Python for Data Science

Background on Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
Python for Data Science

Python Overview
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Articulate the benefits of Python as a programming

language
 Jupyter
Python for Data Science

(Ju) Julia

(Pyt) Python

(R) R
Python for Data Science

https://www.python.org/about/
Python for Data Science

Variables in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Write a simple program in python

§ Use dynamic typing to assign values to variables
 C
#include "stdio.h"
int main() {
Python for Data Science

printf("Hello\n");
}

Java
public class Hi {
public static void main (String [] args) {
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}
 C python
#include "stdio.h" print("hello")
int main() {
Python for Data Science

printf("Hello\n");
Notice: no ;
}

Java
public class Hi {
public static void main (String [] args) {
System.out.println("Hello");
}
}
 C python
#include "stdio.h" x = 3
y = 4
Python for Data Science

int main() { print(x+y)

int x = 3;
int y = 4;
printf("%s"\n,x+y); Notice: no types
}
 Common Types in Python
§Numeric: integers, float, complex
Python for Data Science

§Sequence: list, tuple, range

§Binary: byte, bytearray
§True/False: bool
§Text: string
 C python
#include "stdio.h" x = 3
x = 4.5
Python for Data Science

int main() {
int x = 3;
x = 4.5;
}

What happens when we

run this in C?
run this in python?
 C python
#include "stdio.h" x = 3
x = 4.5
Python for Data Science

int main() {
int x = 3;
x = 4.5;
}

Dynamic Typing!!
Python for Data Science

Objects in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Describe an object from a programming perspective

§ Recognize that everything in python is an object
 Objects
Python for Data Science

§Can hold data

§Can have actions associated with them
 C python
#include "stdio.h" x = 3
x = 4.5
Python for Data Science

int main() { print(x+y)

int x = 3;
x = 4.5;
}

Dynamic Typing!!
 python
x = 3 PyIntObject {
value;
Python for Data Science

# other bookkeeping features

# type, num_refs, etc.
}
 python
x = 3 PyIntObject {
value;
Python for Data Science

# other bookkeeping features

# type, num_refs, etc.
}

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}
 python
x = 3 PyFloatObject {
x = 4.5 value;
Python for Data Science

# other bookkeeping features

# type, num_refs, etc.
}

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}

PyFloatObject {
value = 4.5
}
 python
x = 3 PyFloatObject {
x = 4.5 value;
Python for Data Science

# other bookkeeping features

# type, num_refs, etc.
}

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}

PyFloatObject {
value = 4.5
}
 Python shell
>>> x = 3 is returns if the references
>>> y = 3.0 point to the same object
Python for Data Science

>>> x is y

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}

y PyFloatObject {
value = 3.0
}
 Python shell
>>> x = 3 is returns if the references
>>> y = 3.0 point to the same object
Python for Data Science

>>> x is y
False

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}

y PyFloatObject {
value = 3.0
}
 Python shell
>>> x = 3 is returns if the references
>>> y = 3.0 point to the same object
Python for Data Science

>>> x == y == tests for equality

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}

y PyFloatObject {
value = 3.0
}
 Python shell
>>> x = 3 is returns if the references
>>> y = 3.0 point to the same object
Python for Data Science

>>> x == y == tests for equality

True

x PyIntObject {
value = 3
}

y PyFloatObject {
value = 3.0
}
 Feel free to try this yourselves in python
using shell
Python for Data Science
Python for Data Science

Objects in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Create objects and call methods on objects

 python
>>> x = "Hello"
Python for Data Science

x PyStringObject {
value = "Hello"
}
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
Python for Data Science

https://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#string-methods
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
>>> x.lower() <var_name>.<method_name>(params)
Python for Data Science

'hello'
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
>>> x.lower()
Python for Data Science

'hello'
>>> x
'Hello'
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
Python for Data Science

x PyStringObject {
value = "Hello"
}
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
>>> x = x.lower()
Python for Data Science

x PyStringObject {
value = "Hello"
}
PyStringObject {
value = "hello"
}
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
>>> x = x.lower()
Python for Data Science

x PyStringObject {
value = "Hello"
}
PyStringObject {
value = "hello"
}
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
>>> x = x.lower()
Python for Data Science

x PyStringObject {
value = "Hello"
}
PyStringObject {
value = "hello"
}
 python
>>> x = "Hello"
>>> x = x.lower()
Python for Data Science

