TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO

IIT-JEE Syllabus

1. Trigonometric ratios of compound angles

2. Trigonometric ratios of multiple angles, sub multiple angles
3. Conditional identities
4. Greatest and the least value of the expression

Total No. of questions in Trigonometric Ratio are:

Solved examples…....…………………………..…23
Exercise # 1 …….……………………………….…26
Exercise # 2 …….……………………………….…35
Exercise # 3 …….……………………………….…26
Exercise # 4 ……………………………………..…10
Exercise # 5 ……………………………………..…15
Total No. of questions………………..135

*** Students are advised to solve the questions of exercises in the same sequence or as
directed by the faculty members.

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 EXERCISE # 1
Relation between systems of  a2 cos2 + b2sin2 – 2ab cos sin = c2
Questions
based on measurement of angles a2 – a2sin2 + b2 – b2 cos2 – 2ab cos sin = c2
 a2 sin2 + b2 cos2 + 2ab sin cos = a2 + b2 – c2
 (a sin  + b cos )2 = a2 + b2 – c2
Q.1 The angle subtended at the centre of the circle
of diameter 50 cm by an arc of 11 cm, is  a sin  + b cos  = ± a 2  b2  c2
(in degree)
(A) 22º 10' (B) 23º 10' Q.4 If sin x + sin2 x = 1, then
cos8 x + 2 cos6 x + cos4 x = ....
(C) 20º 12' (D) 25º 12'
(A) 0 (B) – 1
arc 11
Sol.[D] Angle =  radian (C) 2 (D) 1
radius 25
2
11 180 Sol. [D] sin x = cos x
=  degree
25   cos8x + 2 cos6x + cos4x = sin4x + 2 sin3x + sin2x
11180  7 126 = (sin x + sin2x)2 = 1
=  = 25° 12
25  22 5
Q.2 The angles of a triangle are in A.P. and the Questions Sign of Trigonometric ratio and
based on allied angle
number of degrees in the least is to the number
of radians in the greatest as 60 to ; then the
1 
angles in degree, are Q.5 If sin  = and <  < . Then the value
2 2
(A) 24º, 60º, 96º (B) 30º, 60º, 90º
sin   cos 
(C) 45º, 60º, 75º (D) None of these of is
tan 
Sol.[B]  2B = A + C ……….(i) 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
and A + B + C = 180°  B = 60° 2
Given that
1 
A in deg ree 60 Sol.[A] sin  = and <  < 
 2 2
C in radiun 
 3
A.180 60 then  =  – 
 4 4
C. 
3 3
 3 A = C ………(ii) sin  cos
sin   cos  4 4
from (i) & (ii) So 
tan  3
4A = 120°  A = 30° tan
4
and C = 90°
1 1

Angles are 30°, 60°, 90° 2 2
= =0
1
Questions
based on Trigonometric ratio or functions
Q.6 The expression
Q.3 If a cos  – b sin  = c, then a sin  + b cos = 3 
3 [sin4      + sin4 (3 +)]
2 2 2 2 2 2  2 
(A) ± a b c (B) ± a b c
1 
(C) ± a 2  b2  c2 (D) None of these – 2 [sin6      + sin6 (5– )] is equal to-
2 
Sol.[C]  a cos  – b sin  = c
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 (A) 0 (B) 1 (A) 30º (B) 60º
(C) 3 (D) sin 4 + cos 6 (C) 45º (D) 145º
  3   2 tan A 2/3 3
Sol.[B] 3 sin 4      sin 4 (3  ) Sol.[C]  tan 2A = 2
 
 2   1  tan A 11/ 9 4
tan 2A  tan B
    tan (2A + B) =
– 2 sin 6      sin 6 (5   ) 1  tan 2A tan B
  2  
3 1
= 3 [cos 4   sin 4 ]  2[cos 6   sin 6 ] 
21  4
= 4 7 
3 1 28  3
= 3 [1  2 sin 2  cos 2 ]  2[1  3 sin 2  cos 2  ] 1 .
4 7
= 3 – 2 = 1 tan (2A + B) = 1  2A + B = 45°

 3 15 Questions Transformation of product into

Q.7 If <  < ,  <  < ; sin  = and based on sum & difference
2 2 17
12
tan  = , the value of sin ( – ) is - Q.10 cos 20º cos 100º + cos 100º cos 140º
5
– cos 140º cos 200º =
–21 21 –171 171
(A) (B) (C) (D) (A) 0 (B) 3/4
221 221 221 221
(C) –3/4 (D) – 4/3
15 8 12
Sol.[D] sin  = , cos  = – , tan  = , Sol.[C] cos20° cos100° + cos100° cos140° – cos140° cos 200°
17 17 5
= cos20° cos100° – cos100° cos 40° – cos 40° cos 20°
12 5
sin  = , cos  = – 1
13 13 = cos120  cos80  cos140  cos 60  cos60  cos 20
2
So sin() = sin  cos  – cos  sin 
1  3  3
 12   8   5   15  =
2  2  2 cos 60 cos 20  cos 20   4
=     –      
 13   17   13   17 
96 75 171  5  
=   Q.11 2 sin   sin   =
221 221 221  12   12 
Questions 1 1
based on Sum or Difference of angles (A) – (B)
2 2
1 1
tan 2 2 – tan 2  (C) (D)
Q.8 = 4 6
1 – tan 2 2 tan 2 
   
(A) tan 3/ tan  (B) cot 3/ cot  Sol.[B] 2 sin    sin
 2 12  12
(C) tan 3 tan  (D) cot 3 cot 
  2  1
Sol.[C] Expression we can written as = 2 cos sin = sin = sin =
12 12 12 6 2
tan 2  tan  tan 2  tan 
.
1  tan 2 tan  1  tan 2 tan 
= tan(2). tan (2 + ) Questions Transformation of sum or difference
= tan . tan 3
based on into product

Q.9 If tan A = 1/3 and tan B = 1/7 then the value of cos l2 – sin 12 sin 147
Q.12  =
2A + B is - cos 12  sin 12 cos 147
(A) 1 (B) –1
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 (C) 0 (D) None 
n
 A B  A B
 2 cos  cos 
cos 12  sin 12 sin 147   2   2 
Sol.[C]  Sol.[B] +
cos 12  sin 12 cos 147   A B  A B 
 2 cos  sin 
cos 12  cos 78 sin(  33)   2   2 
= 
cos 12  cos 78 cos(   33) n
 AB AB 
2 sin 45 sin 33 sin 33  2 sin  cos  
=  =0   2   2  
2 cos 45 cos 33 cos 33   A B  A B
Q.13 If m sin  = n sin ( + 2),   2 sin  sin 
  2   2 
then tan ( +  ) cot  = n n
  A  B    A  B 
1– n mn = cot     cot  
(A) (B)   2    2 
1 n m–n
m–n =0 [ n is odd]
(C) (D) None
mn
Sol.[B] m sin  = n sin ( + 2)

sin(  2) m Questions Trigonometric Ratio of multiple

 
sin  n basedon angles
use componendo & devidendo then
Q.15 2 sin2 + 4 cos ( + ) sin  sin  + cos 2( + )
sin(  2)  sin  m  n
  is equal to
sin(  2 )  sin  m  n
(A) sin 2 (B) cos 2
from C – D formula
(C) cos 2 (D) sin 2
2 sin(  ) cos  m  n
  Sol.[C] 2sin2 + 4cos( + ) sin sin + 2cos2 ( + ) – 1
2 cos(   ) sin  m  n
= 2sin2 + 2cos ( + )
mn
 tan( + ) cot  = [2sin sin + cos ( + )] – 1
mn
2
= 2 sin  + 2 cos ( + ) cos ( – ) – 1
n n
 cos A  cos B   sin A  sin B  = 2 sin2 + 2 cos2 – 2 sin2 – 1
Q.14     
 sin A – sin B   cos A – cos B  = 2cos2 – 1 = cos2
when n is odd, is- 
Q.16 If tan = cos.tan, then tan2   =
 A  B  2
(A) 2 cotn   (B) zero
 2  sin(   ) cos(  – )
(A) (B)
 A  B sin(  – ) cos(   )
(C) 2 tann   (D) None
 2  sin(  – ) cos(   )
(C) (D)
sin(   ) cos(  – )

1  tan 2  / 2
Sol.[C] We know that = cos 
1  tan 2  / 2
tan 
Given that cos  =
tan 

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 1  tan 2  / 2 tan  Q.19 Maximum value of
 
