B.sc. (Agriculture)

DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .
BACHELOR OF AGRICULTURE
B.Sc. (Ag.)
(FOUR YEAR DEGREE COURSE)
SUBJECT
AGRICULTURE
PAGE 1
B.Sc. (AGRICULTURE)
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-I
(11+9)
S. No. Department Credit Title

Hours
1. English 1+1 Structural & Spoken English
2 Agronomy 2+1 Principles of crop Production
3 Ag. Chemistry & Soil Sc. 2+1 Fundamentals of Soil Science
4 Plant Breeding & Genetics 1+1 Elements of Genetics
5 Ag. Statistics & Maths. 1+1 Elementary Statistics and Applied Maths.
6 Soil Conservation 1+1 Agricultural Meteorology
7 Agriculture Extension 1+1 Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology
8 Horticulture 2+1 Fundamentals of Horticulture
9. Physical Education 0+1 Physical Education (Only Practical)
PAGE 2
Course-I
Semester- I 1+1
STRUCTURAL & SPOKEN ENGLISH
(A) ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMER : A REVISION
1. Study and use of Articles: Pronouns and Prepositions.
2. Tenses in English
(B) SENTENCE STRUCTURE
1. Sentence formation
2. Some common varieties of sentence structure (including errors).
(C) READING COMPREHENSION
Six specified lessons from the following text book:
Name : Glimpses of English Prose.
Author : Dr. O.P. Dixit
Publisher : Sahitya Niketan, Kanpur
(D) WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
1. Letter and application writing
2. Report writing.
(E) VOCABULARY
1. Synonyms and antonyms
2. One word substitution
PAGE 3
3. Affixes, prefixes and suffixes
PRACTICALS
1. Speech mechanism-speech event, production of speech, speech organs.
2. Phonetic sounds and symbols-pure vowels, diphthongs and constants

(voiceless/voiced, accented/u naccented, aspirated/u naspirated).
3. Stress and intonation-word-accent (syllable, consonant clusters), stressshift,

compound words, word accent in Indian English v/s R.P., rules for accentual
patterns.
4. Accent in connected speech-rhythm, weak forms, intonation etc.
5. Listening comprehension
6. Reading comprehension.
PAGE 4
Course- II
Semester-I 2+1
PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION
1. Definition and scope of Agronomy.
2. Classification of Crops on Different basis.
3. General principles of Crop production : Climate, soil and its preparation, seed and
seed sowing, post-sowing tillage, water management, nutrition, plant protection
measures, harvesting, threshing and storage.
4. Crop sequences and systems with emphasis on mixed cropping and inter
cropping.
5. Nutritional management of crops including application of manures, fertilizers and

bio-fertilizers. Concept of integrated nutrient supply system.
Practical
1. Study of weather and weather forecasting.
2. Identification of crops, manures and fertilisers.
3. Framing crop rotations and preparation of cropping schemes for varying agro-
climatic conditions.
4. Preparation of seed bed based on important inter-cropping systems.
5. Calculation of fertiliser requirement, fertiliser mixtures and unit values.
PAGE 5
6. Methods of fertiliser application.

7. Practical record
8. Viva - Voce
PAGE 6
Course- III
Semester- I 2+1
FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE
1. Definition of Soil, Components of Soil and their role in agriculture.
2. Soil forming rocks and minerals, Development, of Soil profile, Soil formation,
factors affecting soil formation, soil forming processes.
3. Soil reaction and its measurements and significance.
4. Chemistry of clay minerals with special reference to Kaoinite,

Montmorrillonite and little.
5. Physical properties of soil, and their significance.
6. Chemical properties of soil, cation and anion exchange phenomenon and their
importance in agriculture.
7. Soil organic matter, humus formation and its importance in soil fertility,
management and maintenance of organic matter in soils.
8. Soil of U.P., classification, distribution and characteristics.
9. Elementary idea of soils of India-occurrence, characteristics, physicochemical

properties of chernozems, pobzol and laterite soil.
10. Basic idea of comprehensive system (7th approximation) of soil classification.
11. Elementary idea of soil survey and Land capability, classification.
12. Occurrence, distribution and functions of Soil Micro-organism. Biological Nitrogen

Fixation (Symbiotics and Non-symbiotics), Nitrification, Microbial decomposition
of orgame Matter in soil,
PAGE 7
13. Role and use of Biofertilizers.in Crop Production,
14. Classification and use of Insecticide, Fungicides and herbicides
eg. BNC, DDT, Malthion, & 2,4,D.
Practical:
1. Preparation of HCL extract of Soil
2. Determination of FeO, R203, Ca and P in HCL extract
3. Determination of soil O.M.
4. Estimation of Cl, C03, HCO3 in soil extract
5. Determination of total nitrogen in soil.

6. Practical Record
7. Viva - Voce
PAGE 8
Course- IV
Semester- I 1+1
ELEMENTS OF GENETICS
1. Definition, significance and historical development in genetics.
2. Mendel’s Law’s of heredity.
3. Cell division, meiosis and mitosis.
4. Chromosomal theory of inheritance. Linkage and crossing over-types, mechanism
and significance.
5. Nucleic acid as genetic material-structure and replication.
6. Mutation-spontaneous and induced.
7. Chromosomal changes- structural and numerical.
8. Multiple factor inheritance and multiple alleles, blood groups in man and body
coat colour in rabits.
9. Sex chromosomes and there determination in man and drosophila, sex linked
characters.
10. Cytoplasmic inheritance-plasma and nuclear.
Practical
1. Preparation of temporary cytological slides (mitosis and meiosis)
2. Genetical problems using Chi-square test on mono and dihybrid ratios with their
modifications.
3. Practical record
4. Viva-voce
PAGE 9
Course- V
Semester- I 1+1
ELEMENTARY STATISTICS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
STATISTICS
Definition, Aims, Characteristics and Limitations of statistics, Classification and

Tabulation of data.
Definition, advantages and disadvantages of Arithmetic Mean, Median, Mode;

Geometric Mean, Harmonic Mean and Weighted Mean as measures of central tendency;
and Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation, Variance, Standard Deviation and
Coefficient of variation as measures of dispersion.
Definition of probability, Additive and Multiplicative Laws of probability and

simple problems based on them. Definition, merits and demerits of sampling and
Random Sampling. Concept of Standard Error. Basic concepts used in tests of Significance
like Null Hypothesis, Degrees of freedom and Level of significance. Definition and uses of
z and t-tests in testing significance of difference between two means; F-test in testing
equality of two variances and (x2= test as a test of independence of attributes in 2x2
contingency table only.
Basic principles of Experimental Design. Description and Analysis of
Completely Randomised Design (C.R.D.), Randomised Block Design (R.B.D.) and Latin
Square Design (L.S.D.)
MATHEMATICS
Binomial Theorem for positive integral index only. Uses of Natural and common
Logarithems. Exponential Series. Limits and Differentiation. Differentiation of algebraic,
PAGE 10
trigonometrical, logarithmic and exponential functions only, Logarithmic differentiation.

Differentiation of products, quotients, function of functions, implicit and explicit
functions.
Practical
Based on
1. Measures of Central Tendency
2. Measures of Dispersion
3. Tests of Significance
4. Analysis of CRD, RBD and LSD

5. Practical Record
6. Viva - Voce
PAGE 11
Course-VI
Semester- I 1+1
AGRICULTURAL METEOROLOGY
Different meteorological variables related to agriculture.
Rainfall- Hydrologic cycle and it’s components. Types and forms of precipitation.
Storms, occurrence, variation and measurement of rainfall. Rain guages, Computation
and analyses of data. Plotting of mass curve and rainfall intensity curve.
Run-off- Definition, types, factors affecting estimation and measurement of run-

off.
Atmosphere - Definition and structure, climate and weather, atmospheric

pressure, factors affecting, measurement.
Elementary idea of insolation, Temperature, kinds and measuring instruments,

evaporation, factors affecting, measurement
Humidity, definition, windvane, Anemo-meter.
Indian Agro Climatic Zones
Elementary idea of weather forecasting.
Practical
1 Computation of average rainfall.

