An Introduction to

Building Information Modeling

(BIM)

Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir

Assistant Professor of CE&M,
SCEE – NUST
Let’s INTRODUCE

2
Who am I?

3
Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir
Assistant Professor of CE&M,
Director LQEC,
NIT, SCEE – NUST

4
 Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir

Academia:

• B.E.– Civil Engineering (2008)N.E.D. UET, Karachi.

• MS – CE&M (2011)NUST, Islamabad.

• Ph.D.– CE&M (2017)Bauhaus Universität Weimar, Germany.

5
 Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir
Industry:
• Contracts Engineer (Oct 11 –Dec 12)
Descon Engineering Ltd.
• Contracts & Planning Engineer (Jun 10 –Sep 11)
SMEC Pty Ltd.
• Civil Engineer -Trainee (Jun 09 –May 10
National Highway Authority.
• Site Engineer (Jan 09 –May 09)
Hayat Ali & Co. 6
 Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir
Research Interest:
• Building Information Modeling (BIM)
• Construction Law
• Contract Management/Delivery methods
• Construction Informatics
• Virtual Reality (VR) in Construction
• Construction Management/Project Management
• Health and Safety Management in Construction

7
 Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir
Ph.D. dissertation

Title:

A digital task instruction model for low-skilled construction workforce.

Main research areas:

-Building Information Modeling (BIM)
-Instructional Design
-Video tutorials
-Virtual Reality
8
 Dr.-Ing. Abdur Rehman Nasir
Ph.D. dissertation

9
Table of Contents
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
 What is BIM?
 BIM Process
 Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
 BIM Application
 BIM Advantages
 BIM Workflow
 BIM & Project Management
 BIM & Design Team Members
 BIM around the Globe
 Construction Industry with BIM 10
Typical Problems in Construction
Industry

11
 Problems in Construction Industry

Lot of Challenges…
– Poorly Coordinated Design
– 25% of world solid waste.
Documents – Buildings consume 30% of raw
– Change Orders & Rework materials.
– Delays & Cost Overruns – Buildings consume 42% world’s
energy
– Claims & Litigation
Source: Organization for Economics
– Greater Risk Cooperation & Development (OECD)

– Poor Turnover Documents

– Frustrated Owners
– Tight Profit Margins 12
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry

Reasons
 Lack of Proper Planning
 Lack of Coordination
 Lack of Professional Specialized Education
 Poor Decision Making
 Inefficient dispute resolution mechanism
 Lack of Mediation
 Difficulty in responsibility fixation
 Lack of Project Monitoring/ Program Monitoring
 Reluctance in adoption of new technology
 Lack in Value Engineering adoption
 Lack of Integrated Project Delivery

Low Business Share in International Market

 Dependence on Foreign Consultants in Pakistan
13
Typical Problems in Construction Industry

 30% of projects do not meet original program or budget

 92% of clients said that designers drawings are typically not
sufficient for construction
 37% of materials used in construction become waste

 10% of the cost of a project is typically due to change

orders

 38% of carbon emissions are from buildings not cars

CMAA Owners survey, CMAA Industry Report, Economist Magazine
14
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry

 A survey done by NED university ranked following management issues in the top 10
cost over run factors:
1. Fluctuation in prices of raw materials
2. Unstable cost of manufactured materials
3. High cost of machineries
4. Lowest bidding procurement method
5. Inefficient project (site) management/ Inefficient cost control
6. Long period between design and time of bidding/ tendering
7. Conventional method of cost estimation
8. Excessive change orders
9. Inadequate project planning Cost Overrun Factors in Construction Industry of Pakistan

10. Inappropriate government policies Nida Azhar, Rizwan U Farooqui, Syed M Ahmed
2008
15
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Construction Productivity

Stanford University

16
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Visualization and Communication

 Current tools and

process focus more on
documentation instead
of the building design.

 Architects, Engineers are

spending more time on
less important
redundant work.

17
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Visualization and Communication

 Communicating your design vision

to the client accurately to gain
approvals.

18
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Change Orders

 Inability to visualize the final product at the design

phase leads to changes in design in the
construction phase causing delays and extra cost.

 Monal Restaurant Islamabad:

Any guess?

122 Change orders!!!

19
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Communication Within Teams

Early Professional Practice

The Master Builder:

‘Master’ with multi-disciplinary education:

Architecture, mathematics, engineering, Ustad Ahmad Lahauri

materials, technology, etc.

Single point responsibility:

• Limited requirements for data sharing

and/or visualization…
Michelangelo 20
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Communication Within Teams
Growth in specialization/academic disciplines:
Architecture
Civil Engineering
 Materials science and engineering
 Architectural Design
 Coastal engineering
 Building Technology/Environmental Systems
 Community Design  Construction engineering

 Environment/Sustainability  Earthquake engineering

 Graphic Design  Environmental engineering

 History  Geotechnical engineering

 Housing  Water resources engineering
 Interior Design/Architecture  Structural engineering
 International And Regional Architecture  Surveying
 Landscape Design  Transportation engineering
 Preservation  Forensic engineering
 Tectonics  Municipal or urban engineering
 Urban Planning and Design  Control engineering 21
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Communication Within Teams

 Over the wall syndrome, less

coordination between the
design team is resulting in
poor quality of work.