1  tan 2  / 2 tan  (5 sin x – 12 cos x) (5 cos x + 12 sin x) is
using componendo & devidendo then solve we get 169 169 196
(A) (B) (C) (D) 1
2 sin(  ) 2 4 2
tan /2 =
sin(  ) Sol.[A] (5 sin x – 12 cos x) (5 cos x + 12 sin x)
 13 sin(x – ). 13 cos (x – )
1  cos 4 1  cos 4
Q.17 2
+ is equal to - 169
sec 2  1 cos ec 2 2  1  sin 2 (x – )
2
(A) 0 (B) 2 169
maximum value =
(C) 1 (D) 4 2
1  cos 4 1  cos 4
Sol.[B] 2
 Q.20 The least value of
sec 2  1 cos ec 2 2  1
2 sin 2 2 . cos 2 2 2 cos 2 2 . sin 2 2 [cos2 – 6 sin . cos  + 3 sin2 + 2] is-
= 
1  cos 2 2 1  sin 2 2 (A) 4 + 10 (B) 4 – 10
2 2
= 2 cos 2 + 2 sin 2 = 2 (C) 0 (D) 4
Sol.[B] cos  – 6 sin cos + 3 sin2 + 2
2

Questions Conditional Trig. identities & Greatest = 2 sin2 – 6 sin cos + 3 = 2 sin2 – 3sin2 + 3
based on and least value of the expression
 1  cos 2 
=2   – 3 sin 2 + 3
 2 
sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C = 1 – cos2 – 3 sin2 + 3 = 4 – (3 sin 2 + cos 2)
Q.18 In a ABC, =
sin A  sin B  sin C
– a 2  b 2  a sin + b cos  a 2  b2
A B C
(A) 8 sin sin sin  – 10  3 sin 2 + cos 2 10
2 2 2
 for least value, we take
A B C
(B) 8 cos cos cos
2 2 2 3 sin 2 + cos 2 10

A B C  least value is given by 4 – 10

(C) 8 tan tan tan
2 2 2 Questions
based on Miscellaneous Points
A B C
(D) 8 cot cot cot
2 2 2     
Q.21 96 3 sin . cos .cos .cos .cos
sin 2A  sin 2B  sin 2C 48 48 24 12 6
Sol.[A]
sin A  sin B  sin C has the value
2 sin(A  B) cos( A  B)  2 sin C cos C (A) 8 (B) 9
=
 A B  A B C C
2 sin  cos   2 sin cos (C) 10 (D) None
 2   2  2 2
Sol.[B]  2sin x cos x = sin 2x
sin C [cos( A  B)  cos( A  B)]
=
C AB  A  B      
cos cos    cos   So 96 3 sin cos cos cos cos
2  2   2  48 48 24 12 6
2 sin A sin B sin C    
=  48 3 sin cos cos cos
A B C 24 24 12 6
2 cos cos cos
2 2 2
  
A B C  24 3 sin cos cos
= 8 sin sin sin 12 12 6
2 2 2
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   so 2 sec  = sec ( –) + sec ( + )
 12 3 sin cos
6 6 cos (  )  cos (  )
2 sec  =
cos (  ) cos (  )
 3
 6 3 sin = 6 3. =9 2 cos . cos 
3 2 2 sec  =
Q.22 The value of tan 6º tan 42º tan 66º tan 78º is- (cos 2   sin 2 )
(A) 1 (B) 1/2  cos2  – sin2  = cos2  cos 
(C) 1/4 (D) 1/8 sin2 = cos2  (1 – cos )
2
Sol.[A] We know that    2 2
 2 sin cos  = cos . 2 sin /2
tan . tan (60 – ) tan (60 + ) = tan 3  2 2 
 So tan 6° tan 42° tan 66° tan 78°
cos2  = 2 cos2/2
(tan 6 tan 54 tan 66)(tan18 tan 42 tan 78)
 cos  sec /2 = 2 (True)
tan18 tan 54
tan 18 tan 54 Q.25 If sin = sin, then we always have sin 2 = sin 2
 =1
tan 18 tan 54 Sol. sin  = sin 
then sin 2 = sin 2
 3 5  2 sin  cos  = 2 sin  cos 
Q.23 The value of sin + sin + sin +.....to n
n n n  cos  = cos  is not necessary.
terms is equal to False.
(A) 1 (B) 0
 Fill in the blanks type questions
n
(C) (D) none
2 Q.26 If  and  are the solutions of
 3 5 a cos  + b sin  = c, then
Sol.[B] sin + sin + sin +…….. to n terms
n n n (i) sin  + sin  = ............
   2    4  (ii) sin  sin  = .......
= sin + sin    + sin    +……n terms
n n n  n n  (iii) cos  + cos  = .......
use sin + sin( + ) + sin ( + 2) +…..……+ (iv) cos  cos  = ........
sin (  (n  1)) (v) In a triangle ABC, C = 90º then the equation
 2 whose roots are tan A and tan B is ......
where  = and  = Sol. Given a cos  + b sin  = c
n n
n a cos  = c– b sin 
sin a2 (1 –sin2) = c2 –2bc sin  + b2 sin2 
= 2 sin 2  (n  1)
 2  (a2 + b2) sin2  –2bc sin  + c2–a2 = 0
sin sin , sin  are the roots so
2
2 2bc
n. (i) sin  + sin  = and
 2 a 2  b2
sin n 2.  (n  1)
= 2 sin n n c2  a 2
2 / n (ii) sin  sin =
2 a 2  b2
sin
2 Similarly change in cos , we get
2 2 (a2 + b2) cos2  –2ac cos  + c2–b2 = 0
 (n  1)
sin 
= sin n n cos , cos  are the roots of this equation so
 2 2ac
sin (iii) cos  + cos  = 2 and
n a  b2
= 0 × (…’’...) = 0
c2  b2
(iv) cos  cos  = 2
 True or false type questions a  b2
2
(v) sin2A x – 2x + sin2A = 0
Q.24 If sec ( – ), sec  and sec ( + ) are in A.P.,
then cos  sec (/2) = 2 .
Sol. sec ( – ), sec , sec ( + ) are in A.P.
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 EXERCISE # 2
Only single correct answer type
Part-A
questions
Q.1 Maximum value of
cos3 x + cos3 (120º – x) + cos3 (120º + x) is
1 3 A lies in IInd quadrant
(A) 1 (B) (C) (D) 3/8 527
2 4 So cos A = –
625
3 cos A  cos 3A
Sol.[C]  cos3A = 1 cos A
4 sin A/2 = –
2
Given expression
1 [A/2 lies in IIIrd quadrant]
= [3cosx + cos3x + 3cos (120 – x) +
4 625  527 24
cos (360 – 3x) + 3cos (120 + x) + cos (360 + 3x)] =– =–
2  625 25
1 So
= [3 cosx + 3 cos3x + 6 cos120 cosx]
4 2
 24 
3 cos A/2 = – 1   
= [cos3x]  25 
4
625  576 7
3 =– cos A/2 = –
maximum value = 625 25
4
A
  3   5   7   A/4 lies in 112.5 < < 132º
Q.2 cos2   + cos2   + cos2   + cos2   4
16
  16
  16
   16  [IInd quadrant]
is equal to - 1 cos A / 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3 So sin A/4 =
2
Sol.[C]
1 7 / 25 25  7
 3   3  = =
cos2 +cos2 + cos2    + 2 2  25
16 16  2 16 
A 4
  sin =
cos2    4 5
 2 16 
  3 3
 cos2 +sin2 +cos2 + sin2 n 1
16 16 16 16 2 r
=1+1 =2
Q.4 cos  n 
r 1
is equal to -

n n 1
(A) (B)
336 2 2
Q.3 If sin A = , where 450º < A < 540º, then
625 n
(C) –1 (D) None of these
A 2
sin is -
4 Sol.[C]
(A) 3/5 (B) – 3/5 n 1
r
(C) 4/5 (D) – 4/5  cos 2 n
r 1
Sol.[C]
336  2 
sin A = = cos2 + cos2 +.......+cos2(n–1)
625 n n n
450º < A < 540º 1  2 4 
=
2 1  cos n  1  cos n  ....  1  cos 2(n  1) n 
 

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 7
 1  n 1
2 r   = ,  = –,  = 2 + ,  = 3 –
= (n  1)   cos     
2  r 1 n  So 4 sin + 3 sin +2 sin +sin
2 2 2 2
n 1
1 2r
= (n  1)  1   cos = –1
= 4 sin
 
