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Centripetal Acceleration and Relative Velocity

The document discusses concepts related to circular motion, projectile motion, and Newton's laws of motion. It defines centripetal acceleration as arising from changes in the direction of velocity in circular motion. Projectile motion is described as having both horizontal and vertical velocity components, with the horizontal component remaining constant. Newton's three laws of motion are summarized, including inertia, F=ma, and action-reaction forces.

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Jann Noellen A. Omalde
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© © All Rights Reserved
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40 views

Centripetal Acceleration and Relative Velocity

The document discusses concepts related to circular motion, projectile motion, and Newton's laws of motion. It defines centripetal acceleration as arising from changes in the direction of velocity in circular motion. Projectile motion is described as having both horizontal and vertical velocity components, with the horizontal component remaining constant. Newton's three laws of motion are summarized, including inertia, F=ma, and action-reaction forces.

Uploaded by

Jann Noellen A. Omalde
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Centripetal Acceleration and Relative Velocity

Relative Velocity  When reporting velocity, you need


to specify the reference frame where
it is measured
Circular Motion
 When an object moves in a circle at
Projectile
constant speed, we describe it as
undergoing uniform circular  Any object which projected by some
motion means and continues to move due
 A changing velocity means to its own inertia (mass).
acceleration.
 When speed changes, the object is (Projectiles move in TWO dimensions)
said to be in a non-uniform circular Since a projectile moves in 2-dimensions, it
motion.
therefore has 2 components just like a
 The pull changes only the direction
resultant vector.
of the velocity, not the magnitude.
Horizontal and Vertical

Centripetal/Radial Acceleration
 The acceleration arising from the Horizontal “Velocity” Component
change in direction of the velocity
 NEVER changes, covers equal
vector is called the centripetal
displacements in equal time periods.
acceleration and is determined
This means the initial horizontal
mathematically by:
velocity equals the final horizontal
v2 velocity
ac 
r The horizontal velocity is CONSTANT.
BUT WHY?
-Gravity DOES NOT work horizontally to
increase or decrease the velocity.

• Substituting v we got;

ar = 4π2r/T2
Vertical “Velocity” Component
 Changes (due to gravity), does NOT Vertically Launched Projectiles
cover equal displacements in equal
time periods  There are several things you must
 Both the MAGNITUDE and consider when doing these types of
DIRECTION change. As the projectile projectiles besides using
moves up the MAGNITUDE components. If it begins and ends at
DECREASES and its direction is ground level, the “y” displacement is
UPWARD. As it moves down the ZERO: y = 0
MAGNITUDE INCREASES and the
direction is DOWNWARD.

Combining the Components

 Together, these components


produce what is called a trajectory
or path. This path is parabolic in
nature.

Horizontally Launched Projectiles


 To analyze a projectile in 2
dimensions we need 2 equations.
One for the “x” direction and one for
the “y” direction. And for this we
use kinematic #2.
Newton’s 3rd Law
Laws of Motion  For every action, there is an equal
I. Law of Inertia and opposite reaction.
II. F=ma  According to Newton, whenever
III. Action-Reaction objects A and B interact with each
other, they exert forces upon each
other. When you sit in your chair,
your body exerts a downward force
1st Law of Motion on the chair and the chair exerts an
(Law of Inertia) upward force on your body.
 An object at rest will stay at rest,  There are two forces resulting from
and an object in motion will stay in this interaction - a force on the chair
motion at constant velocity, unless and a force on your body. These two
acted upon by an unbalanced force. forces are called action and reaction
 Inertia is the tendency of an object forces.
to resist changes in its velocity:
(whether in motion or motionless.) Newton’s 3rd Law in Nature
 Once airborne, unless acted on by
an unbalanced force (gravity and air
– fluid friction), it would never stop!
 Unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force, this golf ball would sit on the
tee forever.

2nd Law
(F = m x a)
 The net force of an object is equal to
the product of its mass and
acceleration, or F=ma.
 When mass is in kilograms and
acceleration is in m/s/s, the unit of
force is in newtons (N).
 One newton is equal to the force
required to accelerate one kilogram
of mass at one
meter/second/second; hence the
equation
o F = ma.

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