2 Mass Curve
3 Plotting Bargraph for rainfall data.
4 Rainfall intensity curve.
5 Measurement of rainfall by Rainguage.
6 Measurement of Atmospheric Pressure.
7 Plotting line graphs for illustrating climatic factor such as temperature.
PAGE 12
8 Measurement of Relative Humidity.

9 Study of wind vane and Anemometer.
10 Measurement of Evaporation by USDA evaporation pan.
11 Practical record
12 Vive -Voce
PAGE 13
Course-VII
Semester- I 1+1
RURAL SOCIOLOGY AND EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
1. Definition and scope of rural sociology.
2. Basic concept of society, community and groups
3. Characteristics and Differences of rural and Urban communities
4. Basic rural institutions and their role in Agriculture development.
5. Definition and types of rural leadership and their role.
6. Definition, nature and importance of psychology in the development of human

behaviour.
7. Meaning of habit and habit development.
8. Mas Low’s need hierarchy, concept and types of motives.
9. Basic Psychological concepts; motivation, Social Interaction, Attitudes, Emotions,

Prejudices and Social Perception.
10. Personality- definition and development.
Practical
1. Socio-economic survey of village communities.
2. Developing schedules and questionnaires.
3. Interactions with basic rural institutions.
4. Identification of important value systems in the rural setting as a means of social

control.
5. Identification of rural leads and their traits.

PAGE 14
6. Practical Record
7. Viva -Voce
PAGE 15
Course-VIII
Semester- I 2+1
FUNDAMENTALS OF HORTICULTURE
History nature and scope of horticulture. Importance of main branches of

horticulture and their present position in India. Classification and importance of
nomenclature of Horticultural Plants. Role of climate, weather, soils and environment in
horticulture. Growth and development of horticultural crops. Role of manures, fertilizers
and bio-fertilizers in horticulture. Irrigation and weed management. Role of plant growth
substances in horticulture. Mulches and clean cultivation in horticulture. Training and
purring of horticultural crops. Management of insect, pests and diseases. Post – harvest
management of horticultural crops.
Practical
1. Nurseries of horticultural plants.
1. Identification of garden tools and plants;
2. Major practices of propagation of horticultural plants
3. Application of plant growth regulators, wedicides and pesticides
4. Visit to nurseries, gardens and research stations.
5. Practical Record
6. Viva Voce
PAGE 16
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-II
(13+7)

Hours
1. Agriculture Engineering 1+1 Irrigation and water Management
2 Agriculture Extension 2+1 Fundamentals of Extension Education

and Rural Development
3 Plant Breeding & Genetics 2+1 Elementary Crop Physiology
4 Agriculture Zoology Entomology 1+1 Introduction Entomology
5 Plant pathology 1+1 Introductory Plant Pathology
6 Agriculture Chemistry & Soil 3+1 Elementary Plant Biochemistry

Sc.
7 Agriculture Economics 3+1 Introduction of Agriculture and Natural

Resources Economics and Farm
Management Economics
PAGE 17
Course- I
Semester- II 1+1
IRRIGATION AND WATER MANAGEMENT
1. Importance of water in crop production.
2. Soil Moisture constants.
3. Water requirement of crops and factors affecting it.
4. Approaches of irrigation scheduling.
5. Systems and methods of irrigation
6. Quantity and quality of irrigation.
7. Measurement of irrigation water.
8. Elementary idea of drainage on farms.
Practical
1. Measurement of irrigation water.
2. Determination of soil moisture content and quality of water.
3. Calculation on consumptive use of water.
4. Numerical exercises on drainage and irrigation requirement.
5. Calculation of irrigation water use efficiency
6. Visit to irrigation and drainage projects.
7. Practical record
8. Viva Voce
PAGE 18
Course- II
Semester- II 2+1
FUNDAMENTALS OF EXTENSION EDUCATION AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT
1. Extension Education:
(a) Meaning, definition, objectives, Principles, Scope, Philosophy and it’s distinguish
features.
(b) Extension Teaching and Learning: Teaching, Teaching Elements, steps in Teaching,
Learning, Learning Situation, Basic Principles of Teaching and Learning.
(c) Early Extension Efforts in India – both pre and post independence era.
(d) Comparative study of Extension Service in India and USA.
2. Community Development:
(a) Meaning, Definition and objectives of community development.
(b) Organizational set up and Activities of Community development programs in India.
(c) Extension and Rural Development Programmes: Including T & V system, National
Demonstration, IRDP, Jawahar Rojgar Yozana and Krishi Vigyan Kendra.
3. Extension Programme Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation:
(a) Meaning, Principles and Procedure of Programme Planning.
(b) Definition, Monitoring and evaluation: purpose, types, criteria and steps involved.
Practical
1. Conducting Survey
2. Preparing schedule and Questionnaire for studying organizational set up of

community development, village institutions and farmer’s organization.
PAGE 19
3. Motivating farmers for option of improved farm technologies.
4. Data Collection for preparation of a village & a Block development programme.
5. Preparation of questionnaire / schedule for evaluation of a programme.
6. Classification, Tabulation and representation of data.
7. Writing study Reports.
8. Practical record
9. Viva Voce
PAGE 20
Course- III
Semester- II 2+1
ELEMENTARY CROP-PHYSIOLOGY
1. Role of plant physiology in agriculture.
2. Cell structure and function.
3. Bio-Physico-chemical phenomenon-diffusion, osmosis plasmolysis and imbibitions.
4. Absorption of water and mineral salts.
5. Photosynthesis - light and dark reactions.
6. Respiration mechanism and its significance.
7. Transpiration mechanism and its significance.
8. Plant growth substances and dormancy.
9. Photoperiodism and Vernalization.
Practical
1. Demonstration of plant physiological experiments on diffusion, osmosis,

imbibition, transpiration, photosynthesis and respiration.
2. Practical record
3. Viva Voce
PAGE 21
Course- IV
Semester- II 1+1
INTRODUCTORY ENTOMOLOGY
1. General introduction to Phylum-Arthropoda, including important classes.
2. Insect Morphology: Body wall-structure, composition and functions; Body

divisions-Head (Structure and its appendages; structure, functions and
modifications of antinae; Mouthparts-Biting and chewing, piercing and sucking,
sponging, siphoning, chewing, and lapping); Thorax-its structure and appendages,
modifications and functions of legs and wings, wing coupling apparatus and wing
venation; Abdomen-its segements and appendages.
3. Anatomy: Digestive, Excretory, Reproductive, circulatory, respiratory and nervous

systems of grass hopper.
4. Sense organs : Structure and functions of ocelli, compound eye and johonston’s
organ.
5. Post-embryonic development including ecdysis, instars, types of larvae and pupae.

Different types of metamorphosis.
6. Taxonomy: Insect Classification upto the level of families of agricultural

importance of following orders:
Orthoptera : Acrididae;
lsoptera : Termitidae;
Hemiptera : Coreidae, Pyrrhocoreidae, Lophopidae, Aleurodidae,
Jassidae, aphidae, Coccidae, Lacciferidae,
PAGE 22
Coleoptera : Dermestidae, Coccinellidae, Bruchidae Chrisomelidae;

Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, Scarabaeidae;
Lepidoptera : Gelechiidae, Pyralididae, Noctuidae, Cymbidae,

Papilionidae, arctiidae and Bombycidae;
Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae and Apidae
Diptera : Trypetidae
Practical
1. Dissection of Grasshopper for the study of digestive, reproductive and nervous

system.
2. Study and Temporary mounting of external parts of grasshopper.
3. Identification and comments upon the various insect pests.
4. Collection and preservation of insects.
5. Viva-voce and practical records.
PAGE 23
Course- V
Semester- II 1+1
INTRODUCTORY PLANT PATHOLOGY
1. Definition and importance of plant pathology.
2. Causes of plant diseases.
3. Classification of plant diseases according to cause and occurrence.
4. Plant Pathogens:
(a) Fungis
(i) Economic importance and general characteristics.
(ii) Morphology of different vegetative structures (thallus, mycelium, haustoria, etc.)
(iii) Reorduction
(iv) Different types of spores.
(v) Levels of parasitism
(vi) Nomenclature
(vii) Classification of fungi with special reference to genera listed under item (viii)
Life histories of Pythium, albugo. Erysiphe, Ustilago Clareicaps and
Puccinia. ]
(ix) Diagnositic characters of the following genera, Phytophthora, Peronospora,