+ 3 sin  +
2 r 1 n
2  2 
1
= (n –2)  2     3   
2 2 sin   + sin  
 2   2 
Q.5 If an angle  is divided into two parts A and B    
= 4 sin + 3 cos –2 sin – cos
such that A – B = x and tan A : tan B = k : 1, 2 2 2 2
then the value of sin x is-  
= 2 sin + 2 cos
 k 1  k  2 2
(A)   sin  (B)   sin
 k  1   k 1     
= 2 sin 2  cos 2  2 sin cos
 k 1 2 2 2 2
(C)   sin  (D) None of these
 k 1 = 2 1  sin 
Sol.[C]
 divided in two part A and B given that sin  = k so = 2 1 k
so A + B =  and given A – B = x
tan A k  
Given that = Q.7 If tan   and tan   are the roots of the
tan B 1 2
   2
using componendo and dividendo, we obtain equation 8x2 – 26x + 15 = 0 then cos ( + ) is
tan A  tan B k  1 equal to-
 =
tan A  tan B k  1 627 627
(A) – (B)
sin A cos B  cos A sin B k  1 725 725
 =
sin A cos B  cos A sin B k  1 725
(C) – (D) – 1
sin(A  B) k  1 627
 = Sol.[A]
sin(A  B) k  1
sin  k  1  
 = tan , tan are the roots of the equation
sin x k  1 2 2
2
8x – 26x + 15 = 0
k 1
 sin x = sin    26 13
k 1 so tan + tan = =
2 2 8 4
Q.6 If , ,,  are the smallest positive angles in   15
ascending order of magnitude which have their tan tan =
2 2 8
sines equal to the positive quantity k, then the
 
value of tan  tan
 2 2
     tan =
4 sin   + 3 sin   + 2 sin   + sin   2  
2 2 2 1  tan tan
       2 2 2
is equal to- 13
(A) 2 1 k (B) 2 1 k 13 8 26
= 4 = =–
15 4(8 – 15) 7
1 k 1
(C) (D) None of these 8
2
 
Sol.[B] 1  tan 2
cos ( + ) = 2
 are the smallest positive angles in
2 
ascending order of magnitude which have their 1  tan
2
sines equal to the positive quantity k so

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 8
 676  
1 = 4 cos 2 = 2 cos
= 49 = 49  676 = – 627 2 n
2n
676 49  676 725
1
49 Q.10 The sign of the product sin 2 sin 3 sin 5 is -
Q.8 cot 5º – tan 5º – 2 tan 10º – 4 tan 20º – 8 cot 40º (A) Negative (B) Positive
is equal to - (C) 0 (D) None of these
(A) 0 (B) 8 tan 40º Sol.[A]
(C) 8 tan 80º (D) None of these We know that 1c = 57º approx.
Sol.[A] So sin 2 = sin (57º × 2)
We know that = sin 114º +ve IInd quadrant
cot  – tan  = 2 cot 2 and sin 3 = sin (57º × 3)
= sin 171º +ve IInd quadrant
so
and sin 5 = sin (57º × 5)
= 2 cot 10º – 2 tan 10º – 4 tan 20º –8 cot 40º = sin 285º –ve IVth quadrant
= 4 cot 20º – 4 tan 20º – 8 cot 40º so product of sin 2. sin 3. sin 5 is
= 8 cot 40º – 8 cot 40º = 0 = product of +. +. – = –ve
so product of
sin 2 sin 3 sin 5 = –ve
Q.9 If 0º <  < 180º then cos 20º  8 sin 70º sin 50º sin 10º
Q.11 is equal to -
sin 2 80º
2  2  2  2  .............  2(1  cos ) (A) 1 (B) 2
there being n number of 2’s , is equal to- 3
(C) (D) None of these
  4
(A) 2 cos n (B) 2 cos n 1 Sol.[B]
2 2
 We know that
(C) 2 cos n 1 (D) None of these
2 1
sin sin (60 + ) sin (60 – ) = sin 3
Sol.[A] 4
cos 20º  8 sin 10º sin 70º. sin 50º
2  2  2  2  .............  2(1  cos ) so
sin 2 80º
1
= 2  2  .............  4 cos 2  / 2 cos 20º  8. . sin 30º
= 4
 sin 2 80º
 1 + cos  = 2 cos2
2 cos 20º  2 sin 30º
=
sin 2 80º
= 2  2  .............  2  2 cos  / 2
cos 20 º 1 2 cos 2 10º
= 2  2  .............  2 (1  cos  / 2) = = =2
sin 2 (90  10) cos 2 10º
4
= 2  2  .............  4 cos 2  / 2 2 Q.12 It is known that sin  = and 0 <  <  then the
5
 2
 3 sin(   )  cos(   )
value of cos  / 6 is -
and so on we have sin 
    (A) Independent of  for all  in (0, )
= 2  2 cos n 1
= 2 1  cos n 1 
2  2  5
(B) for tan  < 0
13
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 9
 3 (7  24 cot ) = 1 – sin2 + sin4 
(C) for tan  > 0
15 1 1
= 1 + sin4 – sin2  + –
(D) None of these 4 4
Sol.[D] 3
= + (sin2  – 1/2)2
4 3 4
Given that sin  = so cos  =
5 5 then A 3/4 ... (2)
2 from (1) and (2)
3 sin(  )  cos(  )
3/2 3
then A1
sin  4
= 3(sin  cos   cos  sin )  4(cos  cos   sin  sin )
Q.15 The value of the expression
3 sin 
 2 10  3 5
3 4  3 4 cos cos cos – sin sin sin is
3   cot .   4  cot .   7 7 7 14 14 14
 5 5  5 5
= 1
3 (A) 0 (B) –
4
9  12 cot   12 cot   16
= 1 1
5 3 (C) (D) –
4 8
25 5 Sol.[B]
= =
5 3 3  2 10  3 5
cos cos cos – sin sin sin
7 7 7 14 14 14
Q.13 In a triangle ABC, angle A is greater than angle
 2  4 
B. If the measures of angles A and B satisfy the  cos cos cos  2  
7 7  7 
equation 3 sin x – 4 sin3 x – k = 0, 0 < k < 1,
then the measure of angle C is- –sin    3  sin    2  sin     
2 7  2 7  2 7
  2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)  2 4 3 2 
3 2 3 6  cos cos cos – cos cos cos
Sol.[C] 7 7 7 7 7 7
Given equation is sin 3x = k, 0 < k < 1  2  4 3 
 cos cos  cos  cos 
since k lies between 0 and 1, the two values of 3x 7 7  7 7 
will be (0, ) and will be supplementary angle so  2  
– 2 cos cos sin sin
 7 7 2 14
3A + 3B =   A + B =
3   2 
 2 sin cos cos cos
 2  14 7 7 14
But A + B + C =   C =  – = 
3 3 cos
14
Q.14 If A = cos2  + sin4 , then for all values of  4  3 
 sin  sin    
(A) 1  A  2 (B) 13/16  A  1 7 =  7 

   3 
(C) 3/4  A  13/16 (D) 3/4  A  1 4 cos 4 cos   
14 2 7 
Sol.[D]
A = cos2  + sin4  3
sin
 A = cos2  + sin2 . sin2 =– 7 =–1
3 4
A  cos2  + sin2  4 sin
7
 sin2  1
A 1 ...(1)
Again A = cos2  + sin4

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 10
Q.16 The minimum and maximum value of 1 sin 9º sin 27º sin 81º
= . . . ......
2
ab sin x + b (1  a ) cos x + c (| a | < 1, b > 0) 230 4 4 4
1
respectively are = [sin 9º sin 27º sin 45º sin 63º sin 81º]
2 40
(A) {b – c, b + c} (B) {b + c, b – c} 1 1
= [(sin 9º cos 9º)(sin 27º cos 27º)]
(C) {c – b, b + c} (D) None of these 2 40 2
Sol.[C] 1 1
= [sin 18º sin 54º] ×
ab sin x + b 1  a 2 cos x + c 2 42 2
We know that the maximum and minimum value 1  5 1   5 1 
= ×    × 1
of a cos  + b sin  is ± 2
a b 2
2 42  4   4  2
   
