Technology and Livelihood Education

Area: Basic Electricity

Prepared by: Prof. Erwin R. Callo

LET Competencies:

1. Explain the sources and kinds of electricity

2. Identify the parts of a complete electrical circuit
3. Apply the Ohms Law in house hold electrical connections
4. Select electrical component in installing electrical house wiring
5. Apply the correct procedure in electrical house wiring

STUDYING

PART I: CONTENT UPDATE

ELECTRICITY
Electricity is come from the Greek word ἤλεκτρον, (elektron) and also in the New Latin
word of ēlectricus, meaning amber. Electricity is a widely used form of energy that
encompasses a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge.
The electric charge is the flow or movement of lost electron from an atom. In atom theory, the
center of an atom is a nucleus. The nucleus contains positively charged particles called proton
or positron, the negatively charged called electrons and the uncharged particles called neutrons.
The negative charge is equal to the number of positive charged in an atom. When the balancing
force between protons and electron is upset caused by friction, induction, or chemical charge,
an atom may gain or lose an electron. The effect is the free movement of these electrons from
an atom now called electric current.

SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY

There are different sources of electricity that can harness in different way. The
mechanical way, this kind of electricity source convert the primary energy like wind,
geothermal, hydropower, ocean power and solar power and secondary energy like coal, natural
gas, oil, nuclear power by using electric generator to produce electricity. The chemical way,
this kind of electricity source used electric cells or battery to produce electricity.

A. Types of Mechanical Source of Energy

1. Geothermal Energy
Geo means earth and thermal means heat. Meaning geothermal energy is the heat
energy of the earth. Geothermal Energy can be harnessed from the Earth's natural heat
associated with active volcanoes or geologically young inactive volcanoes still giving off heat
at depth. Steam from high-temperature geothermal fluids can be used to drive turbines and
generate electrical power, while lower temperature fluids provide hot water for space-

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heating purpose, heat for greenhouses and industrial uses, and hot or warm springs at
resort spas.

2. Hydropower
The term hydro comes from an ancient Greek word for water. This is a force of moving
water from rivers or storage reservoirs. The process starts with the annual hydrologic, or
water cycle, providing seasonal rain and runoff from snow pack. The runoff from rain and
snow collects in lakes, streams and rivers and flows to dams downstream. The water
funnels through a dam, into a powerhouse and turns a large wheel called a turbine. The
turbine turns a shaft that rotates a series of magnets past copper coils in a generator to
create electricity. The water then returns to the river. From the powerhouse, transmission
lines carry electricity to communities.

3. Ocean Power
Oceans have tremendous energy in the movement of their currents and waves.

Marine Currents
There are two kinds of marine currents: two-way (tidal) currents, and one-way currents.
1. Two-way currents are the ocean tides, caused by gravitational pull of the moon and sun.
Each heavenly body pulls on the part of the ocean nearest to it, causing bulges in water
height. As the earth rotates, those bulges move in relation to the world‘s coastlines,
pulling water onto and away from the shore. So the turning of the earth causes a moving
pattern in the ocean: at every coast in turn, the level rises and falls, resulting in two high
tides and two low tides daily.
2. One-way currents are like massive ―rivers‖ of ocean water flowing within the ocean for
hundreds — sometimes thousands — of miles.

4. Solar Energy
Solar Energy, provided by the sun is the most inexhaustible and cleanest source of
energy known. Its heat and light arrive week in and week out - free. But not in uniform
amounts each day, or in concentrated form, and not at all at night. Consequently, the
barriers to greater use of solar energy by a world faced with dwindling energy resources are
significant: mainly, diffusion and the inability economically to store solar energy, use it
directly, or convert it to electricity.

5. Wind Power
Wind power is a renewable resource. Wind is a form of solar energy. The basic
machinery that converts wind power to electricity is called a wind turbine. The force of the
wind spins blades attached to a hub that turns as the blades turn. Together, the blades and
hub are called the rotor. The turning rotor spins a generator, producing electricity. Mankind
has been making use of wind power for centuries. One of the first known uses was to propel
sailing ships. This was followed, centuries later, by the development of windmills.

