Physical Education (Optional)

Standard: IX & X
CRICKET

Some terms related to cricket

 On Side (Leg side):
That side of field which lies on the left hand side of a right handed Batsman is called onside.
 Off Side:
That side of field which lies on the right hand side of a right handed batsman is called offside.
 Striker and non-striker:
One batsman stands behind each popping crease, near a wicket. The batsman farthest from the bowler is the
striker; the other is the non striker. The striker stands before his wicket, on or near the popping crease in the
batting stance.
 Stance:-2000, 13
The striker stands before his wicket, on or near the popping crease in a batting style is called as stance. The
batsman stands with his bat down in front of wicket, ready to hit the ball which will be bowled from the
other end of the pitch by bowler.
 Footwork:
The necessary steps that a batsman has to take so as to at a comfortable distance from where the ball has
pitched, just right to hit the ball anywhere he desires, neglecting any spin or swing that a bowler attempts to
extract after bouncing.
 Back foot:
In a batsman's stance the back foot is the foot that is closest to the stumps. A bowler's front foot is the last
foot to contact the ground before the ball is released; the other foot is the back foot. Unless the bowler is
bowling off the wrong foot the bowling foot is the back foot.
 Sightscreen:-2002, 07
Sightscreen is a large screen positioned beyond the boundary behind the bowler. It is white when a red ball
is used and black for a white ball.
The size of sightscreen: 2012 = 9.14m X 3.65 m.
Importance: It is used to provide contrast to the ball so that the batsman can see the ball clearly.
 Twelfth man: 2002, 07, 12
It represents a substitute, who takes place of a team player in case of injury or physical harm. OR
He is an extra player mentioned in the team list nominated by the captain / coach / manager.
 Sledging: 08
Using abusive language or insulting opponent during the game so that he loose his concentration and make
mistakes.
 A night watchman:
A night watchman is a batsman who comes into bat out of order towards the end of days play in test match,
in order protect better batsman.
 Opener: 2009
The batsman who comes to bat at the start of the innings for a team is called opener.
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  Batting order: 2009
It is the order in which the players come to bat on the field from the batting team. The batting order of each
team must be on the score sheet lineup card and must be delivered before the game by the manager and
captain.
 Top order:
Those batsmen batting in the top 4 in the batting order are called top-order. These are generally the most
skilled batsmen in the team, equipped with the technique and temperament to continue batting for long
periods, often for hours or a whole day.
 Middle order:
The batsman who bat at between roughly number 5 to 8 in batting order can conclude some all-rounder’s, a
wicket keeper or batsman and specialist bowler with some skill at batting.
 Lower order (Tail-ender):
The batsmen who bat at between roughly number 8 and 11 in the batting order and who may have some skill
at batting, but are generally either specialist bowlers or wicket-keepers with limited batting ability. Such
batsmen are known as lower order batsmen or tail-enders.
 Partnership:
The number of runs scored between a pair of batsmen before one of them gets dismissed. This also includes
the deliveries faced and time taken. There are ten partnerships per completed innings, labeled from first
wicket partnership to tenth wicket partnership, in order.
 A rabbit:
A rabbit is a player who is very poor batsman. Mostly he comes at 9th or 10th position.
 A ferret:
A ferret is a player who is extremely poor batsman. He mostly comes at 11th number position.
 Pinch hitter:
A lower order batsman promoted up the batting order to increase the run rate.
 Duck: 2012
If a batsman gets out without scoring any runs, he is said to be out for a duck.
 Golden duck:
If a batsman out for a duck (zero run) while facing the first delivery of his inning is out for a golden duck.
 Diamond duck:
It is a dismissal usually run out without facing a delivery or the dismissal for zero off the first ball of a
team’s innings.
 Ruby duck:
A batsman gets out without facing a ball. E.g. run out without facing a ball or stumped off a wide on the first
ball faced.
 King’s pair (Golden pair):
When a batsman is out without scoring any run, off the first ball he faces in both the inning of a test match is
called as king pair.
 Queen’s pair:
A batsman who gets out for zero runs off the second ball he faces in both innings of a test match is called
queen’s pair.
 Free hit: 2008
If a bowler bowls a no ball by over stepping the popping crease or touching (crossing) the return crease, the
next delivery will be a free hit for the facing batsman. He cannot be out of the free hit except being run out.
 Bowl out:
Cricket version of the penalty shootout will be applied if the semifinal or final are tied. Each team will
nominate five bowlers who will take turn to hit the wicket at the other end. There will be no batsman facing.
The team which achieves the maximum strikes wins the match.
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  Super over:
When T20 match ends in tie and there must be a winner, a super over rule is applied. Each team nominates a
mini team of three batsmen & one bowler and they play a mini match of one over, whoever wins this match
of one over is declared the winner of match.
 Power play: 2012
A block of over’s that In ODI and T20 offer a temporary advantage to the batting side is called as power
play. Or it is mounting pressure over batsman by placing close fielding position (9 players inside 30 yard
circle). It can be in two stages on request by captain.
 Referral:
A system which allows for batting or fielding captain to appeal an umpiring decision to the third umpire.
 Duckworth Lewis method:
A mathematically based rule that derives a target score for the side batting second in a rain affected one day
match.
 Umpire Decision Review System (UDRS, or simply Decision Review System or DRS)
A system which allows the fielding captain or the batsmen to request the third umpire to review the standing
umpires' previous decision using technological aids, in the hope of having a dismissal awarded (in the case
of the fielding captain) or overturned (in the case of the batsman).
 Hawk-Eye (Eagle-Eye):
A computer-generated graphic which tracks the trajectory of a delivery between the bowler and batsman,
and shows the probable trajectory of the ball if it were not hindered by the batsman. Used in an official
capacity by the third umpire to assess LBW decisions under the decision review system. Commentators use
Hawk-Eye as a visual aide to assess bowlers' deliveries, and to assess lbw decisions.
 Played on: 2005
It is a dismissal of the striker when the ball is deflected onto the stumps (wickets) with the bat. The dismissal
however is recorded as bowled.
 Ball tampering: 2005, 13
It is an action in which a fielder illegally alters the condition of the ball to get undue advantage in the swing
of the ball during bowling.
 Hat-trick:-2004, 05, 99
A bowler achieves hat-trick if he dismisses three batsmen with three consecutive deliveries either in the
same over or at the end of one and the beginning of another over.
 Double hat-trick:
Taking four wickets in four consecutive balls, so named because it consists of two overlapping hat-tricks.
 Hat-trick ball:
A delivery bowled after taking two wickets with the previous two deliveries. The captain will usually set a
very attacking field for a hat-trick ball, to maximize the chances of the bowler taking a hat-trick.
 Dot ball:-2000, 01, 04
It is a ball from which no runs are scored and no wicket is taken. It is recorded with a dot in the bowling
analysis.
 Maiden over:-1997, 2001, 03, 04, 12
It is an over in which no runs are scored off the bat and no wide ball or no balls are bowled.
 Wicket maiden:
A maiden over in which the bowler also dismisses a batsman. A double wicket maiden if two wickets are
taken, and so on.
 Overthrow: 2012, 13
If a fielder throws the ball whereas no other fielder is able to stop the throwing ball, thus batsman is able to
score runs or a boundary is scored; such runs are termed as over throw.