so ab sin x + b 1  a 2 cos x + c 1
  89 / 2

2 2 2 2
2
± a b  b (1  a ) + c
 3 
= ± a 2 b2  b 2  a 2b 2 + c = ± b + c  c ± b Q.19 If x  ,  then
 2 
maximum value = c + b; minimum value = c – b
 x
4 cos2  –  + 4 sin 4 x  sin 2 2x equals -
sin 7x  6 sin 5x  17 sin 3x  12 sin x 4 2
Q.17 = (A) 2 (B) –2
sin 6x  5 sin 4x  12 sin 2x
(C) 3 (D) – 3
(A) cos x (B) 2 cos x (C) sin x (D) 2 sin x
 x
Sol.[B] Sol. [A] 4 cos2    + 4 sin 4 x  sin 2 2 x
(sin 7 x  sin 5x )  5(sin 5x  sin 3x ) 12(sin 3x  sin x ) 4 2
sin 6x  5 sin 4 x  12 sin 2x  x
Use C & D formula  4 cos2    + 4 sin 4 x  4 sin 2 x cos 2 x
4 2
2 sin 6x cos x  10 sin 4x cos x  24 sin 2x cos x
 x
sin 6x  5 sin 4x  12 sin 2x  2.2 cos2    + 4 sin 2 x (sin 2 x  cos 2 x )
4 2
(sin 6x  5 sin 4x  12 sin 2 x)
= 2 cos x   x 
(sin 6x  5 sin 4x  12 sin 2 x)  2 1  cos   2   2  + 4 sin 2 x
  4 2 
= 2 cos x
1   
Q.18 If product of sin 1° sin 3° sin 5°…. sin 89° = n
 2 1  cos   x  + |2 sin x|
2  2 
then n equals   3 
 2[1 + sin x] – 2 sin x x   , 
89   2 
(A) 44 (B)
2  2 + 2 sin x – 2 sin x = 2
(C) 45 (D) None
Sol. [B] sin 1º . sin 3º sin 5º ...... sin 89º   
Q.20 1 + cosec + cosec + cosec equals -
= sin 1º sin 3º sin 5º ....... sin 59º sin 61º sin 63º 4 8 16
........ sin 87º sin 89º
 
= (sin1º sin 59º sin 61º) (sin 3º sin 57º sin 63º) (A) cot (B) cot
...... (sin 29º sin 31º sin 89º) 8 16
sin 3º sin 9º sin 87 º 
= . ........... [use sin  sin (C) cot (D) None
4 4 4 32
sin 3   
(60 – ) sin (60 + ) = ] Sol.[C] 1 + cosec + cosec + cosec
4 4 8 16
1
= 15 (sin 3º sin 57º sin 63º) (sin 9º sin 51º sin
4
69º) ...... (sin 27º sin 33º sin 87º)

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 11
       7 24
= 1 +  cot  cot  +  cot  cot  +  = cos–1 and  = sin–1
 8 4   16 8 25 25
  
 cot  cot  Q.23 The set of values of k  R such that the
 32 16 
equation cos 2 + cos  + k = 0 admits of a
 
= 1 – cot + cot solution for  is
4 32
   9
= 1 – 1 + cot = cot (A) 0,  (B) [0, )
32 32  8
   (C) [–2, 0] (D) none of these
Q.21 3 tan6 – 27 tan4 + 33 tan2 equals -
18 18 18 Sol.[A]
(A) 0 (B) 1 cos 2 + cos  + k = 0 kR
2
(C) 2 (D) 3  2 cos  + cos  + k –1 = 
    1  1  8 (k  1)
Sol.[B] 3 tan6 – 27 tan4 + 33tan2 cos  =
18 18 18 4
  1 9  8 k
Let  =  3 = =
18 6 4
 For real cos , 9 –8 k  0
tan 3 = tan
6 9
k ... (i)
3 tan   tan 3  1 8
2
=
1  3 tan  3  1  9  8k
and –1  1
3
3 3 tan  – 3 tan  = 1 – 3 tan  2 4
square –3  ± 9  8k  5
27 tan2 + 3 tan6  – 18 tan4 = 1 + 9 tan 4 – 6
 –3  – 9  8k and 9  8k  5
tan2
3 tan6 – 27 tan4 + 33 tan2 = 1  9 – 8k  9 and 9 –8k  25
k  0 and k  –2  k  0 ... (ii)
One or more than one correct  9
Part-B from (1) and (2) k  0, 
answer type questions  8

 Q.24 If sin A + sin B + sin C = cos A + cos B + cos C = 0,

Q.22 If 7 cos x – 24 sin x = cos (x + ), 0 <  < ,
2 then
be true for all x  R then 1
(A) cos (A – B) = –
24 2
(A)  = 25 (B)  = sin–1
25 (B) sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C = 0
(C)  = –25 (D)  = cos–1
7 (C) sin2 A + sin2 B + sin2 C = 3/2
25 (D) cos2 A + cos2 B + cos2 C = 3/2
Sol.[A, B, D]
Sol.[A,C,D]
7 cos x –24 sin x =  cos (x + ) sin A + sin B = – sin C
0 <  < /2 cos A + cos B = – cos C
 7 24  square and solve
25  cos x  sin x  =  cos (x + )
 25 25 
Q.25 If tan  and tan  are the roots of the equation
7 24
Let cos  = then sin  = x2 + px + q = 0 (p  0), then
25 25
(A) sin2 ( + ) + p sin ( + ) cos ( + )
 25 cos (x + )
+ q cos2 ( + ) = q
so = 25
(B) tan ( + ) = p/q – 1

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 12
 (C) cos ( + ) = 1 – q 6=  cos (2  )  [cot  + cot ( + )]
cot   sin  
(D) sin ( + ) = – p  
sin (2  )
Sol.[A, B] sin  =
tan  and tan  are the roots of 3
x2 + px + q = 0 p0 so
so tan  + tan  = –p 6 = [cot  –3 cot (2 + )]
tan  tan  = q [cot  + cot ( + )]
tan   tan  p Again, 3 sin  = sin (2 + )
tan ( + ) = =  3 sin  = sin 2 cos  + cos 2sin ... (ii)
1  tan  tan  1  q
 3 sin  = 2sin  cos  cos 
p + (2cos2 –1) sin 
 tan (+ ) = ... (i)
q 1 4 sin  = 2 sin  cos  cos  + 2 cos2  sin 
2 sin  = cos  (sin  cos  + cos  sin )
2 sin  = cos  sin ( + )
Again from (ii)
p p2+ (q–1)2 3 sin  = sin 2 cos  + cos 2 sin 
 3 sin  = 2 sin  cos  cos 
+ (1 –2 sin2 ) sin 
 2 sin = 2 sin  cos  cos  – 2 sin2  sin 
q–1 sin  = sin  cos ( + )
p Again from (i)
 sin ( + ) = sin (2  )
p 2  (q  1) 2 3=
sin 
(q  1) using componendo and dividendo,
and cos ( + ) =
p  (q  1) 22 we have
put the values in option (A), we get sin (2  )  sin  3  1
=
p2 p 2 (q  1) q(1  q) 2 sin(2  )  sin  3  1
2 2
+ 2 2
+ and 2 sin (  ) cos 
p  (q  1) p  (q  1) p  (q  1) 2
2
=2
2 cos(   ) sin 
(q  1)
cos ( + ) = tan ( +) = 2 tan 
p  (q  1) 2
2
so option A, B, C, D are all correct.
p 2  p 2 q  p 2  q(1  q) 2 7
= Q.27 If A lies between 270º & 360º and sin A = – ,
p 2  (q  1) 2 25
q(p 2  (1  q) 2 ) then
= =q ... (ii)
p 2  (1  q) 2 336 A 2
(A) sin 2A = – (B) cos =
So from (i) and (ii) A, B are correct 625 2 5
A 1 A 2
Q.26 If 3 sin  = sin (2 + ) then (C) tan =– (D) sin =–
2 7 2 10
(A) [cot  + cot ( + )] × Sol.[A, C]
[cot – 3 cot (2 + )] = 6 Given 270° < A < 360°
(B) sin  = cos ( + ) sin  7
sin A = –
(C) 2 sin  = sin ( + ) cos  25
(D) tan ( + ) = 2 tan   A lies in IVth quadrant so
Sol.[A, B, C, D]
cos A = + 1  sin 2 A
3 sin  = sin (2 + ) ... (i)
3 sin  = sin  cos ( + ) 49 625  49 576 24
= 1 = = =
+ cos  sin ( + ) 625 625 625 25
3 sin  = [ sin  sin (+ )]  sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
[cot  + cot ( + )]
6 sin  = [cos  –cos (2 + )] 7 24 336
=2× × =–
[cot  + cot ( + )] 25 25 625
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 13
 Option (A) is correct.  
x   0,  , then which of the following is true
A cos A  1  2
 cos = –
2 2
(A) tan 4x = 3 (B) cosec 4x = 2
A
 lies in IInd quadrant. x x
2 (C) sec = 6 – 2 (D) cot =2+ 3
2 2
24
1 Sol.[C,D]
7 7 2
= – 25 =– =– sin(x + 20º) = 2 sin x cos 40º
2 5 2 10 sin x cos 20º + cos x sin 20º = sin x cos 40º + sin
A 1 cos A x cos 40º
 sin =+ cos x sin 20º = sin x cos 40º + sin x cos 40º – sin
2 2
A x cos 20º
 lies in IInd quadrant = sin x cos 40º + sin x[cos 40º – cos 20º]
2
= sin x cos 40º + sin x [2 sin 30º sin
24 A (–10º)]
1 sin
= 25 =
1
=
2
& tan =
A 2 = 2 /10 = sin x cos 40º + sin x
2 5 2 10 2 A 7 2  1 
cos   2  sin(10º ) 
2 10  2 
2 10 1 = sin x cos 40º – sin x sin 10º
=– =–
7 2 10 7 = sin x [sin 50º – sin 10º]
So options A and C are correct. cos x sin 20º = sin x [2 cos 30º sin 20º]
6
cos x = sin x 3
3 m
Q.28 If sin x sin 3x = C m cos x , where tan x =
1
m 0 3
C0, C1, C2, .....C6 are constant, then  x = 30º
(A) C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 = 0 Putting the value of x in options we get,
(B) C1 + C3 + C5 = 0 x x
sec = 6 – 2 and cot =2+ 3
(C) 2C2 – 3C6 = 0 2 2
(D) C4 + 2C6 = 0
Sol.[A, B, C]
6 Part-C Assertion Reason type Questions
sin3 x sin 3x =  C m cos m x
m 0
The following questions 30 to 31 consists of
Taking L.H.S. we have two statements each, printed as Assertion
sin3 x sin 3x and Reason. While answering these
= sin3 x (3 sin x – 4 sin3x) questions you are to choose any one of the
= (1 – cos2x)2 (3 – 4 sin2x)
following four responses.
= (1 – 2 cos2 x – cos4x) (4 cos2x – 1)
= 4 cos2 x – 1 – 8 cosx + 2 cos2 x + 4 cos6 x – cos4 x (A) If both Assertion and Reason are true
= –1 + 6 cos2 x – 9 cos4x + 4 cos6x and the Reason is correct explanation of
according to the question the Assertion.
we get (B) If both Assertion and Reason are true
C0 = –1, C1, = 0, C2 = 6, C3 = 0 but Reason is not correct explanation of
C4 = –9 C5 = 0 and C6 = 4 the Assertion.
Then
(A) C0 + C2 + C4 + C6 (C) If Assertion is true but the Reason is
= –1 + 6 – 9 + 4 = 0 correct false.
(B) C1 + C3 + C5 = 0 + 0 + 0 = 0 correct (D) If Assertion is false but Reason is true
(C) 2C2 –3C6 = 12 – 12 = 0 correct 4xy
(D) C4 + 2C6 = –9 + 8 = –1 wrong Q.30 Assertion (A) : sec2 = is true if and
( x  y) 2
So option A, B, C are correct.
only if x = y and x  0.
Q.29 If sin(x + 20°) = 2 sin x cos 40° where Reason (R) : Because sec  decreases in IIIrd
and IVth quadrant.
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 14
Sol. [B] cos 11º  sin 11º
(C) (R)3/2
 sec2  1 cos 11º  sin 11º
4xy (D) sin2 75º – sin2 15º (S) 0
 1 Sol. A  Q; B  S ; C  P ; D  R
( x  y) 2
   
