Python in 30 minutes!

*
Fariz Darari

* Recommended slide reading time unless otherwise specified

Not this python, unfortunately

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But this Python!

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 But this Python!

Programming Language

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 But this Python!

Programming Language

Created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum

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 But this Python!

Cross Platform

Programming Language

Created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum

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 But this Python!

Cross Platform

Programming Language

Created in 1991 by Guido van Rossum Freely Usable Even for Commercial Use

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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

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 print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello world!");
}
}

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 print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

public class Main { print("Hello world!")

public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello world!");
}
}

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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

Big names using Python 13

print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

https://opencv.org/
Image Processing using Python
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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

https://www.pygame.org
Game Development using Python

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print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

https://matplotlib.org/
Data Science using Python 16
print("Python" + " is " + "cool!")

"Python is easy to use, powerful, and versatile, making it a great choice

for beginners and experts alike." – codeschool.com

https://github.com/amueller/word_cloud
Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Text Mining using Python
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Let's now explore the Python universe!

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Python Setup
How to install Python the Anaconda way
1. Download Anaconda (which includes Python):
https://www.anaconda.com/download/
2. Run the installer and follow the installation instructions
3. Run the Spyder editor and create your first Python program "helloworld.py"

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Variables and Data Types
• Variables store and give names to data values
• Data values can be of various types:
• int : -5, 0, 1000000
• float : -2.0, 3.14159
• bool : True, False
• str : "Hello world!", "K3WL"
• list : [1, 2, 3, 4], ["Hello", "world!"], [1, 2, "Hello"], [ ]
• And many more!
• In Python, variables do not have types!
• Data values are assigned to variables using "="
x = 1 # this is a Python comment
x = x + 5
y = "Python" + " is " + "cool!"
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Variables and Data Types in Real Life

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Conditionals and Loops

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Conditionals and Loops

• Cores of programming!
• Rely on boolean expressions which return either True or False
• 1 < 2 : True
• 1.5 >= 2.5 : False
• answer == "Computer Science" :
can be True or False depending on the value of variable answer
• Boolean expressions can be combined with: and, or, not
• 1 < 2 and 3 < 4 : True
• 1.5 >= 2.5 or 2 == 2 : True
• not 1.5 >= 2.5 : True

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Conditionals: Generic Form

if boolean-expression-1:
code-block-1
elif boolean-expression-2:
code-block-2
(as many elif's as you want)
else:
code-block-last

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Conditionals: Usia SIM (Driving license age)

age = 20
if age < 17:
print("Belum bisa punya SIM!")
else:
print("OK, sudah bisa punya SIM.")

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Conditionals: Usia SIM dengan Input

age = int(raw_input("Usia: ")) # use input() for Python 3

if age < 17:
print("Belum bisa punya SIM!")
else:
print("OK, sudah bisa punya SIM.")

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Conditionals: Grading

grade = int(raw_input("Numeric grade: "))

if grade >= 80:
print("A")
elif grade >= 65:
print("B")
elif grade >= 55:
print("C")
else:
print("E")

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Loops

• Useful for repeating code!

• Two variants:

while boolean-expression:
code-block

for element in collection:

code-block
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 while boolean-expression:

While Loops code-block

while raw_input("Which is the best subject? ") != "Computer Science":

print("Try again!")
print("Of course it is!")
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 for element in collection:

For Loops code-block

So far, we have seen (briefly) two kinds of collections:

string and list

For loops can be used to visit each collection's element:

for chr in "string": for elem in [1,3,5]:

print(chr) print(elem)

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Conditionals and Loops in Real Life

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Functions

• Functions encapsulate (= membungkus) code blocks

• Why functions? Modularization and reuse!
• You actually have seen examples of functions:
• print()
• raw_input()
• Generic form:
def function-name(parameters):
code-block
return value
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 def function-name(parameters):

Functions: Celcius to Fahrenheit code-block

return value

def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):
fahrenheit = celsius * 1.8 + 32.0
return fahrenheit

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 Functions: Default and Named Parameters

def hello(name_man="Bro", name_woman="Sis"):

print("Hello, " + name_man + " & " + name_woman + "!")

>>> hello()
Hello, Bro & Sis!
>>> hello(name_woman="Lady")
Hello, Bro & Lady!
>>> hello(name_woman="Mbakyu",name_man="Mas")
Hello, Mas & Mbakyu!
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Imports
• Code made by other people shall be reused!
• Two ways of importing modules (= Python files):
• Generic form: import module_name

import math
print(math.sqrt(4))

• Generic form: from module_name import function_name

from math import sqrt

print(sqrt(4))

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Functions in Real Life

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String
• String is a sequence of characters, like "Python is cool"
• Each character has an index
P y t h o n i s c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
• Accessing a character: string[index]
x = "Python is cool"
print(x[10])
• Accessing a substring via slicing: string[start:finish]
print(x[2:6])

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String Operations

P y t h o n i s c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

>>> x = "Python is cool"

>>> "cool" in x # membership
>>> len(x) # length of string x
>>> x + "?" # concatenation
>>> x.upper() # to upper case
>>> x.replace("c", "k") # replace characters in a string
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String Operations: Split
P y t h o n i s c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

x.split(" ")

P y t h o n i s c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 0 1 2 3

>>> x = "Python is cool"

>>> x.split(" ") 39
String Operations: Join
P y t h o n i s c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 0 1 2 3

",".join(y)

P y t h o n , i s , c o o l
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
>>> x = "Python is cool"
>>> y = x.split(" ")
>>> ",".join(y) 40
Strings in Real Life

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Input/Output

• Working with data heavily involves reading and writing!