Sclerospora, Ustilago, Sphacelotheca, Tolyposporium, Melampsora, alternaria,
Cerospora, Fusarium, Helminthosporium Pyricularia, Rhizoctonia, Colletrotrichum.
PAGE 24
(b) Bacteria:
(i) Brief history of bacteria as plant pathogens.
(ii) Morphology and Cell structure.
(iii) Vegetative reproduction.
(iv) Brief outline of classification of plant pathogenic bacteria.
(v) A brief account of mycoplasma.
(c) Viruses
(i) Nature and properties.
(ii) Transmission of plant virus
(d) Phanerogamic parasites: Cucuta, Loranthuus, Orobanche and striga.
Practical
1. Temporary slide preparation of representative genera of disease causing fungi for

morphological studies
2. Simple staining of bacteria from milk and curd
3. Preparation of PDA
4. Practical record
5. Viva voce
PAGE 25
Course- VI
Semester- II 3+1
ELEMENTARY PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY
1. Scope of biochemistry.
2. Carbohydrates - Definition, Classification, Chemistry and Structural formula of the

following
(a) Monosaccharides - D Glucose, D. fructose, D. Galactose
(b) Oligosaccharides - Sucrose, Maltose, Lactose.
(c) Polysaccharides - Starch, Cellulose, Inulin.
3. Proteins - definition, classification, composition, important functions Primary and

secondary Structure of protein, Biological significance of proteins.
4. Amino acids - Classification, properties of Amino acids structure of the following

amino acids- Glycine, Tryptophane, Aspartic acid, serine, lysine, Histidine,
Methionine, protein; Essential and non-essential amino acids, Nutritional
significance of amino acids.
5. Lipids- Definition, classification, properties and structural formula of the following

saturated fatty acids (Butyric acid, caproic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid) and
unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid, Liniolenic acid, erucic acid).
6. Enzyme - Occurrence, nomenclature, classification, mechanism of action, general

properties and factors effecting the rate of enzyme action, coenzyme-A.
7. Vitamins - Classification, biochemical functions and structural formula of vit. A,

thiamine, raboflavin, Vit. B12 Ascorbic acid, vit. D.
PAGE 26
8. Phytohormones - Occurrence, structure and functions of important plant growth

substances viz. Auxins, gibberellins, cytokimuis and Abscisic acid.
9. Alkaloids - Occurrence, classification, uses general properties and Biological

significance of alkaloids. Structural formula of Conine Nicotine and Papaverine.
10. Nucleic acid - structural formula of Pyrimidines and Purines, Nucleosides and
N<ucleotides Watson and crick model of DNA.
Practical
1. Qualitative test of important sugars, proteins and alkaloids.
2. Estimation of starch in plants.
3. Estimation of reducing and non reducing sugars in cane juice and jaggery.
4. Separation and identification of amino acid by paper chromatography.
5. Iodometric titration.
6. Estimation of Diastase enzyme in plants.
7. Estimation of Ca by EDTA method.
8. Practical record
9. Viva Voce
PAGE 27
Course- VII
Semester- II 3+1
INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE
ECONOMICS AND FARM MANAGEMENT ECONOMICS
A. Natural Resource Economics
1. Definition, subject matter and scope of economics.
2. Definition, subject matter and significance of agricultural economics.
3. Primitive and scientific Agriculture. Characteristics and Indian agriculture; major

problems including causes of low productivity.
4. Economic Development, role of agriculture Technological change in agriculture

and various inter-relationships.
5. Task of an economic system, role of economic theory in agriculture.
6. Different Land reforms measures.
B. Farm Management Economics
1. Definition and scope of farm economics and management
2. Farm Management and production economics. Agricultural Economics and

industrial Economics-Similarities and differences.
3. Law of Diminishing, Returns/Principle of variable Proportions laws of return, scale

properties, Law of Equi-mangiral Returns, Law of such situation, opportunity
cost/opportunity Returns, Law of comparative advantage.
4. Production Function, productivity curves, least cost combination of inputs,

Principle of conbining Enterprises Determination of Optumum output.
PAGE 28
5. Cost concepts and Principles, Cost Relationship and curves.
6. Farm Records and Accounts.
7. Methods of valuation and depreciation of assets.
8. Types of farming: Diversified, General farm, subsistence or Marginal farming,

specialized farms, Mixed farming, Ranching and Dry farming.
9. Systems of farming Cooperative farming, peasant farming, state farming,

collective farming and capitalistic farming.
10. Tools of Farm Management: Farm Budgeting (Complete and partial budgeting)
and farm planning, Linear Programming (Graphical method).
Practical:
1. Socio-economic survey and collection of data, classification and tabulation with

special reference to natural resources of a village.
2. Study of a farm holding (resources, enterprises, costs, profit and complete farm
economy) of the allotted farmer by cost-accounting method.
3. Preparation of an alternative farm plan for the farmer.
4. Submission of Report.
5. Practical record
6. Viva Voce
PAGE 29
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-III
(14+8)
Sl. Department Credit Title of the course

No. Hours
1. Agronomy 2+1 Cereals Millets, and pulses crops (field

crops Kharif Crops)
2 Plant Breeding & Genetics 2+1 Principal of plant breeding
3 Agriculture Engineering 2+1 Farm Power and Machinery
4 Soil Conservation 2+1 Environmental Science Agro Ecology
5 Agriculture Economics 2+1 Agriculture marketing, export and

cooperation
6 Horticulture 2+1 Vegetable Production
7 Agriculture Chemistry Soil 2+1 Elementary Soil microbiology
Science
8 Agronomy 0+1 Practical crop production
PAGE 30
Course- I
Semester- III 2+1
CEREALS, MILLETS, AND PULSE CROPS
(Field Crops of Kharif)
Importance, origin, distribution, climate, varieties soil preparation, seed & sowing,
manuring and irrigation, plant protection, harvesting and processing of the following
crops, under different agroclimatic conditions of U.P.
A. Cereal Crops : Paddy, Maize
B. Millet Crops : Sorghlum and Pearlmillet
C. Oil seed : Groundnut, Til, castor
D. Pulse Crops : Pigeon Pea, Urdbean, Moongbean,

Soybean, Cowpea.
E. Fibre Crops : Cotton, Jute, Sunhemp, Mesta
F. Green Manure crops : Sann - Hemp and Dhencha
G. Fodder Crops : Sorghum, Pearlmillet, Maize, Napier,

Sudan grass, cluster, bean, cowpea
H. Cash crops : Sugarcane, Tobacco
Practical
1. Identification of crop-seeds, plants and associated weeds.
PAGE 31
2. Practical knowledge of operations from sowing to harvesting of kharif crops

included in theory course.
3. Judging of maturity and estimation of yields.
4. Study of crop production techniques at different farms.
5. Calculation of seed and fertilizer requirement of crops.
6. Preparation of seed beds of important crops.
7. Visit to farms of University and Institutes.
8. Practical record
9. Viva Voce
PAGE 32
Course- II
Semester- III 2+1
PRINCIPLES OF PLANT BREEDING
1. Plant Breeding-history, objectives and scope.
2. Mode of reproduction in crop plants in relation to breeding techniques.
3. Plant variation kind and causes.
4. Genetic consequences of self and cross pollinated crops.
5. Plant Introduction and exploration.
6. Breeding cross methods for self cross and asexually propagated crops.
7. Male sterility and its importance.
8. Polyploidy and mutation breeding.
Practical
1. Technique of emasculation and artificial pollination in important crops.
2. Skeleton of different breeding procedures.
3. Practical record.
4. Viva-voce.
PAGE 33
Course- III
Semester- III 2+1
FARM, POWER AND MACHINERY
1. Sources of Farm power :- Their merits and demerits, renewable energy – biogas
plant, components of wind mill, collection and storage of solar radiations.
Farm mechanization :- concept, benefits, scope, limiting factors and suggestions.
2. Working principles of otto & diesel cycle engines, construction and working of
four and two stroke cycle engines, common engine troubles – causes and
remedies, terminology related to IC engines, calculations on IHP, BHP, FHP,
mechanical efficiency, comparison ratio, pis displacement and volumetric
efficiency.
3. Classification of tractors elementary knowledge abort main components of tractor