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  Grounder:
A ball that reaches the batsman after two or three bounces is called as grounder.
 Toss (Match start):- 1998, 2004, 09
It is a flipping of a coin. The captains shall toss for the choice of innings on the field of play not earlier than
30 minutes nor later than 15 minutes, before the scheduled or rescheduled time for the match to start. No
changes in the team members can be made after the toss.
 Wash out:
A cricket match or a specific day of a cricket match, which is abandoned with either no play or very little
play due to rain.
 Body line bowling: 2004, 08
When the ball comes to the batsman’s body or closer to the body is called body line bowling.
 Body line series: 2000
The ashes series of 1932-33 is referred to as the body line series this is because the English side touring
Australia under Douglas Jordon used what they called the leg theory to keep Australia batsman ,mainly
Donald Bradman, under wraps. It involved their fast bowlers sending down fast, short pitched deliveries
aimed at the batsman’s body. With the leg side packed with the fielders. The batsman had little choice but to
fend off the ball straight to the waiting fielders behind him or to get hit very painfully. England were
successful in winning Ashes and Don Bradman failed scoring at a merely rate of 56.67.
 Target:
The score of team batting second has to score to beat their opponent. This is one run more than what the
team batting first managed.
 Block hole:
The area between where the batsman rests his bat to receive a delivery and his toes. It is the target area for a
Yorker.
 All-rounder:
A player adapt at batting, bowling and fielding. Each team requires all-rounder.
 Batting average:
A batsman’s batting average is defined as the total number of runs conceded by the batsman divided by the
number of times he been dismissed.
 Bowling average:
A bowlers bowling average is defined as the total number of runs conceded by the bowler (including wide
and no balls) divided by number of wickets taken by the bowler.
 Century: 2012
A batsman scoring a ton or on hundred runs.
 Half century:
An individual score of over 50 runs, but not over 100 (century). Reasonably significant landmark for a
batsman and more so for the lower order and the tail-enders.
 Death over’s (slog over’s):
The final 10 over’s in a one day match in which most bowlers are usually hit for lots of runs. Bowlers who
bowl during the death overs are to ‘bowl at the death’.
 Fall of wicket:
The batting teams score at which batsman gets out.
Man of the match:
An award which may be given to the highest scoring batsman, leading wicket taker or best overall performer
in a match.
 Man of the series:
An award which may be given to the highest scoring batsman, leading wicket taker or best overall performer
in a series.
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  Match fixing:
Bribing players of one of the teams to deliberately play poorly with the intention of cashing in on bets on the
result of the game.
 All out:
When an innings is ended due to ten of the eleven batsmen of the batting side being either dismissed or
unable to bat because of illness or injury.
 Asking rate:
The rate at which the team batting needs to score to catch the opponents score in a limited over game.
 Economy rate:
The average number of run scored per over in the bowler’s spell.
 Net run rate (NRR):
The run rate scored by the winning team subtracted by run rate scored by losing team. The winning team
gets positive value, losing team the negative value. In a series, the mean of the NRR for all matches played
by the team is taken. Alternatively, for a series, a team's NRR can be calculated as (total runs scored) / (total
overs received) – (total runs conceded) / (total overs bowled)
 Direct Hit: 2010
A run out attempt in which the throw form deep fieldsman put down the wicket without first being caught by
a fieldsman standing at the stumps.
 Extra (sundry):
It is a run not attributed to any batsman. There are five types’ byes, leg byes, penalties, wide & no balls.
 Fielding extras:
The byes, leg byes and penalties are called Fielding extras.
 Bowling extras:
The wide ball and no ball runs are called as Bowling extras.
 Batting collapse:
A match situation in which many batsmen are dismissed in rapid succession for very few runs. The terms top
order collapse or middle order collapse may be refer to batting collapses in a specific part of the batting
order.
 Break:
A suffix denoting the ball changing direction after pitching caused by the bowler's spin or cut. For example,
a leg spinner will deliver leg breaks (moving from leg to off).
 Caught and bowled:
When a player is dismissed by a catch taken by the bowler. The term originates from the way dismissals are
recorded on a scorecard; the alternative "bowled and caught", referring to the sequence of events in the
chronological order, is almost never used.
 Caught behind:
A catch taken by the wicket-keeper.
 Charge:
When the batsman uses his feet and comes out of his batting crease towards the bowler, trying to hit the ball.
Also known as giving the bowler the charge, or stepping down the wicket.
 Cow corner:
The area of the field (roughly) between deep mid-wicket and wide long-on. So called because few
'legitimate' shots are aimed to this part of the field, so fielders are rarely placed there – leading to the concept
that cows could happily graze in that area.
 Dismissal (Out):
To get one of the batsmen out so that he must cease batting.

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  Drop:
The accidental "dropping" of a ball that was initially caught by a fielder, thus denying the dismissal of the
batsman; when such an event occurs, the batsman is said to have been "dropped".
 Dugout:
A sheltered place just outside the boundary ropes where players sit. Dugouts are a common feature of T20
matches. However, for ODI's and Test matches pavilions are used.
 Pavilion:
The grandstand or building complex where the player's dressing rooms and members of the association or
club owning the ground are seated. The dressing rooms are generally located in the members' area.
 First-class cricket:
The senior form of the game; usually county, state or international. First-class matches consist of two
innings per side and are usually played over three or more days.
 One Day International (ODI):
A match between two national sides limited to 50 overs per innings, played over at most one day.
 Twenty Twenty International (T20):
A match between two national sides limited to 20 overs per innings, played over at most one day.
 Groundsman ( curator):
A person responsible for maintaining the cricket field and preparing the pitch.
 Mis-field:
A fielder failing to collect the ball cleanly, often fumbling a pick-up or dropping a catch.
 Nervous nineties:
The period of batsman's innings when his or her score is between 90 and 99. During this phase many players
bat extremely cautiously in order to avoid being out before they obtain a century.
 No man's land:
An area of the pitch with no fielders near it. Normally used when a batsman mistimes a shot and is lucky that
the ball does not land in a position where it can be caught.
 Not out:
A batsman who is in and has not yet been dismissed, particularly when play has ceased.
or the call of the umpire when turning down an appeal for a wicket.
 Off the mark:
When the first run is scored by a batsman, it is said that the batsman is off the mark. If a batsman gets out
without scoring, it is said that the batsman failed to get off the mark.
 Placement:
The ball when it is hit such that it bisects or trisects the fielders placed on the field. The ball usually ends up
being a four.
 One down:
A batsman who bats at No. 3, a crucial position in the team's batting innings.
 Over rate:
The number of over’s bowled per hour.
 Point of release:
The position of the bowler at the moment when the ball is released.
 Quota:
The total number of overs (maximum 10) allotted to a bowler in an ODI, or any limited overs match.
Typically total overs in the innings divided by 5, rounded to next highest integer.
 Reserve day:
A vacant day in a touring schedule which can be used to replay or reconvene a match which is washed out.
Mostly seen in the latter stages of major limited-overs tournaments.

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  Run chase:
The act/task of the team batting second (in a limited-overs match) or batting fourth (in an unlimited overs
match), trying to win a match by batting and surpassing the runs accumulated by the opponent.
 Selector:
A person who is delegated with the task of choosing players for a cricket team. Typically the term is used in
the context of player selection for national, provincial and other representative teams at the professional
levels of the game, where a "panel of selectors" acts under the authority of the relevant national or provincial
cricket administrative body.
 Slower ball:
A medium-pace delivery bowled by a fast bowler. Designed to deceive the batsman into playing the ball too
early and skying it to a fielder.
 Specialist:
A player selected in the team primarily for a single skill, i.e. not an all-rounder or a wicketkeeper-batsman.
Such players can be referred to as specialist batsmen, specialist bowlers, or specialist wicketkeepers.
 Strike bowler:
An attacking bowler whose role is to take wickets rather than to restrict scoring. Usually a fast bowler or
attacking spinner who bowls in short spells to attacking field settings.
 Through the gate:
"Bowled through the gate": dismissed with a ball that passes between the bat and the pads before hitting the
wicket.
 Timing:
The art of striking the ball so that it hits the bat's sweet spot. A "well-timed" shot imparts great speed to the
ball but appears effortless.
 Unplayable delivery:
A ball that is impossible for the batsman to deal with; used to imply that the batsman was out more through
the skill of the bowler than through his own error.
 Wicket-keeper/batsman:
A wicket-keeper who is also a very good batsman, capable of opening the batting or at least making good
scores in the top order.
 Glove:
A part of a batsman's kit worn to protect the hands from accidental injury. When a hand is in contact with
the bat it is considered part of the bat and so a player can be given out caught to a ball that came off the
glove hence "gloved a catch."
 Batting Strike rate:
A percentage equal to the number of runs scored by a batsman divided by the number of balls faced.
 Bowling Strike rate:
The average number of deliveries bowled before a bowler takes a wicket.
 Run rate:
The average number of runs scored per over.
 Spell:
The number of continuous over’s a bowler bowls before being relieved.
 Start:
A batsman is said to have a start when he successfully avoids being dismissed for very few runs.
 Session:
A period of play, from start to lunch, lunch to tea and tea until stumps.

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 PARTS OF CRICKET:
There are three parts (aspects) of cricket
1.Batting 2.Bowling 3.Fielding

I) BATTING:
The act and skill of defending one’s wicket and scoring runs is called as batting.
Batsman’s strokes: 2013
a) The strokes played on off side of field:-2000,03
Ans: off drive, cover drive, square cut, reverse sweep, late cut etc.
b) The strokes played on onside of field:-2003,04
Ans: Sweep, paddle sweep, pull short, hook, flick, slog shot, scoop, leg glance, French cut etc.
c) The strokes played in front of wicket:-2010
Ans: Off drive, cover drive, pull shot, hook shot, sweep, slog etc.
d) The strokes played behind his popping crease on onside:
In the region between the wicket keeper and umpire:-2008
Ans: Leg glance, Sweep, Pull shot, French cut, Marillier shot etc.

Batting technique:
Block (back stroke):
A defensive shot played with the bat vertical and angled down at the front intended to stop the ball and drop
it quickly onto he pitch in front of batsman.
Drive:
An offensive shot played with The ball ravels swiftly along the ground in front of the striker. A drive can be
on drive, off drive, straight drive, cover drive depending in which direction it goes.the bat sweeping down
through the vertical.
On drive:
It is played of the front foot with swing of the bat and hitting the ball in the direction of mid on
Off drive:
It is an offensive stroke played of the front foot with swing of the bat, sending the ball in the direction of
mid-off.
Straight drive:
It is drive played to a good length ball by which the ball is sent over the bowlers head or down the pitch into
the area directly behind bowler’s wicket
Cover drive:
The cover drive is played of the front food with swing of the bat, sending the ball between extra and cover or
cover point.
Lofted cover drive:
It is lofted shot hit high in the air to a good length ball by which the ball is hit over the head of fielder.
Step out and drive:
Batting against spin & some medium paced bowling, the batsman may to advance down the wicket to create
scoring opportunities.
Lofted shot:
It is a shot hit high in the air, especially when playing a front shot like straight drive.
Cut:
A shot played with the bat close to horizontal, which hits the ball somewhere in the area between cover &
gully.