 (x + y)2  4xy (i) cot     . cot    
4  4 
 (x – y)2  0
cot   1 cot   1
 x = y where x 0 = . =1
 A is true cot   1 cot   1
(ii) sin (45º + ) – cos (45º – )
and sec  decreases in IIIrd and IVth quadrant
= sin (45º + ) – cos (90º – (45º+ ))
 R is true
But R is not correct explanation of A = sin (45º + ) – sin (45º + ) = 0
cos 11º  sin 11º
(iii)
Q.31 Assertion (A): If A, B, C are the angles of a cos 11º  sin 11º
triangle such that angle A is obtuse then sin (45º 11º )
tan B tan C > 1. = = tan 56º
cos (45º  11º )
Reason (R) : In any triangle,
(iv) sin2 75º – sin2 15º
tan B  tan C
tan A = .   sin (A + B) sin (A –B)
tan B tan C  1
Sol. [D] = sin2A – sin2 B
A+B+C=  sin (75º + 15º) sin (75º – 15º)
 A =  – (B + C) 3
 sin 90º sin 60º =
 tan B  tan C  2
tan A = –tan(B + C) = –  
 tan B tan C  1 
Part-E Fill in The Blanks type Questions
tan B  tan C
=
1  tan B tan C Q.34 If  and  are the solution of the equation
tanA < 0  1 – tanBtanC < 0 a tan  + b sec  = c, then tan ( + ) = ..........
Sol. a tan + b sec = c
Part-D Column Matching type Questions (a tan – c)2 = b2(1 + tan2)
= a2tan2 – 2ac tan + c2 – b2 – b2tan2 = 0
Q.32 In a  ABC,
= tan2(a2 – b2) – 2ac tan + c2 – b2 = 0 …(1)
Column 1 Column 2
since ,  are roots of a tan + 6 sec = c
A
(A)  tan A (P) 1–2 sin a tan + b sec = c & a tan + b sec = c
2  tan, tan are roots of …….(1)
B C 2ac
(B)  tan tan (Q)  tan A  tan + tan =
2 2 a 2  b2
A A
(C)  cot (R)  cot c2  b2
2 2 tan + tan =
a 2  b2
A
(D)  sin2 (S) 1 tan   tan 
2  tan( + ) =
1  tan  tan 
Sol. A  Q; B  S; C  R ; D  P
2ac
Do yourself.
2 2 2ac 2ac
Q.33 The value of = a 2 b 2 = 2 2 2 2
= 2
c b a  b  c  b a  c2
1 2
Column 1 Column 2 a  b2
(A) cot (/4 + ). (P) tan 56º 1 1
Q.35 + =.............
cot (/4 – ) cos 290º 3 sin 250º
(B) sin (45º + ) (Q) 1
1 1 3 cos 20  sin 20
– cos (45º – ) Sol.  =
sin 20 3 cos 20 3 sin 20 cos 20

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 15
  3 1 
 cos 20  sin 20 
4  2 2   4 sin 40  4
=
3  2 sin 20 cos 20  3 sin 40 3
 
 

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 16
 EXERCISE # 3
(sin   cos ) (sin   cos )
Part-A Subjective Type Questions =
(sin   cos ) 2
2 tan(   / 4)
ax by 2
Q.1 If + = (a2 – b2), and
cos  sin  sin   cos  1
= .
ax sin  by cos  sin   cos  tan (   / 4)
2
– = 0, show that
cos  sin 2  tan   1 1
= .
(ax)2/3+ (by)2/3 = (a2 – b2)2/3 tan   1 tan (   / 4)
Sol. ax by
+ = a2 – b2 tan (   / 4)
cos  sin  = =1
tan (   / 4)
ax sin  + by cos  = (a2 –b2) cos sin 
Hence proved.
...(1)

and ax sin  – by cos  = 0 Q.3 Prove that

cos 2  sin 2  sin ( A  B) sin ( B  C) sin (C  A )
+ + =0
ax sin3  –by cos3  = 0 ... (2) cos A cos B cos B cos C cos C cos A
Multiplying (1) by cos2  and adding in (2), Sol. Taking L.H.S.
we get sin (A – B) sin (B – C) sin (C – A )
2 3 2 2 3
+ +
ax (sin  cos  + sin ) = (a –b ) cos  sin  cos A cos B cos B cos C cos C cos A
ax = (a2 –b2) cos3  ...(3) sin (A – B) sin A cos B  cos A sin B
Similarly,
=  cos A cos B =  cos A cos B
by = (a2 –b2) sin3  ... (4) =  (tan A  tan B)
from (3) and (4)
= tan A – tan B + tan B –tan C + tan C –tan A
1/ 3
cos  =  ax  = 0 Hence proved.
 a 2  b2 
1/ 3 Q.4 Prove that
 by 
sin  =  2  cos 3  2 cos 5  cos 7
 a  b2  = cos2– sin2 tan3
cos   2 cos   cos 5
Squaring and adding, we get Sol. Taking L.H.S.
(ax)2/3 + (by)2/3 = (a2 –b2)2/3 cos 3  2 cos 5  cos 7
cos   2 cos 3  cos 5
1  2 cos 2 
Q.2 Prove that = 1. cos 3  cos 7  2 cos 5
   2   =
2 tan    sin     cos   cos 5  2 cos 3
 4 4 
2 cos 5. cos 2  2 cos 5
Sol. Taking L.H.S. =
2 cos 3 cos 2  2 cos 3
1  2 cos 2 
cos 5 cos (3  2)
2 tan(   / 4) sin 2 ( / 4  ) = =
cos 3 cos 3
sin 2   cos 2  cos 3 cos 2  sin 3 sin 2
= =
2 cos 3
 sin   cos  
2 tan(   / 4)  
 2  = cos 2 – tan 3 sin 2Hence proved

