CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 

COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

PREGUNTAS PRÁCTICAS

API RP - 571

 
 
 

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 1
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR API RP 571

1. A sudden rapid fracture under stress (residual or applied) where the material exhibits little or no evidence of ductility
or plastic deformation is called:

a. Decarburization fracture.
b. Temper embrittlement.
c. Glass like failure.
d. Brittle fracture.

2. Three of the steels listed below are susceptible to brittle fracture. Pick the one that is not.

a. Carbon steel.
b. 300 series of stainless steels.
c. Low alloy steel.
d. 400 series of stainless steels.

3. Three factors when critically combined tend to cause brittle fracture. Which of the four factors listed below does not
belong?

a. The material’s fracture toughness (resistant to crack like flaws) is low.

b. The size, shape and stress concentration of a flaw tends to lead to failure.
c. The temperature is high enough to induce failure.
d. The amount of residual and applied stresses on the flaw is enough to cause fracture.

4. In most cases, brittle fracture occurs only at temperatures below the Charpy impact ________________
temperature, the pint at which the toughness of the material drops off sharply.

a. Failure.
b. Transition.
c. Critical.
d. Stable.

5. What year did the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 begin to reqire toughness as a
criteria for vessels operating at cold temperatures?

a. 1987
b. 1942
c. 1995
d. 1963

6. Brittle fracture can occur during ambient temperature during a hydro-test due to:

a. Unusual loading and high toughness at the testing temperature.

b. High impact stresses and plasticity at the testing temperature.
c. High stresses and low toughness at the testing temperature.
d. High strength material and temperatures below 100 degrees F.

7. How do you mitigate brittle fracture of new equipment?

a. Use only 400 series stainless steels.

b. Use only 300 series stainless steels.
c. Use material specifically designed for low temperature operation per ASME B&PV Code.
d. Use material designed for high temperature operation per ASME B&PV Code.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 2
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

8. Thermal fatigue is the result of ___________________ caused by variations in temperature.

a. Tensional stresses.
b. Tensile stresses.
c. Cyclic stresses.
d. Bending stresses.

9. What type damage is caused by thermal fatigue?

a. Damage is the form of severe oxidation and scaling.

b. Damage is in the form of cracking anywhere a movement or expansion is constrained.
c. Damage is in the form of tensile separation of high stressed parts of equipment.
d. Damage is in the form of bending of parts that are highly stressed.

10. What materials are affected by thermal fatigue?

a. Carbon steel.
b. All materials of construction.
c. Low alloy steel.
d. 400 series stainless steel.

11. Key factors affecting thermal fatigue are the magnitudes of the ____________________ and the (_________
_______ ________).

a. Temperature; rate (speed of rise).

b. Equipment size; complexity (intricacy of construction).
c. Stress loading; size (increase, decrease of loads).
d. Temperature swing; frequency (number of cycles).

12. Thermal fatigue cracking has been a major problem in:

a. Depropanizer vessels.
b. Coke drums shells.
c. Boiler feed water tanks.
d. Catalyst storage drums.

13. Thermal fatigue is best prevented through ______________ to minimize thermal stresses and thermal cycling.

a. Selection of materials.
b. Prevention of movement.
c. Design and operation.
d. Allowance of travel.

14. Since cracking is usually surface connected, effective methods of inspection are:

a. WFMT and LT.

b. ET and AE.
c. VT, MT and PT.
d. AET, ET and RT.

15. Accelerated mechanical removal of surface material as a result of relative movement between, or impact from solids,
liquids, vapor or any combination thereof is known as:

a. Weathering.
b. Corrosion.
c. Erosion.
d. Attrition.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 3
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

16. A description of the damage that occurs when corrosion contributes to erosion by removing protective films or
scales, or by exposing the metal surface to further corrosion under the combined action of erosion and corrosion is
called:

a. Surface weathering.
b. Erosion-attrition.
c. Erosion-corrosion.
d. Abrasion-wear.