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Late cut:
It is a cut shot mode by striking an off side ball at the last possible moment after it has passed the batsman,
sending the ball to the area behind gully region.
Square cut: 2009
A cut is cross batted shot played at a ball wide on the offside slapping the ball as it passes the batsman so
that it is hit the region backward of square on the side. A square cut is a shot hit into the offside at hear to go
degrees from the wicket.
Upper Cut:
A typical shot played against a short ball or bouncer. Here the batsmen make a cut above his head and the
ball usually goes to the third-man area.
Slash:
A cut, but played aggressively or possibly recklessly – a cut being a shot played square on the off side to a
short-pitched delivery wide of off stump. So called because the batsman makes a "cutting" motion as he
plays the shot.
Glance (edge): 2012
A glance is a delicate but powerful stroke in which the ball is deflected from an angled bat into the area
between square leg and fine leg.
Sweep:2012
Sweep is a shot in which the batsman advances front foot, bends hid back leg even going down on the knees
with a more or less horizontal bat down on the top of the ball, in order to play it away to fine leg.
Paddle sweep:
A paddle sweep is a cross batted shot played on the knees, usually at a slow ball on or wide of leg stump,
involves bringing the bat down on the top of the ball, in order to play it away to fine leg.
Reverse sweep:
A reverse sweep is just a sweep shot on the offside, into point area, by just changing the direction of bat. For
this shot the right handed batsman holds the bat like a left hander batsman and vice versa, after the ball is
delivered.
Pull Shot: 2013
The pull is a forcing shot against a short ball in which batsman goes back on his stumps & with a horizontal
movement of the bat strikes the ball anywhere bet fine leg and mid-on.
Hook shot:-2003, 09, 13
A hook is an aggressive, cross batted shot played at a bouncer aimed at or near the batsman’s head. The
batsman must step inside the line of the ball and swing his bat around his head, hooking the ball around
behind square leg, usually in air and sometime for six runs, It is a dangerous shot to attempt, but can be very
protective.
Marillier shot:
A shot played with the bat help parallel to the pitch in front of the batsman, with the toe of the bat pointing
towards the bowler. The batsman attempts to flick the ball over the wicketkeepers head. The most famous
exponent of the shot is former Zimbabwean player Douglas Marillier.
French cut (Chinese cut or Harrow drive):
A misplayed shot by the batsman which comes off the inside edge and narrowly misses hitting the stumps
typically going to the fine leg.
Flick:
A gentle movement of the wrist to move the bat often associates with shots on the leg side.
Forward stroke:
It is an attacking as well as defending shot played of the front but primarily. However runs may score.
Slog:
A powerful shot, usually hit to the leg side in the air in an attempt to score a six often without too much
concern for proper technique.
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Hit: 2009
All action of batsman which direct the ball towards the boundary with the height and length. During a hit the
ball must be hit clearly.
Hoik:
A wild swing intended only to hit the ball as hard and as for as possible usually with little or no control.
Agricultural shot:
Any shot played with very little skill. This is a swing across the line of the ball played without must
technique.
Helicopter shot:
A stroke played by swinging the bat in an "uppercut" fashion so that it catches the ball partly from below; in
the follow-through the bat flails up and round vertically, through an angle that may exceed 180 degrees. The
shot was so named after Indian batsman Mahendra Singh Dhoni, who frequently uses the shot. The
helicopter shot is very risky, but can be unusually effective at scoring boundaries against Yorkers.
Dilscoop
A stroke where a batsman goes on one knee and hits a good length or slightly short of length ball straight
over the wicket keeper's head usually to the boundary or over it. Displayed at the world stage by Sri Lankan
batsman Tillakaratne Dilshan during the ICC World Twenty20 in June 2009 and named after him.
Edge:
A slight deviation of the ball the edge of the bat. Top, bottom, inside and outside edge denote the four edges
of the bat
Leading edge:
The ball hitting the front edge front of the bat as opposed to its face, when playing a cross bat shot such as a
pull. Often results in easy catch for the bowler or a skier for someone else.
Paddle scoop:
A shout where the batsman scoops the ball over his/her shoulder in order to find a boundary either behind
the wicketkeeper or in the fine leg region.
Textbook Shot:
A shot played by the batsmen with perfect technique, also known as a cricket shot.
Cow shot:
A hard shot, usually in the air, across the line of a full-pitched ball, aiming to hit the ball over the boundary
at cow corner, with very little regard to proper technique. A type of slog.
Cross-bat shot:
A shot played with the bat parallel with the ground, such as a cut or a pull. Also known as a horizontal-bat
shot.

II) Bowling technique:

Bowling:
The act of delivering the cricket ball to the batsman. When a ball is bowled the elbow joint is held extended
through. All the energy is imparted by rotation of the arm about the shoulder and possible a little wrist
motion. The act of bowling the balled is called delivery.
Chucking (throwing):
A bowler is said to be chucking it there is full or partial straightening of arm during the delivery of the ball,
just before the ball leaves the hand. It is in imparting extra speed or spin to the ball.
Part Time bowler:
a bowler who doesn't always bowl but is adequate enough to bowl seldom and is often successful because of
variation in performance and their surprising attributes.
Underarm bowling:
Underarm bowling means that a ball delivered with hand below the level of the elbow. Today a bowler
bowling underarm is any competition (except blind cricket) is a no ball.
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Foul Delivery:-2009
A ball is called foul delivery, if once the bowler has reached the level of the shoulder in the delivery swing;
the elbow joint is not straight from that point until the ball has left the hand.
Bowling around the wicket:
Bowling with the non-bowling arm closest to the wicket is called around the wicket.
Bowling over the wicket:
Bowling with the bowling arm closest to the wicket is called around the wicket.
Line of the ball:
The trajectory of the ball between its leaving the bowlers had and its bounding on the pitch before the
batsman.
A good length spot: 2002
It is a point of the pitch where the ball is delivered (bounces) where the batsman is uncertain to whether to
play forward or back.
A good length ball (delivery):-1997, 98
The ball pitching on such a length that the batsman has difficulty in playing it either off the front foot or
back foot it the batsman tries to hit from the crease it is quite likely to go into the air.
A long hop ball:
A ball of a very short length which can be easily hit off to get a boundary of a six.
A short of length delivery:
It can be defined as the ball short of good length where the batsman can hit the ball easily.
Flighted ball:-
A ball delivered at higher trajectory is called as flighted ball.
Over pitched delivery:-1997, 2005
The ball pitching at such a length that the batsman is able to drive it without stretching his feet from the
crease.
Half volley delivery:-1997, 05, 11
A half volley is a delivery that bounces just before the block hole ( the gap between the toe and bat) and
batsman plays a shot just after the bounce.
Bump ball:-1997, 2000,05
It is a ball hit hard into the ground & caught by a close fielder it bounces again, so that when fielded looks
like a catch.

Variations of bowling:-
Pace bowling (fast bowling):
A style of bowling in which the ball is delivered at high speeds, typically over 90 mph (145 km/h). Pace
bowlers also use swing.

1. Variations of pace bowling:-2006

There are following three variations of pace bowling.
a. Fast bowling: - In this case, the bowler bowls the ball as fast as practicable, attempting to defeat the
batsman with its pace.
b. Swing bowling: - In this type the bowler holds the seam of the ball at certain angle and attempt to release
the ball so that it spins with the seam at a constant angle. It is called in swing if the ball swings inwards and
out swing if the ball goes the other way.
c) Seam bowling: - In this case a bowler attempts to keep the seam vertical, so that the ball hits the seam
when it bounces on the pitch & deflects in its path either to right or left.

2) Variations of spin bowling:-2002

Leg spin, googly, doosara, off spin, china man, arm ball etc.
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a) Variations of leg spin bowling:-2004
Leg break, doosara
b) Variations of off spin bowling:-
Off break, china man

Bowling techniques:
Full toss:-2002, 06, 13
When the bowler balls directly to the batsman is called as full toss.
Yorker:-2002, 07
A usually fast delivery that is pitched very close to the batsman. The intent is for it to bounce exactly
underneath his hat or his toes, in the block hole. A perfectly pitched fast Yorker is almost impossible to keep
out.
Bouncer:
A ball pitched short so that it bounces high, usually chest or higher as it passes the batsman.
Beamer:-2008
A ball which comes to the batsman without any bouncer on the pitch. It is an uncommon & illegal deliver
that reaches a height of batsman heads.
Dipper:-
It is a swinging ball which is deliberately bowled as a Yorker or a full toss.
Perfume ball:
A bouncer on or just outside off-stump that passes within inches of the batsman's face. So called because the
ball is supposedly close enough to the batsman's face that he can smell it.
Carom ball:-
A style of bowling used in cricket named because the ball is released by flicking the ball between the thumb
and a bent middle finger in order to impart spin.
Cutter:-
A fast paced delivery that turns after hitting the ground is called cutter. These are of two types off cutter and
leg cutter.
Off cutter:-
A fast bowler can also pull his finger down on one side of the ball as he lets it go imparting a small amount
of sideways spin to the ball. This can cause the ball to move sideways of the pitch. Such a delivery is called
off cutter it the ball moves from off to the side of a right handed batsman.
Leg cutter:-
A fast bowler can also pull his fingers down one side of the as he let it go imparting a small amount of
sideways spin to the ball. This can cause the ball to move sideways off the pitch. Such a delivery is called as
leg. Cutter if the ball moves from the leg side to the off side of a right handed batsman.
Off break (spin):-
A ball which is pitched on the offside & comes back to the stump since it spins in the clockwise direction
such a delivery is called as off break delivery as it spins from off side to the leg side.
Leg break:-
A ball which is pitched on the leg side & comes back to the stump since it spins in the anticlockwise
direction such a delivery is called in the anticlockwise from leg side to the off side.
Googly:-1998, 2000, 03, 05, 10, 13
When a right arm leg spinner bowls an off spin ball with the same action, it is called a googly.
Chinaman:-2008, 13
When the bowler throws a spin ball by keeping his head down not facing to batsman and arm goes over the
head is called china man bowling (Brad Hogg).
Arm ball:-
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An off spin bowler will sometimes not spin the ball so much, putting more pace on the delivery such a
delivery is called as arm ball.
Flipper:-
It is the trickiest way of throwing spin ball. The forward flip of wrist begins little earlier. The flip of the third
finger is directly down the line of the flight but released from under the hand, thereby gaining back spin such
a delivery in called flipper.