and their functions steering clutches, transmission differential, final drive, brakes,
belt pulley, pto shaft and hydraulic lift, method of starting and stopping of tractors.
General care and maintenance of tractor. Calculation of cost of operation of a
tractor.
4. Selection, care and maintenance of electric motors in the farm, role of switches
and fuses, electric fencing, electric meter reading, calculation on units consumed
by electrical appliances and ohm’s law.
5. Study of construction, working principles, troubles and adjustments of the

following machines.
Discplough, disc harrow, seed drill, planter, reaper, mower, threshers, combine
sprayers and dusters calculation of area covered power requirement and efficiency of
above machines.
PAGE 34
Practical:
1. Study of construction of four stroke and two stroke cycle engines operating
and running of diesel engines.
2. Study of tractors systems tractor driving practice.
3. Study of disc plough, study of seed drill plants and its calibration, study of
thresher and combine.
4. Visits to places of engineering interest.
5. Identification of different work shop tools and machines and their used.
6. Practical record
7. Viva Voce
PAGE 35
Course- IV
Semester- III 2+1
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND AGRO ECOLOGY
1. Ecology - definition, division and significance.
2. The Environment - environmental management and control of pollution,

affecting plant growth a biotic and biotic isothere interaction.
3. Eco-system major ecosystems, energy and its flow in ecosystem biochemical

cycles and nutrient cycles.
4. Plant community - classification composition, and study of plant community

structure.
5. Plant adoption - ecological classification of plants and their morphological

anatomical and physiological adaptations to adverse environments hydrophytes,
xerophytes, measophytes, epiphytes and halophytes
6. Ecological problems of major crops-cereals, millets, pulses and oilseeds
Practical
1. To record temperature, relative humidity and light intensity value of the

atmosphere.
2. To study the community by quadrat method by determining plant structure

different species of crops.
3. To study the getution of the give area by a phyloinic method, biological spectrum
method.
4. To determine the biomass production in the given area.
PAGE 36
5. To record abiotic components- pH, temperature, light intensity, turgidity and

pond ecosystem.
PAGE 37
Course- V
Semester- III 2+1
AGRICULTURE MARKETING, EXPORT AND COOPERATION
A. Agricultural Marketing:
1. Market, Meaning, scope and classification of markets. Definition of agricultural

marketing.
2. Marketable surplus, marketed surplus. Integrated marketing.
3. General theory of markets and marketing.
4. Production and market supply.
5. Price Determination and price analysis under different market structures.
6. Marketing Functions and services.
7. Marketing costs margins and efficiency.
8. Defects of Present system of marketing of agricultural produce. Steps taken by the

Indian Government and possibilities of improvements.
9. Fixation of agricultural Prices.
10. Marketing Institutions: Regulated and cooperative markets.
11. Market Research.
B. Export.
1. The concept of export as a district business activity in agricultural sector of the

Indian economy, its importance and role in economic development.
PAGE 38
2. Policies of export of food grains and agricultural commodities pursued by the

Indian Government.
3. Import vs. export value of cereals and other agricultural commodities.
C. Cooperation
1. Maning and Concept of Cooperation, principles of Cooperation (Equality,

universality, distributive, justice, democracy, unity, honorary services voluntarism).
Place of thrift in cooperation, economic planning and cooperation.
2. History and Progress of cooperative movement in India.
3. National cooperative federations, courses of slow growth of agricultural

cooperatives, suggestions for rapid development. National Bank for Agriculture
and Rural development (1982).
4. Cooperative farming: Meaning thereof, New classification cooperative farming,

cooperative joint farming, cooperative collective farming. Advantages thereof.
Reasons for apathy of farmers in adopting cooperative joint farming.
Practical
1. Survey of a market (mandi) both primary and secondary (atleast one each).
2. Case studies of marketing of a minor and a major commodity w.r.t. marketing

channels costs margin and price spread over.
3. Study of a (i) cooperative marketing society (ii) a warehouse functioning market

(iii) a regulated market and (iv) a cold storages.
4. Submission of a report on the above four aspects.
5. Practical record
PAGE 39
6. Viva Voce
PAGE 40
Course- VI
Semester- III 2+1
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
Importance and scope of vegetable production in India; Classification of

vegetables. Types of vegetable gardens; Culture and seed production of major vegetable
like Potato, Brinjal, Chillies, Tomato, Cauliflower, Cabbage, Onion, Bottle gourd,
Muskmelon, Watermelon, Okra, Radish, Carrot, Pea and leafy vegetables. Protected
cultivation of vegetables.
Practical
1. Nursery raising of vegetable crops.
2. Production of seeds in vegetable available at the time of course.
3. Layout and visit of commercial vegetable farms and kitchen gardens.
4. Cost of cultivation studies in Potato, Tomato, Cauliflower and Okra.
5. Practical record and posters
6. Viva Voce
PAGE 41
Course- VII
Semester- III 2+1
ELEMENTARY SOIL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Definition, scope and importance of microbiology.
2. A brief survey of microbiology:
(i) Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
(ii) Types of microorganisms : algae, protozoa, fungi, bacteria and viruses.
(iii) Size relationships.
3. Simple staining and gram staining techniques of bacteria.
4. Characteristics of gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
5. Classification of bacteria (only important groups)
6. An elementary idea of general characteristics, classification and reproduction of

fungi, algae and protozoa.
7. Biogeochemical cycles: Nitrogen, Carbon, Sulphur and Phosporous cycles.
8. General structure of bacteriophage and replication.
9. Sterilization and disinfection.
Practical
1. Study of different parts of light compound microscope and their functions.
2. Gram staining of bacteria.
3. Preparation of nutrient broth, Czapek’s and Richard’s media.
4. Identification of algae, fungi and protozoa.
5. Practical record
6. Viva voce.
PAGE 42
Course- VIII
Semester- III 0+1=1
PRACTICAL CROP PRODUCTION
In this course, team of about 10 students will be given a sizable plot of land (100
sq.m. minimum) for a full year. The team will manage crop production enterprise from a
to z including maintenance of account and preparation of balance sheet. No paid labours
will be supplied and other inputs will be supplied on loan and their cost will be deducted
from the receipt of the enterprise. The net profit will be distributed among the students.
To cope with natural calamities a revolving fund will be raised by deducting 10% amount
from net profit every year. The evaluation of students will be done on the basis of actual
working units, share in profit, oral examination and maintenance of accounts and records.
PAGE 43
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-IV
(12+6)
S. No. Department Credit Title of the course

Hours
1. Agronomy 2+1 Oil seeds commercials crops fields crops-

II Rabi crops
2 Plant Breeding & Genetics 2+1 Breeding of field crops
3 Soil Conservation 2+1 Principles of soil physics and

conservation, soil survey
4 A.H. & Dairying 2+1 Livestock production and management
5 Agricultural Zoology & 2+1 Economic Entomology

Entomology
6 Horticulture 2+1 Fruit production including plantation

crops
7 Agronomy 0+1 Practical Crop Production
PAGE 44
Course- I
Semester- IV 2+1
OIL SEEDS COMMERCIAL CROPS
Field Crops II
RABI CROPS
Importance, origin, distribution, climate, improved varieties, agronomic practices

manuring and irrigation, plant protection, harvesting and processing of the following
crops under various agro climatic conditions of U.P.
A. Cereal Crops : Wheat, Barley, Oats
B. Oilseed Crops : Rapeseed and mustard, Linseed, Sunflower
C. Pulse crops : Chickpea, fieldpea Lentil, Rajmash
D. Fodder Crops : Oats, Berseem, Lucene
E. Cash Crops : Potato and Mentha
Practical
Studies the practical course for the field crops I with suitable allegation of
crops included in the syllabus.
PAGE 45
Course- II
Semester- IV 2+1
BREEDING OF FIELD CROPS
1. Origin, distribution and objectives.
2. Breeding problems, systematic description and economic importance.
3. Breeding methods adopted and achievements with reference to following

crops:
(a) Cereals : Wheat, rice and maize
(b) Millets : Sorghum and pennisetum
(c) Pulses : Gram, Pea and arhar
(d) Oil-seeds : Mustard and groundnut
(e) Others : cotton and potato
Practical
1. Identification of important varieties of above mentioned corps.

