Name : Rimsha Mustafa

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Introduction to Montessori Assignment(module#1)

Question NO 1:Discuss the life and work of Dr. Maria Montessori and why is she
referred to as a lady much ahead of her time?

Answer:Life Of Montessori

Montessori was born on 31 august 1870 to an educated middle class family in city
of Ancona Italy. Her father’s name was Alessandro Montessori and mother’s name
was Ranidle Montessori. Her father was conservative military man; on the other
hand her mother was a liberal lady.
In those days, there was a very conservative attitude toward women.
But in this circumstance Maria Montessori graduated with highest honor from
medical school of the University of Rome. She was first physician in Italy in 1986
and first lady doctor in the history of Italy.

Work of Maria Montessori:-

As a physician, Montessori specialized in pediatrics. Her contribution and

approach was more scientific rather than all philosophical approach and
educational innovators who come before and after her.
Montessori inquired from a nurse about the autistic or mentally disabled and poor
children.
However she taught at the medical school of the University of Rome .And through
her free clinics her into frequent contact with poor children.
Thus she and her colleagues started a wave of reform in the institution. She set out
to teach as many as possible to care for children and their fellows.

Insipiration from Itard and Seguin;

During her work she got inspired by the work of two almost forgotten French
doctors of eighteen and nineteenth centuries. Their names are Jean-Marc-Gaspard
Itard and Edouard Seguin.
Hard researched on a young boy who was found by in the forest and his work had
two implication Montessori drew confirmation of hard ideas from the work of
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Seguin. Seguin was the student of Itard and his work was for specific and
organized.
Montessori’s work strengthened her humanistic ideas and people began to regard
her as reformer.
From Itard and Seguin in the real sense Montessori took the idea of a scientific
approach to education based on observation and experiments.She belongs to the
child study school of thought.She continued her work with the careful practice.

CASA DEI BAMBINI;

After this the opportunity come to her itself in 1970 when she was offered the
position for a daycare center that was being organize for those children who were
too young.
The first day care center named (casa/dei/bambini) (house of children). During this
time Montessori discovered an unlimited potential in children to learn.

WORLD WIDE RESPONSE;

Maria’s first center becomes famous in the entire world. The most incredible thing
about Montessori method is that her model center got duplicated everywhere.

HIGHEST RECONITION AND REWARDS;

Thus during her lifetime we may rank the period from opening of the first
children’s house in 1907 until the 1930s as her prime productive period.
She left the world in 1952 but world always stay alive.
She lived in old days but was definitely A women much ahead her time.
Maria was pictured on Italian 200 lira coin and 1000 lira bill.
She was also nominated for Noble Peace Prize thrice.

Question NO 2 : Which are the main requirements to be considered to start a

House of Children?
How do you implement them?

Montessori is the place where children can do whatever they want and meet their
needs and interest. Therefore, one has to be very particular and consider numerous
things when start the house of children. It is the most difficult task to start it. There
are several requirements which one should be keeping in mind.
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 Class room design is the most important place where children have to stay.
Montessori educational apparatus, tables and shelving, and related activities
equipment should be appropriate and several in number so that children
could approach them.

 The number of students in the classroom should not be exceeding more than
30students.

 The size of the classroom should allow minimum of 20 square feet per
student sat the early level, 30 squares for the elementary level and 40
squares would before secondary level.

 Montessori house should be child-sized where he could enjoy his age. A

child sized kitchen, science lab, an art studio, bath rooms, hobby workshop,
everything should be according to the size of a child. They lead him to fulfill
his desires and enjoy his own world.

 A house should be design in such a way that the child could face outdoor
environment. There must be window through which the children could face
sunlight at a daytime and become a natural source of ventilation.

 There must be the children garden where child can grow vegetables and
fruits of their choice. It leads them to close to their natural environment.

 There should not be any prohibition of doing something which the student is
not allowed at his home.
“Prohibition is sweet or bitter, prohibition is prohibition.”

 Children are usually not allowed to do by themselves what they want at their
home so Montessori room should provide them this opportunity. These are
some factors which should consider while starting any house of children.

HOW TO IMPLEMENT:
Considering requirements are very important but implementation is more important
than them because implementation is something which we have to implement and
how it works is based on it. There must be a lot of things which should be
implement those are:
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 Respect for the children.

 Focus on individual child

 The prepared environment

 Polite behavior of the teacher

 Parent - teacher meeting.