17. Equipment that is exposed to moving fluids and-or catalyst are subject to erosion and erosion-corrosion. What unit
is most often damaged by gas borne catalyst particles?

a. Desalting Unit.
b. Motor Oil Unit.
c. Crude and Vacuum Unit.
d. Fluid Catalytic Cracker.

18. What type of unit suffers severe erosion-corrosion due to exposure to naphthenic acids in some crude oil?

a. Catalytic Reformer Reactor piping.

b. FCCU Fractionators overhead lines.
c. Hydro processing reactor effluent piping.
d. Crude and vacuum unit piping and vessels.

19. Pits, grooves, gullies, waves, rounded holes & valleys exhibiting a directional pattern are characteristics of:

a. Abrasion and abrasion wear.

b. Erosion and erosion-corrosion.
c. Surface weathering.
d. Scuffing and scraping.

20. Erosion-corrosion is best controlled by using _____________ and/or altering the process environment to reduce
corrosively.

a. Corrosion inhibitors.
b. Wear plates.
c. Hard-facing by weld overlays.
d. More corrosion-resistant alloys.

21. What type of material offers improved resistance to naphthenic acid corrosion?

a. Higher chrome containing alloys.

b. Higher nickel containing alloys.
c. Higher molybdenum containing alloys.
d. Higher columbium containing alloys.

22. Inspection methods for detecting the extent of metal loss due to erosion and erosion-corrosion are:

a. AE, MT and ET.

b. VT, UT and RT.
c. PT, ET and AET.
d. LT, ET and WFMT

23. What type of on stream inspection method can detect the loss of refractory on an operating unit?

a. Visual inspection.
b. Infrared scan.
c. Ultrasonic scan.
d. Eddy current scan.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 4
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

24. What is the typical erosion-corrosion rate in mpy of Monel immersed in a seawater flume with the seawater traveling
over it a 4 fps?

a. 0.2 mpy.
b. ˂0.2 mpy.
c. 1 mpy.
d. 0.3 mpy.

25. What types of material are affected by mechanical fatigue cracking?

a. 300 and 400 series stainless steels are affected.

b. Only carbon steel is affected.
c. All engineering alloys are affected.
d. Monel and copper containing metals are affected.

26. Three types of equipment with mechanical loading that are affected by mechanical fatigue cracking are listed below.
One of the four items listed below is not correct. Pick the incorrect item.

a. Rotating shafts on centrifugal pumps that have stress concentrations due t key ways.
b. Small diameter piping that vibrates because of adjacent equipment.
c. Large, heavy, cast steel compressor cases.
d. High pressure drop control valves or steam reducing stations hat have serious vibration problems.

27. A fatigue failure exhibits what type of “fingerprint” or appearance?

a. The failure exhibits a hash mark type of fingerprint that radiates fro the crack origin.
b. The failure exhibits a “clam shell” type of fingerprint that has concentric rings called “beach marks”.
c. The failure exhibits a wavy type of fingerprint that is random in nature.
d. The failure exhibits a ragged rough type of fingerprint that emanates from the failure point.

28. The best defense against mechanical fatigue cracking is _______________ which helps minimize stress
concentration of components that are in cyclic service.

a. A material selection.
b. Good design.
c. The use of the thinnest material available.
d. Good operations.

29. NDE techniques such as __________ ____________ and __________ can be used to detect fatigue cracks at
known areas of stress concentration.

a. ET, AE, LT.

b. PT, MT, SWUT.
c. AET, WFMT, RFEC.
d. RT, PMI, FMR.

30. In what type of environment would atmospheric corrosion be most severe?

a. Marine environments and moist polluted industrial environments.

b. Desert environments and cold dry rural environments.
c. Areas exposed to the morning sun and prevailing winds.
d. Far north environments with maximum exposure to cold and snow.

31. What materials are affected most by atmospheric corrosion:

a. Nickel 200, Inconel and Incoloy.

b. Monel, Titanium, Duranickel alloy 301.
c. 300 series stainless steels and cast iron.
d. Carbon steel, low alloy steels and copper alloyed aluminum.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 5
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

32. If a bare carbon steel line is located next to a cooling tower with mist from the tower on the line, what would you
expect to happen if the pipe is only protected by poorly coated aluminum paint?

a. Sever external oxidation due to atmospheric conditions.

b. The paint will protect the line and no corrosion will occur.
c. Minor atmospheric corrosion could be expected.
d. Nothing will happen. The conditions for corrosion are not present.