B. SECONDARY SOURCE OF ENERGY

1. Coal Energy
The Coal energy used coal rock that burns to release the energy. It is mostly made of
the chemical element carbon. Some coal is brown and crumbly, and some coal is hard,
black, and glossy. The greater the percentage of the coal burned that is carbon, the higher

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its rank or potential energy. Coal is among the fossil fuels along with oil (petroleum), and
natural gas. The fossil fuels are considered non-renewable energy resources.

2. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is the energy trapped inside atoms, those tiny particles from which all
matter is made. The principle of producing electricity by heat is the same in nuclear power
production as in coal or oil based energy production. By heat, the water is boiled to high
pressure steam. The steam rotates the turbine. The generator attached to the turbine
generates electricity. In a nuclear power plant the heat needed for producing electricity is
generated in a nuclear reactor by the fission of atomic nuclei. In the energy production,
nuclear energy replaces fossil fuels, mainly coal, which poses significant environmental
hazards. Of the new energy forms, nuclear power is so far the only one ready for large-scale
energy production. Nuclear power is economical and the annual fuel reserve of a nuclear
power plant can be transported in just a few truck loads.

3. Natural Gas
Natural Gas is made up mostly of methane. Methane, a combination of hydrogen and
carbon, is formed when plants and animals (organic matter) are trapped beneath the
sedimentary layers of the earth.

4. Biomass Energy
Biomass describes all solid material of animal or vegetable origin from which energy
may be extracted it also called solid biomass. Plant products (such as corn husks, branches,
or peanut shells), waste paper, and cow dung are examples of biomass fuels. Biomass can
be heated, burned, fermented, or treated chemically to release energy. Biomass is produced
by photosynthesis; basic research in photosynthesis may provide systems that directly
convert sunlight into fuels. Biomass can also be used a fuel for space heating and factory
processing, and to produce liquid transportation fuel such as ethanol.

TYPES OF ELECTIC CURRENT

Alternating Current (AC)

This are the electric charge that move forward, then backward, then forward, then
backward, over and over again The voltage or current that changes polarity or direction,
respectively, over time. The back-and-forth motion occurs between 50 and 60 times per second,
depending on the electrical system of the country. This is called the frequency and is designated
as either 50 Hertz (50Hz) or 60 Hertz (60Hz).

Direct Current (DC)

This are the movement (or flow) of electric charge is only in one direction. The voltage or
current that maintains constant polarity or direction, respectively, over time.

Source of Direct Current

- Chemical battery
- Electronic power supply
- Mechanical Generator

KINDS OF ELECTRICITY

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Static electricity
- Electricity at rest.
- The attraction between positive and negative charge particles.
- It refers to the buildup of electric charge on the surface of objects.
- The static charges remain on an object until they either bleed off to ground or are quickly
neutralized by a discharge.
- It is notable as a physical phenomenon that can be demonstrated using simple
experiments that can convey genuine understanding of the physics involved.
- Electricity produced by friction
- An electrical charge that builds up due to friction between two dissimilar materials.
Friction removes some electrons from one object and deposits them on the other.
- The buildup or imbalance of the same charges. Static electricity is at rest until
discharged.
- The electricity associated with electric charges, which tends to stay ‗static‘ rather than
flowing away
- Movement of charges from one object to another without further movement. An electrical
charge frequently found in paper which is too dry or which has been affected by local
atmospheric conditions.
- It refers to the net presence (or 'imbalance') of charge on a body, usually caused when
dissimilar materials are rubbed together, transferring charge from one to the other.