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 17
Q.5 Prove that  abc
and tan2 = ... (iii)
 2   2 a bc
 tan 1 
4  9   
  cos . cot 4  sec 
 tan 2     1 2  2 then tan2 + tan2 + tan2
  2 2 2
 4 
bca a cb a bc
= cosec 4. = + +
a bc a bc a bc
Sol. Taking L.H.S.
a bc
 2      = =1
a bc
 tan  4   1 
    cos  cot 4  sec 9 
Hence proved.
 2     2  2
 tan  4   1 
   
Q.7 Prove that the identity,
   
 cos 2 cos 4  sin 2 sin 4   3 
9 cos   4  + sin (3 – 8) – sin(4 – 12)
  sec   2 
 sin 4  2
  = 4 cos 2. cos 4 . sin 6.
  cos 4  9 Sol. Taking L.H.S.

  cos    cos  sec 
  2  2 sin 4   2  3 
cos   4  + sin (3 –8) – sin (4 –12)
 2 
9 9
cos . sec 
2 2 = cosec 4Hence proved. = sin4 + sin 8+ sin 12
 
sin 4 = 2 cos 6 cos 2 + 2 sin 6 cos 6
= 2 sin 6 (cos 2 + cos 6)
a b c = 2 sin 6. 2 cos 4 cos 2
Q.6 If cos = , cos = and cos = ,
bc ac ab
= 4 cos 2. cos 4 sin 6
where , ,  lies between 0 and  then prove Hence proved
  
that tan2   + tan2   + tan2   = 1.
 2  2 2 cos 4 tan 2  sin 4
Q.8 Prove that = – tan2 2
a b c cos 4 cot 2  sin 4
Sol. cos = , cos = cos =
bc a c ab Sol. Taking LHS
then we know that cos 4 tan 2  sin 4 tan 2  tan 4
= =
cos 4 cot 2  sin 4 cot 2  tan 4
1  tan 2  / 2
cos  =
1  tan 2  / 2  tan 2  tan 4 
= tan 2  
 1  tan 2 tan 4 
a 1  tan 2  / 2
= = tan 2tan (2 –4) = –tan22
b  c 1  tan 2  / 2
Hence proved.
a a
+ tan2/2= 1 – tan2/2
bc bc
cot   tan 
2  a  a Q.9 Prove that
tan /2   1 = 1 – 2 sin   cos (90º 3 )  sin 5
bc  bc
= cosec  cosec 4
bcb Sol. Taking L.H.S.
tan2 /2 = ... (i)
a bc
cos 2   sin 2 
 acb sin  cos 
Similarly tan2 = ... (ii) =
2 a bc 2 sin   sin 3  sin 5

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 18
 2 cos 2
= sin 2
2 sin   2 cos 4 sin 
2 cos 2 Sol. O
= r
2 sin 2 sin  (1  cos 4) A ) 18º B
r F
) 54º
cos 2 1 C D
= 2
=
2 sin 2 sin . cos 2 sin  sin 4
E
= cosec  cosec 4
Given AOB = 144º
Q.10 Prove that
COD = 72º
6 6 (3  cos 2 2 ) cos 2 Let radius = r
(cos – sin ) =
4 we want to find EF
Sol. Taking L.H.S. from fig. r sin 54º= OE
cos6 – sin6  = (cos2  – sin2)3 and r sin 18º = OF
– 3 cos2  sin2  (cos2  – sin2)
EF =OE –OF = r(sin 54º – sin 18º)
 a3 –b3 = (a – b)3 + 3ab (a – b)
cos 36º sin 18º cos 18º
3 = 2r
 cos3 2 + sin22 cos 2 cos 18º
4 cos 36º sin 36º
= 2r
cos 2 2 cos 18º
= (4 cos2 2 + 3 sin22)
4 r sin 72º r cos 18º r
= = = Hence proved.
cos 2 2 cos 18º 2 cos 18º 2
= (3 + cos 2)
4
cos u  e
Q.13 If cos  = .
Q.11 Prove the identity, sin 2 (1 + tan 2. tan) + 1  e cos u
1  sin     1 e u
= tan 2 + tan2    Prove that tan =± tan
1  sin  4 2 2 1 e 2
Sol. Taking L.H.S. cos u  e
Sol. Given cos  =
2 1  e cos u
  
 cos  sin  We know that
 sin 2. sin    2 2
sin 2 1  + 2  1  cos 
 cos 2 cos      tan2 =
 cos  sin  2 1  cos 
 2 2
cos u  e
2 1
   1  e cos u
1 tan  tan2 =
tan2 2 2 cos u  e
= (cos2 cos 3 + sin 2 sin ) +  1
cos 1 tan  1  e cos u
 
 2 1  e cos u  cos u  e
=
2 1  e cos u  cos u  e
tan 2     
= cos (2 – ) +  tan    (1  e)  cos u (1  e)
cos    4 2  =
(1  e)  cos u (1  e)
 
= tan 2 + tan2    Hence proved =
(1  e) (1  cos u )
4 2 (1  e) (1  cos u )
Q.12 Two parallel chords of a circle, which are on  1 e u
tan2 = tan2
the same side of the centre, subtend angles of 2 1 e 2
72º and 144º respectively at the centre. Prove  1 e u
tan =± tan
that the perpendicular distance between the 2 1 e 2
chords is half the radius of the circle. Hence proved.

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 19
 tan   tan  cot 16° cot 44° + cot 44° cot 76°
Q.14 If tan  = , show that – cot 76° cot 16°
1  tan . tan 
 cos 16 cos 44   cos 44 cos 76 
sin 2  sin 2 =  1 +   1 –
sin 2 =  sin 16 sin 44   sin 44 sin 76 
1  sin 2. sin 2
 cos 76 cos 16 
tan   tan    1 +3
Sol. tan  =  sin 76 sin 16 
1  tan  tan  cos (44  16) cos (76  44)
= + –
sin  cos   cos  sin  sin (  ) sin 16 sin 44 sin 44 sin 76
= =
cos  cos   sin  sin  cos (  ) cos 60
+3
2 tan  sin 76 sin 16
 sin 2 =
1  tan 2  1  sin76  sin16  sin44
=   3
2 sin (  ) 2  sin16sin44sin76  sin76sin16sin44
cos (  ) 2 sin (  ) cos (  )
= 2
= 1  2 cos 46 sin 30  sin 44 
sin  (  ) cos 2 (  )  sin 2 (  ) =  +3
1 2  sin 16 sin 44 sin 76 
cos 2 (  )
1  cos 46  sin 44 
sin 2  sin 2 =  sin 16 sin 44 sin 76  +3
sin2 = 2  
1  sin 2 (  )  sin 2 (  )
 cos 46° = sin 44° = 0 + 3 = 3
 sin2A – sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A –B)
sin 2  sin 2 Q.17 Calculate without using trigonometric tables
sin2 = (a) [2 cos 40º – cos 20º]/sin20º
1  sin 2 sin 2
 sec 5º cos 40º 
(b) 2 2 sin 10º    2 sin 35º 
sin  n  2 sin 5º 
Q.15 If = (|m| > |n|) then prove that
sin ( 2  ) m 2 cos 40  cos 20
Sol. (a)
tan  sin 20
1
tan  = 1  tan  tan  =
cos 40  cos 40  sin 20
mn mn sin 20
Sol. Taking L.H.S. cos 40  2 sin 30 sin(10)
=
sin  n sin 20
= |n| > |m| cos 40  sin 10 1
sin (2  ) m =  sin 30° =
sin 20 2
Using componendo and dividendo, we have
sin 50  sin 10
sin (2  )  sin  m  n =  cos (/2 – 1) = sin 
= sin 20
sin (2  )  sin  m  n 2 cos 30 sin 20
= = 3
2 cos (  ) sin  m  n sin 20
= =
2 sin (  ) cos  m  n  sin 5 cos 40 
(b) 2 2 sin 10°    2 sin 35
 2 sin 5 
(cos  cos   sin  sin ) sin  m  n
= =
(sin  cos   cos  sin ) cos  m  n = 2 2 [sin 5° + 2 cos 5° cos 40°
– 2 sin 10° sin 35°]
(1  tan  tan ) tan  m  n
= = =2 2 [sin 5° + cos 45° + cos 35°
(tan   tan ) mn – (cos 25° – cos 45°)]
tan  = 2 2 [sin 5° + 2 cos 45° + cos 35° – cos 25°]
1
1  tan  tan  tan  Hence proved.
= = = 2 2 [sin 5° +2 + 2 sin 30° sin (–5°)]
mn mn
1
= 2 2 [sin 5° + 2 – sin 5°]  sin 30° = = 4
2
Q.16 Prove that cot 16º. cot 44º + cot 44º . cot 76º
– cot 76º . cot 16º = 3
Sol. Taking L.H.S.
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 Part-B Passage based objective questions From above equation, clearly x = 1 is the root of
the equation so
Passage # 1 (Q. 18 to 20) (x –1) (x2 – (2 + 2 3 ) x + (3 + 2 3 )) = 0
3 –1 (x –1) (x – 3 ) (x –(2 + 3 )) = 0
In a ABC, if cos A cos B cos C = and
8
x = 1, 3,2+ 3
3 3
sin A sin B sin C = , then  tan A = 1, tan B = 3 , tan C = 2 + 3
8
On the basis of above passage, answer the
following questions : Passage # 2 (Q. 21 to 23)
Consider the cubic equation
Q.18 The value of tan A + tan B + tan C is-
x3 – (1 + cos + sin)x2 + (cossin + cos + sin)x
3 3 3 4 – sin cos  = 0 where x1, x2, x3 are roots.
(A) (B)
3 –1 3 –1 On the basis of above passage, answer the
following questions :
6– 3 3 2
(C) (D)
3 –1 3 –1 Q.21 The value of x12  x 22  x 32 is
Sol. [A] (A) 1 (B) 2cos
We know that (C) 2sin (D) 2
tan (A + B+ C) =
Sol.[D] x3 – (1 + cos  + sin )x2 + (cos  sin  + cos  +
tan A tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C
sin ) x – sin  cos  = 0
1  tan A tan B  tan B tan C – tan C tan A (x – 1)(x2 – (cos  + sin ) x + sin  cos ) = 0
But A + B + C =  (x – 1) (x2 – x cos  – x sin  + sin  cos ) = 0
so tan (A + B + C) = 0 (x – 1) (x – cos ) (x – sin ) = 0
so tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C x1 = 1, x2 = cos , x3 = sin 
sin A sin B sin C 3 3 x12 + x22 + x32
= =
cos A cos B cos C 3 1 = 1 + cos2  + sin2 
2

