Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839)

AphiaID: 113444 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:113444)

Classification Biota
Chromista (Kingdom)
Harosa (Subkingdom)
Rhizaria (Infrakingdom)
Foraminifera (Phylum)
Globothalamea (Class)
Rotaliida (Order)
Globigerinina (Suborder)
Globigerinoidea (Superfamily)
Globigerinidae (Family)
Globigerininae (Subfamily)
Globigerinoides (Genus)
Globigerinoides ruber (Species)

Status accepted
Rank Species
Parent Globigerinoides Cushman, 1927
Orig. Name Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny, 1839

Synonymised names
Globigerina cyclostoma Galloway & Wissler, 1927 (Subjective junior synonym in opinion of Mikrotax
ttp://mikrotax.org/pforams/)
Globigerina pyramidalis van den Broeck, 1876
Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny, 1839 (Type species of Globigerinoides)
Globigerinoides pyramidalis (van den Broeck, 1876) (Subjective junior synonym in opinion of Mikrotax
ttp://mikrotax.org/pforams/)
Globigerinoides rubra (d'Orbigny, 1839) (genus is masculine)
Direct children (1) Subspecies Globigerinoides ruber subsp. parkerae Borsetti & Cati, 1975 †
Environment marine
Fossil range recent + fossil
Original description of (Globigerina rubra d'Orbigny, 1839) Orbigny d', A. D. (1839). Foraminifères, in de la Sagra
R., Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l'ile de Cuba. , available online
at https://books.google.pt/books?id=KpVeAAAAcAAJ&pg page(s): p. 82 pl. 4 fig. 12-14

Taxonomic citation
Hayward, B.W.; Le Coze, F.; Gross, O. (2018). World Foraminifera Database. Globigerinoides
ruber(d'Orbigny, 1839). Accessed at:
http://www.marinespecies.org/foraminifera/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=113444 on 2018-05-10

Taxonomic history:
Date action by
2004-12-21 created Gross, Onno 2016-12-26 changed Le Coze,
15:54:05Z 10:16:37Z François
2010-03-26 changed Hayward, 2017-02-06 changed Le Coze,
07:22:27Z Bruce 21:55:11Z François
2015-07-25 changed Hayward, 2017-08-17 changed Hayward,
07:46:15Z Bruce 03:26:09Z Bruce
 Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839)
Description: Trochospiral, with 3 chambers in the
last whorl, aperture umbilical over penultimate and antepenultimate
Kingdom: Protoctista
Phylum: Granuloreticulosa
chambers. On spiral side two smaller secondary apertures visible.
Class: Foraminifera
Two varieties (phenotypes): white and pink forms (forma alba and
Superfamily :Globigerinacea
forma rosacea), pink form only in the Atlantic. In the Indo-Pacific the
Genus:Globigerinoides
pink variety became extinct during Termination II (approximately 127 Species:Globigerinoides ruber
ky ago). White variety is on average approximately 50µm smaller
than pink variety. Reddish colour is from pigment mostly on the wall of inner whorl. Last chamber always
whitish, in contrast to Globoturborotalita rubescenswhose entire test is reddish. Both varieties
of Globigerinoides ruber have symbionts, indicating a near-surface habitat.
Ref.: Glaçon and Sigal (1969), Vergnaud-Grazzini et al. (1973), Hecht (1974), Kennett
(1976), Brummer et al. (1987), Brummer and Kroon (1988), Gastrich and Bartha (1988), Hemleben et al.
(1989), Oberhänsli et al. (1992), Kemle-von Mücke (1994), Kroon and Darling (1995), Ortiz et al.
(1995), Wang et al. (1995).
Distribution:It is the most common species in warm to temperate South Atlantic waters.
The Temperature range of the white form, however, is broader and extends into temperate water masses.
Thus Globigerinoides ruber pink form may be considered a summer species, whereas Globigerinoides
ruber white form occurs year-round and dominates during the austral winter. In the eastern South Atlantic it is
most abundant in the Angola Gyre, with significant concentrations also in the equatorial upwelling area, but
low numbers elsewhere. It widespread distribution in the underlying sediment suggests that the planktonic
pattern is a result of reproductive habits. Abundance maxima in the Angola Basin coincide with the first
quarter (2 days before the moon phase) and at the Equator and northern stations with the last quarter (0-3 days
before the moon phase). This may agree well with the results od Bijma et al., 1990a, who document a
semilunar reproduction periodicity for Globigerinoides ruber. However, Van Leeuwen, 1989 also found
higher percentages of Globigerinoides ruber at 10°S, 10°E in the Angola Basin, and at the Equator on the sea
floor, as well as lower frequencies off the south coast of Angola. It is therefore probable that despite the
influence of the reproduction cycle, concentrations of Globigerinoides ruber in the water column still do
reflect its preference for particular oceanic areas. In the South Atlantic Globigerinoides ruber pink form is
generally more than 5 times less abundant than Globigerinoides ruber white form.