Dynamic Electricity
- A flow of electric charge
- Also known as electric current
- Electricity in motion
- The movement of positive and negative charge particles.
- A flow of electric charge constitutes an electric current. The direction of current was
described in terms of the motion of imaginary positive charges

Electrical Components in Installing Electrical House Wiring

Electrical Symbols
Circuit symbols are used in circuit diagrams which show how a circuit is connected
together. The actual layout of the components is usually quite different from the circuit diagram.

1. Wires and connections

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
To pass current very easily from one part of a
Wire
circuit to another.
A 'blob' should be drawn where wires are
connected (joined), but it is sometimes omitted.
Wires joined Wires connected at 'crossroads' should be
staggered slightly to form two T-junctions, as
shown on the right.
In complex diagrams it is often necessary to
draw wires crossing even though they are not
Wires not joined connected. I prefer the 'hump' symbol shown on
the right because the simple crossing on the left
may be misread as a join where you have

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forgotten to add a 'blob'!

2. Switches
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A push switch allows current to flow only when
Push Switch
the button is pressed. This is the switch used to
(push-to-make)
operate a doorbell.
Push-to-Break This type of push switch is normally closed (on),
Switch it is open (off) only when the button is pressed.
SPST = Single Pole, Single Throw.
On-Off Switch
An on-off switch allows current to flow only
(SPST)
when it is in the closed (on) position.
SPDT = Single Pole, Double Throw.
A 2-way changeover switch directs the flow of
2-way Switch
current to one of two routes according to its
(SPDT)
position. Some SPDT switches have a central
off position and are described as 'on-off-on'.
DPST = Double Pole, Single Throw.
Dual On-Off
A dual on-off switch which is often used to
Switch
switch mains electricity because it can isolate
(DPST)
both the live and neutral connections.
DPDT = Double Pole, Double Throw.
Reversing Switch This switch can be wired up as a reversing
(DPDT) switch for a motor. Some DPDT switches have
a central off position.
An electrically operated switch, for example a
9V battery circuit connected to the coil can
Relay switch a 230V AC mains circuit.
NO = Normally Open, COM = Common, NC =
Normally Closed.

3. Output Devices: Lamps, Heater, Motor, etc.

Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
light. This symbol is used for a lamp providing
Lamp (lighting)
illumination, for example a car headlamp or
torch bulb.
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
light. This symbol is used for a lamp which is an
Lamp (indicator)
indicator, for example a warning light on a car
dashboard.
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
Heater
heat.
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
Motor
kinetic energy (motion).
A transducer which converts electrical energy to
Bell
sound.

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A transducer which converts electrical energy to

Buzzer
sound.
A coil of wire which creates a magnetic field
when current passes through it. It may have an
Inductor
iron core inside the coil. It can be used as a
(Coil, Solenoid)
transducer converting electrical energy to
mechanical energy by pulling on something.

4. Power Supplies
Component Circuit Symbol Function of Component
Supplies electrical energy. A single cell is often
Cell wrongly called a battery, but strictly a battery is
two or more cells joined together.
Supplies electrical energy. A battery is more
Battery
than one cell.
Supplies electrical energy.
DC supply DC = Direct Current, always flowing in one
direction.
Supplies electrical energy.
AC supply AC = Alternating Current, continually changing
direction.
A safety device which will 'blow' (melt) if the
Fuse current flowing through it exceeds a specified
value.
Two coils of wire linked by an iron core.
Transformers are used to step up (increase)
and step down (decrease) AC voltages. Energy
Transformer
is transferred between the coils by the magnetic
field in the core. There is no electrical
connection between the coils.
A connection to earth. For many electronic
circuits this is the 0V (zero volts) of the power
Earth
supply, but for mains electricity and some radio
(Ground)
circuits it really means the earth. It is also
known as ground.

PARTS OF A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

A complete circuit consists of a device or board, a path for the current flow, a method of
control and a source of electrical energy.

Schematic diagram

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Load – are electrical device like lighting fixture and appliances that consumes electrical energy.
Path – are wire use as conductor of electricity which provides passage for electric current from
the source and back.
Control – is an electrical device that control or turns the circuit on and off conveniently.
Source – are electrical energy coming from either alternating current or direct current that
provides electrical power to the circuit.