22
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Communication between Stakeholders

 Coordination and
collaboration issues
between different stake
holders causing
dissatisfaction of
everyone.

23
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Current tools and

workflow doesn’t
support coordinated
work which increases
cost and time of the
project as well as
decreases its quality.
 Changes to the building
design result in
coordination errors.

24
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Communication between Stakeholders

 2D Drawings causes
miscommunication

25
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Current tools and

workflow doesn’t
support coordinated
work which increases
cost and time of the
project as well as
decreases its quality.
 Changes to the building
design result in
coordination errors.

26
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Current tools and

workflow doesn’t
support coordinated
work which increases
cost and time of the
project as well as
decreases its quality.
 Changes to the building
design result in
coordination errors.

27
Typical Challenges in Construction Industry
Coordination

28
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Current tools and

workflow doesn’t
support coordinated
work which increases
cost and time of the
project as well as
decreases its quality.
 Changes to the building
design result in
coordination errors.

29
Typical Challenges in Construction Industry
Coordination

False Ceiling is not provided in Corridors in the

Original Design. 30
Typical Challenges in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Entrance Stairs to Void Area is not

provided in Design.

 Rain Water during heavy shower

accumulates into the corridors
from void area opening.

31
Typical Challenges in Construction Industry
Coordination

Supply & Return pipes for outdoor

units are provided on exterior side of
the building.

32
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Current tools and

workflow doesn’t
support coordinated
work which increases
cost and time of the
project as well as
decreases its quality.
 Changes to the building
design result in
coordination errors.

33
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

 Current tools and

workflow doesn’t
support coordinated
work which increases
cost and time of the
project as well as
decreases its quality.
 Changes to the building
design result in
coordination errors.

34
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

35
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Coordination

36
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Cost Uncertainty

 Manual quantity
estimation is a time
taking process with low
accuracy.
 Majority of the projects
are over budgeted.
 Design change effect on
the budget is not easily
reflected.
37
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Unsafe Construction Site

 Unsafe practices and

absence of safety
procedures and planning
at site causes injuries and
loss of lives.

38
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Less Prefabrication more Onsite Work

 More work on-site, less

off-site
 Main reason is
incomprehensibility
during design phase,
errors in drawings and
inaccuracy during
construction
 More cost, less quality

39
 Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Poor Planning and Project Delays
Causes of Delay:
 Changes in drawings
 Finance and payments
 Improper equipment
 Inaccurate time estimation
 Inaccurate cost estimation
 Delay in payments to supplier and
subcontractor  Change orders
 Poor site management  Organizational changes
 Old technology  Regulatory changes
 Natural disasters
 Unforeseen site condition
 Shortage of material
 Delays caused by subcontractors 40
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Poor Site and Procurement Management

 In any construction
project 10 -15 % of the
material is wasted.
 Main reason is
improper design issues
as well as site
management.

41
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Poor Facility Management Data

 Facility Data is not properly

transferred to the client at
the time of handover.
 O&M Manuals are manually
transferred & physically
stored.
 Data is lost with the
passage of time.
 Data is very difficult to
retrieve for maintenance
and renovation. 42
What is BIM?

43
 Building Information
Modeling

OWNERS

 “a digital representation of physical

and functional characteristics of a BUILDING
facility. As such it serves as a shared BUILDERS &
INFORMATION
MODELING ARCHITECTS
knowledge resource for information FABRICATORS

about a facility forming a reliable basis

for decisions during its life cycle from
inception onward.”
National Building Information Modeling Standard CIVIL
ENGINEERS
2007 MEP SYSTEMS
ENGINEERS
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
44
Building Information
Modeling

45
 Building Information
Modeling

OWNERS

 “BIM is an integrated workflow process

built on coordinated, reliable
information about a project from BUILDING
INFORMATION
design through construction and into BUILDERS &
FABRICATORS
MODELING ARCHITECTS

operations.”
Eastman et al. 2011

CIVIL
ENGINEERS
MEP SYSTEMS
ENGINEERS
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
46
 Building Information
Modeling

 “a digital representation of physical OWNERS

and functional characteristics of a

facility. As such it serves as a shared
BUILDING
knowledge resource for information BUILDERS &
INFORMATION
MODELING
about a facility forming a reliable basis
ARCHITECTS
FABRICATORS

for decisions during its life cycle from

inception onward.”
National Building Information Modeling Standard
2007 CIVIL
ENGINEERS
MEP SYSTEMS
ENGINEERS
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
47
 Building Information
Modeling

 “Through BIM, an intelligent and object OWNERS

oriented model with capabilities of

parametric digital representation of
BUILDING
the building is obtained, from which BUILDERS &
INFORMATION
MODELING
drawings and appropriate data can
ARCHITECTS
FABRICATORS

easily be extracted and then-after

analyzed for in time decision-making
beside improving the project delivery
process.” CIVIL
ENGINEERS
MEP SYSTEMS
AGC 2006 ENGINEERS
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
48
 Building Information
Modeling

OWNERS

 “Building Information Modeling serves

as a shared knowledge resource for BUILDING
information about a facility forming a BUILDERS &
INFORMATION
MODELING ARCHITECTS
reliable basis for decisions during its life
FABRICATORS

cycle from inception onward.”