Top spin:-2003, 08, 10

When a right arm off spinner bowls a ball which after pitching goes straight with increase in speed or
bounce, is called as top spin. OR It is the trickiest way of throwing spin ball. Forward flip of wrist begins
little earliear. At the moment of release, the palm of the bowling hand will be facing towards mid- on.
Doosra:-2008
Dooosara is a spin bowl (Googly) which comes to batsman from outside to inside.
Teesra:-
It is a leg break bowled by a right hander with an off break action.
Orthodox spin:-
A left handed analogue of the off spin delivery (which spins opposite way) is called orthodox spin & such a
bowler is called as orthodox spinner.
Unorthodox spin:-
A left handed analogue of the spin delivery (which spins opposite way) is called an unorthodox spin & such
a spinner is called as unorthodox spinner.

III) Fielding:-
Fielder:-
A player on the fielding side who is neither the bowler nor the wicketkeeper in particular, one who just field
the ball.
The fielding consists of three basic activities.
1. Catching
2. Chasing
3. Throwing the ball.

Types of fielding:-
Fielding is basically of two types:-
1. Defensive fielding
2. Attacking fielding

1) Defensive fielding:-
The main purpose of this fielding is to check the opponent from scoring runs & not much to take his wicket.
This style is adopted when the pitch is helping the batsman & the bowlers fail to find favorable bounce or
turn from it.

2) Attacking fielding:-
As the name suggest here the fielders attach the batsman by standing quite close to him to pulverize him
psychologically. This style is usually adopted when a fresh batsman starts his innings. Five to six close in
fielders stand very close to the batsman to psychologically disturb him to commit some mistake.

Fielding restrictions:-
There are fielding restrictions in all kind of cricket. Only to fielders are allowed behind the batsman on leg
side. This rule is the elegancy of the bodyline series in 1932-33 between England & Australia.
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Q.1 What is a pitch? What are its measurements?
Ans: The pitch is 22 yards long between the wickets and is 10 feet (3m) wide. It is a flat surface and has
very short grass that tends to be worn away as the game progresses. The condition of the pitch has a
significant bearing on the match and team tactics are always determined with the state of the pitch,
both current and anticipated, as a deciding factor.
Q.2 What are the dimensions of the normal cricket pitch and the non- tuff pitch?
Ans: Normal pitch: Length = 22 yards Width = 10 feet.
Non turf pitch: Length = 58 feet Width = 6 feet.

Q.3 Mention the conditions when a pitch may be changed.

Ans: A pitch may be changed when it has excess of grass, moisture, cracked or damaged. The pitch shall
not be changed during the match unless the umpire decides with the consent of both captains.
Q.4 Who is the captain and what is he responsible for?
Ans: The captain is the leader of a cricket team who is responsible for all the decisions concerning team
strategy and tactics.
Q.5 What are the duties of a captain?
Ans: The following are the duties of a captain
1. A captain shall nominate his players in writing to one of the umpire before toss. No player may be
changed after the nomination without the consent of opposing captain.
2. The captain shall toss for the choice of innings on the field of play not earlier than 30 minutes nor
later than 15 minutes, before the schedules or any rescheduled time for the match to start.
3. The captains are responsible at all times for ensuring that the play is conducted within the laws.
4. During batting he decides batting order.
5. He has to complete the allotted over’s in time.
6. Allots his team mates positions on the field and decides spells for the bowlers of his team during a
match.
7. Take decisions on the behalf of whole team, like declaration of team.
8. He request for the beginning of power play.
9. He request for substitutes, runner, etc.
Q.6 What are the duties of a vice-captain?
Ans: Duties of vice-captain:-
1. When the captain is forced to leave the field of play during fielding, due to illness or injury, the vice-
captain will act for him, and be will be responsible for the spirit of the game.
2. He assists with captain in the selection, discipline & field settings.
3. He assists the captain in a batting order or bowling order.
4. He is usually expected to lead the players with the captain & also help the younger players develop.
Q.7 What are the duties of a Manager?

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Ans: Manager: - The manger plays vital role in success of cricket team.
Duties of manager:-
1. He will find the pitches for the practice.
2. He will help the captain for the team selection.
3. He will help to enforce the code of conduct the laws of game & the spirit of game.
4. If there is any problem he will put the matter to president.
5. He will organize additional opportunities such as sports clinics etc.
Q.8 State the restrictions on the role of a substitute.
Ans: When there is any substitute in cricket match that substitute is allowed for fielding only, he cannot
bat and bowl.
Q.9 Who is the twelfth man in the game of cricket?
Ans: It is a player who takes place of another player who may have become unable to play in the course of
match due to illness or injury.
Q.10 What are the provisions for a batsman’s retirement?
Ans: If a batsman is injured, he may retire & resume his innings when fit again, so long as his team’s
inning is not over. If a batsman is too injured to bat when no other batsman remains to come in after
a wicket falls, his innings must be forfeited and his team’s innings ends.
Q.11 State the duties of the Umpire before the commencement of the match.
Ans: Before the commencement of the match, the umpires Duties are:
1. To check whether the pitch & ball used are up to standard.
2. To observe the toss made between the captains of the two teams and the decisions for batting or
bowling first.
3. To check the bails & stumps are in their correct positions.
4. The umpires shall be agreeing with both the captains on any special conditions affecting the conduct
of the match.
5. The marking on the pitch are correct.
6. The boundaries are properly marked.
7. The umpires have to report on the ground at least 45 minutes before the scheduled start of the match.
Q.12 State the duties of the main Umpire.
Ans: Duties of the main umpire:-
1. Watch the conduct of players on ground to enforce the laws of cricket in right way.
2. Keep regular watch on the condition of ball on the ground Make provision for its replacements when
needed.
3. Make decision of LBWS, out & other events requiring a decision.
4. Gives no ball if while bowling bowler crosses the popping crease or touching return crease.
5. Gives ‘Wide ball’ if the bowler bowls the ball wide of wicket.
6. Gives decision on short run, if during taking run the batsman doesn’t cross the popping crease with
the bat at his end.
7. Gives decision on byes, leg byes, dead ball, etc.
8. Gives decision on catch out, run out etc.
9. Umpire has the authority to change the ball.
10. He can announce bad light for play, bad weather.
Q.13 What are the duties of the Umpire at the striker’s end?
Ans: The leg umpire can give following decision
1. No ball if it is over than the height of shoulder of batsman.
2. ’Wide ball’ if the ball goes over the head of batsman or wide of the wicket.
3. ’Run out’ at the strikers end.
4. ’Hit wicket’ if his wicket is broken wit any part of his body or equipment.
5. Stumping decision.
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 6. Short run at the strikers end.
7. Power play positions of the players.
8. To keep watch on the arguments between wicket keeper and striking batsman.
Q.14 Under what Conditions does the Umpire call time?
Ans:
1. The cessation of play before any interval.
2. The cessation of play due to any interruption.
3. At the end of day’s play.
4. At the conclusion of the match.
After the call of ‘time’ the umpire shall remove the bails from both the wickets.
Q.15 State the position of the Umpire during the match.
Ans: The umpire shall stand where they can see any act upon which their decision may be required.
1. Main umpire:-he will stand behind the wicket at the non-strikers end means the bowlers end.
2. Leg umpire:- he will stand on of the field inside 30 yard circle in the line of stump. He may elect to
stand on the offside instead of the pitch, provided that he inform the captain of the fielding side,
striker and the other umpire of his intention to do so.
Q.16 When does the Umpire change their ends?
Ans: In the following cases the umpire will change their ends.
1. At the end of each over.
2. After tea interval.
3. After lunch interval.
4. After the interval between innings.
Q.17 Under what conditions does the umpire change the ball?
Ans: Under the following conditions the umpire can change the ball.
1. Either captain may demand a new ball at the start of each inning.
2. To replace the lost ball or an unfit ball.
3. When a ball has been tampered by any fielder.
4. The captain of the fielding side may demand a new ball.
5. The captain of fielding side may demand a new ball after not less than 35 over in test match.