TYPES OF ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT

Series Circuit
- This types of circuit in which all load are
connected in a straight line, like a chain.
- If one load is open (defective) other loads will
not function as well.
- In current, the amount in series passing
through one load is remained the same
amount that passes through the other
loads in the circuit.
- The formula in getting the current in
series is: I Total = I 1 =I 2 =I 3 etc...
- In voltage, the individual voltage drop across each load in series may vary from one
another depending upon their resistances.
- The sum of all the individual voltage drops is equal to the voltage of the source.
- There can be many different voltages in a series circuit, as a voltage drop appears
across every load.
- The total voltage in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all the individual voltage drops
within the circuit.
E Total = E 1 + E 2 + E 3 + etc...
- In resistance, the total resistance in a series circuit is equal to the sum of all the
individual resistances within the circuit.
- The formula for Resistance in Series is:
R Total = R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + etc...

Parallel Circuit
- In voltage, the voltage drop
across each load is the same.
- When load is open (defective),
the other will not be affected.
- Are connected allowing multiple
paths for current flow.
- All voltage remains the same
throughout the circuit.

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E Total = E 1 =E 2 =E 3 etc...
- In current, the total current (It) is equal to the summation of the individual currents.
- There can be many different currents in a parallel circuit, as each leg has the same
voltage, but can have a different resistance.
- The total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of all the individual currents on
each leg of the circuit.
- The formula for Current in Parallel is:
I RTotal = I R1 + I R2 + I R3 + etc...
- In resistance, it is found by reciprocating the sum of the reciprocals of the resistance of
the individual branches
- The formula for Resistance in Parallel is:
1
-----------------------------------
1 1 1 1 1
---- + ---- + ---- + ---- + ---- +
R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 R X...

Series and Parallel Circuit

- a special type of circuit that combination of series and parallel connection in one circuit.

OHM’S LAW in Household Electrical House Wiring

- Ohm‘s Law discovered by the German physicist Georg Ohm, (1787 - 1854).
- It deals with the relationship between voltage and current in an ideal conductor.
- It states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to
the potential difference or voltage across the two points, and inversely proportional to the
resistance between them.
- Material that obeys Ohm's Law is called "ohmic" or "linear" because the potential difference
across it varies linearly with the current
- Ohm's Law defines the relationships between (P) power, (E) voltage, (I) current, and (R)
resistance. One ohm is the resistance value through which one volt will maintain a current of
one ampere.
- ( I ) Current is what flows on a wire or conductor like water flowing down a river. Current
flows from negative to positive on the surface of a conductor. Current is measured in (A)
amperes or amps.
- Current indicates the amount of electrons passing through the wire and is measured in
amperes or amps for short.
- To find Current: I=V÷R or I (amps) = V (volts) ÷ R (Ω)

- ( E or V) Voltage is the difference in electrical potential between two points in a circuit. It's
the push or pressure behind current flow through a circuit, and is measured in (V) volts.
- Voltage is the electrical potential energy and is measured in volts.
- To find voltage: V=IxR or V (volts) = I (amps) x R (Ω)

- ( R ) Resistance determines how much current will flow through a component. Resistors are
used to control voltage and current levels. A very high resistance allows a small amount of
current to flow. A very low resistance allows a large amount of current to flow. Resistance is
measured in ohms, and the unit symbol for it is the Greek letter omega, Ω.

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- Electrical resistance can be thought of as the "friction" on the movement of electrons in a

wire.
- To find resistance:R = V ÷ I or R (Ω) = V (volts) ÷ I (amps)

- ( P ) Power is the amount of current times the voltage level at a given point measured in
wattage or watts.
- Power is the rate of doing work.
- To find Power (P) P = V x I or P (watts) = V (volts) x I (amps)
Also, P = V2 ÷ R or P (watts) = V2 (volts) ÷ R (Ω)

Also, P = I2 x R or P (watts) = I2 (amps) x R (Ω)

- Simple Ohms Law pie chart for use in DC circuits.