BuidlngSMART Alliance 2010

CIVIL
ENGINEERS
MEP SYSTEMS
ENGINEERS
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
49
 Building Information
Modeling

OWNERS

 “Building Information Model, or BIM is a

parametric, 3D model that is used to BUILDING
generate plans, sections, elevations, BUILDERS &
INFORMATION
MODELING ARCHITECTS
perspectives, details, schedules- all of FABRICATORS

the necessary components to

document the design of a building.”
Mastering Autodesk Revit Architecture 2011
CIVIL
ENGINEERS
MEP SYSTEMS
ENGINEERS
STRUCTURAL
ENGINEERS
50
 BIM
is
Object Oriented

51
 BIM
is
Parametric Modeling

52
Evolution of Design Process

Hand drafting Computer Aided Building Information

Drafting Modelling

53
The CAD Evolution

54
 Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

BIM Drawing Method

CAD Drawing Method

55
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

56
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
57
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
58
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
59
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
60
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
61
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
62
Difference between CAD and Parametric
Modeling

Section
Floor Plan

3D View

Elevation

Schedule
63
 Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Multiple views are generated from one

model, such as:

- Floor Plans

- Sections

- Elevations

- Details

64
Building Information Modeling (BIM)

Not just a model It’s a Database

65
Types of Data:

 Physical
 Material
 Appearance
 Cost
 Identity
 Life cycle
 Thermal property

66
Parametric families of Windows in BIM:
Revit

67
Parametric families of objects

68
Door Schedule

69
BIM Process

55
Not just a
software
package.

BIM is a
process
which
applies
over to
whole
building
71
lifecycle
Evolution towards a new process

Current

BIM

72
Communication and Knowledge Exchange

?
?
?
? ?
? ?
? ? ?
?

? ? ?
? ?

Current BIM 73
Evolution towards a new design
process

59
Evolution towards a new design
process

60
Influence of BIM on Industry
Problems

76
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Design Visualization and Communication
BIM solution: Visualize your Design and Communicate it better

 Using the better visualization

tools the design can be easily
communicated to the non
technical client.
 Changes can easily be
incorporated in design using
client feedback, reducing
change orders thus overall
cost of the project.
 More time is spent designing
than drafting.
77
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Design Communication Within Teams
BIM Solution: Improved Design Communication
 Increased client satisfaction
through more effective (BIM)
communications.

78
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Design Communication With stakeholders
BIM Solution: Improved Design Communication

 BIM ensures better

communication between
different stake holders.

79
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Design Communication With stakeholders
BIM Solution: Improved Design Communication

 Instead of 2D drawings
information is shared in the
form of BIM model which
clearly communicate the
design intent to all
stakeholders which are
involved in a building lifecycle.

80
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Coordination
BIM Solution: Improved Coordination and Clash Detection
 Better visualization during
design, coordinated drawings
and clash detection tools
reduces clashes between
various elements which causes
delay in construction work
resulting in increase of the
budget as well as client
dissatisfaction from the
building makers.

81
 Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Coordination
BIM Solution: Improved Coordination and Clash Detection
 Better visualization during
design, coordinated drawings
and clash detection tools
reduces clashes between
various elements which causes
delay in construction work
resulting in increase of the
budget as well as client
dissatisfaction from the
building makers.

82
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Cost Uncertainty
BIM Solution: Greater predictability
 BIM automates the quantity
extraction process.
 Different design options and
there impact on cost can be
obtained easily without much
effort and in less time.
 Material usage at different
stages of the project can also
be tracked using BIM.

83
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Unsafe Construction Site
BIM Solution: Better Safety Planning

 BIM also improves the safety

situation of site.
 Different possible situations
can be simulated using the
BIM tools so that proper safety
plans can be designed
according.

84
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Less Prefabrication more Onsite work
BIM Solution: Design Accurately , More prefabrication
 BIM allows accurate design which
increases ability to prefabricate.
 Like a "spell - check" device, the
computer tells engineers if parts don't
fit.
 Different components of building can
be manufactured first and installed
later at the site.
 Improves quality and reduces time
and cost.

85
 Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Less Prefabrication more Onsite work
BIM Solution: Design Accurately , More prefabrication

Boeing 777- First paperless Design

 Boeing 747, 75,000 engineering

drawings
 The thousands of engineers who
manually worked on these designs
rarely compared notes.
 Boeing 787, parts manufactured in 5
continents

86
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

87
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

88
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

89
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

90
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

91
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

92
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

93
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

94
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

95
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

96
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

97
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

98
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Planning and Procurement Management
Solution: Better Planning & Management

99
Influence of BIM on Industry Problems
Problem: Poor Facility Management Data
BIM Solution: All building data at one place!

 Using BIM the facility data as

well as Operation Manuals of
different building
components can all be
stored in one single model.
 This data can be used for
renovation as well as
maintenance.

100
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Energy Consumption by Buildings

 Buildings around the globe consume about 48% of

the total electricity produced.
 Need of Green Buildings to decrease the demand.

