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A Synopsis ON: "Improvement in Reliability & Transmission Efficiency by Using Network Coding"

This document summarizes a report on using network coding to improve reliability and transmission efficiency in communication networks. Network coding allows intermediate nodes to encode messages in addition to forwarding them, improving throughput. The report studies how network coding reduces packet retransmissions and improves reliability in lossy networks. It also analyzes how network coding increases transmission efficiency through various methods. The results suggest network coding provides significant benefits over traditional routing techniques.

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33 views8 pages

A Synopsis ON: "Improvement in Reliability & Transmission Efficiency by Using Network Coding"

This document summarizes a report on using network coding to improve reliability and transmission efficiency in communication networks. Network coding allows intermediate nodes to encode messages in addition to forwarding them, improving throughput. The report studies how network coding reduces packet retransmissions and improves reliability in lossy networks. It also analyzes how network coding increases transmission efficiency through various methods. The results suggest network coding provides significant benefits over traditional routing techniques.

Uploaded by

rupeds
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A

SYNOPSIS
ON

“Improvement in Reliability & Transmission Efficiency by using


Network Coding”

FOR

MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS (VLSI)
SUBMITTED BY
SHRI OM MISHRA
ROLL NO. 1200131024
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
MR. SHAILENDRA KUMAR SINGH
Jr. Associate Professor

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Integral University

Lucknow (U.P) INDIA

2013-2014
ABSTRACT

Today’s Internet uses routing to deliver messages from end to end. Network
coding is a generalization of routing which allows relay nodes to encode
messages in addition to duplicating and forwarding messages. It is proved that
network coding can achieve multicast capacity and therefore improve the
throughput of a multicast network significantly.

This report intends to explore and study Network Coding


characteristics in order to develop reliable & increasing transmission efficiency in
communication on a specific network.

Network coding improves network reliability by reducing the


number of packet retransmissions in lossy networks. The mathematical
description of reliability gain is studied. Along with this different MANET
protocols are also studied which increases the reliability in wireless network.
Different methods using Network Coding through which we increase
transmission efficiency of network is also studied.
INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, practical communication networks such as phone, internet, peer-to-


peer, wireless and ad-hoc networks represent more and more an indispensable
role in our lives.

Traditionally, in order to exchange data between nodes,


communication networks use routing algorithms (store-and-forward), where a
node receives a packet or symbol and consequently forwards it to the next node,
in such a manner that packets travel through the network remaining intact
between the source and the destination/receiver.

Network coding is originally proposed in information theory and


has become the most promising approach to improve system throughput in
wireless networks. The batch retransmission concept for reliable multicast and
investigated the gain of using network coding to reduce the number of
retransmission packets, thus, to improve the efficiency of retransmission.
LITERATURE REVIEW

1. Network Coding: Network coding is a recent research field in


information theory that changes the traditional idea of routing, instead of
simply forwarding data or packets, intermediate nodes may also be used
in order to recombine several input packets into one or more output
packets with the objective of attaining maximum information flow in the
network.
2. Network Coding (NC) overview: Several benefits of using NC
among communication networks have been proven in diverse subjects,
such as throughput, end-to-end delay, wireless resources, security issues
and robustness. In this report, transmission efficiency benefits when
multicasting are the main concern.

3. Reliable Multicast in Wireless Networks Using Network


Coding: Wireless communication brings many advantages in our life’s,
e.g., mobility and flexibility. However, various factors, e.g., fading,
interference, multi-path effects, and collisions, may lead to large loss rate
on wireless links, which increases the retransmission overhead. Such
retransmission overhead is more severe for multicast in wireless networks.
4. Reliability Benefit of Network Coding: The capacity benefit of
network coding has been extensively studied in wired and wireless
networks. Moreover, it has been shown that network coding improves
network reliability by reducing the number of packet retransmissions in
lossy networks. However, the extent of the reliability benefit of network
coding is not known. The expected number of transmissions using link-by-
link ARQ compared to network coding to send a packet from the multicast
log 𝐾
source to K receivers scales as Θ( ).
log log 𝐾

5. A Network Coding Based Ad Hoc Multicast Protocol: Code Cast


is a network coding based ad hoc protocol which provides low loss, low
latency constraints. It uses random encoding approach & yield 100%
delivery ratio along with reduction in overhead bits

6. Network Coding for Multicast in Large Scale MANET: Code


cast delivers near 100% of data packets and reduces overhead by as
much as 50% on small scale MANET. Network Coded STORM (NC
STORM) multicast routing protocol for large scale MANETs.NC-STORM
adopts STORM for organizing teams of nodes into a robust multicast
mesh structure and intelligently designates forwarding nodes to perform
network coding as a means for efficiently and reliably delivering data
packets between source and destination nodes.
PROPOSED RESULT

. Protocols using Network Coding approach is studied and found that this
provides more reliability and better utilization of resources like bandwidth &
delay.

. Also studied the reliability benefit of network coding for tree-based reliable
multicasting.

. Four types of error control techniques, namely, end-to-end ARQ, end-to-end


FEC, link-by-link ARQ and network coding were considered and analyzed the
expected number of transmissions at source and in multicast tree as the
measure of the performance of different error control techniques.

. It was shown that the reliability benefit of network coding compared to link-by-
log 𝐾
link ARQ is Θ( ) where K is the fan out degree of the nodes of the tree.
log log 𝐾

. The limitation of network coding is if any link goes failed then reception of
original data is not possible. So, a methodology should be adopted so that we
can overcome from this limitation.
REFERENCES

1. R. Ahlswede, N. Cai, S.-Y. R. Li, and R. W. Yeung, “Network Information


Flow”, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, IVol.4 Issue 46,
pp.1204-1216, Jul. 2000

2. S. Y. R. Li, R. W. Yeung, N. Cai, “Linear Network Coding”, IEEE


Transactions
On Information Theory, Vol. 49, No. 2, February 2003

3. T. Ho, M. M´edard, R. Koetter, D. R. Karger, M. Effros, J. Shi,and B.


Leong. A random linear network coding approach tomulticast. Submitted
to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory.

4. EmekaE.Egbogah,Abraham O. Fapojuwo, and Zongpeng Li, “ On the


Performance of Network Coding for Multicast Data Delivery in Large
Scale Mobile Ad Hoc Networks”. Submitted to IEEE Trans. Inform.
Theory

5. M. Ghaderi, D. Towsley, J. Kurose, “Reliability gain of network coding in


lossywireless networks,” Proc. 27th Conf. Computer Communications,
pp. 2171-2179, 2008..

6. E. Egbogah, A. Fapojuwo, and N. Chan, "Scalable Team Oriented


Reliable Multicast routing protocol for Tactical Mobile Ad hoc Networks”,
Proc. of IEEE MILCOM’08, pp. 1-7, San Diego, Nov. 2008.

7. J.S. Park, M. Gerla, D. Lun, Y. Yi, and M. Medard, “CodeCast: ANetwork


Coding based Ad hoc Multicast Protocol”, IEEE Wireless
Communications, Vol.13, pp.76-81, Oct. 2006.

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