Example using Ohm’s Law in a Circuit

For the circuit shown below find the Voltage V, the Current I, the resistance R and the
Power P.

Answer:
Voltage V=IxR Resistance R=V÷I
= 2 x 12Ω = 24 ÷ 2
= 24V = 12 Ω

Current I=V÷R Power P=VxI

= 24 ÷ 12Ω = 24 x 2
=2 = 48W

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PROCEDURE IN ELECTRICAL HOUSE WIRING

Basic Principles of Good Wiring

a. Before beginning any electrical repair, shut off the power. Remove the fuse or trip the
breaker for the circuit you will be working on in your service panel. Use a neon tester to
be sure the power is off. If there is any doubt, you can remove the main fuse or trip the
main breaker. Remember: Removing the main fuse or tripping the main breaker will
usually shut off the power to the entire house.
b. Electrical wires are color coded to prevent wiring errors.

Wire Color Purpose

Black wires are always used for hot wires. These wires may feed a
Black Wires switch or outlet and are often used as switch legs. Never used a black
wire for a neutral or ground connection.
White wires almost always connect to other white wires or to chrome
White Wires
terminal screws on switches and receptacles.
Red wires are also used for hot wires, switch legs (like to a ceiling
fan), and are the second hot wire in 220-volt installations. Another
Red Wires
useful application is the interconnect wire between two hardwired
smoke detectors.
Blue and yellow wires are used as hot wires. These wires are usually
pulled in conduit. The blue wires are generally used for travelers in
Blue and Yellow three-way and four-way switch applications. They also are used as
Wires switch legs to things like lights and fans. Yellow wires are generally
used for switch legs. These control things like light, fans, and
switched outlets.
Green wires and bare copper wires are used only for grounding.
Green and Bare
These wires will ground devices and shall be bonded to junction
Copper Wires
boxes and appliance connections for safety.

a. Some wiring devices–such as receptacles–are back-wired by pushing the bare wire end
into spring grip holes. These wiring devices are plainly labeled to show which color goes
into each spring grip hole.
b. Switches are nearly always connected into black wires in cables. The only exception is
where a cable is extended, making it necessary for the white wire to play the role of the
black wire. When this is necessary, the white wires should be painted black to prevent
future wiring errors.
c. Study the wiring diagram. This will help you understand the basic principles of good
wiring. Also, find a good electrical how-to book. It's one book every homeowner should
keep on hand for ready reference.
d. Most home wiring is complete with either No. 14 gauge or No. 12 gauge wiring. No. 14 is
the smallest wiring permitted under most codes.

Wire Use Rated Ampacity Wire Gauge

Low-voltage Lighting and Lamp Cords 10 Amps 18 Gauge
Extension Cords 13 Amps 16 Gauge
Light Fixtures, Lamps, Lighting Runs 15 Amps 14 Gauge
Receptacles, 110-volt Air Conditioners, Sump Pumps,
20 Amps 12 Gauge
Kitchen Appliances

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Electric Clothes Dryers, 220-volt Window Air

30 Amps 10 Gauge
Conditioners, Built-in Ovens, Electric Water Heaters
Cook Tops 45 Amps 8 Gauge
Electric Furnaces, Large Electric Heaters 60 Amps 6 Gauge
Electric Furnaces, Large Electric Water Heaters, Sub
80 Amps 4 Gauge
Panels
Service Panels, Sub Panels 100 Amps 2 Gauge
Service Entrance 150 Amps 1/0 Gauge
Service Entrance 200 Amps 2/0 Gauge

e. Always use the same size cable for a continuation of extended wiring any circuit.

Single-pole switch
A single-pole switch is the most basic of all electrical switching. When the switch is in the
ON position, it completes the circuit and supplies power to the device. When in the OFF
position, the switch disconnects power from the device.