• Data come in two types:
• Text: Human readable, encoded in ASCII/UTF-8, example: .txt, .csv

• Binary: Machine readable, application-specific encoding,

example: .mp3, .mp4, .jpg

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Input
python
is
cool
cool.txt

x = open("cool.txt", "r") # read mode

y = x.read() # read the whole

print(y)

x.close()
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Input
python
is
cool
cool.txt

x = open("cool.txt", "r")

# read line by line

for line in x:
line = line.replace("\n","")
print(line)

x.close() 44
 Input
python
is
cool
cool.txt

x = open("C:\\Users\\Fariz\\cool.txt", "r") # absolute location

for line in x:
line = line.replace("\n","")
print(line)

x.close()
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 Output

# write mode # append mode

x = open("carpe-diem.txt", "w") x = open("carpe-diem.txt", "a")

x.write("carpe\ndiem\n") x.write("carpe\ndiem\n")

x.close() x.close()

Write mode overwrites files,

while append mode does not overwrite files but instead appends at the end of the files' content
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Input in Real Life

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Output in Real Life

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Lists

• If a string is a sequence of characters, then

a list is a sequence of items!
• List is usually enclosed by square brackets [ ]
• As opposed to strings where the object is fixed (= immutable),
we are free to modify lists (that is, lists are mutable).
x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
x[0] = 4
x.append(5)
print(x) # [4, 2, 3, 4, 5]

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List Operations

>>> x = [ "Python", "is", "cool" ]

>>> x.sort() # sort elements in x
>>> x[0:2] # slicing
>>> len(x) # length of string x
>>> x + ["!"] # concatenation
>>> x[2] = "hot" # replace element at index 0 with "hot"
>>> x.remove("Python") # remove the first occurrence of "Python"
>>> x.pop(0) # remove the element at index 0

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 List Comprehension

It is basically a cool way of generating a list

[expression for-clause condition]

Example:
[i*2 for i in [0,1,2,3,4] if i%2 == 0]

[i.replace("o", "i") for i in ["Python", "is", "cool"] if len(i) >= 3]

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Tuples

• Like a list, but you cannot modify it (= immutable)

• Tuple is usually (but not necessarily) enclosed by parentheses ()
• Everything that works with lists, works with tuples,
except functions modifying the tuples' content
• Example:
x = (0,1,2)
y = 0,1,2 # same as x
x[0] = 2 # this gives an error

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List in Real Life

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Sets
• As opposed to lists, in sets duplicates are removed and
there is no order of elements!
• Set is of the form { e1, e2, e3, ... }
• Operations include: intersection, union, difference.
• Example:
x = [0,1,2,0,0,1,2,2]
y = {0,1,2,0,0,1,2,2}
print(x)
print(y)
print(y & {1,2,3}) # intersection
print(y | {1,2,3}) # union
print(y - {1,2,3}) # difference
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Dictionaries
• Dictionaries map from keys to values!
• Content in dictionaries is not ordered.
• Dictionary is of the form { k1:v1, k2:v2, k3:v3, ... }
• Example:
x = {"indonesia":"jakarta", "germany":"berlin","italy":"rome"}
print(x["indonesia"]) # get value from key
x["japan"] = "tokyo" # add a new key-value pair to dictionary
print(x) # {'italy': 'rome', 'indonesia': 'jakarta', 'germany': 'berlin', 'japan': 'tokyo'}

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Dictionary in Real Life

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Classes

• While in functions we encapsulate a set of instructions,

in classes we encapsulate objects!
• A class is a blueprint for objects, specifying:
• Attributes for objects
• Methods for objects
• A class can use other classes as a base
• Generic:
class class-name(base):
attribute-code-block
method-code-block
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 class class-name(base):

Classes: Person attribute-code-block

method-code-block

class Person:

def __init__(self, first, last):

self.firstname = first
self.lastname = last

def describe(self):
return self.firstname + " " + self.lastname

guido = Person("Guido","Van Rossum")

print(guido.describe())

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 class class-name(base):

Classes: Person & Employee attribute-code-block

method-code-block
# first add code for class Person here

class Employee(Person):

def __init__(self, first, last, staffnum):

Person.__init__(self, first, last)
self.staffnum = staffnum

def describe(self):
return self.lastname + ", " + str(self.staffnum)

guido = Employee("Guido", "Van Rossum", 123456)

print(guido.describe()) 59
Class in Real Life

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Lessons learned

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What's next?

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 What's next? Keep learning!

https://docs.python.org
Python Official Documentation http://greenteapress.com/wp/think-python-2e/
Free Python e-book

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/python
Python on stackoverflow (QA website on programming)

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Food pack is ready,
enjoy your journey!

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