RESPECT FOR THE CHILDREN:

Respect is the basic thing which everybody requires. Every child needs respect.
Parents try to force them to follow the parents without regarding their needs and
interest. Therefore, first we should take great care of the respect of the child.

FOCUS ON INDIVIDUAL CHILD:

Every child is different from one another. Teacher should focus on individual
child as his learning progress, growth and understanding is different from other
children

THE PREPARED ENVIRONMENT:

Prepared environment is very important. When they have prepared environment,
they are able to do what they want. The material is available for the child which
they can easily access and do whatever their interest.

POLITE BEHAVIOR OF THE TEACHER:

The teacher is the role model for the student. Her behavior should be
polite towards students. As the teacher is the spiritual mother of the students, they
learn a lot from them after their mother. So, her behavior and attitude should be
very good.
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PARENT- TEACHER MEETING:
There must be parent-teacher meeting as parents should know the progress and
development of their student and the most important about the attitude and the
nature of the student. Montessori teacher can guide them according to the nature of
their children.
To sum up, the house of the children is the place where children can meet their
needs and interests. So, these requirements should keep in mind when starting the
school.

Question NO 3: What are the discoveries made by Dr. Maria by observing the
child?
It is said that Dr. Montessori discovered the child, as it is true because she was a
keen observer of children.
She studied them scientifically thus it was providential that the child revealed
himself to her.
Dr. Montessori continued with her work of observing and studying the child. After
nearly twenty two years of such experimentation Dr. Montessori could say that she
had found a method of helping children in their educational pursuits.

1;If it corresponded with the inner development needs they worked until they
reached their goal, so children love to work.
Total development is possible only when the child can work in various fields of
human activity as specific times, whose awareness and urge comes to him
naturally.

2; If it is corresponded with the inner development need they work until they
reached their goal, so children love to work purposefully.

3; When the spontaneous Repetition of an activity is done with interest the natural
result is Concentration. But concentration is not the end product of education, it is
only the beginning. The child needs not practice in everyday life. The child gets
confused and this can create wrap in his development.

4; The children need not to be motivator or conventional teachers but only have to
provide the necessary conditions so that the inner drive should sufficient.

5; Dr. Maria Montessori found out how the children needed to perform these
activities especially because they brought the intelligence, will and voluntary
movements of the personality to the child.
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6; She discovered that real discipline comes through freedom.

In other words, the child is destructive, disorderly, stubborn and disobedient if
suitable conditions are missing. She called it Deviation. However, under rightful
circumstances the children behave otherwise. She called this normality.

7; Most of the activities presented to the children in Montessori houses of children

are results of observing the child.

8; All the help we offer should lead the child to independence in his individual and
social life.“Help me Do it Myself” is what every child wants to tells us. We just
don’t listen to it.

9; Montessori discovered that the environment itself was all important in obtaining
the results that she had observed.

10; Montessori further studied the traffic pattern of the rooms.

11; Montessori carried this environmental engineering throughout the entire school
building and outside environment.

12; The children showed that they could assimilate the knowledge, normally
considered to be too complex for the child, if it is presented in rightful conditions.
Activities involving sensorial concepts, language, arithmetic, art, culture were
found to be necessary for the child’s education.

13; Real obedience is based on love, respect and faith.

14; All the help we offer should lead the child to independence.

15; Montessori discovered that the environment itself was all important in
obtaining the result.

Dr. Maria Montessori found out how the children needed to perform these activities
especially because they brought the intelligence, will and voluntary movements of
the personality to the child.
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Question NO 4 :What does “PILES” stand for when we talk of human
development?
Discuss the Physical, Lingual and Intellectual development taking place during3 to
6 years of age?

PILES stands for :

P = Physical

I = Intellectual

L = Lingual

E = Emotional

S = Social

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT:
Physical development takes place during 3 to 6 years of age. The child feels certain
strong urges at specified time periods. Which lead him to development.

Age 0-6 years Strong natural urges Experiences which satisfy the Natural urges
Development.

At the age of 3 years:

o In this age a child can balance on one foot for a moment.

o He is dextrose on outdoor equipment.

o Steers and runs round obstructions with ease.

o Forcefully kicks ball walks in an adult fashion upstairs, even holding a

big toy.

o Still puts both feet on each step when coming downstairs. Likes to
jump off the last step.
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At the age of 4 years:

o Bends down to pick up toys with legs straight.

o Bounce with ball games. Can throw, catch and kick well and can now
bounce a ball.

o Runs about on tiptoe.

o Runs upstairs with total efficiency.

o Able to sit cross-legged. Hops around and balances on one foot for
longer.

