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MA101-Tutorial Sheet 1

This document contains: 1) 18 problems regarding real numbers, sequences, and calculus concepts like limits, bounded sequences, and properties of minimum/maximum values. 2) The problems cover topics like proving properties of absolute values, existence of least members of non-empty sets, properties that define real numbers, boundedness of sequences, and algebraic inequalities. 3) The document provides an introductory calculus tutorial sheet for students in their first semester of an undergraduate mathematics program in India.

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147 views2 pages

MA101-Tutorial Sheet 1

This document contains: 1) 18 problems regarding real numbers, sequences, and calculus concepts like limits, bounded sequences, and properties of minimum/maximum values. 2) The problems cover topics like proving properties of absolute values, existence of least members of non-empty sets, properties that define real numbers, boundedness of sequences, and algebraic inequalities. 3) The document provides an introductory calculus tutorial sheet for students in their first semester of an undergraduate mathematics program in India.

Uploaded by

jagpreet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROPAR

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
MA 101 - CALCULUS
Tutorial Sheet 1 (I Semester 2019 - 20)
Real numbers system and sequences 05 Aug, 2019

1. Let x, y ∈ R. Then prove the following:


x+y+|x−y| x+y−|x−y|
(a) max{x, y} = 2
and min{x, y} = 2
.
x y
(b) 0 ≤ x < y ⇒ 1+x
< 1+y .
|x+y| |x| |y|
(c) 1+|x+y|
≤ 1+|x|
+ 1+|y|
.

2. For x, y ∈ R, prove that

(a) |x + y| ≥ ||x| − |y||.


(b) |x − y| ≥ ||x| − |y||.
(c) |x − y| ≤ |x| + |y|.

3. Prove the following:

(a) Every non-empty subset of N has a least member.


(b) For every x ∈ R, there exist m, n ∈ Z such that m < x < n.
(c) For every x ∈ R, there exists unique n ∈ Z such that n ≤ x ≤ n + 1, i.e., every real number
lies between two consecutive integers.

4. Let a, b ∈ R, and suppose that for every  > 0 we have a ≤ b + . Show that a ≤ b.

5. Show that if a, b ∈ R, and a 6= b, then there exist -neighbourhoods U and V of a and b such that
U ∩ V = ∅.

6. Prove that there is no least positive real number.


2n
7. Find m ∈ N such that | n+3 − 2| < 51 , ∀n ≥ m.

8. Let a, b ∈ R. If 0 < a ≤ b and the indicated square roots exist, then prove that

√
r
2ab a+b a2 + b 2
a≤ ≤ ab ≤ ≤ ≤ b.
a+b 2 2

9. Using Mathematical Induction prove that ∀n ∈ N, (1 + x)n ≥ 1 + nx.


n +1 2
10. Check whether the sequence { 2n+3 } is bounded or not.

11. Prove or disprove that the following sequences are bounded:


2n−5
(a) { 2n+1 }.
(−1)n
(b) {1 + n
}.
1
(c) {1 + 5
+ 512 + ... + 1
5n
}.
2
(d) {n − n }.
12. Determine, whether the sequences are increasing or decreasing:

(a) { n2n+1 }n≥1


n n
(b) { 25n+1
3
}n≥1
√ √
13. Prove that the sequence {xn }, defined by x1 = a > 0, xn+1 = a + xn , is bounded above.

14. If 0 < aq< b and S1 = a, then the sequence {Sn } is bounded and monotonic increasing, where
2 +S 2
Sn+1 = aba+1 n
for all n ∈ N.

15. Prove that [ 12 (a + b)]2 ≤ 12 (a2 + b2 ) for all a, b ∈ R. Show that equality holds if and only if a = b.

16. Show that there exists a unique positive real number x such that x2 = 2.

17. Show that if a, b ∈ R then

(a) min{a, b, c} = min{min{a, b}, c}.


(b) min{a, b} = − max{−a, −b}.

18. For every x ∈ R, prove the following:

(a) There exist m, n ∈ Z such that m < x < n.


(b) There exists unique n ∈ Z such that n ≤ x < n + 1.

∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗∗ ALL THE BEST ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗∗

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