33. How many mils per year would you expect a carbon steel line to lose if exposed to a marine environment?

a. 20 mpy.
b. 15 mpy.
c. 10 mpy
d. 5 mpy

34. What is the atmospheric corrosion rate if carbon steel is exposed in a dry rural environment?

a. ˂4 mpy.
b. ˂3 mpy.
c. ˂2 mpy.
d. ˂1 mpy.

35. In atmospheric corrosion, what naturally occurring substance if it gets on equipment will cause accelerated corrosion
and stains?

a. Rain.
b. Bird feces.
c. Snow.
d. Dust.

36. What can prevent atmospheric corrosion?

a. Build plants in dry rural areas.

b. Surface preparation and proper coatings applied correctly.
c. Use stainless steel equipment.
d. Coat all surfaces exposed to the atmosphere with automobile undercoating.

37. What inspection methods are used for inspection and monitoring atmospheric corrosion?

a. AE and RT.
b. PT and WFMT.
c. ET and MT.
d. VT and UT.

38. What is the cause of corrosion under insulation (CUI) of refinery and chemical plant equipment?

a. The corrosion is caused by not having an on-going and complete inspection program.
b. The corrosion is caused by long term lack of maintenance.
c. The corrosion is caused from the use of the wrong material for the equipment.
d. The corrosion results from water trapped under insulation and fireproofing.

39. What materials are usually affected by CUI?

a. Cast iron, Nickel 200 and Aluminum.

b. Titanium, Dura nickel alloy 301 and Copper nickel.
c. Monel, incoloy and inconel.
d. Carbon steel, low alloy steels, 300 series and duplex stainless steels.

40. What temperatures cause CUI to be most severe?

a. Between 100°F and 150°F.

b. Between 212°F and 250°F
c. Between 100°F and 212°F.
d. Between 250°F and 300°F.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 6
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

41. An inspector notes that there are cracks in the brick fireproofing of a column supporting a vessel on a FCC unit. An
inspection hole is opened to check the condition of the column. Heavy rust scale is present and the inspector
requires the entire column to be stripped. Severe pitting to holes and serious thinning of the column is found. What
type of corrosion would this be?

a. Heavy erosion from catalyst.

b. Chloride attack.
c. Normal weathering of the column.
d. CUI (corrosion under insulation).

42. If insulation has chlorides in it to cause CUI related to stress corrosion cracking, what type material or equipment
would be the most susceptible to damage?

a. 400 series of stainless steels.

b. 300 series of stainless steels.
c. Carbon and low alloy steels.
d. Duplex stainless steels.

43. Three of the four items listed below are locations where CUI may be a problem. Which one of the four items would
not be of concern?

a. Insulated piping operating at 350°F.

b. Areas with damaged insulation.
c. Insulated equipment down-wind from cooling towers.
d. Equipment with leaking steam tracing.

44. A small pressure vessel made of 316 stainless steel is to be insulated. If operates at 220°F in an area subject to a
lot of water vapor. The inspector checks the insulation that is to be used and finds that it contains chlorides. What
should he do?

a. Stop the installation of the insulation and make arrangements to have low/no chloride insulation installed.
b. Make sure the area is covered during the installation of the insulation to avoid moisture being trapped.
c. Nothing is required-the insulation is satisfactory.
d. Heat the vessel to 300°F during the installation of the insulation.

45. If wet insulation is suspected on a vessel or if damaged and missing insulation is suspected beneath an aluminum
jacket on a vessel, what inspection method would be best to find the locations?

a. Strip the insulation completely and renew it.

b. Infrared thermograph.
c. Radiograph the equipment.
d. Magnetic flux leakage.

46. What usually causes corrosion in boiler feed water and condensate return systems?

a. Corrosion pitting is the result of dezincification of the tubes.

b. Corrosion is the result of dissolved heavy water (D2O) and carbon monoxide (CO).
c. Corrosion is the result of HCI and H2SO4 in the system.
d. Corrosion is the result of dissolved gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide.

