Ito Na Talaga Yung Final
Ito Na Talaga Yung Final
Ito Na Talaga Yung Final
A RESEARCH PROPOSAL
By:
April 2019
APPROVAL SHEET
Noted :
JENNEFER B. AQUINO
Subject Teacher
Approved:
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRELIMINARIES PAGE
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Table of Contents iv
INTRODUCTION 1
Research Hypothesis 3
Definition of Terms 5
Related Literature 6
Related Studies 9
METHODOLOGY 11
Research Design 11
Materials 11
Ingredients 12
Procedure 12
Data Gathering 13
Data Analysis 13
BIBLIOGRAPHY 14
LIST OF APPENDICES 15
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
As the population of the human race increases rapidly, so does the plastic we use.
Plastic is composed of major toxic pollutants, it has the potential to cause great harm to
the environment in the form of air, water and land pollution. It has begun to negatively
impact the natural environment and create problems for plants, animals and even human
population. Plastic is very useful but it is made from toxic materials that causes illnesses.
chemicals that can be harmful to the environment, but biodegradable plastic based on the
fertilizing the soil . Microorganisms in the environment metabolize and break down the
structure of biodegradable plastic. The end result is less harmful to the environment than
traditional plastics.
Although it is a very useful product it still has its downsides. For instance, they do
not decompose unless they are disposed properly, meaning that biodegradable plastics
must be treated similarly to compost. The natural breakdown of the plastic will not occur
if it is simply tossed in a landfill with other trash. The benefits would seem to outweigh
any potential drawbacks, but the question of whether or not biodegradable plastics will
eggshells plastic to minimize the pollution and death of plants and animals using
eggshells.
This study aims to determine the feasibility of biodegradable plastic with different
1. How may the biodegradable plastic with different amounts of eggshells be described in
terms of:
1.1 appearance;
1.2 texture;
2.1 appearance;
2.2 texture;
This study aims to reduce the use of non-biodegradable plastic, prevent the
environment from getting polluted, and change the views of people by using
the:
1.1 appearance;
1.2 texture;
2.1 appearance;
2.2 texture;
Research Hypothesis
1.1 appearance;
1.2 texture;
To the Environment. The findings of the study may help the environment to
prevent plastic pollution and other environmental problems. It will serve as a beacon of
hope to lessen global warming, prevent the melting of the polar ice caps.
To the People. The result of the study can help people realize their wrong doings
and change their ways of using plastic. The findings of the study may help encourage
them to use biodegradable plastic instead of regular plastic. This would motivate them to
teach the next generation and generations to come to help the environment.
To Future Researchers. This will serve as a guide for more research to perfect
This study aims to reduce the use of non-biodegradable plastic, prevent the
environment from getting polluted, and change the views of people by using
Definition of Terms
living things.
or operates.
Landfill. A place to dispose of refuse and other waste material by burying it and covering
Microorganism. Use to break down the general structure of the biodegradable plastic.
CHAPTER II
The related literature and studies cited in this chapter tackle the different concept,
guide in conducting the study. Those that are included in this chapter helps in
familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.
Related Literature
A. Local
plastic bags. It is made from the same raw material using the same machine and labor.
The only difference is that it contains a prodegradant additive that makes them
biodegradable in soil. The use of oxo-biodegradable plastic bags complements and even
adds value to solid waste management efforts of the government as well as the private
sector. It gives a finite life to plastics, particularly polyethylene which is the main raw
material in making plastic bags and a low-cost insurance against accidental or deliberate
Filipino scientists have found a way to reduce the decay period of plastic: by
developing them from coconut oil. “Scientists at the University of the Philippines Natural
Science Research Institute (UP-NSRI) and the UP Institute of Chemistry have developed
a biodegradable plastic from coconut oil,” said Filipino physicist Dr. Nathaniel Hermosa
research. Conato and Florentino used a major fatty acid from coconut oil to prepare
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biodegradable polymers like clay, plastic and rubber. They found that the plastic they
made is more biodegradable than plastic derived from petroleum. (Panela, 2013)
because the article of Jimenez stated that it contains a prodegradant additive that makes
them biodegradable in soil. While in the article of Panela the Filipino scientists used
coconut oil. On the other hand the researchers of the present study will use an egg shell to
B. Foreign
Plastics are the most popular item that people used nowadays it becomes a serious
threat to the environment. If not disposed properly, plastics can lie or float around for
decades Plastic became the government’s biggest problem. This led the government to
ban the use of plastic in many countries. Despite the best efforts of well-intentioned
entering the environment, especially oceans. Some governments have been persuaded
that “bioplastics” are the solution. But since bioplastics are expensive these suggestions
have been flawed. However, the oxo-biodegradable plastic, unlike other plastics,
recycled. And when it comes to OBP decomposition doesn’t mean breakdown into plastic
Scientist found that adding tiny shards of eggshell to bioplastic can create a
packaging material that do not break easily. About 300 million tons of plastic were
produce annually. 99 percent of it are made from crude oil and other fossil fuels. If
burned, these plastics release carbon dioxide that causes threat to the environment. As a
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easy to decompose anywhere. Eventually, this materials lack the strength and flexibility
that is needed to work well. To find a solution, Rangari, a graduate student experimented
with various plastic polymers. This mixture had many of the traits that many researchers
were looking for but they still want to further enhance its flexibility. That’s why they
created nanoparticles made of eggshells because they are lightweight and mainly
2016)
Turkish scientist named “Duygu Yilmaz” discovered that olive pit’s chemical
makeup has similarities with that of a normal plastic’s. This study then has since sprouted
into the Biolive startup, a group that converts the discarded pits from olive oil
manufacturers into bioplastic. Another benefit of using biodegradable plastic is its small
carbon footprint replacing 2 pounds of traditional plastic with the same amount of
who has received several awards and grants for her groundbreaking work, hopes that
Biolive will continue partnering with more and more shipping companies so that their
olive-based material can one day replace wasteful plastic packaging entirely. (Morris,
2019)
With the above mention works of literature, articles of Stephen and Morris are
similar to the present study since it mainly focused in making biodegradable plastics.