Q.19 The value of =1+1 [ cos2 + sin2 = 1]

tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A is- =2
(A) 5 – 4 3 (B) 5 + 4 3
Q.22 Number of values of  in [0, 2] for which at
(C) 6 + 3 (D) 6 – 3 least two roots are equal
Sol. [B] (A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
tan A tan B + tan B tan C + tan C tan A Sol.[C] x3 – (1 + cos  + sin )x2 + (cos  sin  + cos  +
sin A sin B sin B sin C sin C sin A sin ) x – sin  cos  = 0
= + +
cos A cos B cos B cos C cos C cos A (x – 1)(x2 – (cos  + sin ) x + sin  cos ) = 0
sin A sin B cosC  cos A sin B sinC sin A cos BsinC (x – 1) (x2 – x cos  – x sin  + sin  cos ) = 0

cos A cos B cos C (x – 1) (x – cos ) (x – sin ) = 0
 cos (A + B + C) x1 = 1, x2 = cos , x3 = sin 
Given cos  = 1 or sin  = 1 or sin  = cos  or
= cos A cos B cos C – cos A sin B sin C – sin A
cos  = sin  = 1
cos B sin C – sin A sin B cos C
If cos  = 1,  = 0º, 360º
cos A cos B cos C  cos (A  B  C)
 sin  = 1,  = 90º
cos A cos B cos C sin  = cos  or tan  = 1
cos (A  B  C)   = 45º, 225º
=1–
cos A cos B cos C cos  = sin  = 1 is Not possible at the same time.
8  5 values of  at which value of two roots are
1+ =1+4 3+4=5+4 3 equal.
3 1
Q.20 The value of tan A, tan B and tan C are- Q.23 Greatest possible difference between two of
(A) 1, 3, 2 (B) 1, 3,2 roots if  [0, 2] is
(C) 1, 2, 3 (D) 1, 3,2+ 3 (A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
Sol. [D]
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Sol.[A] x3 – (1 + cos  + sin )x2 + (cos  sin  + cos  + Q.25 A vertical line is drawn through intersection of
sin ) x – sin  cos  = 0 A3 and A6 intersecting A2 and A5 at R and S
(x – 1)(x2 – (cos  + sin ) x + sin  cos ) = 0 respectively. Then length of RS is-
(x – 1) (x2 – x cos  – x sin  + sin  cos ) = 0 5 –1
(x – 1) (x – cos ) (x – sin ) = 0 (A) 1 (B)
2
x1 = 1, x2 = cos , x3 = sin 
Difference of roots can be 5 1
(C) 2 (D)
= |1 – cos |, |1 – sin |, |sin  – cos | 2
greater difference Sol. [A]
If |1 – cos  | = |1 – (–1)| = 2 Intersection of A3 and A6
|1 – sin  | = 2  tan x = cosec x
|sin  – cos | = (1) 2  (1) 2 = 2  cos2x + cos x – 1 = 0
greatest difference between two roots is 2 5 1 5 1
 cos x =  x = cos–1
2 2
Passage # 3 (Q. 24 to 26)
5 1 5 1
A2  y = cos x  y = cos cos–1 =
The graph of all 6 trigonometric functions are 2 2
   5  1 5  1 
drawn from  0,  . Let the graph y = sinx be R is  cos 1 ,
 2  2 2 

A1; y = cos x be A2; y = tan x be A3; y = cot x
be A4; y = sec x be A5 and y = cosec x be A6  5 1 2 
Similarly S is  cos 1 ,
On the basis of above passage, answer the  2 5  1 

following questions: 2
 5 1 2 
Q.24 A vertical line is drawn through intersection of RS =   =1
 2 5  1 
A2 and A3 intersecting A1 and A6 at P and Q 
respectively. The length of PQ is-
5 –1
Q.26 A horizontal line is drawn through intersection
(A) 1 (B) A5 and A6 to intersect A3 and A4 at C and D
2 respectively. Then length of CD is-
5 1 (A) tan–12 (B) tan–1 2 2
(C) 2 (D)
2 (C) cot–1 2 2 (D) cot–12
Sol. [A]
Sol. [C]
Intersection of A2 and A3
 A5 and A6 intersect at
 cos x = tan x

 sin2x + sin x – 1 = 0 x=
4
5 1 5 1
 sin x =  x = sin–1 Horizontal line is y = 2
2 2
 A1  y = sin x  y = sin A3  y = tan x  x = tan–1 2

 1 5  1  C is (tan–1 2 , 2)
 sin  5 1
 2  2 Similarly D is (cot–1 2 , 2)
 
–1 1
CD = (tan 2  cot 2 )2
 5  1 5  1 
P is  sin 1 ,
 2 2  = | tan–1 2 – cot–1 2 |

= cot–1 2 2
 5 1 2 
similarly Q is  sin 1 ,
 2 5  1 

2
 5 1 2 
PQ =  , =1
 2 5  1 


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CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 23
 EXERCISE # 4
 Old IIT-JEE questions and tan  = tan ( + )
tan   tan 
Q.1 In any ABC, prove that tan  =
1  tan  tan 
A  B C
cot   + cot   + cot   tan  – tan  tan  tan = tan  + tan 
2 2 2 but tan  tan  = 1
A  B C so tan  = tan  + 2 tan 
= cot   cot   cot   [IIT 2000]
2 2 2
Q.4 The maximum value of (cos 1).cos(2) ..........
A B  C
Sol. A + B + C =  + = – (cos n), under the restrictions 0  1.2 ....
2 2 2 2