47. What type of corrosion is usually attributed to oxygen in boiler water condensate corrosion?

a. Pitting.
b. Smooth general corrosion.
c. Rough uneven corrosion.
d. Corrosion at weld HAZ’s.

48. Smooth grooving of pipe walls is an indication that __________________ is the causative agent.

a. Carbon monoxide.
b. Oxygen.
c. Carbon dioxide.
d. Hydrochloric or sulfuric acids.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 7
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

49. Desecrator cracking problems are usually evaluated off-line at shutdowns of boilers. What inspection method is
used?

a. Radiographic inspection.
b. Wet fluorescence magnetic particle inspection.
c. Dye penetrates inspection.
d. Eddy current inspection.

50. Sulfur compounds react with carbon steel in high temperature environments. This reaction causes corrosion. The
presence of _______________ accelerates the corrosion.

a. Water.
b. Carbon dioxide.
c. Oxygen.
d. Hydrogen.

51. Copper base alloys for sulfide at _________ _______________ than carbon steel.

a. Faster rates.
b. Lower temperatures.
c. Slower rates.
d. Higher temperatures.

52. Major factors effecting sulfidation are alloy composition, temperature and concentration of corrosive _________
compounds.

a. Water.
b. Hydrogen.
c. Sulfur.
d. Ammonia.

53. What determines the susceptibility of an alloy to sulfidation?

a. Its ability to form protective sulfide scales.

b. The amount of nickel present.
c. The ability to resist erosion.
d. The capability to avoid graphitic decomposition.

54. Sulfidation of iron-based alloys usually begins at metal temperatures above _________________

a. 800°F.
b. 700°F.
c. 600°F.
d. 500°F.

55. What alloying element determines the resistance of an alloy to sulfidation?

a. Nickel.
b. Chrome.
c. Low carbon.
d. Columbium.

56. Depending on condition of service, sulfidation corrosion is most often in the form of:

a. Random grooving.
b. Uniform thinning.
c. Heavy localized pitting.
d. Unsystematic pitting.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 8
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

57. You may achieve resistance to sulfidation by:

a. Using an alloy containing columbium.

b. Employing carbon steel alloyed with silicon.
c. Upgrading to a higher chromium alloy.
d. Using a 70-30 copper-nickel alloy.

58. To monitor equipment for sulfidation corrosion, the process conditions should be observed for increasing
temperature and/or changing sulfur levels. How can you best monitor the temperature of the equipment that is
subject to sulfidation corrosion?

a. Use an experienced inspector who can visually watch for changing temperature.
b. Depend upon the operators to watch for any changes in operations and inform the inspectors.
c. Use tube skin thermocouples and/or infrared thermograph.
d. Employ temperature indicating crayons to check for changing temperature.

59. Chloride stress corrosion cracking (CI SCC) is surface initiated cracks found in:

a. Carbon steel.
b. Low chrome alloy steel.
c. 300 series SS and some nickel base alloys-
d. Nickel base alloys.

60. The CI SCC surface cracks appear under the action of ________________, temperature and an aqueous chloride
environment.

a. Stagnant conditions.
b. High velocity products.
c. Compressive stress.
d. Tensile stress.

61. The presence of what other element increases the propensity for CI SCC cracking?

a. Carbon dioxide.
b. Oxygen.
c. Carbon monoxide.
d. Nitrogen.

62. What percent of chlorides us safe for exposure to 300 series stainless steel?

a. 15%
b. 10%
c. 5%
d. 0%

63. SCC usually occurs at pH values above:

a. 5
b. 4
c. 3
d. 2

64. Stress corrosion cracking usually occurs at metal temperatures above about:

a. 200ªF
b. 160ªF.
c. 140ªF.
d. 100ªF.

65. Nickel content of an alloy above _____________ percent makes it highly resistant to SCC.

a. 10
b. 25.
c. 35
d. 15

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 9
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

66. What kind of steel is not susceptible to SCC?

a. AISI Type 347 SS.

b. AISI Type 316 SS.
c. Carbon steel.
d. Duplex SS.