101
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Energy Consumption by Buildings

Impact of Construction Industry on Climatic Changes

 The report, “Hot Cities: battle-ground for climate change" from the United
Nations Human Settlement Program, or UN-HABITAT, shows that while the
world's cities only cover 2 % of global land area, they account for a
staggering 70 % of greenhouse-gas emissions.
 If half of new commercial buildings were built to use 50% less energy, it would
save over 6 million metric tons of CO2 annually for the life of the buildings—the
equivalent of taking more than 1 million cars off the road every year.

102
Typical Problems in Construction Industry
Energy Consumption by Buildings
Importance of Green buildings for Pakistan
 Pakistan with 2.56% of world population contributes only 0.8% to global
GHG (Green House Gases) emissions yet ranks 16th on Climatic Change
Vulnerability Index.
 Pakistan was most affected country for 2010.
 Climatic Changes costing economy $14 Billion a year (35.6% of economy-
2014-2015)
 Frequent Floods and Droughts.

103
BIM Solution
More Sustainable Design
 BIM allows energy
analysis for sustainable
design at early phase of
design.
 Energy analysis of
different design options
can be easily performed
making the final building
more green.

104
 3 Minute Activity!

Define BIM in your own

words

105
BIM Applications

106
3D Modeling: Visualization

3D  Animations, renderings, walk-

throughs
 Existing Conditions Models
- Laser Scanning
- Ground Penetration Radars
(GPR) conversions
 Safety & Logistics Models
 BIM driven prefabrication
 Clash Detection
107
4D Modeling: Time

WRITE
THREE (03)
points that come to your mind after
watching the shown video

108
4D Modeling: Time

4D
SCHEDULING
 Project Phasing Simulations
 Visual Validation for
Payment Approval

109
5D Modeling: Cost

WRITE
THREE (04)
characteristics of 5D BIM after watching the
shown video

110
 5D Modeling: Cost

5D
ESTIMATING
 Real time conceptual
modeling and cost planning
 Quantity extraction to support
detailed cost estimates
 Trade verifications from
Models
 Value Engineering

111
6D Modeling: Energy

6D
SUSTAINABILITY
 Conceptual energy analysis
 Detailed energy analysis
 Life cycle energy
performance of building
 Lighting and day lighting
analysis
 Sun & shadow studies
 Airflow Analysis
 Climate Analysis
 Solar Radiation Analysis
112
 7D Modeling: Facility Management

WRITE
THREE (03)
advantages of 7D BIM in the perspective of client
after watching the shown video

113
7D Modeling: Facility Management

7D
FACILITY MANAGEMENT
APPLICATIONS
 BIM embedded O&M
manuals
 Computerized building
database for record,
renovation and
maintenance.

114
BIM is not only 7D

BIM is nD Modeling
Sky is the limit!
115
 2D Drawings

BIM Applications

Structural
Analysis Visualization

Lighting
Clash
Analysis
Detection

Heating & Cooling

Load Calculations Energy
Analysis 116
Shadow Study
BIM Applications

Construction
Simulation

Schedules &
Quantities

117
BIM Advantages

99
BIM Advantages

 Let repetitive work be done by the machine

 Draw more precisely
 Draw quicker
 Concentrate on the building instead of the drawing
 Get rid of paper by electronic documents
 Let ‘intelligent’ functionality take care of certain tasks
(automation)

100
Benefits of BIM
 Better outcomes through collaboration
 Enhanced performance
 Optimized solutions
 Greater predictability
 Faster project delivery
 Reduced risk factor
 Fits first time
 Reduced waste
 Whole life asset management
 Continual improvement 101
Benefits of BIM : What the BIM users Say?

69 % Improved Collective Understanding of Design Intent

62 % Improved overall project quality

59 % Reduced conflicts during construction

56 % Reduced changes during construction

44 % Fast Client Approval Cycles

43 % Better cost control/predictability

43 % Reduced number of RFIs (Requests for Information)

102
Source: Smart Market Report, Business Value of BIM in Europe.
McGraw Hill Construction 2010
Benefits of BIM : What the BIM users Say?

122
BIM Workflow

123
Level of details (LOD) in BIM

LOD-100
Conceptual Non-geometric lines, areas or volume
Design zones

Scheduling Total Project Construction duration

Cost Conceptual cost estimation
Estimation

Energy Strategy and performance criteria

Analysis based on volumes and areas

Milestones Outline Planning Permission and

Project feasibility

124
Level of details (LOD) in BIM

LOD-200
Preliminary Three dimension-generic elements
Design

Scheduling Time-scaled, ordered appearance

of major activities

Cost Estimated cost based on

Estimation measurement of generic element

Energy Conceptual design based on

Analysis geometry and assumed system types

Milestones Planning Approval and Design &

Build Tender Documentation

125
Level of details (LOD) in BIM

LOD-300
Detailed Specific elements with dimensions,
design capacities and space relationships

Scheduling Time scaled ordered appearance of

detailed assemblies

Cost Estimated cost based on measurement

Estimation of specific assembly

Energy Approximate simulation

Analysis

Milestones Building Plan Approval, Continued

Design & Build Tender Documentation
or Design-Bid- Build Tender
Documentation
126
Level of details (LOD) in BIM

LOD-400

Construction Shop Drawing/fabrication with

Design manufacture, installation and other
specified information
Scheduling Fabrication and assembly detail
including construction means and
methods
Cost Committed purchase price of specific
Estimation assembly at buyout