Caption in source: "Globigerina rubra d Orbigny 1839 [= Globigerinoides ruber (d Orbigny)]; Specimen obtained by d
Orbigny from recent deposits of Cuba, and now deposited in the A. d Orbigny collection in the Museum Nationale de l
Histoire Naturelle, Paris. This specimen is the type of the genus Globigerinoides Cushman 1927. Fig. 8a, dorsal view,
showing supplementary sutural apertures present in all chambers of the last whorl; fig. 8b, ventral view" Status: lectotype/
Location: recent deposits of Cuba; 21N; -78E;/ Geological Age: Recent
 Globigerinoides ruber
NB TAXA WHICH ORIGINATE IN THE OLIGOCENE ARE NOT INCLUDED YET
Classification: pf_neogene -> Globigerinidae -> Globigerinoides -> Globigerinoides ruber
Sister taxa: G. altiaperturus, G. conglobatus, G. extremus, G. obliquus, G. elongatus, G. ruber, G. mitra, G.
seigliei, G. subquadratus, G. diminutus, G. bulloideus, G. parawoodi, G. sp.,
Distinguishing features: 3 subspherical chambers in final whorl; primary and supplementary apertures,
symmetrically placed above a suture.

K_S 1983 17-1.JPG Postuma 1971 p301-4.JPG K_S 1983 10-6.JPG

LoeblichTappan 1994 pl203 01-3.JPG LoeblichTappan 1994 pl203 04-6.JPG LoeblichTappan 1994 pl203 07.JPG

LoeblichTappan 1994 pl203 08-9.JPG LoeblichTappan 1994 pl204 01-3.JPG LoeblichTappan 1994 pl204 04-6.JPG

LoeblichTappan 1994 pl204 07-8.JPG LoeblichTappan 1994 pl206 07-9.JPG LoeblichTappan 1994 pl206 10-12.JPG