67. Characteristic stress corrosion cracks have:

a. A generally random pattern and they do not join together.

b. Lightning bolt appearance and are usually singular in nature.
c. Many branches and may be visually detectable by a craze-cracked appearance.
d. Few branches and are not visually detectable.

68. An inspector is preparing to hydro test equipment that is made from AISI Type 304 stainless steel. One of the more
important items that should be used is the:

a. Use of low oxygen content test water.

b. Use of low or no chloride water and dry out thoroughly and quickly.
c. Type of device to be used to pressure the system.
d. Kind of chemical to be placed in the water to retard effects of chlorides.

69. What is one of the preferred methods for finding SCC?

a. LT.
b. RT.
c. AE.
d. PT.

70. Caustic embrittlement is a form of _______________ characterized by surface-initiated cracks that occur in piping
and equipment exposed to caustic, primarily adjacent non-PWHT’d welds.

a. Galvanic cracking.
b. Stress corrosion cracking.
c. Chloride cracking.
d. Fatigue cracking.

71. Primarily, where would you inspect for caustic embrittlement (caustic stress corrosion cracking)?

a. Examine the piping externally in long straight runs.

b. Look at area covered by insulation.
c. Check the piping internally, away from welds.
d. Inspect next to non-PWHT’d welds.

72. What materials are affected by caustic embrittlement?

a. Monel and Inconel are susceptible to caustic embrittlement.

b. Carbon steel and 300 series SS are susceptible to caustic embrittlement.
c. Titanium and Nickels 200 are susceptible to caustic embrittlement.
d. Incoloy and Nickel alloys are susceptible to caustic embrittlement.

73. In caustic embrittlement what two conditions, if change, will promote more sever cracking?

a. Change the location from inside to outside and decrease the temperature.
b. Decrease the temperature and the caustic concentration.
c. Increase the temperature and the caustic concentration.
d. Subject the equipment to more exposure to water and increase the stress level.

74. Caustic stress corrosion or caustic embrittlement typically propagates ___________________ to the weld in
adjacent base metal but can also occur in the weld deposit or heat affected zones.

a. Perpendicular.
b. Parallel.
c. Vertical.
d. At a 90 degree angle.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 10
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

75. Post weld heat treatment to stress relieve the equipment can help effectively in preventing coasting embrittlement
cracking of carbon steel. What temperature should be used for PWHT?

a. 650ªF.
b. 1550ªF.
c. 1150ªF.
d. 1450ªF.

76. An inspector calls for low pressure steam out of equipment that has caustic in preparation for weld repairs. The
inspector requires that the equipment that the equipment be washed thoroughly with clean water prior to steam out.
What does this prevent?

a. Amine stress corrosion cracking.

b. Chloride cracking.
c. Caustic embrittlement cracking,
d. Carbolic acid environmental cracking.

77. What method NDE is not effective for finding caustic embrittlement cracking when it is tight & scaled-filled?

a. RT.
b. VT.
c. PT
d. WFMT.

78. What are two other similar forms of alkaline stress corrosion cracking mechanisms?

a. Amine and carbonate cracking.

b. Hydrogen and peroxide cracking.
c. Hyper chlorite and oxalic acid cracking.
d. Formic acid and glycerin cracking.

79. High temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) results from exposure to hydrogen at elevated temperatures and
pressures. The hydrogen reacts with carbides in steel to form methane (CH4) which cannot diffuse through the
steel. The loss of _______________ causes an overall loss of strength.

a. Carbide.
b. Carbonate.
c. Calcium
d. Iron.

80. Which of the materials listed below are the least resistance to HTHA?

a. 300 series stainless steel.

b. 400 series stainless steel.
c. 9Cr-1Mo.
d. Carbon steel.

81. Using the curves in Figure 5-35 of API RP 571 for a hydrogen partial pressure of 2500 psi and a temperature of 900
degrees F, what material should be picked for use?

a. 2.25Cr-0.5Mo.
b. 3Cr-1Mo.
c. 1.25Cr-0.5Mo
d. Carbon steel.

