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Configuration of CNC System: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

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tavish sharma

This document summarizes the configuration of a typical CNC system. It consists of a central processing unit that accepts and decodes part programs. A servo control unit generates control signals from the CPU and interfaces with axes and spindles. An operator control panel provides the user interface. A machine control panel directly interfaces between the operator and CNC system. Other peripheral devices include sensors, communication equipment, and programming units. A programmable logic controller matches the CNC to the machine and can be reprogrammed without hardware changes.

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Configuration of CNC System: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Uploaded by

tavish sharma
88 views4 pages
This document summarizes the configuration of a typical CNC system. It consists of a central processing unit that accepts and decodes part programs. A servo control unit generates control signals from the CPU and interfaces with axes and spindles. An operator control panel provides the user interface. A machine control panel directly interfaces between the operator and CNC system. Other peripheral devices include sensors, communication equipment, and programming units. A programmable logic controller matches the CNC to the machine and can be reprogrammed without hardware changes.

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cnc programing instructions

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Programing

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This document summarizes the configuration of a typical CNC system. It consists of a central processing unit that accepts and decodes part programs. A servo control unit generates control signals from the CPU and interfaces with axes and spindles. An operator control panel provides the user interface. A machine control panel directly interfaces between the operator and CNC system. Other peripheral devices include sensors, communication equipment, and programming units. A programmable logic controller matches the CNC to the machine and can be reprogrammed without hardware changes.

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© All Rights Reserved
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
88 views4 pages

Configuration of CNC System: 1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Uploaded by

tavish sharma
This document summarizes the configuration of a typical CNC system. It consists of a central processing unit that accepts and decodes part programs. A servo control unit generates control signals from the CPU and interfaces with axes and spindles. An operator control panel provides the user interface. A machine control panel directly interfaces between the operator and CNC system. Other peripheral devices include sensors, communication equipment, and programming units. A programmable logic controller matches the CNC to the machine and can be reprogrammed without hardware changes.

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CONFIGURATION OF CNC SYSTEM

Fig shows a schematic diagram of the working principle of an NC


axis of a CNC machine and the interface of a CNC control.
A CNC system basically consists of the following:-
 Central processing unit (CPU).
 Servo control unit
 Operator control panel
 Machine control panel
 Other peripheral devices
 Programmable logic controller
Figure gives the typical control configuration of Hinumerik 3100
CNC system.

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) :-


The CPU is the heart of a CNC system. It accepts the
information stored in the memory as part program. This data is
decoded and transformed into specific position control and velocity
signals. It also oversees the movement of the control axis or
spindle and whenever this does not match with the programmed
values, a corrective action as taken.
All the compensation required for machine accuries (like
lead screw pitch error, tool wear out, backlashes.) are calculated by CPU
depending upon the corresponding inputs made available to the system.
The same will be taken care of during the generation of control signals
for the axis movement. Also, some basic safety checks are built into the
system through this unit and continuous necessary corrective actions will
be provided by CPU unit. Whenever the situation goes beyond control of
the CPU, it takes the final action of shutting down the system and in turn
the machine.
2. Servo control unit :-
The decoded position and velocity control signals,
generated by the CPU for the axis movement forms the input to the
servo control unit. This unit in turn generates suitable signals as
command values. The command values are converted by the servo
drive units which are interfaced with the axes and the spindle
motors.
The servo control unit receives the position feedback
signals for the actual movement of the machine tool axes from the
feedback devices (like linear scales, rotary encoders, revolvers,
etc.)

3. Operator Control Panel :-


The Operator Control Panel provides control panel
provides the user interface to facilitate a two way communication
between the user, CNC system and the machine tool. This consists
of two parts;
 Video display unit
 Keyboard

4. Machine Control Panel :-


It is the direct interface between the operator and the NC system,
enabling the operation of the machine through the CNC system.
During program execution, the CNC controls the axis the motion,
spindle function or tool function on a machine tool, depending upon the
part program stored in the memory. Prior to the starting of the machining
process, machine should first be prepared with some specific takes like,
 Establishing a correct reference point
 Loading the system memory with the required part program
 Loading and checking of tool offsets, zero offsets, etc.

5. Other peripheral devices :-


These include sensor interface, provision for
communication equipment, programming units, printer, tape reader
interface, etc.

6. Programmable logic Controller:-


A PLC matches the NC to the machine. PLC’s
were basically as replacement for hard wired relay control panels.
They were basically introduced as replacement for hard wired
relay panels. They developed to be re-programmed without
hardware changes when requirements were altered and thus are re-
usable. PLC’s are now available with increased functions, more
memory and larger input/output capabilities.
In the CPU, all the decisions are made relative to
controlling a machine or a process. The CPU receives input data,
performs logical decisions based upon stored programs and drives
the output s. connection to a computer for hierarchical control are
done via the CPU.

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