Norris98 pl2-14.JPG Postuma 1971 p301-7.JPG lectotype: Globigerina rubra
Taxonomy: Citation: Globigerinoides ruber (d’Orbigny, 1839)Rank: speciesBasionym: Globigerina
rubraVariants: Colour variants (chromotypes):
 G. ruber pink - restricted at present to central Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean and Caribbean.
 G. ruber white - globally distributed
The name ruber is from the colour of the pink chromotype, the taxonomic significance of the colouration was
long doubted but molecular genetic data has strongly supported separation of these two types as discrete species
(Aurahs et al. 2011). The pink form first occurs in the fossil record at ca 750ka and disappears from the Indian
and Pacific Oceans at ca 120ka (Thompson et al. 1979).
Morphological variants:
 Gs. pyramidalis (van Den Broeck) - forms with a high trochospire [according to Kennett & Srinivasan
1983]
 Gs. elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) - forms with tightly coiled trochospire [according to Kennett &
Srinivasan 1983, but now considered a separate species in the modern fauna - SCOR WG138]
  Gs. cyclostomus (Galloway and Wissler, 1927) - forms with a more compact test and relatively small
aperture.[according to Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
Catalog entries: Globigerina bulloides rubra pyramidalis; Globigerina
cyclostoma; Globigerina rubra;
Type images: lectotype: Globigerina
rubra
Caption in source: Globigerina rubra
Status: holotype
Location: Cuba;
Geological Age: Recent'> holotype: Globigerina rubra
Distinguishing features: 3 subspherical chambers in final whorl; primary and supplementary apertures,
symmetrically placed above a suture.
NB The short diagnoses are used in the tables of daughter-taxa to act as quick summaries of the differences
between e.g. species of one genus. They have initially been copied from the diagnostic characters/distinguishing
features sections of the Eocene and Paleocene Atlases, they will be edited as the site is developed.
Description: Diagnostic characters: Low to high trochospiral, subspherical chambers
Aperture: Primary aperture interiomarginal umbilical wide arch with rim. Supplementary sutural apertures on
spiral side [Aze 2011, based on Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
Coiling direction (in extant population): mixed/ Wall type: Spinose; Cancellate [Aze 2011]/ Size: >250µm
Test morphology: Test medium, low to high trochospire with three subspherical chambers in the final whorl,
increasing moderately in size; sutures radial, distinctly depressed; surface coarsely perforate; thin secondary
calcite crusts surround the spine bases ; calcite crust developing between spine bases form a honeycomb-shaped
surface (Pl. 10, Fig. 6); umbilicus narrow, primary aperture interiomarginal, umbilical with a wide-arched
opening bordered by a rim, with two supplementary sutural apertures situated opposite sutures of earlier
chambers. [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
Biogeography and Palaeobiology: Geographic distribution: Warm to cool subtropical. [Kennett &
Srinivasan 1983] Low latitudes [Aze et al. 2011, based on Kennett & Srinivasan (1983)] In modern oceans an
abundant, warm water, species [SCOR WG138]
Isotope paleobiology: Aze et al. 2011 ecogroup 1 - Open ocean mixed-layer tropical/subtropical, with
symbionts. Based on very heavy ∂13C and relatively light ∂18O Cited sources (Aze et al. 2011 appendix S3):
Keller (1985); Pearson et al. (2001b); Pearson & Shackleton (1995)
Phylogenetic relations:Gs. ruber is easily distinguished by the position of the primary and supplementary
sutural apertures, which are always symmetrically placed above the suture between two earlier chambers.
During the Pleistocene to Recent, Gs. rubershows a wide range of variation in the height of the spire and
tightness of the test coiling. Several taxa have been recognized to reflect these variations - for instance, Gs.
pyramidalis (van Den Broeck) for forms with a high trochospire, Gs. elongatus (d'Orbigny, 1826) for forms
with tightly coiled trochospire , and Gs. cyclostomus (Galloway and Wissler, 1927) for forms with a more
compact test and relatively small aperture. We consider all of these forms to be phenotypic variants of G. ruber.
We believe that Gs. ruber evolved from Gs. subquadratus during the late Middle Miocene Zone N15. Instead,
Blow (1969) suggested the ancestry of Gs. ruber to be from Gs. bolli within Zone N16 (Late Miocene), and
Cordey (1967) suggested that Gs. obliquus was the ancestral form of Gs. ruber. [Kennett & Srinivasan 1983]
Molecular Genotypes recognised (data from PFR2 database, June 2017; References: Aurahs et al. 2009 Insights;
Aurahs et al. 2009 ruber; Aurahs et al. 2011; Darling et al. 1997; Darling & Wade 2008; Ujiié & Lipps 2009;
Seears et al. 2012).
Globigerinoides ruber Ia (21 sequences) Globigerinoides ruber Ib (6 sequences)
Globigerinoides ruber Ib2 (21 sequences) Globigerinoides ruber IIb (13 sequences)
Globigerinoides ruber Pink (149 sequences)
NB G. ruber IIa is now regarded as a separate species, G. elongatus, following Aurahs et al. (2011).
Genotypes G. ruber Ia, Ib, Ib2 & IIb are all characteristic of G. ruber white (Aurahs et al. 2011).
Most likely ancestor: Globigerinoides subquadratus - at confidence level 3 (out of 5). Data source: Kennett &
Srinivasan 1983, fig. 10.
Biostratigraphic distribution: Geological Range:
Last occurrence (top): Extant Data source: present in the plankton (SCOR WG138). NB The pink form is
absent in the Pacific from 0.12Ma (Wade et al. 2011)
First occurrence (base): within N14 zone (10.46-11.63Ma, base in Serravallian stage). Data source: Chaisson &
Pearson (1997)
Plot of occurrence data:
o Range-bar - range as quoted above, pink interval top occurs in, green interval base occurs in.
o Triangles indicate an event for which a precise placement has been suggested
o Histogram - Neptune occurrence data from DSDP and ODP proceedings. Interpret with caution & read these
notes
o Taxon plotted: Globigerinoides ruber, synonyms included - Globigerinoides cyclostoma; Globigerinoides
cyclostomus; Globigerinoides elongatus; Globigerinoides elongatus pyramidalis; Globigerinoides
pyramidalis; Globigerinoides ruber; Globigerinoides ruber (high); Globigerinoides ruber (pink);
Globigerinoides ruber (white); Globigerinoides ruber alba; Globigerinoides ruber albus; Globigerinoides
ruber cyclostomus; Globigerinoides ruber elongatus; Globigerinoides ruber pyramidalis; Globigerinoides
ruber roseus; Globigerinoides ruber ruber; Globigerinoides ruber ruber (pink); Globigerinoides ruber
ruber (white); Globigerinoides ruber s.l.; Globigerinoides ruber white form; Globigerinoides rubra;
Planorotalites elongatus; Globigerinoides ruber s.l. (white); Parent: Globigerinoides

Primary source for this page: Kennett & Srinivasan 1983, p.78

References:
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Divergent and Length-polymorphic SSU rDNA Sequences. Bioinformatics and Biology Insights, 3: 155–177.
Aurahs, R.; Grimm, G.W.; Hemleben, V.; Hemleben, C. & Kucera, M., (2009). Geographical distribution of cryptic
genetic types in the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber. Mol. Ecol, 18: 1692–1706.
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