Lutfia Eka Arianti Xii Multimedia 1
Lutfia Eka Arianti Xii Multimedia 1
Lutfia Eka Arianti Xii Multimedia 1
ABSTRACT
REFERENCES:
Altrichter, H., Feldman, A., Posch, P. & Somekh, B. (2008). Teachers investigate their work;
An introduction to action research across the professions. London: Routledge. p. 147. (2nd
edition).
Bell, J. (2005) Doing Your Research Project, Berkshire: Open University Press/McGraw-Hill
Education
Cohen, L.,& Manion, L. (2000). Research methods in education. London: Routledge. p. 254.
(5th edition).
Kirby, M., Konbel., F., Barter, J., Hope, T., Kirton, D., Madry, N., Manning, P., Trigges, K.
(2000) Sociology in Perspective, Oxford: Heinnemann
METHODOLOGY:
Participants
There were 30 male participants. They were recruited by advertisement in a newspaper and
were paid $4.50.
Instruments
A "shock generator" was used to trick the participants into thinking that they were giving an
electric shock to another person in another room. The shock generator had switches labeled
with different voltages, starting at 30 volts and increasing in 15-volt increments all the way
up to 450 volts. The switches were also labeled with terms which reminded the participant of
how dangerous the shocks were.
Procedures
The participant met another "participant" in the waiting room before the experiment. The
other "participant" was an actor. Each participant got the role as a "teacher" who would then
deliver a shock to the actor ("learner") every time an incorrect answer to a question was
produced. The participant believed that he was delivering real shocks to the learner.
The learner would pretend to be shocked. As the experiment progressed, the teacher would
hear the learner plead to be released and complain about a heart condition. Once the 300-volt
level had been reached, the learner banged on the wall and demanded to be released. Beyond
this point, the learner became completely silent and refused to answer any more questions.
The experimenter then instructed the participant to treat this silence as an incorrect response
and deliver a further shock.
When asking the experimenter if they should stop, they were instructed to continue.
GLOSSARY
S
search engine: a computer program used for searching for information on the internet
semantic prosody: the way in which words that seem neutral can acquire positive or negative
associations through frequent occurrences with particular collocations. For example, the phrasal
verb set in co-occurs frequently with nouns that have a negative meaning, giving it a negative
semantic prosody.
sense: one of the individual meanings of a word or phrase which has several different meanings.
Dictionary entries for words with more than one meaning are divided into senses.
Sketch Engine: a software package developed by Lexical Computing Limited, used for analysing the
language in a corpus. The Sketch Engine includes tools for creating concordances and Word
Sketches.
source language: see bilingual dictionary
stress mark: a mark that shows which part of a word is pronounced with more emphasis
style and attitude label: a label such as 'formal', 'spoken', or 'showing disapproval', which is used to
indicate that a word is normally used when someone is writing or speaking in a particular style, or
showing a particular attitude
subject label: a label such as 'legal' or 'medical' which is used to indicate that a word belongs to the
specialized language of a particular subject, and is not normally used in everyday English
subsense: a meaning that is very closely related to another meaning, and is therefore shown in the
same sense as it
suffix: a group of letters added to the end of a word to make a different word