Third umpire:-
The third umpire is T.V. umpire. He is off the field & makes the final decision on question referred to him
by on field umpire. When the umpire are unable to decide on a close decision e.g. run out, catch, boundary,
stumping etc. He may refer it to the third umpire who sees the television replays & gives his decision.
Fourth umpire:-
The match referee is appointed to oversee professional cricket matches by the international cricket Council.
The match referee remain off the field and is responsible for seeing that the ICC cricket code is observed &
followed during the game, to asses any violation and hand out penalties. After the match he submits his
report to the ICC.
Umpire signals:-
1.Bye:-2010
Raises right hand up with open palm.
2. Leg bye:-
By touching raised knee with the hand
3. No ball:-
By extending one arm horizontally.
4. Wide ball:-2009
By extending both arms horizontally.
5. Dead ball:-2001, 13
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By crossing & re crossing the wrists below the waist.
6. Boundary for four:-
By waving an arm form side to side with arm cross the chest.
7. Boundary for six:-
By raising both arms above the head.
8. Short run:-2001
By bending the arm upward & by touching the nearer shoulder with the tips of the finger. OR umpire
touches right shoulder with hand.
9. Out:-2001, 13
By raising the index finger above the head.
10.New ball:-
By raising the ball above the head.
11. T.V. replay(third umpire):- 2013
He signals by drawing a large square in the air with both hands, spreading them out high in the air in front of
him bringing them down & then together again.
12. Cancel call:-
By touching both shoulders each with the opposite hands. Five penalty runs awarded to batting side:-By
repeated taping of one shoulder with the opposite hand.
13. Free hit:-2010, 13
By raising one arm & moving in a circular motion. Or umpire make an imaginary circle over his head by
rotating his hand.
14. Powerplay: 2010
The umpire shall make an imaginary circle by rotating his arm in front of his body.
15. Five penalty runs awarded to fielding side:-
By placing one hand on the opposite shoulder.

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 Referee’s decision:
1. The ball is played and hits the opposite wicket. 1997, 2000
Neither batsman is out unless the ball is touched by a fielder before it hits the wicket and the non-striker is
out of his ground.
2. A bowler’s delivery is not a fair one.1997
The bowler is cautioned and a no ball is given. If the bowler does the same mistake again umpire will stop
his bowling.
3. A batsman runs a short run. 1997, 2000
The umpire signals to the score and the incomplete run is not added to the score.
4. If the fielding side leaves the field at any time without the permission of the umpire. 1997
In the opinion of the umpire refuses to play the umpire shall award the match to the batting side
5. If a player is discovered lifting the seam of the ball. 1998, 2003
If a player is found tampering with the seam of the ball. Five penalty runs are awarded to the batting side and
the ball is replaced. The guilty player is penalized after the game. If a bowler has tampered the seam, he may
be banned from bowling in that innings.
6. If a Fielder willfully obstruct a batsman in running: 1998
It shall be considered unfair if any fielder willfully obstruct a batsman in running. In this case the umpire
shall call and signal dead ball and allow any completed runs and the run in progress or alternatively a
boundary scored.
7. The batsman is stumped by the wicket keeper on a ball declared as wide by the umpire: 2000
The striker batsman is declared out by the stumped and one extra run is added to the total.
8. When a batsman is run out on a no ball. 2002
The batsman is out by ‘Run out’. The ball will get counted in the over and one plenty run will get added in
the total run. The bowler will not get credit for this wicket.
9. When a batsman takes runs intentionally by playing with legs without offering a shot. 2002
The umpire will call and signal dead ball. No runs will be added.
10. When a batsman’s hat falls on the wicket dislodging bails while playing shot. 2002
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The batsman will become out by hit wicket.
11. The ball becomes unfit for play during the game.2003, 2007
If during the play the ball becomes unfit for play, the umpire shall replace it with a ball which has had wear
comparable with that which the previous ball had received before the need for its replacement.
12. The bowler is incapacitate or suspended from playing during an over.2003
Another bowler is called to complete that over, provided that he does not bowl two consecutive overs. If this
happens in the first ball of the over, it is called a dead ball.
13. The ball touches the gloves of the batsman’s hand holding the bat and a catch is taken.2007
The hand or the glove is counted as part of bat and umpire declares the batsman out if the ball touches the
batsman’s hand holding the bat and a catch is taken.
14. The ball touches the arm of the batsman holding the bat a catch is taken.2007
The umpire declares the batsman ‘not out’.
Scorers: 2010
Scorers are the officials who are appointed to keep the records of all runs scored, extras and wicket taken by
the bowler. They accept and acknowledge instructions and signals given to them by the umpire. There are
two scorers in a match.
Match referee
An official whose role is to ensure that the spirit of the game is upheld. He has the power to fine players
and/or teams for unethical play.

The Ball
The round object which the batsman attempts to strike with the bat. Also a delivery.
The ball used in the game of cricket is hard & covered with leather. The leather covering is thicker & joined
in two hemispheres. The seam is like equator & the stitching is raised slightly. Now a day’s white ball are
also used.
Q.18 What is the weight and circumference of the ball?
Ans: The weight of the ball is 156 to 163 gms (5 ½ ounces) and circumference is 224 to 229 millimeters (9
inches).
Q.19 Can a white ball be used in Cricket, if so when, if not why?
Ans: A white ball is used in an ODI and not in test matches as the kit colors are white.
Q.20 State the number of overs after which a new ball can be taken. 2011
Ans: Number of overs after which a new ball can be taken:
1. One Day Match: after 35 overs.
2. Test Match: after 80 overs

The Bat:-
The wooden implement with which the batsman attempts to strike the ball. The bat shall be made solely of
wood. The blade may be covered with material for protection.
Dimensions of bat:-2005,08, 12
The length of the bat=38 inches (96.5cms)
The width of the bat=4 ¼ inches (10.8cms).
The weight of the ordinary bat-2 ¼ pounds.
Q.21 Under what condition does the umpire change the bat?
Ans:
1. When the bat is broken.
2. When the bat is very big.
3. When the bat is very broad, the measurements are not followed.
4. When the material is not good.

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THE WICKETS
Two sets of wickets shall be pitched opposite & parallel to
each other at a distance of 22 Yards (20.12m).

The standard height of wickets (stumps) when pitched:-1998, 07, 12

The stumps = 28 inches (71.1cm)
The bails = 1/2 inches (1.27cm)
Together = 28 1/8 inches
The width of wicket: 2012 = 9 Inches (22.8cm)
The bails:-
Bail: One of the two small pieces of wood that lie on top of the stumps to form the wicket.
The bails are kept on the top of the stumps.
The length of bail: 2012 =10.95cm (4 15/16 inches)
Length of barrel = 5.40cm (2 1/8 inches)
Length of longer spigot =3.49cm (1 3/8 inches)
Length of shorter spigot =2.06cm (13/16 inches)

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Q.21 Explain the importance of bails in Cricket. 1999
Ans: Importance of bails in cricket:-
The bails are on the top of the stumps the bails are used to determine when the wicket is broken in
determining a batsman is out bowled, stumped, run out or hit wicket.
Q.22 When the stumps are broken how the batsman becomes run out:-1999
Ans: If he bails fall of the stumps or the stumps are broken any reason with the ball still in play & later
incident such as run out attempt require the wicket to be broken, then other bail can be removed (if it
has not fallen off) OR A stump can be stuck out of the ground OR A stump can be pulled up with
hand holding ball.

THE BOWLING, POPPING AND RETURN CREASES:

The bowling crease, popping crease & two return creases shall be marked in white at each end of
pitch.
Q.23 Explain Bowling, Popping and Return creases in the game of Cricket.
Ans: The bowling crease: - 2009,11
The bowling crease shall be marked from the centre of the three stumps of the bowler’s end. It shall
be of 2.64cm (8ft 8inches) in length with the stumps in the centre.
The popping crease:-2009, 11
The popping crease shall be in front of & parallel to the bowling crease and shall be 1.22m (4ft)
from. It shall be marked to a minimum of 1.88 (6ft) on either side from be center of middle stump &
shall be considered to be unlimited in length.
The return crease:-2002,05,09
The return crease which are the inside edges of the crease markings shall be at the right angles to the
popping crease at a distance of 1.22m (4ft) behind the wicket.
Each return crease shall be marked from the popping crease to a minimum of 2.44m behind it & shall
be considered to be unlimited in length.

Q.24 How many innings are there in one match?

Ans: A match shall have 1 or 2 innings of each side according to an agreement reached before the match.
Q.25 When is a side innings said to be completed?
Ans: A side’s innings is to be considered as completed if
1. The side is all out.
2. The captain declares the innings closed.
3. The captain forfeits the innings.
4. The prescribed number of over’s has been bowled.
5. The prescribed time has expired.
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 Preparation and maintenance of the playing area:
1. Rolling: The pitch shall not be rolled during the match.
Frequency and duration of rolling: During the match, the pitch may be rolled at the request of the captain
of the batting side at each innings of the match, and before the start of each subsequent day’s play.
Rolling after a delayed start:-If the start is delayed the captain of the batting side may request to have the
pitch rolled for not more than seven minutes.
Choice of rollers:-If there is more than one roller available the captain of the batting side have the choice.
Sweeping: If rolling is to take place the pitch shall first be swept to avoid any possible damage by rolling in
debris. This sweeping shall be done so that the 7 minutes allowed for rolling is not affected.
2. Mowing (Grass cutting): The pitch and the outfield shall be mown on each day of the match on which
play is expected to take place, if ground and weather conditions allow.
3. Watering: The pitch shall not be watered during the match.

