Title: Developing An E-Health System Based On IOT, Fog and Cloud Computing

Title: Developing an e-health system based on IOT, fog and cloud computing
Abstract: According to the World Health Organization (WHO) world population’s life
expectancy has rapidly increased and it will extend to 90 years by 2030, and this quality of life is
one of the major aging aspects. Many of the academic and business communities devoting many
efforts to develop many applications, services like vital signs monitoring, fall detection, heart
attacks, among others that promote quality of life for this portion of the population. Most of these
e-health systems are focused on intelligent devices - Internet of Things but it is not able process
store and guarantee quality of service due to hardware capacity limitations. It can be solved, as
IOT has two major allies fog and cloud computing that are able to provide e-health services with
high availability and quality. This paper introduces in progress e-health architecture by IOT
collects data form fog for data pre-processing and short term storage , cloud computing for data
processing and analyze and long term storage for overcome the challenges to provide e-health
care application with high availability, high performance and accessibility at low development
and maintenance cost.
Introduction: A brief History of human race, the number of elderly population is higher than
ever, studies shows us at 2020,it will be the largest then the previous one’s that will surpass the
number of children up to five years. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80%
of them live in low and middle income countries.
The current health care system is challenged by this facts as elderly people could suffer from
various chronic diseases or suffer from physical disability thus they need to take constant care
and monitoring. According to current estimates indicates an alert to us that the number of elderly
people with dementia should increase to 135 million by 2050. The integral follow up done by
health care professional and real time monitoring often ends up out of patients his /her or
family’s financial reality.
Using IOT devices is one of the main alternatives to follow up the elderly and develop health
care systems through intelligent devices vital data can be sent to the medical center and can
generate alarms for abnormal situation. The greater demands for long term elderly patients health
care and monitoring system requires efficient use of low cost technologies in order to use them in
best possible way.
Nowadays smartphones and smart devices are more popular and cheaper than specialized
medical devices, by 2017 estimates shows 1.57 billion smartphones and 310.4 million electronics
device sold worldwide which is 16.7% over 2016. With this IOT devices, it’s possible to collect
vital signals such as heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure or if the user suffer from an
accident, such as fall although this kind of devices have limited computation storage capacities
that can be mitigate by sending user data to fog or cloud for storing.
This work in progress shows a basic architecture that can be used to deploy an IOT based e-
health system integrated with fog and cloud and presents the main research challenges found in
this that is a prototype of a low cost based real-time heath monitoring system to propose a set of
models to analyze the e-health system availability.
Architecture: The architecture of e-health care system based on IOT devices using fog and
cloud , IOT devices (sensors) collecting vital signals form patients continuously and send them
to microcontroller for unify patients data and send them to fog devices where data is pre-
processed, storing patients data for further analyze and generating instant response for abnormal
condition is identified.
i. Prototyping the architecture: Data is collected via sensors and it sends to
microcontroller. microcontroller standardize the data and send it to fog .
a. Patients must use sensors to monitor vital signs, for cost minimizing smartphones
or devices can be used.
b. The data integration layer is done by microcontroller, Arduino can be used as it is
an open source platform, interface with wide communication standards and
cheaper.
c. At fog layer data collected from sensors are initially classified .due to
computational capacity a Raspberry3 pi is used.
d. The cloud layer stores the data and analyze on a larger scale. There are some
public cloud such as amazon4 for ease management and availability.
Challenges: In e-health care monitoring system high availability and high performance are very
essential as any information delay could be crucial for patient’s welfare and life. Currently in the
market there are many IOT devices for health care system but they are very expensive as not
everyone should afford it. For high performance and availability in e-health care system cost us
the main obstacle. Regarding the low cost of development and maintenance smartphones with
sensors, an Arduino for standardizing the data and a Raspberry3 pie as fog for pre-processing and
sending the data to the cloud. Modeling the availability and performance such a system is a
challenge so there are several solutions that can be applied to this goal as stochastic, petri Nets
(SPN), Markov chain, Reliability Block Diagram (RDB).
Next steps: Plans to implements a low cost prototype and make comparisons against other
architecture of the literature. Also planned to develop a stochastic models to estimate availability
of these systems and find the main bottlenecks.

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