2. Systematic description and artificial hybridization and above mentioned
crops.
3. Significant research advances made in above mentioned corps.
4. Practical record
5. Viva-voce.
PAGE 46
Course- III
Semester- IV 2+1
PRINCIPLES OF SOIL PHYSICS AND CONSERVATION, SOIL SURVEY
Physical properties of soil and their determination.
Definition and importance of soil conservation in agriculture. History of soil

conservation in India.
Soil survey, definition Land use capability classification different types of soil in
India.
Soil erosion, definition types, mechanics and causes of erosion. Factors affecting
soil erosion. Agronomical practices for soil and water conservation. Engineering practices
for erosion control such as banding, terracing, temporary and permanent structure for
Gully control. Grassed water ways. Water harvesting.
Wind erosion mechanics, control, sand dune fixation, shifting cultivation.
Survey, measurement of distance, direction and elevation.
Role of grasses and forests in soil conservation, farm forestry, social forestry.
Practical
1. Familiarization with chain survey equipments.

2. Exercises on chain survey.
3. Familiarization with prismatic compass (P.C.)
4. Open traversing by chain and P.C.,
5. Closed traversing by Chain and P.C.
6. Calculation of included angles.
7. Study and adjustment of Dumpy level (D.L.)
8. Differential leveling by D.L.
PAGE 47
9. Profile leveling by D.L.

10. Calculation of Reduced level.
11. Construction and design of bunds with calculation of earth work.]
12. Calculation of infiltration rate and bulk density.
13. Visit to soil conservation research centre for erosion control.
14. Practical record
15. Viva Voce
PAGE 48
Course- IV
Semester- IV 2+1
LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
Importance of livestock in Agriculture, Relationship of plants with animal

Husbandry Dairy under specialized and mixed farming. Livestock and milk
production statistics. Basic anatomy and physiology of cattle with special reference
to digestion, Reproduction and Lactation.
Breeds, and Breeding methods of livestock and their consequences. Artificial

insemination. Methods and basis of selection, measurement of relationship.
Pasture management, Importance of scientific Feeding, Feeding standard.

Forage crops and their conservation.
Care and management of Milk cow at after calving. Housing of dairy animals.
Raising of calves and record keeping methods.
Signs of illness, control measures of disease. Classification of diseases.

Modes of transmission. Prevention and treatment of disease of bovine (H.S., R.P.,
B Q. Anthrax, Brucelloses, Mastitis, Milk fever, F,M.D.) Quanantime, sanitation and
first aids.
Practical
Study of external body parts, study of phenotypic and physiological difference

between cow and buffaloes. Zebu Vs Taurses. Estimation of body weight
measurements, Marking, doeking, Dehorning and eastration of different classes of
animals. Computation of balanced ration for different classes of animals.
PAGE 49
Maintenance of farm records, Grooming, Artificial Vagina. Determining

temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate of farm animals.
PAGE 50
Course- V
Semester- IV 2+1
ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
1. Economic importance of insects, nature and extent of damage, life history and
management of the major insect pests of following crops as mentioned against
them:
Paddy Leptocorisa variconis, Hieroglyphus Spp., Nilaparvata

lugens, Nephotetix, spp., Mythimna separate.
Jower Maize Chilo partellus, Atherigona varascoccate.
Sugarcane Tryporyza novella, Emmalocera depressella, Pyrilla

prepussila, Aleurolobus barodensis.
Cotton Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias Spp., Sylepta

derogala, Dysdercus Spp., Bomisia tabci, Amrasca
blouttula.
Oilseeds Lipaphis erysimi, Athalia proxima Bagrada

Cruciferarun Dasyneura lini.
Pulses Helicoverpa armigera Agrotis Spp., Etiella Zinckenella,

Melanagromyza obtuse, Phytomyze atriornis.
Pests of Fruit crops Drosicha Mangiferae idioscopus Spp., Papilio

Demeclius, Diaphorina citri Phyllocnistis citrelia,
Otheris Spp. Virechois isocrates. Eriosoma lanigerum.
PAGE 51
Quadraspidiotus permincousus.
Pest of Vegetable Leucinodes orbonalis, Epitachna viontioclopunctate.
Crops Raphidoplapa foveicollis, Dacus Cucurbitae, Plutella

Xylostella.
Pests of Stored Grains Sitophilus oryzae, Trogoderma granarium, Tribullum

castaneum, sitotroga cerealella, callsobruchus
chinensis
Polyphagus pests Odontotermes abesus, Schistocerca gregaria,

Holotirichia consanquincea spilosoma oblique,
spodoptera litura, Amsecta Spp.
2. Elementary knowledge of APICULTURE and LAC-CULTURE.
Practical
1. Collection, mounting and preservation of insect pests of crops stages.

2. Filed and laboratory acquaintance with insect pests, the various stages and
damaged materials.
3. Technical knowledge of honey, silk and lac production.
4. Filed application of insecticidal formulations.
5. Practical record and Viva-voce.
PAGE 52
Course- VI
Semester- IV 2+1
FRUIT PRODUCTION INCLUDING PLANTATION CROPS
Importance, scope and present position of fruit and plantation corps in India,
Selection of site and establishment of Orchads. Practices involved in the production and
rejuvenation of fruit crops: Mango, Guava, Citrus sp., Banana, Grape, Litchi, Papaya,
Loquat, Aonla, Ber, Jackfruit, Apple and Peach. Production techniques of plantation crops:
Coconut, Cashew nut, Tea, Coffee and Rubber.
Practical
1. Identification of Fruit; and plantation crops.
2. Orchard layout and planting.
3. Propagation methods of fruits and plantation crops.
4. Management practices of fruit plants protection and post harvest management.
5. Application of plant growth regulations.
6. Visit to orchards, nurseries and research centers of fruits and plantation crops.
7. Practical Record and posters
8. Viva Voce
PAGE 53
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-V
(12+9)

Hours
1. Plant Breeding & Genetics 1+1 Introduction to plant Biotechnology
2 A.H. & Dairying 2+1 Milk and milk processing
3 Horticulture 2+1 Post harvest management of fruits and

vegetables
4 Ag. Zoology & Entomology 2+2 Crop pest and integrated pest
management
5 Agronomy 1+1 Weed management.
6 Plant Pathology 2+2 Crop disease and their management

(plant pathology)
7. Ag. Chemistry Soil Science 2+1 Soil fertility and fertilizers
PAGE 54
Course- I
Semester- V 1+1
INTRODUCTION TO PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Definition scope and importance of plant biotechnology.
2. Plant tissue culture.
(i) Culture media used in plant tissue culture.
(ii) Somaclonal and gametoclonal variation in plants.
(iii) Micro-propagation of plants.