How to replace a single pole switch.

This is a fairly simple thing to do with only a few things to keep in mind.
1. Turn the power off to the circuit.
2. Double check that the power is off.
3. Remove cover plate.
4. Remove existing switch from the box while keeping the wires attached.
5. If it is a single pole switch you should have 3 wires connected to it, the feed, the switch
leg and the ground.
6. Remove wires from existing switch and connect them to the new switch.
7. Install the new switch back into the box.
8. Replace the cover plate.
9. Turn the power back on.
10. Test your work.

Installing a new light and switch.

1. Determine the current for the circuit that will
determine what size cable you will use.
2. Run your feed cable from the electrical panel to
your switch location.
3. Run your switch cable from the switch location to
the light fixture or fixtures.
4. Install an electrical box at the switch location and
at every light fixture location. Make sure the box
is rated for the weight of the light fixture. If you
are installing a ceiling fan you will need a fan
rated box.
5. Install your light fixtures.
6. Make your connections to the switch. Splice the white or neutral wires together. Connect
the black wires to the switch terminals. Connect your ground to the switch ground
terminal and the box if it is metal.
7. Install the switch into the box.
8. Install your cover plate.

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9. Connect your feed cable in your main electrical panel to the proper size circuit breaker,
and ground/ neutral bar.
10. Test your work.

HOUSE WIRING
House wiring must conform to existing laws and regulations of the National Electrical
Code as well as the City or Local Ordinances enforced and applied in the specific localities.
House wiring methods approved by the National Fire Protection Association include open
conductors, concealed knob and tube wiring, surface metal raceways, armored cable, under
floor raceways, non-metallic sheathed cable, electrical metallic tubing, cast-in-place raceways,
wire ways and house ways.

Wiring Connections

Example 1 Example 2

Example 3 Example 4

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PART II: ANALYZING THE TEST ITEMS

Competency No. 1 Identify the parts of a complete electrical circuit

Item No. 1 A complete circuit consists of a device or board, a path for the current flow, a
method of control and a source of
A. electrical energy C. electrical device
B. electrical machine D. electrical charge

The correct answer is A. Electrical energy is the main source of power in a

circuit
Option B electrical machine are being driven by electricity
Option C. electrical device are apparatus for testing a circuit
Option D electrical charge is a polarity charge in DC source

Competency No. 2 Explain the sources and kinds of electricity

Item No. 2 Chemical reaction takes place before it produces electrical charges to what
source of electricity?

A. Geothermal Power C. Battery

B. Solar Power D. Rotary electromagnet machine
The correct answer is C. Battery is dry cell source of energy
Option A Geothermal Power are source of energy from heat of the earth
Option B Nuclear power uses nuclear energy
Option D Rotary electromagnet uses machine like engine to drive the
generator

Competency No.3 Apply the Ohms Law in house hold electrical connections
Item No. 3. It is stated in Ohms Law that current is directly proportional to the
electromotive force (E.M.F.) or voltage and inversely proportional to the.

A. Resistance C. Source
B. Power D. Electricity

The correct answer is a resistance is the correct answer

Option B power output of a motor
Option C source is the can either be AC or DC
Option D electricity is a source of energy

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Competency No. 4 Select electrical component in installing electrical house wiring

Item No. 4 Open wiring on insulators which is mostly known as open or exposed wiring
method uses cleats, knobs (solid or split) that made of what kind of material?

A. Wood C. Porcelain tubes

B. Ceramics D. Rubber

The correct answer is C Porcelain tube is the correct answer. It has good
characteristic for expose wiring
Option A Wood neither is nor appropriate for expose wiring
Option B ceramics is not durable
Option D rubber is use as insulator

Competency No.5 Apply the correct procedure in electrical house wiring

Item No. 5 House wiring must follow to existing laws and regulations of the National
Electrical Code as well as the City or Local Ordinances enforced and applied in the
specific localities. What agency approves its methods?