Covering the pitch:

1. Before the match:- The use of covers before the match is the responsibility of the Ground Authority and
may conclude full covering if required. However, the Ground Authority shall grant suitable facility to the
captain to inspect the pitch before the nomination of their players.
2. During the match: The pitch shall not be completely covered during the match. Whenever the bowler’s
run ups shall be covered in inclement weather, in order to keep them dry.
3. Removal of covers: If after the toss pitch is covered overnight, the covers shall be removed in the
morning at the earliest possible moment on each day that play is expected to take place. If covers are used
during the day as protection from inclement weather, or if inclement weather, delays the removal of
overnight over’s, they shall be removed promptly as soon as conditions allow.
Follow on 1998, 03, 11
If the side batting first in a two innings match, whether a test match or a first class match, dismisses their
opponent to retain a lead of 200 runs in a five days match, 150 runs in a three or four day match, 100 runs in
a two day match and 75 runs in a one day match, they have the option of enforcing a follow on. This requires
the second team to follow their second innings immediately as the first one is over.
A captain shall notify the opposing captain and the umpire of his intension to give follow on.
Follow on in a Five Days Match: 2012
It is given in a test match when batting team cannot score sufficient runs and the lead is more than 200 runs,
it may be given follow on or to bat again.
Follow on in a Three or Four Days Match: 2010, 11
It is given in a test match when batting team cannot score sufficient runs and the lead is more than 150 runs,
it may be given follow on or to bat again.
Follow on in a Two Days Match:
It is given in a test match when batting team cannot score sufficient runs and the lead is more than 100 runs,
it may be given follow on or to bat again.
Q.26 Explain a’declaration’ in a Cricket match. 2010, 12.
Ans: A declaration is a strategy in which the team batting after having scored a huge score, may stop
before all of its batsman are out. This tactic is usually adopted to allow enough time to get the opposing team
out. The captain can also declare the ending of his second round. After this decision of his the turn of second
team should begin after 10 minutes but a time of 7 minutes should be there for mowing the roller on the
pitch. The captain shall notify the opposing captain and the umpire of his decision to declare or two forfeit
an innings.

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Q.27 In a game of Cricket, explain the various interruptions that are classified as intervals. 2006. 09
Ans: In cricket the various interruptions that are classified as intervals are as follows:
1. Intervals for drinks: Drink intervals are agreed at the start of each day, but are not taken during the
last hour of the match. The drinks interval may not last for more than five minutes.
2. Intervals for meals: In one day game the teams may agree to take an interval for meals (lunch and
tea) between the innings rather than have a separate interval. Tea break may not be more than 15
minutes in the teat match and lunch break of one hour in test matches.
3. Interval between innings: When one team one team is fully out, the second teams come to the ground
within 30 minutes, it is the half time.
4. The period between close of play on one day and start of the next day’s play: In a test match when
they finish their limited overs (90) or time then the play is stopped and the play again start on next
day.
5. Injury time: When any player gets injured it is not fixed and can be at any time.
6. New batsman in: The time given to new batsman to come on the popping crease is 2 minutes in one
day and test match.

Start or stop of play:

1. Call of play: The umpire at the bowler’s end (main umpire) shall call ‘play’ at the start of the match and
on the resumption of play after any interval or interruption.
2. Removal of bails 2000: After the call of time the umpire shall remove the bails from both the wickets and
the game is stopped.
3. Last hour of match: when one hour of playing time of match remains according to the agreed hours of
play, the over in progress shall be completed. The next over shall be the first of a minimum of 20 over’s
which must be bowled, provided that a result is not reached earlier and provided that there is no interval or
interruption in play.
If there is an interruption in play during last hour of the match, minimum number of over’s to be bowled
shall be reduced from 20 overs. An over shall be reduced for every complete 3 minutes of time lost.
4. Completion of last over of match: The over in progress at the close of play on the final shall complete
unless a result has been reached or the player have occasion to leave field.
Practice on the field:
There shall be no bowling or batting practice on the pitch or on the area parallel to the pitch, at any time on
any day of the match. There shall be no practice on the field of play between the call of ‘play’ and call of
‘time’, if the umpire considers that it could result in a waste of time.
No bowler shall have a trial a run up between the call of ‘play’ and the call of ‘time’ unless the umpire is
satisfied that it will not cause any waste of time.
Q.28 How are the runs scored in a match?
Ans: A run is scored in match as follows:
1. A run is scored, at any time while the ball is in play, the batsman have crossed and made good their
grounds the batsman have crossed and made good their grounds from end to end.
2. When a boundary is scored.
3. When penalty runs awarded.
4. When extra runs are awarded e.g.no ball, wide ball etc.
5. When lost ball is called.
Q.29 Explain short run.
Ans: A run is short if a batsman fails to make good his ground on turning for a further run that is not
reckoned as run. This is called short run.
If both batsman run short in one and the same run, this shall be regarded as only one short run. If the
batsman deliberately runs short run then the umpire warn the batsman. If there is any further instance

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 of deliberate short running by any batsman in that inning, when the ball becomes dead, the umpire
award 5 penalty runs to the fielding side and he inform the scorers about penalty runs.
Q.30 What does a quick single means?
Ans: A quick single is a shallow hit in which batsmen snatch a run quickly.
Q.31 State the conditions when runs are added to the team’s total and not to the batsman’s total
runs.
Ans: A wide ball, A no ball, A Bye, A Leg Bye, Penalty runs.
Q.32 Explain Boundary for Four.
Ans: When the ball crosses the boundary line on the ground, after a batsman has hit it, it is called
boundary. Four runs are awarded for the boundary. If the boundary results from overthrow then
scored runs and the runs of the boundary runs shall be counted in the score. The main umpire will
signals boundary four by waving an arm from side to side.

Q.33 Explain Boundary for Six.

Ans: When the ball crosses the boundary line on the ground, after a batsman has hit it, it is called
boundary. Four runs are awarded for the boundary. If the boundary results from overthrow then
scored runs and the runs of the boundary runs shall be counted in the score. The main umpire will
signals boundary four by waving an arm from side to side.
Q.34 Explain Lost ball.
Ans: If any fielder cannot find or recover a ball inside the field of play during the game, it is called as lost
ball. Six runs are added to the score of the batsman who hit the ball. If the ball was not hit by
batsman then six runs are added to the extras.
The umpire shall replace the ball with the one which has had wear comparable with that which the
previous ball had received before it was lost. When the ball is replaced the umpire shall inform the
batsman and fielding captain.
The result:-
1. A win in Test match:
The side which has scored a total of runs in excess of that scored in the two completed innings of the
opposite side shall win the match. A forfeited innings is to count as a completed innings.
2. A win in one day match:
The side which has scored in its one innings a total of runs in excess of that scored by the opposing
side in its one completed innings shall win the match.
3. Umpires awarding the match: 1997
A match shall be lost by a side which either concedes defeat or in the opinion of the umpire refuses
to play and umpire shall award the match to the other side.
4. A Draw match: 2005
A draw is a match that ends without either side winning. There is no conclusion to the match. Innings
may not have been completed.
5. A Tie match: 2000, 06
When the scores of both the teams comes equal after completing all the innings, the result of the
match is considered to be a tie.
6. Statement of result:
i. If the side batting last wins the match without losing all its wickets, the result shall be stated as a win
by the number of wickets still then to fall.
ii. If the side fielding last wins the match, the result shall be stated as a win by runs.
iii. If the match decided by one side conceding defeat or refusing to play, it result shall be stated as
Match Conceded or Match Awarded as the case may be.

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 iv. If the side batting last has lost all its wickets but, as the result of an award of 5 penalty runs at the end
of the match, has scored a total of runs in excess of the total scored by the opposing side, the result
shall be stated as a win to that side by penalty runs.
v. In case of follow- on the side batting becomes all out in second innings before they reach the lead,
the result shall be recorded as a win by inning and runs.
Q.35 Explain an over.
Ans: The number of times (either 6 or 8 balls) the ball is bowled by a bowler in a stretch is called as an
over. An over has started when the bowler starts his run up, or, if he has no run up, his delivery
action for the first delivery of that over. A no ball and a wide when 6 balls have been bowled other
than those which are not to count in the over and as the ball becomes dead the umpire shall call over
before leaving the wicket.
If for any reason, other than the end of an innings an over is left uncompleted at the start of an
interval or interruption of play, it shall be completed on resumption of play. If for any reason a
bowler is incapacitated while running up to bowler the first ball of an over, or is incapacitated or
suspended during an over, the umpire shall call and signal dead ball. Another bowler shall complete
the over from the same end, provided that the he does not bowler two over’s, or parts there of
consecutively in one innings.
Q.36 Explain Maiden over.
Ans: A legitmate over of 6 balls in which no runs are scored is called a maiden over.
Q.37 When is a bowler allowed to change ends?
Ans: A bowler shall be allowed to changes the ends as often as desired, provided that he does not bowl
two over’s or parts there of consecutively in the same innings.
Q.38 What is a dead ball?
Ans: A ball on which neither the batsman can be declared out in any way, nor any runs can be scored by
the batsman, is termed as dead ball.
Q.39 Give any eight instances when the ball becomes dead. 2004, 08
Ans: The ball shall be considered a dead ball if:-
1. The ball completely settles in the hands of the bowler or the wicket keeper.
2. The ball reaches or bounces over boundary.
3. On the call of ‘over’ or ‘Time’ by the umpire.
4. For an adequate reason, the striker is not ready to receive the ball and makes no attempt to play.
5. One or both bails fall from the striker’s wicket before he receives the delivery of the ball.
6. If the ball lodges in a protective helmet worn by a member of the fielding side.
7. Whether played or not it lodges in the clothing or equipment of a batsman or the clothing of an
umpire.
8. Lost ball is called by the umpire.
9. There is an award of penalty runs (e.g. player returning without permission).
10. A serious injury to a player or umpire occurs.
11. The bowler drops the ball accidentally before delivery.
Q.40 Under what circumstances the ball is not considered as a dead ball?
Ans: The ball is not become dead when:
1. It strikes an umpire (unless it lodges in his dress).
2. The wicket is broken or struck down.
3. An unsuccessful appeal made.
4. The umpire has called ‘No ball’ or ‘wide ball’.
5. The wicket is broken accidently either by the bowler during his delivery or by a batsman in running.
Q.41 What is a wide ball? Give instances when a batsman can be given out on a wide ball?

