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Cp502 Advanced Fluid Mechanics: University of Peradeniya Faculty of Engineering

This document contains a 3 question exam on advanced fluid mechanics. Question 1 involves determining properties of combustion gases flowing through a converging-diverging duct. Question 2 involves calculating properties of air flowing isothermally through a rough circular duct. Question 3 involves determining the velocity profile and volumetric flow rate of a Newtonian fluid flowing in the annular space between a moving cylindrical rod and stationary cylinder.

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48 views2 pages

Cp502 Advanced Fluid Mechanics: University of Peradeniya Faculty of Engineering

This document contains a 3 question exam on advanced fluid mechanics. Question 1 involves determining properties of combustion gases flowing through a converging-diverging duct. Question 2 involves calculating properties of air flowing isothermally through a rough circular duct. Question 3 involves determining the velocity profile and volumetric flow rate of a Newtonian fluid flowing in the annular space between a moving cylindrical rod and stationary cylinder.

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UNIVERSITY OF PERADENIYA

Faculty of Engineering
END OF SEMESTER EXAMINATION – January 2011

CP502 ADVANCED FLUID MECHANICS


(2 hours)
Answer all three (03) questions
Simplifying assumptions used in developing solutions should be stated. In case of any uncertainty about the
meaning of the question, the assumed meaning should be clearly stated.

It is an open-book examination and therefore you are free to refer to any material.

(1) Combustion gases (R = 277 J/kg.K; γ = 1.3) at approximately zero velocity enters a
converging-diverging duct at a stagnation pressure and a stagnation temperature of 7000
kPa and 1500 K, respectively. A Mach number of 3.0 is expected at the exit of the
converging-diverging duct. Mass flow rate through the duct is taken as 3.5 kg/s.
Approximate the gas flow inside the duct to compressible, isentropic flow of an ideal gas.
Using appropriate equations (without proof), determine the following:
(a) Exit pressure [03 marks]
(b) Exit temperature [02 marks]
(c) Exit area and throat area [06 marks]
(d) Exit velocity of the combustion gases [02 marks]

(2) Air (R = 287 J/kg.K; γ = 1.4) flows at a mass flow rate of 3.56 kg/s isothermally at 300 K
through a straight rough duct of circular cross-section having 0.05 m diameter. The
pressure at the inlet is 225 kPa and the pressure at the outlet is 375 kPa. Take the Fanning
friction factor as 0.005.
(i) Using appropriate equations (without proof), determine the following:
(a) Inlet Mach number [03 marks]
(b) Outlet Mach number [03 marks]
(c) The length of the pipe [07 marks]
(d) The rate at which heat is supplied to (or removed from) the air flowing
through the pipe to maintain isothermal conditions [07 marks]
(ii) In this problem, air flows from a low pressure point to a high pressure point. Explain
how it is possible. [03 marks]

Please turn over


(3) Consider the system shown in Figure 1, in which an infinitely long cylindrical rod is placed
inside an infinitely long cylinder such that the axis of the rod and the axis of the cylinder
are aligned. The radius of the cylinder is R and the radius of the cylindrical rod is kR. The
annular space between the rod and the cylinder is filled with a dye. The cylindrical rod is
being moved with velocity V along the axial direction z. No pressure gradient is imposed.
The dye is taken as a Newtonian fluid. The flow is assumed to be steady, incompressible,
fully developed and laminar, and therefore the velocity profile in cylindrical polar
coordinates reduces to u r  u  0 and u z = f(r).

R r
kR V
z

Figure 1

a) Starting from the momentum balance in the Additional help (given below), obtain the
following expression for the velocity profile:
ln( r / R )
uz  V [07 marks]
ln( k )

b) Using the integral expression in the Additional help (given below), or otherwise, obtain
the following expression for the volumetric flow rate through the annular space:
 k2 1 
Q  R 2V   k2 [07 marks]
 2 ln( k ) 

Additional help:

 Momentum balance written in the usual notation in the z-direction of the cylindrical
polar coordinates (r, θ, z):

 u u u u u  p  1   u z  1  2 u z  2 u z 
  z  ur z   z  uz z       r  2  2   g z
 t r r  z  z  r r  r  r 
2
z 

 You may use the following integration if required:


x 2 ln x x 2
 x(ln x )dx  2

4

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