>>> x
'hello'

x PyStringObject {
value = "Hello"
}
PyStringObject {
value = "hello"
}
Python for Data Science

Variable Quiz - Explanation

Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 python
>>> x = 7
>>> y = x
Python for Data Science

>>> x = 3
>>> print(x,", ",y)
 python
>>> x = 7
Python for Data Science

x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}
 python
>>> x = 7
>>> y = x
Python for Data Science

x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

y
 python
>>> x = 7
>>> y = x
Python for Data Science

>>> x = 3

x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

y PyIntObject {
value = 3
}
 python
>>> x = 7
>>> y = x
Python for Data Science

>>> x = 3
>>> print(x,", ",y)

x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

y PyIntObject {
value = 3
}
 python
>>> x = 7
>>> y = x
Python for Data Science

>>> x = 3
>>> print(x,", ",y)
3, 7

x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

y PyIntObject {
value = 3
}
Python for Data Science

Loops in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Author a python program which uses a loop

 C
#include "stdio.h"
int main() {
Python for Data Science

int i = 0;
for(i=0; i < 10; i++) {
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}

python
for i in range(0,10):
Python uses
print(i) indentation
rather than
brackets.
 C
#include "stdio.h" range(start, stop[, step])
int main() { Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

int i = 0; and stop, increasing by the

for(i=0; i < 10; i++) { value of step (defaults to 1).
printf("%d\n",i);
}
}

python
for i in range(0,10):
print(i)
 python
for i in range(0,10,2): range(start, stop[, step])
print(i) Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
What do you think this
will print?
 python
for i in range(0,10,2): range(start, stop[, step])
print(i) Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
0
2
4
6
8
 python
for i in ____________: range(start, stop[, step])
print(i) Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
2
5
8
11
 python
for i in range(2,12,3) : range(start, stop[, step])
print(i) Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
2
5
8
11
 python
for i in range(2,12,3) : range(start, stop[, step])
print(i) Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
2
5 Understanding how to
8 use range well can be
incredibly useful!
11
 python
i = 2
while i < 12:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=3

2
5
8
11
Python for Data Science

Loop Quiz - Explanation

Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 python
i = 0
while i < 10:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=1

How many times is the

statement i<10 evaluated?
 python
i = 0
while i < 10:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=1

0 < 10 True
 python
i = 0
while i < 10:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=1

0 < 10 True
1 < 10 True
 python
i = 0
while i < 10:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=1

0 < 10 True
1 < 10 True
2 < 10 True
3 < 10 True
4 < 10 True
5 < 10 True
 python
i = 0
while i < 10:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=1

0 < 10 True 6 < 10 True

1 < 10 True 7 < 10 True
2 < 10 True 8 < 10 True
3 < 10 True 9 < 10 True
4 < 10 True
5 < 10 True
 python
i = 0
while i < 10:
Python for Data Science

print(i)
i+=1

0 < 10 True 6 < 10 True

1 < 10 True 7 < 10 True
2 < 10 True 8 < 10 True
3 < 10 True 9 < 10 True
4 < 10 True 10 < 10 False
5 < 10 True
Python for Data Science

Conditions in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Author a python program which uses conditionals

 python
for i in range(0,10,2): range(start, stop[, step])
print(i) Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
0
2
4
6
8
 python
for i in range(0,10): range(start, stop[, step])
________________ Returns values between start
Python for Data Science

print(i) and stop, increasing by the

value of step (defaults to 1).
0
2
What should I put here to
4 print just the even values?
6
8
 python
for i in range(0,10): % (modulo)
________________ x % y produces the remainder
Python for Data Science

print(i) from x / y.
For example, 22%3 is 1 because
0 22 / 3 is 21 R1
2
What should I put here to
4 print just the even values?
6
8
 python
for i in range(0,10): % (modulo)
if i % 2 == 0: x % y produces the remainder
Python for Data Science

print(i) from x / y.
For example, 22%3 is 1 because
0 22 / 3 is 21 R1
2
What should I put here to
4 print just the even values?
6
8
 python
for i in range(0,10): % (modulo)
if i % 2 == 0: x % y produces the remainder
Python for Data Science

print(i) from x / y.
For example, 22%3 is 1 because
0 22 / 3 is 21 R1
2
4
6
8
 python
for i in range(0,5): % (modulo)
if i % 2 == 0: x % y produces the remainder
Python for Data Science

print(i) from x / y.
# fill in missing For example, 22%3 is 1 because
22 / 3 is 21 R1
# code