Energy Precise simulation based on specific

Analysis information

Milestones Constructability and Fabrication

127
Level of details (LOD) in BIM

LOD-500

Design As built

Scheduling N/A

Cost As built
Estimation

Energy Commissioning and recording of

Analysis measured performance

Milestones Final Completion

128
BIM Maturity Level
3D, 5D, 6D, 7D

129
Some BIM Softwares

Ceapoint

130
System Requirement

Minimum Recommended
 Processor i5  Processor i7
 8 Gb RAM  16 Gb Ram
 2 Gb graphics card  2 Gb graphics card
(optional) (optional)

131
BIM Workflow

Concept
Structure Architecture MEP

Concept
Concept Concept
Sketch
Framing Services
Sketch Sketch
DD + Analysis

BIM
Architectural
Model
Final D+D

132
BIM Workflow

Concept
Structure Architecture MEP

BIM
Architectural
Model
DD + Analysis

ETABS PHOENICS

IES
STRAND7 BIM BIM
Structure MEP
Model Model STEPS
RAM
BIM
Robot Coordination DiALux
Model
Final D+D

133
BIM Workflow

Concept
Structure Architecture MEP
DD + Analysis

Final
BIM
Final D+D

Structural MEP Final

Architecture
Final D+D D+D
Final D+D
134
BIM Workflow
Structure Architecture MEP

Concept Concept
Concept
Concept
Sketch
Framing Services
Sketch Sketch

BIM
DD + Analysis

Architectural
ETABS PHOENICS
Model

STRAND7 BIM BIM IES

Structure BIM MEP
Model Model
Co-ordination
RAM Model STEPS

DIALux
Robot
Final BIM
Final D+D

Structural MEP Final

Final D+D Architecture D+D
Final D+D
135
 BIM Workflow
Not so Simple!
Architectural Model
Structural Model

Plumbing Model

HVAC Model

Electrical Model
136
BIM Workflow

137
BIM Workflow

Architectural Structural MEP Model

Model Model

Clash
QTO
BIM Detection

Structural
Analysis
Visualization
Energy
Analysis

Solar Study &

Lighting Analysis

138
 Work sets Defined

Work sharing
Elements assigned
to work sets.

Central file saved

on shared location

Users Generate
Local files

Owner assignment

Collaborative
working

Synchronize 139
Clash Detection in BIM

Mechanical
Model

Structural Model

140
Clash Detection in BIM

141
Clash Detection in BIM

142
143
 Lighting Analysis in BIM

Analysis
Software

Architectural
Electrical Fixtures
Model

144
 Shadow Study

 Solar studies can be easily performed at

early stages of design.
 Building orientation, windows and lights
placement can be made using these
studies.
 Day to Night solar study.
 Season to season solar study.

145
Shadow Study

Winter Solar
Study

146
Shadow Study

Summer Solar
Study

147
Wind Analysis Results

NESPAK House
Date: 19th November
2014
Time: 04:00 PM
Wind Speed: 10.02 ft/s
Wind Direction: From
west to east
148
 Heating & Cooling Loads

 Heating and Cooling requirement of various

design options can be obtained.
 Materials and design with least energy
requirement can be selected
 Energy Efficient designs

149
Improved Project Management
by BIM

150
Project Management Principles

 Triple limit:
Scope – Time Duration - Cost

Performance
Scope

Duration
Calendar
Budget

Cost
151
Construction Project phases

152
 BIM in preconstruction 153
Improved project scope definition
 Better and effective communication
with stakeholders regarding goals
and requirements of a project.

 Better depiction of reality using

model makes easier to understand
and see the consequences of
decisions that are made in pre
construction phase.

 Reduced number of change orders,

conflict and request for information
( RFI ).
 BIM in preconstruction
Budgeting
 Automated model generated BOQ’s gives
accurate quantities at very early stages of
design.

 Different design alternatives cost can be

generated in less time.

 Supports complete lifecycle, cost estimate

of different phases of construction can be
obtained.

154
 BIM in preconstruction
Coordinated errorless design and drawings

 Clash detection of
different systems at design
stage.

 Error less, reliable and

coordinated design and
drawings.

155
 BIM in Construction
Site Planning
 Construction site can be
effectively managed using
visualization.

 Crane location and

operation can be
visualized earlier.

 Logistics organization can

be planned better.

156
 BIM in Construction
Scheduling
 3D schedule enables better planning.

 Current techniques (Gantt chart, network diagrams) can

be supported with visuals.

 Easy to understand for non technical people.

 Subsequent day/week/month activities can be

visualized by construction team to plan their work.

 Help determine which thing should come first.

 Reduces construction errors and wastage of material. 157

 BIM in Construction
Procurement Management
 Phasing models can be used to get
accurate quantities of materials with
respect to time.

 Less material to be stored on site,

help prevent physical damages and
stealing issues.

 Automated field material ordering.

158
BIM in Construction
Safety Management

159
 BIM in Project Monitoring &
Controlling
 Schedule and cost progress can be
compared with model.

 Contractors, subcontractors can be

asked to submit current models to
show their progress.

 Cost variance can be checked by

using models.

