Module 8

TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES

(Consultative, Casual and Intimate)

Introduction

Learning Objective:

At the end of the lesson, students are able to;

1. Identify the different types of speech styles;

2. Know the use of different speech styles;
3. To be able to use it in a right way; and
4. To enumerate the different speech styles.

Human lives and society cannot separate with language. In the society people use
language to communicate with each other. As a human being, we need language to express our
feelings, ideas, emotions, and thoughts to people by using sound, gesture and signal.

Living in a country of democracy, we all know that we are free to speak on our own.
All of us should be a role model in changing the world by freely expressing what we feel. Let
our country transform and let everything change through our words.

Speech is the vocalized form of communication used by humans and some animals,
which is based upon the syntactic combination of items drawn from the lexicon. Speech define
as the expression of or the ability to express thoughts and feelings by articulate sounds and a
formal address or discourse delivered to an audience. Each spoken word is created out of the
phonetic combination of a limited set of vowel and consonant speech sound units. A persuasive
speech influences the audience to do something. An entertaining speech gives people a show,
and a special occasion speech is used to commemorate an event or person. In the end, when
you set out to write a speech, be sure you consider your style, the audience and the purpose.

In the new world of sociolinguistics, the simple concept of “style” has a lot of work to
do. The idea of “stylistic variation” emerge from William Labov’s seminal research on urban
speech variation and language change. Style referred to the regular tendency for speakers in
urban speech communities to adjust their own speech in linear fashion under certain social
circumstances. Joos in Wardaugh(1967) stated that you can speak very formally or very
informally, your choice being governed by circumstances. Ceremonial occasions almost in
variability required very formal speech, public lectures somewhat less formal, casual
conversation quite informal and conversations between intimates on matters of little
importance may extremely informal and casual. Joos explain about style in his book, The Five
Clocks. The ‘Clocks’ were levels of formality in spoken and written English, which Joos
labelled ‘frozen’, ‘consultative’, ‘formal’, ‘casual’ and ‘intimate’. It was based on the
institution about degrees of formality/ intimacy between people which, Martin Joos argued,
impacted on communicative style. His book supports the idea of scale of formality. Formality
or communicative ‘carefulness’ is assumed to dedicate a speaker’s stylistic choice or designs.

Speech styles include personalities and characters and may involve the addition of
content to the addition of content to the original text message to emulate the persona of
character. When you speak to a large audience, of course, you should couple the conversational
style of speech. The purpose of the different types of speech is to help people to know the
specific approach they should use in every situation, person and place. Knowing these things
can help one prevent misunderstandings and arguments from happenings because if they don’t
watch what they say, they’d look disrespectful in front of others.

Speech style

This is the form of language that the speaker uses and it is characterized by the degree
of formality (Joos, 1967:156). the speech style helps the speaker to choose the suitable style
when they are talking. It will help the speaker deliver a speech more effectively. Labov in Allan
Bell devised means for eliciting different styles of speech from people within compass of single
interview. As well as seeking answer to questions, the interviewer has informants carry out
several language tasks, designed to focus increasing amount of their attention on how they are
speaking.

 Consultative style

This style which is often used in conducting business or discussion. It is such kind of
language used in the meeting, at school, or the production meeting. This style can be used in
formal situation and informal situation. Consultative style, pronunciation is explicit. Word
choice is careful and sentence structure is complete but the sentence is tended to be shorter and
less well planned. The speaker constantly watches the listener’s verbal and non-verbal
responses in order to decide whether too much or not enough information is being transmitted.
This is because consultative is a communication with strangers. Each sentence the speaker
pronounces must be explicit and clear. This style usually occurs in conversation between
doctor, and patient, teacher and student. This style need listener’s feedback. Another
characteristic of style is in the structure of the sentence. It has subject and predicate in every
utterance, but some word of vocabulary are non-standard ones. This is because actually
consultative style is the most operational among other styles.

 Casual style

This style is a language variety used in informal situation: sharing with family or close
friends. When people use this language, it is usually shortened. The vocabularies are fill
with dialect, regional dialect and seldom use proper structural morphology and syntax.
Another characteristic of this sometimes the sentence is less on grammar. This style is used
for relaxed situation such as with close friend, acquaintance, insider in social setting. It
tends to make frequent use of ephemeral words and expressions which act as badges of
shared information or shared assumptions (slang). Casual is a conversation style, but is not
for stranger.

 Intimate style

Intimate style is usually used by participants who have very close relationship, like
between family members, between close friends. This language can be identified by the use
of incomplete language, short words, and usually with unclear articulation. This because
between participants already understood each other. This style is characterized by what
Joos calls “extraction,” (Broderic 1967). In this style, intonation is important than wording
or grammar. The speaker sometimes uses private vocabulary. As Joos explain that intimate
style is characterized by a stable list of words with private meanings shared only by a small
group- usually in pair, in family situation. The reason for using intimate style are to express
feeling between the speaker to express intimate phenomena. By using intimate language,
the most informal atmosphere can be produced, and automatically skip the distance and
create comfortable communication. The intimate style is our closest friendliest most
trusting variety. Definition: Not all words that signal intimacy are restricted to intimate
situations. For example: Lovers, darling, honey, families and closest of friends. In
composition, formal style is a broad term for speech or writing marked by an impersonal,
objective, and precise use of language. A formal prose style is typically used in orations,
scholarly books and articles, technical reports, research papers, and legal documents.
 References

Website:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech

https://www.slideshare.net/_Scl_/types-of-speech-styles

http://repo.iain-tulungagung.ac.id/643/2/Main%20Part.pdf

Book:

 Marilou Santos-Syjueco (2016) Oral Communication in Context

 TYPES OF SPEECH STYLES

(CONSULTIVE, CASUAL, AND INTIMATE)

Group reporters

KRISTINE JOYCE VALDEZ

KYLA MIA BERNALDEZ

ADRIAN DOLORICO

Submitted to:

Mr. Joryan Ibarra