A. City Engineers C Department of Local Government

B. Barangay Office D. National Fire Protection Association

The correct answer is D National Fire Protection Association is the office

authorized by the government to approve electrical installations
Option A City Engineers approves building permits
Option C. Department of Local Government approves permit to operate local
concern
Option B. Barangay Office approves local permits

6. Components that connect in parallel form:

a. branches c. open circuits
b. short circuits d. a voltage divider

7. A parallel circuit is also used as a divider for:

a. Conductance c. voltage
b. Power d. current

8. What is RT for a 12 k , a 4 k , and a 3 k resistor in parallel?

a. 1.5 K c. 2 K
b. 6.3 K d. 19 K

9. Power is defined as:

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a. the rate at which work is done c. the conversion of energy

b. work d. force
10. Which equation shows individual resistor voltage drop?
a. V x R c. V x I
2
b. I x R d. I x R

11. An open resistor can affect a series circuit in:

a. Current will flow around the open resistor.
b. The open resistor will drop 0 V.
c. Total resistance will decrease.
d. No current will flow in the circuit

12. What is this symbol ?

a. Battery c. DC Supply
b. AC Supply d. Fuse

13. How does battery delivers current when it is connected to a series?

a. primary/secondary difference c. the polarity connections
b. total resistance d. average resistance

14. A series circuit current is:

a. remains the same through each component
b. the same as the individual resistances
c. subtracted by each component
d. varies through each component

15. It determines the total resistance in a series circuit?

a. the largest resistor c. the largest resistor minus the smaller
b. the sum of the resistor d. the smallest resistor

16. The negative and positive charge symbols are assigned to the:
a. proton and electron c. atom and nucleus
b. electron and proton d. electron and element

17. If the current in a circuit equals 0 A, it is expected that the:

a. voltage is too high c. circuit has a short
b. resistance is too low d. circuit is open

18. What are the unit and symbol for current?

a. Ampere, I c. Ampere, E

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b. Ampere, A d. Ampere, M

19. What type of switch is this ?

a. DPDT (Double Pole, Double Throw)

b. DPST (Double Pole, Single Throw)
c. DTDP (Double Throw, Double Pole)
d. SPDT (Single Pole, Double Throw)

20. A basic electric circuit is made up of what components?

a. A load, a resistor, and a conductive path for current
b. A voltage source, a load, and a conductive path for current
c. A voltage source, a conductive path for current, and a battery
d. A conductive path for current, a battery, and a copper wire

21. Which equation show the resistance total in parallel circuit

a. Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + … c. Rt = (R1 + R2 + R3) / 3

b. Rt = ______1______ d. Rt = ______1______
R1 + R2 + R3 + … _1_+_1_ +_1_ + . . .
R1 R2 R3
22. An ammeter is used to measure
a. Voltage c. Current
b. Resistance d. All of the above

23. A parallel circuit differs from a series circuit in that a parallel circuit has
a. no path for current flow c. one path for current flow
b. fewer paths for current flow d. more than one path for current flow

24. Which of the following is not a safety precaution in electricity?

a. use proper tools for the job c. wear safety gloves
b. touch the electrical wiring d. protect cord from heat

25. It is a type of electricity in motion. This is very useful; it can be transmitted from
place to place through a connection and attachment.
a. Static Electricity c. Battery
b. Dynamic Electricity d. Dynamic and Static Electricity

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Part III. Enhancing Test Taking Skills

1. If you want to check if there is a current present in the electrical circuit. In what
particular part of the electrical circuit serves as the conductor and passage of the
electric current from the source and back will he check
a. Path . c. Load
b. Source d. Control

2. What is this symbol ?

a. Transformer c. Cell
b. Motor d. Battery

3. Electricity is known by its effect. Which of the following is not true?

a. use candle to light your house c. electric stove for cooking
b. electric fan ventilate air d. conditioner to regulate temperature