(iv) Application of plant tissue culture in crop improvement.
3. Outlines of basic steps involved in plant, biotechnology/genetic engineering such

as:
(a) Isolation of plant DNA and vector DNA
(b) Restriction digestion of DNA by endonucleases.
(c) Electrophoresis of restricted DNA fragments.
4. Cloning vectors for recombinant DNA such as-
(a) Ti-plasmic vector for higher plants.
(b) Plant viruses such as cauliflower mosaic virus (Ca MV), tobacco mosaic virus
(TMV) and gemineae virus as vectors.
5. Application of plant genetic engineering in crop improvement.
Practical:
1. Sterilization of equipments, glassware and culture media by hot air oven, wet
and surface sterilization techniques.
PAGE 55
2. Preparation of culture media for meristem, embryo and anther culture.
3. Practical Record.
4. Viva – Voce.
PAGE 56
Course- II
Semester- V 2+1
MILK AND MILK PROCESSING
1. Milk:
Milk and its secretion, composition of colostrums and milk of different species. Physico-
chemical properties of colostrums and milk. Factors affecting the quantity and quality of
milk produced. Clean and safe milk production. Microorganism of milk and their
functions. Agencies engaged in handling, transportation, and distribution of milk. Pricing
of milk.
2. Definition and composition of milk:
Market milk, filled milk, recombined, reconstituted milk, standard milk, toned and
double toned milk and skimmed milk.
3. Milk Processing:
Processing of milk, Filtration, clarification bactofugation pasteurization ultra high

temperature treatment, homogenization, sterilization, cooling and chilling of milk.
Membrane filtration and revese oxmosin processes.
Practical:
1. Sampling of milk.
2. Determination of specific gravity by lactometer and westphal balance. Fat test

by Gerber’s method, total solid and SNF percentage by Richmond’s scale and formula.
3. Assessment of quality of milk by simple tests like C.O.B. Alcohal test,

and Sediment test.
4. Determinations of acidity of milk.
PAGE 57
5. Calculations on standardization and adulteration of milk.
6. Practical record
7. Viva voce.
PAGE 58
Course-III
Semester- V 2+1
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES
Importance and scope of post harvest management of fruits and vegetables. Post
harvest deterioration of fruits and vegetables. Techniques of prolonging the life of fruits
and vegetables. Handing grading and packing of fruits and vegetables for market.
Practical
1. Practical knowledge of harvesting, handling, grading.
2. Pre cooling, waxing and use of chemicals to prolong the post harvest life of fruits
and vegetables.
3. Visit to storage and centers carrying improved practices of post harvest handling.
4. Bottling of green peas, canning and dehydration of seasonal fruits and vegetables.
5. Preparation of Apple jam, Guava jelly, Lime and Orange squashes, Aonla and Bael
preserves, Tomato Juice and ketchup.
6. Practical record and posters.
7. Viva – Voce.
PAGE 59
Course-IV
Semester- V 2+2
CROP PESTS AND INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
1. Basic principles of pest out- breaks and their economic status.

2. Methods of insect control; including mechanical. Physical, cultural, biological,
legal and chemical control use of insecticides repellents and antifieedants.
Attractants. Chemosterilants. Pheromones, insect growth regulators.
3. Basic concept of integrated pest management.
4. Elementary knowledge of plant protection equipments.
5. Plant protection organization at the state and national level.
6. Rodents, Mites and Mollusks – A General account.
7. Insect vectors transmitting plant diseases.
Practical
1. Collection and preservation of established predators and parasites.

2. Field and laboratory acquaintance with non-insect pests and their damaged
materials.
3. Dilution and application of insecticides.
4. Handling of plant protection equipments.
5. Practical record and viva-voce.
PAGE 60
Course-V
Semester- V 1+1
WEED MANAGEMENT
(A) Definition, classification and general characteristics of weeds, Losses caused by

weeds.
(B) Principles and methods of solving weed problem.
(C) Weed control schedules for important field crops of U.P.
(D) Integrated weed management system and its importance.
(E) Control of Abnoxious weeds viz. Sedge grass, Kane, Baisuri and satyanasi.
PRACTICAL
1. Identification and preservation of important weeds of locality.
2. Calculation on quantities of herbicides, weed control efficiency and weed index.
3. Calculation of cost involved in different weed control schedules.
PAGE 61
Course-VI
Semester- V 2+2
CROP DISEASES AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
(PLANT PATHOLOGY)
1. General Symptoms of plant diseases.

2. Methods of plant diseas control.
3. Preliminary knowledge of different groups of fungicides.
4. Study of the symptoms, etiology, mode of perpetuation and control of the
following disease:
(i) Early and late blights of potato.
(ii) White rust of crucifers.
(iii) Green ear disease and Ergot of bajra.
(iv) Powdery mildew, loose smut, karnal bunt and rusts of wheat.
(v) Coveredd smut of barely.
(vi) Grian smut of Jowar
(vii) Bajra smut
(viii) Rust of linseed
(ix) Let shos of tikka disease of groundnut
(x) Wilt of arher
(xi) Stripe diease of barely
(xii) Red rot of sugarcane
(xiii) Blast of rice.
(xiv) Citrus canker
(xv) Kharia disease of paddy and Black tip of mango.
(xvi) Tobacco mosaic
(xvii) Yellow vein mosaic
PAGE 62
(xviii) Yellow vein mosaic of bhindi

(xix) Bean common Mosaic
(xx) Mosaics of potato
(xxi) Little leaf of brinjal.
Practical
(i) Diagnosis of important disease by studying symptoms.

(ii) Microscopic examination of diseased parts.
(iii) Preparation of Bordeaux mixture.
(iv) Practical record
(v) Viva voce.
PAGE 63
Course-VII
Semester- V 2+1
SOIL FERTILITY AND FERTILIZERS
1. Soil fertility concept, soil productivity, cactors influencing soil fertility,

maintenance of soil productivity.
2. Essential plant nutrients, Criteria of essentiality, functions, deficiency Symptoms,
Critical levels of deficiency and toxicity.
3. Mechanism of uptake and transport of minerals salts in plants.
4. Soil fertility evaluation, soil and plant analysis, tissue tests.
5. Mineralization and immoblilization of N and fixation and availability of P and K in
soil.
6. Fertilizers- definition, classification, characteristics, reactions of fertilizer in soil,
important fertilizer elements- Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, zinc,
Mixed and complex fertilizers Manufacture of urea, ammonium sulphate,
superphoshate and marinate of potash. Organic sources of nutrients, digested
sludge, manure, compost and green manures.
7. Elementary idea of bio-fertilizers.
8. Integrated nutrient management (INM) concept. Elementary idea of INM models,
integrated nutrient management and soil health.
Practical
Analysis of N. P. and K in fertilizers. Determination of availability of NPK and S in

soil. Elementary idea of determination of micronutrients in soil. Plant Tissue tests.
PAGE 64
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-VI
(10+6)

Hours
1. Agronomy 2+1 Dry land farming and water shed

management
2 Soil conservation 2+1 Silviculture and agro-forestry
3 Horticulture 1+1 Production Technology of medicinal,

aromatic and spices medicinal and
aroma crops
4 Agriculture Chemistry Soil 2+1 Management of Problematic Soils
Science
5 Animal Husbandry and 2+1 Dairy Chemistry and animal nutrition

Dairying
6 Ag. Statistics & Maths. 1+1 Computer Applications
PAGE 65
Course-I
Semester- VI 2+1
DRY LAND FARMING AND WATER SHED MANAGEMENT
1. Definition, Characteristics and extent of rain fed/dry land farming areas in the
country and the state of U.P.
2. Problems in dry land agriculture.
3. Moisture conservation practices and use of antitranspirants in dry land farming.
4. Watershed management concept, Principles and practices.
5. Selection of suitable crops, crop relations and crop mixtures for various categories
of rain fed areas.
Practical
1. Preparation of crop rotations and cropping schemes for rain fed farming and
dry land agriculture.
2. Determination of Soil Moisture constants.
3. Studies on moisture depletion pattern in rain fed farming.
4. Study of practical application of antitiranspirants.
5. Visit to Dry farming research stations.
6. Maintenance of practical record.
7. Viva Voce
PAGE 66
Course-II
Semester- VI 2+1
SILVICLTURE AND AGRO-FORESTRY
(A) Silviculture:
1. Definition and scope of silviculture, Forestry, its scope and classification.
2. Role of forests- geographic, productive and bioaesthetical.
3. Elementary idea of forest types.
4. Regeneration of forests.
(a) Natural seed production, seed dispersal, germination and seedling

establishment.
(b) Artificial Afforestation, reforestation and their objectives. Choice of

tree species nursery techniques.
(B) Agroforestry
1. Definition, concept and need of agro forestry.
2. Classification of agro forestry systems.
3. Prominent agro forestry system prevailing in Uttar Pradesh.
4. Limitations of agro forestry, choice of tree species for agro forestry for fuel,
fodder and timber requirement.
PAGE 67
Practical
1. Afforestation, techniques of problematic sites viz. ravines, saline-alkali soils,

waterlogged areas, arid areas, hilly areas; roadside and canal bank
plantation
2. Nursery techniques- Numerical problems.
3. Numerical problems on planting and cost of earthwork estimation.
4. Identification of forest tree species.
5. Practical Record
6. Viva Voce
PAGE 68
Course-III
Semester- VI 1+1
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF MEDICINAL AROMIATIC AND