160
 BIM in Risk Management
 BIM allows us to look into the future and experience
how the facility will work before completion, thus
eliminating or reducing significant risks.

 Better visualization in earlier phase reduce design

changes, change orders at construction stage.

 Collisions detected before the start of construction

can prevent rework in the field.

 Model generated drawings and documents reduce

errors and omission risk associated with design
documents.
161
 BIM and Sustainability
 Site conditions can by analyzed including wetlands
and protected habitats, using the site model to
coordinate logistics better to eliminate potential
issues.

 If a model is available of an existing building,

contractor can use the data to determine which
material can be reused or recycled.

 Model can be used to determine and track

amount of recycled content usage percentages
of the project.

 Material radius ( 500 mile- LEED requirement) 162

BIM & Design Team
Members

163
 Architects

 Better visualization during design.

 Conceptual model can be used for further work.
 Focused effort on design rather than documentation.
 Changes easily accommodated in drawings and documents.
 Better presentations for clients.
 Design intent can be communicated to design participants
effectively and efficiently.
 Solar studies, energy analysis at conceptual stage helps to create
sustainable designs.
 Single model can be used for various purposes and can be further
transferred to other design participants for there use. 164
 Structural Engineer

 Single model can be used for drawing generation as well

as for analysis.
 Change in design can be accommodated easily without
extra time and effort.
 More project details can be developed in early stages of
design.
 Less time spent on production of drawings and
documentation.

165
Structural Engineer
BIM Modeling

Physical Model Analytical Model

166
Structural Engineer Architectural Drawings

Traditional Work Flow Interpretation of

drawings

Identification of
Structural Information

Development of framing Development of

plans etc. by draftsman Analyses model

Code Verifications

Detail Drawings

 Structural Software very isolated

in terms of the information they Passed onto other
design team members
provide upstream and
downstream.
167
Structural Engineer
Linking
Architectural Model

Revit & Copying levels and

ETABS/SAP2000 Link
grids

Copy/Monitor
structural elements

Structural Model
Revit Model

ETABS/SAP2000

Structural Analyses

Detail Drawings

Passed onto other

ETABS Model Design team members

168
 HVAC & Plumbing Engineer

 Heating & Cooling loads can be easily obtained using

architectural model.
 Coordination with other specialties.
 More design effort results in less work on site.
 Precise prefabrication due to accurate designs.

169
 Electrical Engineer

 Architect’s model can be used for lighting analysis.

 Same electrical model can be used for analysis as well as
for documentation purposes.

170
BIM Roles – Project Design

171
BIM around the Globe

172
51%

173
Government Supported BIM
Initiatives
 Finland
 Norway
 Denmark
 Singapore
 United States of America
 United Kingdom
 Australia

174
United States

 In 2003 General Services Administration (GSA), through its Public

Buildings Service (PBS) Office of Chief Architect (OCA), established
the National 3D-4D-BIM Program.
 In 2006 the GSA mandated that new buildings designed through its
Public Buildings Service use BIM in the design stage.
 For all major projects receiving design funding in Fiscal Year 2007
and beyond, GSA requires BIM in them.

175
The Panama Canal Expansion Project
Location : San diego, U.S.
Cost: $6 billion
Type: Expansion project
176
VivaNext Bus Rapid Transit system project
Location: Toronto , Canada
Cost : $730 million project
Type : 7km of roadways, 22stations , two
bridges
177
United Kingdom

 The Government Construction Strategy was published by the

Cabinet office on 31 May 2011. The report announced the
Governments intention to require: collaborative 3D BIM (with all
project and asset information, documentation and data being
electronic) on its projects by 2016.

178
Use of BIM in UK
USE OF BIM
2010 2011 2012 2013

31
Currently use BIM 41
43
54

62
In 1 year's time we will use BIM 75
77
81

82
In 3 years' time we will use BIM 90
91
93

86
In 5 years' time we will use BIM 94
93
95

NBS- National BIM Report 2014

179
European Union

 European Union Public Procurement Directive (EUPPD)-

January 2014 requires that all the 28 European Member
States may encourage, specify or mandate the use of
BIM for publicly funded construction and building
projects in the European Union by 2016.

180
BIM in China

 BIM has been included as part of the National

12th Five Year Plan (2011 – 2015).
 The China BIM Union has been approved as
the China Industry Technology Innovation
Strategic Alliance by the Ministry of Science
and Technology of the People's Republic of
China in 2013.

181
BIM in Singapore

 The Building and Construction Authority (BCA) has

announced that BIM would be introduced for
architectural, structural and M&E submissions (by 2014)
and eventually for plan submissions of all projects with
gross floor area of more than 5,000 square meters by
2015.
 This is part of the government’s plan to improve the
construction industry’s productivity by up to 25% over
the next decade.

182
BIM in South Korea

 South Korea’s Public Procurement

Service made the use of BIM
compulsory for all projects over $40
million and for all public sector projects
by 2016.

183
BIM in Dubai

 As of 1st January 2014, Dubai Municipality has made

application of BIM modelling to Architectural and
Electro-Mechanical (MEP) works mandatory for the
following:

1. Buildings with more than 40 stories height.

2. Buildings with area more than 300,000 square feet.
3. Specialized buildings such as Hospitals, Universities and
all similar buildings.
4. All buildings submitted by foreign offices.