4. The lightning you see during the storms and heavy rains is generated by friction
from the bombardment of heavy clouds is an example of
a. Dynamic electricity c. Generated electricity
b. Static electricity d. Dynamic and static electricity

5. If you measure the resistance (R) through a component, and the voltage (V)
across the component, then you can find the resistance of the component by
using the equation
a. R = V x I c. V = I x R
b. R = _V_ d. R = _I_
I V

6. When do we use a voltmeter?

a. to measure current c. in parallel with the circuit
b. in series with the circuit d. to measure coulombs

7. Which equation show the resistance total in series circuit

a. Rt = (R1 + R2 + R3) / 3 c. Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . .

b. Rt = ______1______ d. Rt = ______1______
_1_+_1_ +_1_ + . . . R1 + R2 + R3 + …
R1 R2 R3

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8. A device that protects the conductor from burning its insulator

a. switch c. bulb
b. electrical tape d. fuse
9. A switch is a device that:
a. has a short circuits complex circuits
b. hold a fuse
c. has a double pole
d. completes a current path

10. A short circuit will have:

a. A small current flow c. no current flow
b. A large current flow d. some current flow

11. All the components in a series circuit schematic is recognized because:

a. diagonally across the page c. end to end in a "string"
b. in a uniform vertical manner d. horizontally across the page

12. It is an electrical device or appliances that consume electrical energy.

a. Path c. Load
b. Source d. Control

13. It is a natural source of electricity that makes use of the heat of the sun to
produce electricity
a. Hydroelectric energy c. Nuclear energy
b. Human energy d. Solar energy

14. John wants to check if there is a current present in the electrical circuit. In what
particular part of the electrical circuit serves as the conductor and passage of the
electric current from the source and back will he check
a. Path c. Load
b. Source d. Control

15. The periodic reversal of the current in a circuit is known as:

a. Pulsating current c. Alternating current
b. Variable current ` d. Direct current

16. What instrument in use in checking electrical that has dual functions?
a. Watt meter c. Ohmmeter
b. Multi-Tester d. Volt meter

17. What is RT for a 3 k , a 6 k , and a 9 k resistor in series?

a. 12 c. 3

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b. 18 d. 15

18. It is form of mass coming from biological non-fossil organic matter

a. Fossil fuel c. Biomass
b. Geothermal d. Solar mass

19. Peter is checking the circuit of an electrical system. What unit of measure will
he use if he wants to know the resistance in a circuit?
a. Ohms c. Amperes
b. Volts d. Watts

20. A device for producing electric current by moving a coil of wire in magnetic field
a. Motor c. Machine
b. Generators d. Engine

21. What is the voltage of a circuit if the current 3A and the resistance 5 ?
a. 15A c. 1.2
b. 15V d. 5V

22. An electrical device that turns the circuit on and off conveniently.
a. Path c. Load
b. Source d. Control

23. Electrical power is measured in

a. Amperes c. Watts
b. Ohms d. Volts

24. The flow of electric charge is known as:

a. Voltage drop c. Charging
b. Resistance d. Electric current

25. A watt- hour meter is used by a utility company like Meralco, to determine your
electric bill. The watt-meter record the
a. Current c. Electrical energy consumption
b. Electrical power consumption d. Voltage

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ANSWER
PART II: ANALYZING THE TEST ITEMS PART III. ENHANCING TEST TAKING SKILLS

1. A 1. A
2. C 2. D
3. A 3. A
4. C 4. B
5. D 5. B
6. A 6. C
7. D 7. C
8. A 8. D
9. A 9. D
10. D 10. B
11. D 11. C
12. C 12. C
13. B 13. D
14. A 14. A
15. B 15. C
16. B 16. B
17. D 17. B
18. A 18. C
19. B 19. A
20. B 20. B
21. D 21. B
22. C 22. D
23. D 23. C
24. B 24. D
25. B 25. B

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