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Ans: A delivery that passes illegally wide of the wicket, scoring an extra for the batting side. A wide does
not count as one of the six valid deliveries that must be made in each over – an extra ball must be
bowled for each wide.
The umpire declares a wide ball, if the bowler bowl the ball so high over or so wide of the wicket (2 feet
away from middle stump) that the opinion of the umpire it passes out of reach of the striker and would
not have been within strikers reach when taking guard in the normal position; the umpire will call and
signal ‘wide ball’ as soon as it shall have passed the line of strikers wicket.
The umpire will signal a wide ball by extending both arms horizontally. The ball does not become dead
on the call of wide ball.
A penalty of one run shall be awarded instantly on the call of wide ball. The penalty shall stand even if a
batsman is dismissed and shall be in addition to any other runs scored, any boundary allowance any
other penalties awarded. A wide shall not count as one of the over.
Out from a wide ball:-
The batsman may become out from a wide ball in following conditions (laws):
Handled the ball, Hit wicket, Obstructing the field, Run out, Stumped.

Q.42 What is a no ball? Give instances when the ball can be declared a no ball.
Ans: An illegal delivery; the batting side is awarded one extra, the bowler must deliver another ball in the
over, and the batsman cannot be dismissed by the bowler on a no-ball. Most usually a front-foot no
ball, in which the bowler oversteps the popping crease; other reasons include bowling a full toss
above waist height, throwing, having more than two fielders (excluding the wicketkeeper) behind
square on the leg side, or breaking the return crease in the delivery stride.
In the following instances the umpire will call and signal a no ball: 1997, 2003, 05, 07
1. If the bowlers front foot land outside the popping crease while throwing (bowling) the delivery.
2. If the ball bounces more than two or rolls along the ground before it reaches the popping crease.
3. The bowler throws the ball.
4. The bowler changes the bowling from over the wicket to around the wicket or vice-versa without
informing umpire.
5. The umpire shall indicate to the striker, whether the bowler intends to ball over or around the
wicket, right or left hand, failure on this.
6. Deliberate bowling of high full pitched ball.
7. Limitations of on onside fielders.
8. If the ball comes to rest in front of the striker’s wicket, without having touched the bat or striker.
9. Position of wicket keeper, if he stops the ball before stumps.
10. If the bowlers foot touches the return crease while bowling the ball.
The ball does not become dead on the call of no ball. The striker may hit a no ball and whatever runs
result shall be added to his score and if no runs be made one run shall be so scored. No ball shall not
be counted as one of the over.
Q.43 State the situations where a batsman can be declared out even when a ‘no ball’ has been
bowled.
Ans: When no ball has been called, neither batsman shall be out under any of the laws except:
Handled the ball, Hit the ball twice, obstructing the field, or Run out.
Q.44 What do you understand by the term Bye?
Ans: When batsman takes runs due to misfielding without the ball touching his bat or any part of body or
equipment.
Q.45 What do you understand by the term Leg Bye?

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Ans: If the striker is attempting to play a shot, deflects the ball with part of his body, the batsmen may
attempt to take a run. Such runs are called leg byes. If the striker did not attempt to play a shot with
his bat, leg byes may not be taken.
Q.46 What do you mean by the term Appeal?
Ans: It is a request or shouts by fielding team players in anticipation of batsman to be given out by the
umpire. The fielder or bowler while appealing shall ask the umpire “How’s That” Or “How’s Zat”.
Appeal ‘How’s that’ shall cover all the ways of being out.
The umpire at the bowlers end shall answer all appeals except those arising at the striker’s wicket.
e.g. hit wicket, stumped or run out at strikers end.
Q.47 What is the importance of appeal in a match?
Ans: The umpire shall not declare any batsman out unless an appeal is made by any fielder.
Q.48 What are the provisions for an appeal to be valid?
Ans: For an appeal to be valid, it must be made before the bowler begins his run up and his bowling action
to deliver the next ball and before time has been called. The call of over does not invalidate an appeal
made prior to the start of the following over provided. An appeal “How’s That’ covers all ways of
being out.
Q.49 What do you mean by the term The Wicket is down?
Ans: The wicket shall be held to be down if either the ball or the strikers bat or the strikers person or a
fielder, with his hand or arm, providing that the ball is held in the hand or hands so used, completely
removes either bails from the top of the stumps or if both bails be off, strikes a stump out of the
ground.

Batsman out of his ground:-

A batsman shall be considered to be out of his ground unless his bat or some part of his person is
grounded the popping crease at that end.
The non-striker, when standing at the bowler end should be positioned on the opposite side of the
wicket to that from which the ball is being delivered, unless a request to do otherwise is granted by
the umpire.
When a batsman with a runner is striker his ground is always that at the wicket keeper’s end.
Q.50 What are the different ways of batsman getting out? 1999, 2000, 12
Ans: A batsman can be out in following different ways:
Bowled, Timed out, Caught, Handled the ball, Hit the ball twice, Hit wicket,
Leg before wicket, obstructing the field, Run out, Stumped.
Q.51 Give instances when the bowler does not get credit for the wicket being taken. 2002, 07
Ans: In the following instances the bowler does not get credit for the wicket being taken :
Timed out, Handled the ball, Hit the ball twice, Obstructing the field, Run out.
Q.52 What do you mean by the term Bowled? 1997, 2008, 13
Ans: The striker is bowled if his wicket is put down by a delivered by the bowler, not being a no ball, even
if it first touches his bat or person. OR When the ball partly or completely hit and breaks the wicket
even if it touches the bat, the striker is called out bowled.
Q.53 What do you mean by the term Timed Out? 2002, 2006, 13
Ans: It is a method of getting out, when an incoming batsman fails to take guard or for his partner to be
ready to receive the next ball within two minutes of fall of the previous wicket.
In the events of protracted delay in which no batsman comes to the wicket, the umpire shall adopt the
procedure of awarding a match. For the purpose of that law of start of action shall be taken as the
expiry of the 3 minutes referred to above. The bowler does not get credit for the wicket.