184
BIM in Iran

 The Iran Building Information Modeling Association

(IBIMA) shares knowledge resources to support
construction engineering management decision-
making. It was founded in 2012 by professional engineers
from five universities in Iran, including the Civil and
Environmental Engineering Department at Amirkabir
University of Technology, Tehran

185
 Use of BIM in India

 BIM is gaining popularity among

professionals / organizations within the
Indian built environment sector.

 It is largely in its ‘experimentation’

phase in India as compared to the
developed world, especially when
the maturity and level of
implementation is taken into account.

 India is becoming a major BIM

Outsourcing Engine.

186
BIM in India

 Bangalore Metro System

mandates BIM

 Mott MacDonald is providing

detailed engineering and
architectural services

187
 BIM in India

Chennai International Airport

Expansion Project

Designer:
Frederic Schwartz Architects (USA)
Hargreaves Associates (USA)
Gensler (USA)
Creative Group (India)
Yugasoft (India)

Contractor:
Herve Pomerleau International (Canada)
Punj Lloyd (India)
L&T (India)
Use of BIM reduced the material wastage by 3.5 to 4% and
Nagarjuna Constructions (India)
increased productivity by more than 30% : Yugasoft

188
BIM in India

Project : Power Plant

Category : Industrial - Plant
Location : Vidharbha(India)
Area : 1,85,600 sq mtr

189
BIM in India

Project : Personal Rapid Transit

Category : Transportation
Location : Amritsar, India
Length : 4 km track & 7 stations

190
BIM in India

Project : IBIS Hotel

Location : Chennai (India)
Contractor : SSPDL Interserve Private Ltd
Area : 16,481 sq mtr

191
Current State of BIM in the Middle
East
 A rapid uncontrolled demand of BIM
 Qatar is leading
 Government and Owners showing interest
 Contractors and Consultants seeking to quickly adopt BIM
 Technology driven BIM, little emphasis on strategy, process or
Standards

192
Major Projects across Middle East
mandated with BIM
Abu Dhabi Airport Midfield Terminal Buildings
Category: Airport
Capacity: 20 million people
Contractor: TAV, CCC and Arabtec.
Consultant: Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates, Engineering
Consultants Group

193
 Major Projects across Middle East
mandated with BIM
Al Mafraq Hospital

Category: Hospital
Location: Abu Dhabi
Architect: Burt Hill
Contractor: Habtoor Leighton Group

194
 Major Projects across Middle East
mandated with BIM
King Abdul Aziz Center for World
Culture

Caragory: Cultural Building

Location: Saudi Arabia
Area: 80,000 sqm
Architect: Snohetta
Contractor: Saudi Oger

195
Major Projects across Middle East
mandated with BIM
Doha Metro Gold Line

Category: Transportation
Location: Doha,Qatar
Consultant: Atkins
Contractors: L&T along with its joint-venture (JV)
partners Aktor in Greece, Yapi Merkezi Insaat and
STFA Group of Turkey, and Qatar's Al Jaber
Engineering

196
 Major Projects across Middle East
mandated with BIM
Masdar Headquarters

Category: City Headquarter Building

Location: Abu Dhabi
Area: 100,00 sqm
Architect: Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture
Contractor: Brookfield Multiplex

197
World first positive energy building (planned)
 Major Projects across Middle East
mandated with BIM
Louvre Museum

Category: Cultural Building

Location: Abu Dhabi
Area: 24,000 sqm
Architect: Jean Nouvel
Structural engineer: Buro Happold

198
BIM In Pakistan

199
NESPAK HOUSE- ISLAMABAD

Architectural
Model
200
NESPAK HOUSE- ISLAMABAD

Structural
Model

201
NESPAK HOUSE- ISLAMABAD

HVAC
Model

202
 203

Rendered Image

Rendered Image
Rendered Image

204
Clash Detection Results

205
Clash Detection Results

1st Floor vs Ground Floor vertical Duct 206

Clash Detection Results

4’-2”

4th Floor Vertical Duct vs 5th Floor slab 207

Clash Detection Results

Return Duct passing through

Plumbing soil and drainage shaft
208
Quantity Takeoff Results

Item Model NESPAK Unit

Quantity BOQ
Concrete in RCC 17006 17250 Cft
Walls
Concrete in 16959 17000 Cft
Columns
Concrete in Raft 62863 63100 Cft
Foundations
Bricks 40266 42400 Cft
Wood Skirting 3261 3000 Rft 209
Energy Analysis Results
Annual Carbon Emissions = 67 tons/yr
(Conceptual)
Annual Carbon Emissions = 40 tons/ yr
(Actual)

Saved = 27 tons/yr
% Saved = 40 %

210
 Energy Analysis Results

Potential Energy Savings/Loss Potential Energy Savings/Loss 211

(Conceptual) (Actual)
Heating & Cooling Loads

With Cladding Without Cladding Saved

Peak Load Value 343 408 65
(Tons/h)
Cost per anum Rs 21.3 millions Rs 24.7 millions Rs 4.05
(diesel) millions

212
Lighting Analysis Results

NESPAK House – Ground Floor

9 AM
1 September
Artificial Lights only

213
Lighting Analysis Results

NESPAK House –
Ground Floor
3 pm
01 September
Sun+ Artificial
214
Lighting Analysis Results