0
What do I need to change
11 to print out the values on
2 the left (hint, for odds, it is
13 print 10+i)?
4
 python
for i in range(0,5): % (modulo)
if i % 2 == 0: x % y produces the remainder
Python for Data Science

print(i) from x / y.
else: For example, 22%3 is 1 because
22 / 3 is 21 R1
print(i+10)

0
11
2
13
4
 python
for i in range(0,5): % (modulo)
if i % 3 == 0: x % y produces the remainder
Python for Data Science

print(i) from x / y.
elif i % 3 == 1: For example, 22%3 is 1 because
22 / 3 is 21 R1
print(i+10)
else:
print(i-10)
0
11
-8
3
14
Python for Data Science

Functions in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Create a function in python with inputs and outputs

§ Explain the implications of passing an object reference by
value
 C python
int my_abs( int val) { def my_abs(val):
if(val < 0) { if val < 0:
Python for Data Science

return 0-val; return 0-val

} return val
return val;
}
 python
def my_abs(val):
if val < 0:
return 0-val
Python for Data Science

return val

print(my_abs(-7))
7
 python
def my_abs(val):
if val < 0:
return 0-val
Python for Data Science

return val

print(my_abs(“Hi”))

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “funct.py”, line 6, in <module>
print(my_abs(“Hi”))
File “funct.py”, line 2, in my_abs
if val < 0:
TypeError: unorderable types: str() < int()
 python
def print_abs(val):
if val < 0:
print(0-val)
Python for Data Science

else:
print(val)

x = print_abs(-2.7)
print(x)

What do you think this

will do when we run it?
 python
def print_abs(val):
if val < 0:
print(0-val)
Python for Data Science

else:
print(val)

x = print_abs(-2.7)
print(x)

2.7
None
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

What do you think this

will do when we run it?
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

val
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

val PyIntObject {
value = 7
}
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}

val PyIntObject {
value = 7
}
 python
def inc_val(val):
val = val+1
Python for Data Science

x = 7
inc_val(x)
print(x)

7
x PyIntObject {
value = 7
}
Python for Data Science

Function Quiz Explanation

Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 Function 1 Function 2
def my_abs(val): def my_abs(val):
if val < 0: if val < 0:
Python for Data Science

return 0-val print 0-val

return val else:
print val

Which function returns the

absolute value of “val”?
A. Function 1
B. Function 2
C. Both
D. Neither
 Function 1 Function 2
def my_abs(val): def my_abs(val):
if val < 0: if val < 0:
Python for Data Science

return 0-val print 0-val

return val else:
print val

Which function returns the

absolute value of “val”?
A. Function 1
B. Function 2
C. Both
D. Neither
Python for Data Science

Function Quiz Explanation

Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 def swap(val1, val2):
tmp = val1
val1 = val2
val2 = tmp
Python for Data Science

x = 6
y = 3
swap(x, y)
print(x,”, “,y)

What is printed?
A. 6, 3
B. 3, 6
C. 3, 3
D. 6, 6
 def swap(val1, val2):
tmp = val1
val1 = val2
val2 = tmp
Python for Data Science

x = 6
y = 3
swap(x, y)
print(x,”, “,y)

What is printed?
A. 6, 3
B. 3, 6
C. 3, 3
D. 6, 6
Python for Data Science

Scope in Python
Dr. Ilkay Altintas and Dr. Leo Porter
Twitter: #UCSDpython4DS
 By the end of this video, you should be able to:
Python for Data Science

§ Apply scoping rules to understand the lifetime of a

variable
§ Create a global variable
 python
def my_abs(val):
if val < 0:
return 0-val
Python for Data Science

return val

print(val)
 python
def my_abs(val):
if val < 0:
return 0-val
Python for Data Science

return val

print(val)

Traceback (most recent call last):

File “scope1.py”, line 6, in <module>
print(val)
NameError: name ‘val’ is not defined
 python
val = 0
def my_abs(val):
if val < 0:
Beware, generally bad
Python for Data Science

return 0-val
return val
practice
print(val)
 python
my_val = 0
def my_abs(val):
if val < 0:
Python for Data Science

return 0-val
return val
"my" denotes global
print(my_val)