SPICES CROPS
1. Importance and scope of medicinal, aromatic and spices crops.
2. Cultivation of Mentha, Citronella, Khus, Ocimum, Rauvolifia and Dioscoria.
3. Cultivation of Turmeric, Zinger, Coriander, Zira Fenugreek and Saunf in North

Indian Condition.
Practical
1. Identification of common medicinal and aromatic plants.
2. Calculation of the cost of cultivation of Mentha, Citronella, Rauvolfia, Dioscorea,

Turmeric, Coriande and Fenugreek.
3. Identification and demonstration of spices in the course in the field conditions.
4. Visit to commercial growing places and research stations of the medicinal,

aromatic medicinal and spices crops.
5. Practical Record and posters
6. Viva Voce
PAGE 69
Course-IV
Semester- VI 2+1
MANAGEMENT OF PROBLEMATIC SOIL
Management of Problem soil
1. Saline and sodic soils- Occurrence classification, formation, diagnosis,

characteristics and management.
2. Acid Soils- occurrence, formation, diagnosis, characteristics and management.
3. Waterlogged soils- occurrence, characteristics and management.
4. Eroded soils: Occurrence characteristics and management.
Management of Wasteland
5. Definition, classification, distribution and extent of wastelands in India with

particular reference to U.P. and their Management.
6. Factors responsible for land degradation and characteristics of different types of

wastelands.
7. Soil Management in Arid and Semiarid areas and sand dune Stabilization.
Practical
1. Determination of pH, EC, gypsum requirement, lime requirement in problem soil.
2. Determination of specific gravity, bulk density, pore space, soil texture.
3. Visit to Area of problem soil.
4. Practical Record
5. Viva Voce
PAGE 70
Course-V
Semester- VI 2+1
DAIRY CHEMISTRY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
Unit-1 Principles of quality control. Plate-form and laboratory tests. Legal

standards of milk and milk product, dahi, ghee, chhana, butter ecological
mil, ice- cream. Chemical changes occurring during storage of milk.
Preservation of milk. Adulteration of milk and its detection
Unit-II Chemistry of milk constituents viz. lactose, fat, protein, enzymes

and vitamins.
Unit-III Role of feed constituents. The metabolism of fat, carbohydrate and protein.
Unit-IV Role of minerals, harmons, vitamins and antibiotics in animals feeding with
special reference to deficiency diseases.
Practical
1. Sampling of milk.
2. Analysis of milk for TS, SNF, Fat, Total ash, Calcium and phosphorus.
3. Determination of lactose and proteins in milk.
4. Analysis of feeds for total ash, CaO, P2O5 and Proteins.
5. Demonstration of estimation of Ether Extract and crude fibre in feeds.
6. Practical Record
7. Viva voce
PAGE 71
Course-VI
Semester- VI 1+1
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
Introduction to computer. A brief history of computing. Data Processing and

information. Use. Definition, Anatomy, Components, Classification of computers.
Capability and limitation of computer. Number systems. Decimal. Binary, octal,
hexadecimal. Character codes. ASCII, EBCDIC, BCD. Computer organization-CPU,
Input-output devices. Various types of memories. Introduction to DOS (Disk
operating system) and windows. Introduction to software package (MS-WORD,
MS-EXCEL). Composition of Mean, Standard Deviation and analysis of
experimental designs : CRD, RBD & LSD through EXCEL.
Practical
1. Practical Based on above topics.

2. Practical Record
3. Viva Voce
PAGE 72
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-VII
(13+7)

Hours
1. Plant Breeding & Genetics 1+1 Principles of seed Production Technology
2 A.H. & Dairying 2+1 Dairy products Technology
3 Ag. Engineering 2+1 Post Harvest Engineering.
4 Agronomy 2+0 Farming system and sustainable

agriculture
5 Agriculture Economic 2+1 Agriculture Finance, Business

management and trade.
6 Agriculture Extension 2+1 Communication, Diffusion of agriculture

innovation
7. Plant Pathology 0+1 Plant Pathology: Mushroom cultivation,
Mushroom culture and elementary plant
Nemetology
8. Horticulture 2+1 Ornamental Horticulture
PAGE 73
Course-I
Semester- VII 1+1
PRINCIPLES OF SEED PRODUCTION TECHNLOGY
1. History and importance of seed technology.

2. Classes of seeds.
3. Characteristics of quality seeds and its importance.
4. General technique of seed production in important agricultural crops.
(i) Cereals - wheat and rice
(ii) Millets - maize, sughum and bajra
(iii) Pulses - chichkpea, pigeonpea, and mung bean
(iv) Oil Seeds - raps seed and mustard, sesamum.
(v) Commercial corps - sugarcane, potato and cotton.
5. Factors affecting seed longevity and quality.
6. Causes of seed deterioration with reference to genetic and storage.
7. Seed testing- importance, procedures, purity, viability and germination.
8. Certification procedure for important filed crops.
Practical
1. Maintenance of seed purity in the field.

2. Field inspection procedure in important crops.
3. Purity analysis, seed moisture, germination, viability and vigour tests.
4. Practical record
5. Viva Voce
PAGE 74
Course-II
Semester- VII 2+1
DAIRY PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
1. Definition, composition and method of manufacture of cream, butter ghee, dahi,

khoa, chhana, paneer, ice cream, condensed milk, milk powder, cheddar and
cottage cheese.
2. Cleaning and sanitization of dairy equipments.
3. Basic principles of refrigeration and cold storage, storage of milk products.
Principles of cooling and heating, Heat transfer equipments.
Practical:
1. Demonstration of cream separation.

2. Demonstration of preparation of cream, butter, ghee, cheese, khoa chhana,
paneer, ice cream and dahi.
3. Calculation on Ice cream milk.
4. Calculation on standardization and Neutralization of cream, over run of butter and
ice cream.
5. Comparative study of cost of different milk products.
6. Practical record
7. Viva voce
PAGE 75
Course-III
Semester- VII 2+1
POST HARVEST ENGINEERING
1. Importance and advantages of processing of agriculture produce.

2. Study of process and equipments involved in cleaning drying. Storage of farm
produce. Rice milling, Pulse-milling, wheat milling, oilseed milling, soyabeen
processing cane- crushing, Chaff cutting and animal feed grinding.
3. Utilization of agricultural by products such as rice husk and straws, rice bran
and Arhar Stalk.
4. Processing and Preservation of foods and seeds.
5. Biomethanation of agricultural and municipal wastes.
Practical
1. Determination of moisture content of grains.
2. Sieve analysis of ground materials.
3. Study of construction, operation, care and maintenance of different processing

equipments.
4. Study of Biogas Plants.
5. Visits of place related to processing of farm produce.
6. Practical record
7. Viva Voce
PAGE 76
Course-IV
Semester- VII 2+1
FARMING SYSTEM AND SUSTANAIBLE AGRICULTURE
1. Farming systems- Definition, types and methods of farming.
2. Definition, scope and advantages of sustainable agriculture.
3. Modern agriculture in relation to sustainable agriculture.
4. Sustainable agriculture in relation to tillage, fertilizers, irrigation, weeds

management and plant protection measures.
5. Important cropping systems for sustainable agriculture.
PRACTICALS
1. Framing crop rotations in relation to sustainable agriculture.
2. Preparation of cropping scheme for sustainable agriculture.
3. To workout the economics of different farming systems.
4. To study the farming system for sustainable agriculture.
5. Maintenance of practical record.
6. Viva – Voce.
PAGE 77
Course-V
Semester- VII 2+1
AGRICULTURE FINANCE, BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND TRADE
A. Agricultural Finance
1. Credit, Meaning, Importance and credit control.
2. Definition, need for finance in agriculture, characteristics of good agriculture

finance (credit)
3. Types of loans and classification of agricultural credit.
4. Qualifications of a borrower, Analysis and three R’s and credit (Return,

Repayment Capacity and Risk-Bearing Capacity). Analysis of three G’s of credit
(character, capacity and capital).
5. Types of loan, according to liquidity, budgeted loan, loan amortization, Even

payment method, Decreasing method.
6. Role and Rural Credit Institutions (Recommendations of the Banking

Commission integrated Scheme of Rural Finance (Credit), Institutional Agencies,
Taccan.
7. Sources of agricultural finance (Commercial banks, RRB, Lead Bank, Lead) Bank,
NABARD, Cooperative Credit (PACs, Land Development Banks, National
cooperative Federation, Farmers Service Cooperatives).
B. Business Management
1. Meaning of management, functions of management role of mangers and scope of

management in agricultural business. Role and objectives in management
references.
2. Decision making by individuals as also by groups.