NESPAK House –
Ground Floor
Right wing
4pm
17 November
Sun + Artificial
Lights
215
Wind Analysis Results

NESPAK House
Date: 19th November
2014
Time: 04:00 PM
Wind Speed: 10.02 ft/s
Wind Direction: From
west to east
216
Structural Analysis

217
Structural Analysis

Deflections

Moment Distribution

218
 Structural Analysis

Detailed Column Analysis Report

Detailed Beam Analysis Report

219
Results-Errors in Drawings

Ventilator size inappropriate, colliding with column 220

Results-Errors in Drawings

Ventilators out of alignment 221

Results- Errors in Drawings

Awkward
projection in
upper
basement
222
Results

Collision of pipes in plumbing model

223
Results

Setting elevation of plumbing pipes 224

Results

Enhanced Visualization highlights extraneous elements not visible in

2D 225
Results

Difference between architectural and structural drawing 226

JINNAH POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL
COMPLEX- KARACHI

Architectural
Model
227
228
229
JINNAH POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL
COMPLEX- KARACHI

Structural Model
Ground +5, 400 Bed
Project Cost : Rs 942 Million
Area: 60,000230
sq ft
HVAC Model
231
Plumbing Model
232
HVAC &
233
Plumbing Model
Families

234
Coordination
between systems
For clash detection
235
236
237
Clash

238
239
Clash

240
241
242
 Quantity Takeoff Results
Item Model Quantity BOQ Unit
Door D3a 17 15 No
Door D7 17 7 No
Door SGD1 711 711 Sft
Door SGD2 805 920 Sft
Door D1 1720 1880 Sft
Door D1a 2573 1873 Sft
Door D1b 588 462 Sft
Door D2 5208 489 Sft
Door D3 2215 1456 Sft
Door D4 1248 1280 Sft243
 Quantity Takeoff Results
Item Model Quantity BOQ Unit
Door D5 1480 1160 Sft
Door D5a 1728 1536 Sft
Door D6 240 432 Sft
Window W1 672 678 Sft
Window 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 8407 8357 Sft
Window V1,V2,V3 312 261 Sft
Fixed type FG 1753 479 Sft
½” thick plaster with 1:6 cement sand 494282 454384 Sft
mortar on interior walls
3/4” thick, 1:4 cement sand plaster to 142183 134676 Sft
exterior surface 244
 Quantity Takeoff Results
Item Model BOQ Unit
Quantity
Aluminum perforated (24”X24”) false ceiling 14722 15566 Sft
Gypsum board (24”x24” / 4’ x 8’) false ceiling 130783 146904 Sft
24”x24” anti microbial aluminum false ceiling 8449 16366 Sft
Porcelain tile 24” x 24” 108627 99194 Sft
Porcelain tile 12” x 24” 8892 10963 Sft
Footing / Foundations Concrete 80307 83632 Cft
Plinth Beams Concrete 8799 8945 Cft
UG Water tank Concrete 4753 4586 Cft
Sub Structure Shear Walls Concrete 2734 3006 Cft
245
Lighting Analysis Results

JPMC Oncology–
5th Floor
9 am
01 January
Artificial
Intermediate Sky 246
 Errors
 93 issues identified
and catered for in
architectural
drawings.
 About 40 issue
identified and
catered for in
structural
drawings.

247
Typical Errors

Different door dimension in plan and section 248

Typical Errors

Contradiction in labelled and drawing dimension 249

Typical Errors

Doors without tags 250

Typical Errors

Contradiction in drawing 251

DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (DFID)- Schools Project

252
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (DFID)- Schools Project

253
DEPARTMENT OF INTERNATIONAL
DEVELOPMENT (DFID)- Schools Project

254
Workflow One Room
Modules : 3
Purpose : Construction
Documentation

255
Workflow Two Rooms
Modules : 3
Purpose : Construction
Documentation

256
Construction Industry
with BIM

257
BIM Implementation Challenges
 Training
 Time / initial impact on productivity
 Current project delivery methods don’t support
much collaboration
 Interoperability
 Hardware requirements
 Level of detail modelled
 Standardizing BIM output
 Resistance to change – “haven’t we been
through this before? It’ll never work….”
258
Construction Industry with BIM

New Business Offer New Services Increased Profits

259
Construction Industry with BIM

Overall Better Project Reduced Construction Reduced Overall

Outcomes Cost Project Duration

260
Construction Industry with BIM

Reduced Documents
Errors & Omissions Reduced Rework Energy Efficient
Designs

261
Construction Industry with BIM

262
Way forward

 Recognize future benefits of BIM

 Act now, be the local market leader
 Compulsory element to compete in international markets
 Support employees in seeking new knowledge
 Consider including BIM approaches in the companies future vision
and mission
 Actively contribute to innovative industry research
 Implement BIM processes continuously in the service provision

263
264
3 Minute Activity

What do you infer watching the shown video?

265
Inspirational!

Aus den Steinen die in der Weg geliegt

werden, kann Mann schones Bauen.
Goethe

From the stones (barriers) laying in one’s

path, something very Beautiful can be
constructed.

266
Thank You!

267