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Q.54 When is a striker considered to be caught out?
Ans: The striker is “caught out” if a ball delivered by the bowler not being a no ball touches his bat
without having previously been in contact with any member of the fielding side and is subsequently
held by a fielder as a fair catch before it touches the ground.
If the striker is dismissed caught, runs from that delivery completed by the batsman before the
completion of the catch shall not be scored, but any penalties awarded to either side when the ball is
dead, if applicable, will stand.
Q.55 What do you mean by the term Handled the Ball? 2002, 2003, 08, 13
Ans: Either batsman is out ‘Handled the ball’ if he willfully touches the ball while in play with a hand or
hand not holding the bat unless he does so with the consent of the opposing side.
Q.56 What do you mean by the term a double hit? 2002, 2004, 13
Ans: If a batsman hits a delivery with his bat and deliberately hits the ball again for any reason other than
to defend his wicket for being broken by the ball, then the striker is out. The bowler does not get
credit for the wicket.
The batsman will not be out under this law if he makes a second or subsequent stroke in order to
return the ball to any member of the fielding side.
Q.57 When is a striker out hit wicket? 2003, 11
Ans: The striker is out hit wicket if while the ball is in play his wicket is put down either by the striker’s
bat or the striker person or by any part of his clothing or equipment even a helmet or spectacles.
The batsman is given not out in the following cases:
1. The delivery is a no ball
2. It occurs while he is trying to avoid throw in at any time.
3. It occurs while he is trying to avoid being run out or stumped.
4. The bowler after entering his delivery stride does not deliver the ball (dead ball).
Q.58 What do you mean by the term Leg before wicket? 2006, 10
Ans: When the batsman tries to stop or play the ball which is not a no ball any part of his body, which in
the opinion of the umpire, is pitched in a straight line of the stumps and if the batsman did not
intercept it by any part his body, the ball would have hit the wicket.
Q.59 What is meant by obstructing the field? 2002, 11, 13
Ans: It is a method of getting out, if either batsman willfully obstructs or distracts the opposing side by
words or action. If such willful obstruction by either batsman prevent ball from being caught, without
the consent of fielding side, strikes the ball with his bat or person other than a hand not holding the
bat, after the ball has touched a fielder.
Q.60 When is a batsman declared run out? 2002, 03, 06
Ans: If a batsman is attempting to take a run, or to return to his crease after an aborted run, he is out
stumped (run out) if a fielder gathers the ball and breaks wicket with it, when the bat of batsman is
out of popping crease. The bowler does not get credit for this wicket.
If the batsman cross each other, that batsman will be run out, who runs to the side of the fallen
wicket. If the ball is played on to the opposite wicket neither batsman is liable to be ‘run out’ unless
the ball has been touched by a field man before the wicket is put down.
Q.61 What is the mode of counting runs if a batsman is declared run out?
Ans: Only the runs completed before the run out are added to the score, together with the penalty for a no
ball or a wide if applicable. Other penalties that may be awarded to either side when the ball is dead
shall also stand. If the batsman becomes out during the first run no run is added.
Q.62 When is a striker considered to be out stumped?
Ans: A striker is out ‘stumped’ if in receiving the ball, not being a no ball delivered by the bowler, he is
out of his ground otherwise than in attempting run (run out), bouncing from the wicket keeper, or
ball rebounding from the wicket keeper’s person (except helmet) without the intervention of another
fielder.
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Q.63 Write a short note on wicket keeper.
Ans: The wicket keeper is the only member of the fielding side permitted to wear gloves and external leg
guards. He is the only one who can get the batsman stumped.
Restrictions on the action of wicket keeper: If in the opinion of either umpire, the wicket keeper
interferes with the striker’s right to play the ball and to guard his wicket, the umpire shall call and
signal dead ball.
Q.64 Name the equipment wore by the wicker keeper?
Ans: The wicket keeper’s equipment:
Wicket keeping gloves, Wicket keeping pads, Abdomen guard, Helmet, Spiked footwear.
Q.65 What is the position of a wicket keeper?
Ans: The wicket keeper shall remain behind the wicket at the striker end from the moment the ball comes
into play until a ball is delivered by the bowler either it touches the bat or person of the strikers end
or the striker attempt a run.
If the wicket keeper leaves his place, the umpire at the striker end shall call and signal no ball as soon
as possible after the delivery of the ball.
Fair and unfair play:
1. Responsibilities of Captain: The captains are responsible at all times for ensuring that play is
conducted within the spirit of the game as well as within the laws.
2. Responsibility of umpires: The umpires shall be the sole judges of fair and unfair play. If either
umpire considers an action, not covered by the laws to be unfair, Be shall intervene without appeal if
the ball is in play, shall call and signal dead ball.
3. Lifting the seam: If a player discovered lifting the seam of the ball: Five penalty runs are awarded
to the batting side and ball is replaced. The guilty player is player is penalized after the game.
4. If the ball is wet: If a ball becomes wet the fielding side may dry a wet ball on a towel or use
sawdust to clean the ball.
5. Deliberate attempt to distract striker: It is unfair for any member of the fielding side
deliberately to attempt to distract the striker while he is preparing to receive or receiving a delivery.
6. Dangerous and unfair bowling: The bowling of fast short or high full pitched deliveries is unfair,
if in the opinion of the umpire at the bowlers end to constitute an attempt to frighten the striker.
If the delivery is unfair the umpire will caution the bowler and call and signal a no ball.
7. Fielder obstructing a batsman in running:
It shall be considered unfair if any fieldsman willfully obstruct a batsman in running. In these
circumstances umpire shall call and signal dead ball and allow any completed runs and the runs in
progress or boundary scored.
8. Time wasting:
It is unfair for a batsman to waste time. In normal circumstances the striker should always be ready
to take strike when the bowler is ready to start his run up.
9. Time wasting by the fielding side: It is unfair for any member of the fielding side to waste time.
If the captain of the fielding side wastes time, or allows any member of his side to waste time at the
first instance the umpire shall call and signal dead ball.
10. Batsman damaging the pitch:
If either batsman causes avoidable damage to the pitch, at the first instance the umpire shall, when
the ball is dead, caution the batsman, this caution shall continue to apply throughout the innings.
11.Fielder damaging the pitch. If any fielder causes avoidable damage to the pitch, on the first
instance the umpire of the fielding side, indicating that this a first and final warning. This caution
shall continue to apply throughout the innings. Inform the other umpire and the batsman of what has
happened. If there is any further avoidable damage to the pitch by any fielder in that innings, the
umpire shall, when the ball dead award 5 penalty runs to the batting side.

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 12. Bowler attempting to run out non-striker before delivery: The bowler is permitted, before
entering his delivery stride, to attempt to run out the non-striker, the ball shall not count in the over.
The umpire shall call and signal dead ball as soon as possible if the bowler fails in the attempt to run
out the non-striker.
13. Batsman stealing a run:
It is unfair for the batsman to attempt to steal a run during the bowler’s run up. Unless the bowler
attempts to run out either batsman before delivery, the umpire shall Call and signal Dead ball.
Q.66 What do you mean by the term Danger area? 1998, 00, 03,04,06, 13
Ans: It is incumbent on all players to avoid unnecessary damage to the pitch. It is unfair for any player to
cause deliberate damage to the pitch.
The danger area of the pitch (protected area) is an imaginary 4 feet by 2feet. area on both sides of the
pitch just in front of the stumps that must be protected by the bowler’s and fielders. It is 4 feet
(1.22mtr.) from the popping crease and within 1 foot (30.48cm) from either side of the middle stump.

Diagram of Danger Area: 2004

22 Yards(20.12m)

Bowling Crease

4 ft Danger
1.22m
1.22 Area
2ft
M
popping Crease

Q.67 What is a thirty-yard circle? Why is it used? 2002, 2007

Ans: A painted circle or ellipse centered in the middle of the pitch, of radius 30 yard (27m) marked on the
field, separating the infield from the outfield. It is used policing the fielding regulations for certain
one day versions of the game.
Q.68 What is a fifteen-yard circle? Why is it used?
Ans: A circle or ellipse centered in the middle of the pitch of radius 15 yard marked on the field. It is used
in policing the fielding restrictions for one day version of the game.
Q.69 Mention three exceptional circumstances under which the game can be suspended.
Ans: The circumstances under which game can be suspended: 2007
1. Due to rain.
2. Due to interference from outside people.
3. Due to interference of players.
Q.70 Write a short note on the boundaries in Cricket. 2009
Ans: The boundaries in Cricket
Before the toss: the umpire shall agree on the boundary of the field of play with both captains. The
boundary shall if possible be marked along its whole length.
Boundary marking: whenever practicable the boundary shall be marked by mean of a white line or a
rope lay along the ground.
Q.71 What conditions of weather, light and ground are favorable to start the match?

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Ans: In Cricket the weather condition and light should remain normal and must not interfere with the
game. If at any time the umpires together agree that the conditions of ground, weather or light are so
bad that there is obvious and foreseeable risk to the safety of any player or umpire, so that it would
be unreasonable of dangerous for play to take place. They shall immediately suspend play, or not
allow play to commence or to start.
Q.72 Draw a neat and clean diagram of cricket ground with all specification.

SCREEN 9.14MX3.65M.

*Long Slop
Long Leg*

*Third Man Fine leg* *

Third
Second Slip
Slip First Slip
RIGHT HANDED Wicket Keeper
BATSMAN Backward Short Leg
Fly Slip* * * *Leg Slip Deep Square Leg*

Gully*
** * * *Leg Gully *

Silly
*Deep Point *Square Leg *

Point* Point* *

* * Forward
* Leg Umpire
*

Silly Mid Off* * *

*

Short Leg
[OFF SIDE] Cover Point* *
*
**Silly Mid on
[LEG SIDE]
*Deep Cover Point
*

Cover*
Extra Cover* *Main Umpire
*

* *
*

*Mid Wicket *

* Mid Off *Mid on

*Deep Cover Deep Sweeper*
*

*Deep Extra Cover Bowler

cc ccccCover

*Long Off Long on*

*Straight Hit

SCREEN 9.14MX3.65M.

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The fielding positions:
Q.73 Name six fielding positions on Leg side (on) of the field.
Ans: Fine leg, mid-wicket, mid-on, square leg, long on, deep square leg, leg slip, forward short leg, etc.
Q.74 Name six fielding positions on Off side of the field.2013
Ans: First slip, second slip, third man, gully, point, cover, extra cover, mid-off, deep extra cover, long off.
Slip:
A close fielder behind the batsman, next to the wicket-keeper on the off-side". Commonly there will be two
or three slips in an attacking field and one or none in a defensive field.
Leg slip:
A fielding position equivalent to a slip, but on the leg side.
Fly slip
A position deeper than the conventional slips, between the slips and third man.
Gully:
A close fielder near the slip fielders, at an angle to a line between the two sets of stumps of about 100 to 140
degrees.
Point:
A fielding position square of the batsman's off side.
Long on:
A field position near the boundary on the leg side kept to sweep up straight drives.
Long off:
A field position near the boundary on the off side kept to sweep up straight drives.
Mid-wicket:
A field position on leg side that is a mirror of deep extra cover on the off side.

Third man:
A position behind the wicket-keeper on the off-side, beyond the slip and gully areas
Cover:
A fielding position between point and mid-off.

The Cricket equipments:-

1. Batting equipments:- 2009
Bat, Pads, batting gloves, helmet, abdomen guard, spiked footwear.
2. Bowlers equipment: -
Ball, spiked footwears etc.
3. Wicket keepers equipments:
Wicket keeping gloves, wicket keeping pads, abdomen guard, spiked footwear, etc.
Q.75 Explain briefly the term Protective equipment in Cricket. 2005
Ans: Protective equipment: The ball used in cricket is made up of leather. It is very hard, that’s why to
protect the body of batsman, wicketkeeper or the fielder, some equipment are used those are known
as protective equipment.
E.g. Helmet, batting pads, wicket keeping pads, gloves, arm pad, thigh pad, abdomen guard, chest
pads etc.

______________________________________________________________________________

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