82. Some units affected by HTHA are listed below. One of the ones listed is usually not considered a target. Pick this
unit.

a. Hydrocracker.
b. Crude still.
c. Catalytic reformer.
d. Hydrotreater.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 11
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

83. Early stages of HTHA can only be confirmed through advanced:

a. Acoustic emission testing.

b. Wet fluorescent magnetic particle testing.
c. Ultrasonic techniques such as SWUT.
d. Metallographic analysis of damaged areas.

84. Cracking and fissuring caused by HTHA are _______________ and occur adjacent to pearlite (iron carbide) areas in
carbon steels.

a. Surface oriented.
b. Subsurface.
c. Laminations.
d. Intergranular.

85. When using the API RP 941 curves for selecting and alloy steel for use, what increase in temperature is used as a
safety factor?

a. 10 to 20 degrees F.
b. 75 to 100 degrees F.
c. 100 to 200 degrees F.
d. 25 to 50 degrees F.

86. What material has been removed from the Nelson curves shown in Figure 5-35 of API RP 571 and in API RP 941?

a. 5Cr-0.5Mo.
b. 1Cr-0.5Mo.
c. 1.25Cr-0.5Mo.
d. C-0.5Mo.

87. Damage from HTMA occurs ______________ in welds or weld heat affected zones as well as in the base metal.

a. Early.
b. Randomly.
c. Late.
d. Occasionally.

88. What is not a proven method for the detection of HTHA damage?

a. VT.
b. AET.
c. WFMT.
d. RT.

89. Vibration induced fatigue is a form of ______________________

a. SCC.
b. Mechanical fatigue.
c. Erosion.
d. Atmospheric corrosion.

90. Vibration induced fatigue affects what equipment?

a. Socket welds and small bore piping.

b. Flow loops.
c. Small branch connections with unsupported valves.
d. All the above.

91. Which are critical factors for vibration induced fatigue?

a. Amplitude of vibration.
b. Frequency of vibration.
c. Marine environment.
d. A & b above.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 12
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

92. What determines the likelihood and severity of corrosion for flue gas dew point corrosion?

a. Concentration of sulfur and chlorides in the fuel.

b. And excess of vanadium in the fuel.
c. Condensation of hydrofluoric acid.
d. None of the above.

93. How do you prevent flue gas dew point corrosion in boilers?

a. Add vanadium to the fuel.

b. Burn low sulfur fuel.
c. Maintain the metallic surfaces at the back end above the temperature of sulfuric acid dew point corrosion.
d. Inject biocides into the flue gas.

94. How do you monitor wastage of economizer tubes?

a. Use UT method for wall thickness measurement.

b. Perform random RT on tubes.
c. Use AE.
d. Any or the above.

95. Where MIC is most often found?

a. In heat exchangers.
b. In piping in contact with some soils.
c. In piping with stagnant or low flow.
d. All the above.

96. How is the effectiveness of treatment monitored in cooling water systems?

a. Using AE.
b. Measuring biocide residuals.
c. Using velocity ratio technique.
d. Using ACFM technique.

97. What is the appearance of MIC?

a. Localized pitting under deposits or tubercles.

b. Branching cracks.
c. Tran granular cracks.
d. Step laminations.

98. Which of the following materials is affected by soil corrosion?

a. Series 300 SS.

b. Aluminum.
c. Carbon steel.
d. 9 Cr-1 Mo.

99. How should soil corrosion be monitored?

a. Taking UT measurements of the pipe.

b. Measuring the structure to soil potential.
c. Using profile radiography.
d. Visually.

