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DYNAMIC

The document contains 3 problems involving multi-degree of freedom systems subjected to earthquake ground motions. Problem 1 involves a 2-story building modeled as a 2 DOF system. Problem 2 involves determining top floor displacement and base shear of a 2-story building using response spectrum analysis. Problem 3 extends this to a 3-story building modeled as a 3 DOF system to determine top floor displacement and base shear. Solutions provide calculations of system properties like mass and stiffness matrices, natural frequencies, mode shapes, and response quantities like displacement and shear obtained from response spectrum analysis and modal combination.

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Andrea Magtuto
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288 views13 pages

DYNAMIC

The document contains 3 problems involving multi-degree of freedom systems subjected to earthquake ground motions. Problem 1 involves a 2-story building modeled as a 2 DOF system. Problem 2 involves determining top floor displacement and base shear of a 2-story building using response spectrum analysis. Problem 3 extends this to a 3-story building modeled as a 3 DOF system to determine top floor displacement and base shear. Solutions provide calculations of system properties like mass and stiffness matrices, natural frequencies, mode shapes, and response quantities like displacement and shear obtained from response spectrum analysis and modal combination.

Uploaded by

Andrea Magtuto
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem.

A two-story building frame is modeled as shown in Fig. 5.32. The girders are assumed to be rigid, and
the columns have flexural rigidities and with negligible masses. The stiffness of each column can be
computed as

EI2 1
Solution

We find that for m1=m, m2=2m, k1 = k and k2 = 2k


𝑘 𝑘
𝜔12 = (2 − √3) ; 𝜔22 = (2 + √3)
𝑚 𝑚
𝑋21 𝑘2 1
𝑟1 = 1 = 2 =
𝑋1 −𝑚2 𝜔1 + 𝑘2 −1 + √3

𝑋22 𝑘2 1
𝑟2 = 2 = 2 =
𝑋1 −𝑚2 𝜔2 + 𝑘2 −1 − √3

First mode shape

𝑋11 cos(𝜔1 𝑡 + 𝜃1 )
𝑋11 𝑋11 cos(𝜔1 𝑡 + 𝜃1 )
{ 1} = { 1 } = { 𝑋11 }
𝑋2 𝑟1 𝑋1 cos(𝜔1 𝑡 + 𝜃1 ) ( ) cos(𝜔1 𝑡 + 𝜃1 )
√3 − 1
For the motion to be identical with the first normal mode, we need to have 𝑋12 =0

1
1 1 2
[{−𝑟1 𝑥1 (0)}2 + 2 {{−𝑟1 𝑥1 (0)}2 }] = 0
𝑟2 − 𝑟1 𝜔2
𝑥1 (0)
𝑥2 (0) = 𝑟1 𝑥1 (0) =
√3 − 1
𝑥1 (0)
𝑥2 (0) = 𝑟1 𝑥1 (0) =
√3 − 1
Problem 2

A two-story building is modeled as 2-DOF system and rigid floors as shown in the Figure 4.9.
Determine the top floor maximum displacement and base shear due to El-Centro, 1940 earthquake
ground motion using the response spectrum method. Take the inter-story stiffness, k =197.392 ×
103 N/m and the floor mass, m = 2500 kg and damping ratio as 2%.

Solution

Mass of each floor, m = 2500 kg and stiffness, k = 197.392 kN/m


thus,
Stiffness matrix
3𝑘 −𝑘
= [𝑘] = [ ]
−𝑘 𝑘
and mass matrix
5000 0
= [𝑚] =
0 2500

Using equation (4.19), eigen values and eigen vectors can be obtained
as ω1 = 6.283 rad/sec and ω2 =12.566 rad/sec

0.5 −1
[𝜙1 ] = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 [𝜙2 ] =
1 1
Modal participation factors are given by

Similarly,

1st mode response

From the response spectra, (refer Figures 4.2 and 4.4 or Appendix-II)

S a1 = 6.17 m s2 and S d1 = 0.153m

Top floor displacement = Γ1 × φ 21 × Sd1 = 1.333× 1 × 0.153


= 0.204m
Base Shear
2nd Mode Response

From response spectra, (refer Figures 4.2 and 4.4 or Appendix-II)

S a2 = 10.582 m s2 and S d 2 = 0.06445m

Mode Top floor displacement (m) Base shear (kN)

1 0.204 40.16

2 -0.0214 -8.652

SRSS 0.2052 41.08

Exact Response
0.202 40.72
(from Example 3.6)
Problem 3
A three-story building is modeled as 3-DOF system and rigid floors as shown in Figure 4.12.
Determine the top floor maximum displacement and base shear due to El-Centro, 1940 earthquake
ground motion using the response spectrum method. Take the inter-story lateral
stiffness of floors i.e. k1 = k2= k3=16357.5 x 103 N/m and the floor mass m1 = m2= 10000 kg
and m3=5000 kg.

Solution

The mass matrix of the structure


and the stiffness matrix

Finding eigen values and eigen vectors using the equation (4.19)
Implying that

On substituting ω2 in the characteristic equation,


From the response spectra (refer Figures 4.2 and 4.4 or Appendix-II),
Peak responses using the SRSS modal combination rule are given below

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