PAGE 78
3. Functional areas of management and their relationship with agriculture

production, finance, marketing and human resources as coordination thereof.
4. Acquaintance of book-keeping and cash accounts(s).
Knowledge of business environment for operation of bank account cheques,

bank draft etc.
PRACTICALS
PAGE 79
Course-VI
Semester- VII 2+1
COMMUNICATION, DIFFUSION OF AGRICULTURE INNOVATION
Meaning and definition of communication. Communication process, elements and

models of communication. Types of communication. Key communicator Audio visual aids,
their use and effectiveness.
Extension teaching methods- classification, merits and demerits, factors affecting

selection and use of extension teaching methods, Mass Media in Extension.
Differences between interpersonal and Mass Communication.
Meaning and definition of innovation, diffusion, adoption, diffusion effect and

rate of adoption, stages of adoption, factors affecting adoption, elements of difference
between diffusion and communication. Innovation decision process, categories of
adopters, characteristics of innovations.
Practical
1. Preparation and handling of audio-visual aids.
2. Organizing group discussion, campaign, seminar, exhibition and demonstration.
3. Practices in writing news letter, circular letter, radio and television scripts on
different farm practices.
4. Identification of farmers under different adopter’s categories.
5. Collection of information from farmers to determine extent of adoption of a

particular farm practice.
PAGE 80
6. Educational tour to give exposure of selected ICAR & SAU Institutes to all students.
7. Practical record
8. Viva Voce
PAGE 81
Course-VII
Semester- VII 0+1
PLANT PATHOLOGY: MUSHROOM CULTIVATION MUSHROOM

CULTURE AND ELEMENTARY PLANT NEMETOLOGY
Practical
Morphology of edible mushrooms and their classification. Swawn and its

preparation. Methods of Cultivation of different types of edible mushrooms. Mushroom
diseases and ests. Mushroom recipies.
(i) Practical record
(ii) Viva voce
PAGE 82
Course- VIII
Semester- VII 2+1
ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
Importance and scope of ornamental horticulture in India. Cultivation of annuals,

cannas, jasmines, roses, chrysanthemum, marigold and gladiolus. Making and
maintenance of Lawn, Hedge and Edging; Elementary knowledge of common shrubs,
climbers, trees green house plants and their various uses. Indoor gardening; Styles of
gardens with special reference to Mughal and Japanese gardens. Floristry and Flower
arrangement. Techniques to prolong vase life of flowers. Protected cultivation of cut
flowers.
Practical
1. Identification of ornamental plants.
2. Preparation of herbaceous and shrubbery border.
3. Practice of making garlands, Bouquet and flower arrangements in vases.
4. Propagation of ornamental plants.
5. Practice of potting and repotting of plants.
6. Visit to ornamental gardens, green houses and research stations.
7. Practical record and posters
8. Viva voce
PAGE 83
B.Sc. Ag., SEMESTER-VIII
(2+11)

Hours
1. Agriculture Extension 1+1
2 Agriculture Economic 1+1
3 Plant Breeding & Genetics 0+1
(Visit to crop improvement Rural agricultural work

centres, seed processing units experience in all
and seed production farms – departments related to
Govt. and Private). field work
4 Agriculture Chemistry & Soil Sc. 0+1
5 A.H. & Dairying 0+1
6 Agriculture Engineering 0+1
7 Horticulture 0+1
8 Soil conservation 0+1
9 Agronomy 0+1
10- Paint Pathology 0+1
11 Agriculture Zoology & Entomology 0+1
PAGE 84
Semester- VIII
RURAL AGRICULTURAL WORK EXPERIENCE
It is often complained that the agricultural graduates lack professional

competence and cut a fury figure in facing farmers. Keeping this in view the rural
agricultural work experience (RAWE) is included in the programme, in which students will
be exposed to rural (Village) environment for obtaining real life experience on farms. For
this groups of students will be associated with farmers. Agro- industrial units and
agricultural research stations for a period of 3-4 months to work with them on farm,
machines, labs, etc. They will be constantly supervised and evaluated by the faculty and a
detailed report works done by the students during the period will be submitted in the
department for evaluation and rating.
PAGE 85

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DR. BHIM RAO AMBEDKAR UNIVERSITY, AGRA .

S. No. Department Credit Title

1. English 1+1 Structural & Spoken English

2 Agronomy 2+1 Principles of crop Production

3 Ag. Chemistry & Soil Sc. 2+1 Fundamentals of Soil Science

4 Plant Breeding & Genetics 1+1 Elements of Genetics

6 Soil Conservation 1+1 Agricultural Meteorology

7 Agriculture Extension 1+1 Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology

8 Horticulture 2+1 Fundamentals of Horticulture

9. Physical Education 0+1 Physical Education (Only Practical)

STRUCTURAL & SPOKEN ENGLISH

(A) ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMER : A REVISION

1. Study and use of Articles: Pronouns and Prepositions.

(B) SENTENCE STRUCTURE

2. Some common varieties of sentence structure (including errors).

(C) READING COMPREHENSION

Six specified lessons from the following text book:

Name : Glimpses of English Prose.

Author : Dr. O.P. Dixit

Publisher : Sahitya Niketan, Kanpur

(D) WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

1. Letter and application writing

1. Synonyms and antonyms

2. One word substitution

3. Affixes, prefixes and suffixes

1. Speech mechanism-speech event, production of speech, speech organs.

2. Phonetic sounds and symbols-pure vowels, diphthongs and constants

3. Stress and intonation-word-accent (syllable, consonant clusters), stressshift,

4. Accent in connected speech-rhythm, weak forms, intonation etc.

PRINCIPLES OF CROP PRODUCTION

1. Definition and scope of Agronomy.

2. Classification of Crops on Different basis.

5. Nutritional management of crops including application of manures, fertilizers and

1. Study of weather and weather forecasting.

2. Identification of crops, manures and fertilisers.

4. Preparation of seed bed based on important inter-cropping systems.

5. Calculation of fertiliser requirement, fertiliser mixtures and unit values.

6. Methods of fertiliser application.

FUNDAMENTALS OF SOIL SCIENCE

1. Definition of Soil, Components of Soil and their role in agriculture.

3. Soil reaction and its measurements and significance.

4. Chemistry of clay minerals with special reference to Kaoinite,

5. Physical properties of soil, and their significance.

8. Soil of U.P., classification, distribution and characteristics.

9. Elementary idea of soils of India-occurrence, characteristics, physicochemical

10. Basic idea of comprehensive system (7th approximation) of soil classification.

11. Elementary idea of soil survey and Land capability, classification.

12. Occurrence, distribution and functions of Soil Micro-organism. Biological Nitrogen

13. Role and use of Biofertilizers.in Crop Production,

14. Classification and use of Insecticide, Fungicides and herbicides

eg. BNC, DDT, Malthion, & 2,4,D.

1. Preparation of HCL extract of Soil

2. Determination of FeO, R203, Ca and P in HCL extract

3. Determination of soil O.M.

4. Estimation of Cl, C03, HCO3 in soil extract

5. Determination of total nitrogen in soil.

1. Definition, significance and historical development in genetics.

2. Mendel’s Law’s of heredity.