(The u) operator. (la) on p. 153 should read: (Ex!)Lxe & (x)(Lxe -> Bx). The rewrite
rule, p. 154, II* 11-13, should read:
Rule for rewriting Definite Descriptions Using '(The u)': Q[The u)P(u)] is
shorthand for (Eu!)P(u) '& (u)[P(u) -> Q(u)], where P(u) and Q(u) are open
formulas with u the only free variable.
Then on page 155 the corresponding corrections need to be made in (2a): "...rewritten
as (Ex!)Lex & (Ax)(Lxe -> -Bx)" and in (2b): "...rewritten as -[(Ex!)Lxe & (Ax)(Lxe ->
Bx)]."
This formulation eliminates cases in which, for example there are two Ps and two Qs,
but only one thing which is both P and Q. We require that there be exactly one P, and
any P be a Q, so that if there is one P, it is Q also.
p. 16, 1. 19: fies a list of objects of which the predicate is true. If the predicate is a two
p. 22, problem 2-2-e: (_x)(Bxv Lax)
p. 18, problem 2-1-f: (x)(Kx & Raxj -> (Ex)(Mx v Rcx)
p. 44, 1. 13 ( line 8 of informal proof): Change annotation to read '-Asf
p. 47,1*10: miles an hour it is easy to hear 'Acar can go very fast.' as meaning that
p. 51, 1. *1 Change last 'x' to Is'.
p. 54, 1*4: (18d) (x)[(Bx & Lxe) -> -Ex & Cx)].
p. 59, problem 4-8,Il: If anyone has a son, that person loves Eve.
p. 75, 1-2. a) should be 'Cc', not 'Ca'
p. 81. I* 12: the same subderivation using the name 'b' instead of 'a', using ->lto write
p. 82, Second line of 4-2: rule should have 'S
' subscripbed" '-(Eu)~'
p. 84, 11. 13, 17, I* 13, 10, p. 85, 1. 1: the 'R's should all be followed by an open variable,
'XI.

p. 85, In box, eliminate the first horizonal line.

p. 86, missing '[' in n: "(x)(y)I...", and a missing '(I in r: "(x)(y)L(..."
p. 89, problem 5-7-1: Second premise starts with a universal, not an existential
quantifier.
p. 95, 1.3: arguments:
p., 96, problem 6-1-q: The conclusion should read: '(x)Px v (x)Q&.
p. 102, 1. 17: Eliminate "and 6-8".
p. 118, , exercise 7-3e: In conclusion, 'El should be reversed.
p. 97, I* 8: will also use a trivial reformulation of the rules -I and RD expressed in
p. 125, I* 10: contradiction so that X and Y are logically equivalent. If there is an open
p. 135, problem 8-5-f: (x)[(y)Txy & (Ey)-Tyx]
p. 139, 1*11: With this notation we can give the -! rule:
[Note: Throughout I have used the notation, '(Ex!), etc, putting the exclamation mark
AFTER the variable or metavariable. Traditional useage actually puts it after the sign
of existential quantification, (E!x)' etc.
p. 139, I* 9. sign for universal quantification missing in ....@ v)P(v) ...
p. 141, 1. 6: (Add to transcription guide) Lxv: x loves y

p. 144, (Line 6 of the derivation): 4_=b-->(Fa -> F6 )

p. 145, 1. 15 'R' should be bold faced in '(Ax)R(x,x)'
p.146, Problem 9-5-d: Pa <-> (x)(x=a -> P_x)
p. 152, I* 3 (Conclusion of problem d): (Ex)(Ey)(flx) # y) [Insert parenthese around x]
p. 154, 1. 17: In both occurrences, the Greek letter iota should be printed upside down.
p. 148, 1*5: for writing in one, two, or more arguments (with the arauments separated by
commas when there are more than one).
p. 167, 1*16: D6': The set Z of sentences is Consistent iff Z A&-A.
p. 252 (Page facing inside back cover): Should be the same as corresponding page in
volume I.
Inside back cover: Insert circles around conclusions in rules - -,, and =I.

Answer Manual
p. 4, Problem 2-44: (R&B)&-H (R: Roses are red. B: violets are blue. H:
Transcribing this jingle is hard to do.) [The answer orginally given did not make the
negation explicit, and so was not as detailed a transcription as we can give.]
p. 76, probelm 2-24: First substitution instance is true,not false.
p. 77, problem 2-34: True, not false
78, problem 2-6-e: D = &); -Be & LB.
p. 82, In problem 4-1 and 4-2 'S' has to be read as a subscript when immediately
following a quantifier (No subscript was available on the program that prepared the
answer manual!) Also in problem 4-2, line 6 add 'DN' to the anotation. And in line 7 the
annotation should read -(Eu)
p. 83,ll. 2-3: Excercises g) and h) have been reversed.
p. 83, problem 4-3-n: Remove an extra left parenthesis: (x)[Px -> (Ey)(Py & Lxy)].
p. 83, Problem 4-4-j: @(Cx -> -Dx)
p. 83, problem 4-4-y: Insert a left parenthesis: (x)UPx &....
p. 83, problem 4-4-aa: Insert a left parenthesis: -(x)[/Px &....
p. 84, Problem 4-7-g: All dogs love all cats.
p. 84, Problem 4-7-h: All dogs love all cats.
p. 85, problem 4-8-hh: (Ex)(Px & Lxx &Lex)

p. 88, problem 5-2-d: Throughout 'Tx' should read Txd' and IT$' should read ~ $ d.'

p. 103, problem 6-1-q: Line 14 should read: Pa v . Line I 5 should read: QB . (Put
hats on 'b')
p. 110, problem 6-6-c: 1. 4: 5-7. b) and u).
p. 124, problem 7-3-g: The counterexample is Ha & G b & -Ga & -Hb
p. 135, problem 8-14: The counterexamples should read: Na & Ma; Ma: -Na
p. 136, problem 8-1-k, first part: There are three more counterexamples, -Ga; Sa, Ka
p. 152, problem 9-1-c: (Ex)(Ey)(Ez)(Cx & Cy & Cz & x#y & y#z & x#z)
p. 152, problem 9-1-e: (x)(y)(z)(w)[(C_x& .....
p. 152, problem 9-2-h: Pa & -Sae & (x)[Px & x#a & ~ e->)Sxe]
p. 152, problem 9-2-j: (x){Px -> (Ey)(E_z)[Myx& ...
p. 165,problem 9-11h. Line 3 should read: ( ~ ) ( ~,+a)
(b
p. 170, problem 9-12-c: (Ex)[Fxc & (y)(Fyc -> y =x) & a=x] (delete '& (y)(Fycl)