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 13
 CODEWEST API‐570 COURSE – API 571 
COPYRIGHT © 2008 – J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST – DO NOT COPY OR DISTRIBUTE WITHOUT PERMISSION 

ANSWER KEY

1. d, 4.2.7.1
2. b, 4.2.7.2 55. b, 4.4.2.3 (d)
3. c, 4.2.7.3 (a) (i) (ii) (iii). 56. b, 4.4.2.5
4. b, 4.2.7.3 (e) 57. c, 4.4.2.6 (a)
5. a, 4.2.7.2 (a) 58. c, 4.4.2.7 (a) (b)
6. c, 4.2.7.4 (e) 59. c, 4.5.1.1
7. c, 4.2.7.6 (a) 60. d, 4.5.1.1
8. c, 4.2.9.1 61. b, 4.5.1.1
9. b, 4.2.9.1 62. d, 4.5.1.3 (d)
10. b, 4.2.9.2 63. d, 4.5.1.3 (f)
11. d, 4.2.9.2 (a) 64. c, 4.5.1.3 (g)
12. b, 4.2.9.4 (b) 65. c, 4.5.1.3 (j)
13. c, 4.2.9.6 (a) 66. c, 4.5.1.3 (l)
14. c, 4.2.9.7 (a) 67. c, 4.5.1.5 (c)
15. c, 4.2.14.1 (a) 68. b, 4.5.1.6 (b)
16. c, 4.2.14.2 (b) 69. d, 4.5.1.7 (b)
17. d, 4.2.14.4 (b) 70. b, 4.5.3.1
18. d, 4.2.14.4 (d) 71. d, 4.5.3.1
19. b, 4.2.14.5 (a) 72. b, 4.5.3.2
20. d, 4.2.14.6 (c) 73. c, 4.5.3.3 (b)
21. c, 4.2.14.6 (e) 74. b, 4.5.3.6 (a)
22. b, 4.2.14.7 (a) 75. c, 4.5.3.6 (a)
23. b, 4.2.14.7 (c) 76. c, 4.5.3.6 (d)
24. b, Table 4-3 77. c, 4.5.3.7 (b)
25. c, 4.2.16.2 78. a, 4.5.3.8
26. c, 4.2.16.4 (b) 79. a, 5.1.3.1 (a)
27. b, 4.2.16.5 (a) 80. d, 5.1.3.1.2
28. b, 4.2.16.6 (a) 81. b, 5.1.3.1.3 (d)
29. b, 4.2.16.7 (a) 82. b, 5.1.3.1.4 (a)
30. a, 4.3.2.1 83. d, 5.1.3.1.5 (c)
31. d, 4.3.2.2 84. d, 5.1.3.1.5 (e)
32. a, 4.3.2.3 (a) 85. d, 5.1.3.1.6 (b)
33. a, 4.3.2.3 (b) 86. d, 5.1.3.1.6 (d)
34. d, 4.3.2.3 (d) 87. b, 5.1.3.1.7 (a)
35. b, 4.3.2.3 (h) 88. b, 5.1.3.1.7 (f)
36. b, 4.2.3.6 89. b, 4.2.17.1
37. d, 4.2.3.7 90. d, 4.2.17.4 (a) (b) (c)
38. d, 4.3.3.1 91. d, 4.2.17.3 (a)
39. d, 4.3.3.2 92. a, 4.3.7.3 (a)
40. b, 4.3.3.3 (d) 93. c, 4.3.7.6 (a)
41. d, 4.3.3.4 (a) 94. a, 4.3.7.7 (a)
42. b, 4.3.3.4 (c) 95. d, 4.3.8.4 (a)
43. a, 4.3.3.3 (d) 4.3.3.5 (a) (b) 96. b, 4.3.8.7 (a)
44. a, 4.3.3.7 (d) 97. a, 4.3.8.5 (a)
45. b, 4.3.3.7 (g) (vi) 46 98. c, 4.3.9.2
46. d, 4.3.5.3 (a) 99. b, 4.3.9.7 (a)
47. a, 4.3.5.5. (a)
48. c, 4.3.5.5 (b)
49. b, 4.3.5.7 (c)
50. d, 4.4.2.1
51. b, 4.4.2.2 (c)
52. c, 4.4.2.3 (a)
53. a, 4.4.2.3 (b)
54. d, 4.4.2.3 (c)

COPYRIGHT © 2008‐J.W. COLEY, J.W. STOKES AND CODEWEST‐ALL RIGHTS RESERVED‐DO NOT COPY WITHOUT PERMISSION 14