At the age of 5-6 years:

o Can now play all sorts of ball games competently.

o Able to walk along a thin line.

o More energetic and lively in general.

o Expert at all outdoor activities such as swimming, climbing and

sliding.

INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT:
The intellectual development grows in the child with the passage of time. The child
learns how to behave with the adults and how to cope up with the awkward
situations but its all depend on the proper environment and conditions which
we provide to them.

At the Age of 3 years:

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o A child can be able to thread big beads and built 9 blocks high towers
and small bridges and bricks.
o He can use children’s scissors.
o He can also holds a pencil properly.

At the age of 4 years:

o A child is skilful at holding pencils.

o He is able to built 10 ricks high tower.
o He also knows primary colors.

At age of 5-6 years:

A child can draw more detailed drawings and painting including surroundings. He
can also count figures. Skilled at coloring and jigsaws. He can relate to the time of
day corresponding to everyday activities

LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT:
Language development also improves through time to time and the child is able
communicate more clearly. Children learn from the environment and we should
make the environment suitable for the children.
At the age of 3 years:

In age of 3 a child can recite name, age and sex. Sentences are completely
understandable but still sound childish. Wants to be read favorite stories again and
again. Recites more rhymes and can sing some songs.
At the age of 4 years:

Always asking very inquisitive questions like “What does that mean?”
He loves to have a joke. He will recall latest happenings in conversation with
others. He can count 4 or 5 objects, and can recite up to 20.

At the age of 5-6 years:

He still asks the meaning of intangible words. He will now recite own name,
address, age and sometimes knows birthday. He knows more rhymes and songs,
and loves to sing them
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Question No 5 : Write a comprehensive note on the role of teacher in a

Montessori classroom?

Dr. Montessori said that our school showed the children of different ages help
another. There are many things which no teacher convey to a child of 3 but a child
of 5 can do it with ease, a Montessori teacher is a guide a facilitator and does not
consider herself to be the primary cause of learning that accord in her students. To
understand her role better there are two main objects which we will discuss.
A Montessori teacher is a guide, a facilitator and does not consider she to be the
primary cause of learning that occurs in her students. To understand the role of a
teacher better lets look at the types of arts. There are two types of arts namely,
Productive and cooperative.
This is the art in which the activity of the artist is the principal and the only
cause of production, such as shoemaker, carpenter, tailor, etc.
COOPERATIVE ARTS:
To define the cooperative arts, we can say that in such arts the activity of the artist
is neither the principal, nor the only cause of production. There are three very
common cooperative arts, which includes:
Farming:
The art of raising plants and animals.
Healing:
The art of curing. (This includes doctors, physicians, surgeons, nurses etc)
Teaching:
The third one is what we are concerned with.
A Montessori teacher’s normal classroom practices involves :

 Preparation of the environment.

 Observing the children.

 Giving lessons.

 Primary goal of the teacher.

Montessori teachers would prepare the environment for the children which means
to facilitate the children’s independence and ability to select the material of their
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own choice and they will select the activities that will appeal their interests and
keeping the environment in perfect condition.

Montessori teachers are carefully observes the children’s progress, needs and their
sensitive periods. They don’t just keep the track of all these developments but act
as an dynamic link between children and prepared environment. They
are constantly experimenting, modifying the environment to meet their perceptions
of each child’s needs and interests and then noting the results.

Montessori teachers keep their lessons as brief as possible. Their goal is to bring
the children in a state of mind, so they will come back on their own for further
work with the materials. These are some points which are necessary for the
teachers:

 Observing the child while he is exploring the materials on low shelves.

 Going to the child and taking consent to work with that material.

 Taking the material to the workplace with the help of a child, and specifying
its place.

 Telling ground rules for use.

 Giving the live demonstration of what can be done with it.

 Leaving the child to work himself with concentration and without

obstruction

Montessori teachers are taught to nurture and inspire the human potential, leading
children to ask questions, think for themselves, explore, investigate, and discover.
Help them to learn how to learn independently, retaining the curiosity, creativity
and intelligence with which they were born.

Montessori teachers do not simply present lessons; they are facilitators, mentors,
coaches, and guides.
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