Article of Cottingham stated that a scientist found that adding tiny shards of eggshell to
bioplastic can create a packaging material that do not break easily. The present study is
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similar to those studies in the way that the researchers want to develop a biodegradable
plastic.
Related Studies
A. Local
As stated by De Jesus (2008) she found out that oven-dried Chitosan from shrimp
shells are biodegradable but cannot substitute commercial plastics in physical terms and
its resistance. The study aimed to produce biodegradable plastic out of oven-dried shrimp
shells and be a part of solving the country’s problems on waste disposal by decreasing the
rate of pollution on land, air, and water where non-biodegradable plastics are the main
causes of pollution.
can serve as tentative solution to the problem of our country’s waste disposal. There were
As claimed by Lucas (2011) he found out that corn starch and cassava are better
biodegradable plastic made from different biodegradable materials other than using a
commercialize plastic that do not decompose and to realize that bioplastics may help in
segregation problem.
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According to Surigao (2013) she found out that eggshell, peanut shell, and snail
shell can be good material in making biodegradable plastic. This study aimed to lessen
the world’s non-biodegradable waste and help the community with the solid waste
management problem.
Studies of Surigao, De Jesus, Lucas, and Gamotea are quite similar to the present
study in the way of solving the country’s waste disposal and segregation problem. In the
other hand the two researchers, Lucas and Gamotea, uses a starch instead of egg shells.
B. Foreign
According Kasmuri (2018), in her study, it aims to use the eggshells and chitosan
bioplastic. It also can be deduced that adding fillers in starch based bioplastic can
bioplastic and improve the bioplastics performance by adding eggshells and chitosan as
potato starch fillers. It is similar to the present study in a way that he used eggshells as an
ingredient. But he also uses a chitosan as an ingredient. But based on his study eggshells
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, materials, ingredients, procedure data
gathering, and data analysis to determine the feasibility of egg shells as a biodegradable
plastic.
Research Design
Materials
The materials that will be used in the preparation of biodegradable plastics out of
Measuring spoons
Blender
Cooking Pot
Gas Stove
Spoon
Ingredients
1 tbsp. glycerin
1 tbsp. vinegar
5 tbsp. water
Eggshells
Procedure
Step 3. Put the cooking pot on the top of the stove in low heat then mix until it
Step 4. Transfer to nonstick cooking paper then let sit for 24 hours.
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will be gathered. The evaluator will use five-point Likert Scale in scoring the product.
The means of the data to be gathered will be rated using the description based on
Data Analysis
For Objective Number 1: Arithmetic Means will be used to test the different
BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.pepctplastics.com/resources/connecticut-plastics-learning-
center/biodegradable-plastics/
https://opinion.inquirer.net/30815/biodegradable-plastic-bags
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/scitech/science/290453/pinoy-scientists-develop-
biodegradable-plastic-from-coconut-oil/story/
https://opinion.inquirer.net/110101/better-plastics-healthier-oceans
https://www.goodnewsnetwork.org/scientist-makes-bioplastic-out-of-discarded-olive-
pits/?fbclid=IwAR3SseLu8-
nbZyGK4qFP02OA7Z8m8LQ2HGbf5H1nrMCGxVdd7LR2TseoXw8
https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2016/march/egshell-
nanoparticles.html?fbclid=IwAR1vc1xbMZM4BDigF1p5L2dS-
v5DGqSExXZr2T4zqeyyHPcFI4DoEXRJCd8
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APPENDIX A
SCORE CARD
Dear Respondents,
You are requested to be part of this clarity test of appearance, texture, durability,
and general acceptability of egg shells as a biodegradable plastic. Kindly grade the
Treatment 1
Treatment 2
Treatment 3
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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APPENDIX B
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APPENDIX C
Ma’am:
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We are looking forward for your positive response. Thank you very much and God bless.
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APPENDIX D
Sir:
Greeting!
We are looking forward for your positive response. Thank you very much and God bless.
Respectfully yours,
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