Taking tan of both side ...n  and (cot 1).(cot 2).(cot 3)......
2
A B  C
tan    = tan    ...(cot n) = 1 is [IIT Scr. 2001]
 2 2  2 2
1 1 1
A B (A) n / 2 (B) n (C) (D) 1
tan  tan 2 2 2n
2 2 = cot C
A B
Sol. [A]
2
1  tan tan cot 1. cot 2................cot n = 1
2 2
cos  cos 2.......cosn = sin 1 sin 2........sin n
  cos21. cos22 .....cos2n = sin2,
1 1 1  1  C
+ =  cot sin22.......sin2n
A A
B  cot cot  B n 2 2 2 2
2 2 (cos 1 ....cos n) = 2 sin , ......,2 sin n
cot cot 2 2 
2 2  = (1 –cos 21) (1 – cos 22)......(1 – cos 2 n)
A  A B  This gives maximum value = 1
cot B + cot = cot cot 1 cot C 1
2 2  2 2  2 So, cos2 1 cos22 ........cos2n =
C C 2n
A B
cot + cot + cot = cot A B
cot cot
2 1
2 2 2 2 2  cos 1 cos 2 ......cos n = n/2
2
Q.2 Let f() = sin (sin  + sin 3) . Then f() Q.5 If  and  are acute angles such that
[IIT Scr.2000] 1 1
(A)  0 only when   0 sin = and cos  = then  +  lies in-
2 3
(B)  0 for all real  [IIT Scr. 2004]
(C)  0 for all real 
     2 
(D)  0 only when  0 (A)  ,  (B)  , 
 3 2  2 3 
Sol. [C]
f() = sin  (sin  + sin 3)  2 5   
(C)  ,  (D)  , 
= 2 sin sin 2 cos = sin22  3 6  6 
which is positive for all real . Sol. [B]
 1 1
Q.3 If  +  = and  +  = , then tan  equals- Given sin  = and cos  =
2 2 3
[IIT Scr. 2001]  1 1 1
= and 0 < cos  < 0< <
(A) 2(tan  + tan ) (B) tan  + tan  6 2 3 2
(C) tan  + 2 tan  (D) 2 tan  + tan   1
= and cos–1 (0) >  > cos–1
Sol. [C] 6 2
Given that  + = /2 and  + =   cos x is decreasing in (0, /2)
so tan ( + ) = tan /2     2
tan   tan  1 = and < < = < ( + ) <
= 6 3 2 2 3
1  tan  tan  0
tan  tan  = 1 ... (i)
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   2  (sin x) 8 (cos x) 8 1
( + )   ,  + =
2 3  8 27 125
1
Q.6 cos () = , cos () =1 find no. of 
e Q.8 For 0 <  < , the solution (s) of
ordered pair of (, ),   2
6
[IIT Scr. 2005]  (m – 1)    m 
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4  cos ec   
m 1
4
 cos ec   
 
4 2
4 
Sol. [D] is (are) : [IIT -2009]
Since cos ( – ) = 1
   5
 –  = 2n   –2 <  – < 2 (A) (B) (C) (D)
  –  –  = 0
4 6 12 12
Sol. [C, D]
1
Thus cos ( + ) =  m   (m  1) 
e sin   
6     
1   4   4 
1
cos 2 = < 1 which is true for four values of . 
sin( / 4) m 1 sin    ( m  1)   sin    m 
e    
 4   4 
6
sin 4 x cos 4 x 1 1   (m  1)    m 
Q.7 If
2
+
3
=
5
then [IIT -2009]
sin( / 4)
 cot    4 
  cot   


4 
m1
2 1    
(A) tan2 x =  cot   cot     +
3 sin  / 4   4 
sin 8 x cos 8 x 1     2 
(B) + =
8 27 125 cot      cot     +……….+
  4   4 
1
(C) tan2 x =   5   6  
3 cot      cot    
  4   4 
sin 8 x cos 8 x 2
(D) + = 1   3 
8 27 125 = cot   cot     = 4 2
sin  / 4
  2 
Sol. [A, B]
cot  + tan  = 4
(sin x ) 4 (cos x) 4 1
+ = sin 2   cos 2 
2 3 5 =4
6 sin  cos 
3 – 6 cos2 x + 5(cos x)4 = Let cos x = t 1  5
5 sin 2 =  = ,
25t4 – 30t2 + 9 = 0 2 12 12
3
t2 = , Q.9 The maximum value of the expression
5 1
is [IIT -2010]
sin   3 sin  cos   5 cos 2 
2

1
5 Sol.
2 sin 2   cos 2   4 cos 2   3 sin  cos 
x 1
=
1  3 sin  cos   4 cos 2 
3 1
4 =
2 2 16 1  2(1  cos 2)  sin  cos   sin 2
tan2 x = (sin x)8 =   =
3 5 625 1
=
4 3  2 cos 2  sin 2  sin  cos 
 3
(cos x)8 =   = 81 2
 5 625 =
  6  4 cos 2  2 sin 2  2 sin  cos 

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 2 3 5
= <<
6  4 cos 2  3 sin 2 2 3
maximum value of 4 cos 2 + 3 sin 2
.....(2)
= (4) 2  (3) 2 = 5
from (1) & (2)
minimum value of 4 cos 2 + 3 sin 2 = –5
2 2  3 5 
for question max. value = = =2   , 
65 1  2 3 
 .....(3)
Q.10 Let ,  [0, 2] be such that
     
2 cos (1 – sin ) = sin2  tan  cot  cos  –1, Now, 2 cos  (1 – sin ) = sin2  tan  cot 
2 2  2 2

cos  – 1
3
tan(2 – ) > 0 and–1 < sin  < – . Then  1
2  cos  + = sin( + )
2
cannot satisfy [IIT -2012] ....(4)
  4
(A) 0 < < (B) <  <  3 5 
2 2 3 Now,    ,  from (3)
 2 3 
4 3 3
(C) << (D) <  < 2  1
3 2 2 so cos    0, 
Sol.[A, C, D]  2
tan (2 – ) > 0 1 
sin( + )   , 1
2 
 3
 0 < 2 –  < or  < 2 – < Now, check option
2 2 
(A) if 0 <  <
3  2
 <  < 2 or << ....
2 2  3 11  1 
then  +    ,  & sin( + )   , 1
(1)  2 6  2 
Similarly check option B, C, D.
3
Also –1 < sin  < –
2

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 26
 EXERCISE # 5
Q.1 Prove that  4 4 
2

tan  + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 = cot   2 sin cos 

= 14 14 
[IIT 1988]   
 8 cos 
Sol. Taking L.H.S.  14 
tan  + 2 tan 2 + 4 tan 4 + 8 cot 8 2
2    
We know that  8 
 sin   sin   
tan  + 2 cot 2 = cot 
= 14  =   2 14  
= tan  + 2 tan 2 + 4 (tan 4 + 2 cot 8)  8 cos     
= tan  + 2(tan 2  + 2 cot 4)    8 cos 
 14   14 
= tan  + 2 cot 2 = cot 
R.H.S. Hence proved. 2
  
 cos  1
= 14  =
Q.2 Find the value of
 8 cos   64
 
 3 5 7 9 11 13  14 
sin sin sin sin sin sin sin .
14 14 14 14 14 14 14
[IIT 1991] Q.3 Let A, B, C be three angles such that A = /4
Sol. [A] and tan B tan C = p. Find all possible values of
p such that A, B, C are the angles of a triangle.
7 
 sin = sin =1 [IIT 1997]
14 2

Sol. Given A = and tan B tan C = P
9  5  5 4
and sin = sin     = sin
14  14  14 We know A + B + C = 
3
B+C= = tan B tan C = P
11  3  3 4
and sin = sin     = sin
14  14  14  3 
 tan B tan   B  = P
 4 
13   
and sin = sin     = sin   1  tan B  3
14  14  14 tan B    tan = –1
 1  tan B  4
so given expression, we can write  tan2  + (1 –P) tan  + P = 0 D0
2 (1 – P)2 – 4P  0  P2 – 6P + 1  0
  3 5 
=  sin sin sin  roots are  = 3 – 2 =3+2 2
 14 14 14 
(P – ) (P – )  0 P  or P 
2
    4     2   So P  (–, 3 – 2 ]  [3 + 2 2 , )
=  sin sin     sin    
 14  2 14   2 14  
Q.4 Prove that a triangle ABC is equilateral if and
2
  4 2  only if tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3 .[IIT 1998]
=  sin cos cos 
 14 14 14  Sol. If the triangle is equilateral, then A = B = C = 60°
2  tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 tan 60° = 3 3
   2 4 
 2 cos sin cos cos  conversely assume that
= 14 14 14 14 
   tan A + tan B + tan C = 3 3
 2 cos 
 14  But in ABC, A + B + C = 
2 A + B = – C
 2 2 4 
 2 sin cos cos  tan A  tan B
= 14 14 14  Taking tan of both side = – tan C
 1  tan A tan B
 4 cos 
   tan A + tan B + tan C = tan A tan B tan C
 14 
CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 27
 2/3
 tan A tan B tan C = 3 3 2
 sin2/3 + cos2/3 =  
None of the tan A, tan B, tan C can be negative so m
ABC cannot be obtuse angle triangle.
 y  x
Also A.M.  G.M. Q.6 If tan    = tan3    . Prove that
tan A  tan B  tan C  4 2 4 2
 [tan A tan B tan C]1/3
3  3  sin 2 x 
sin y = sin x  2 
.
3  3 not possible 1  3 sin x 
So equality hold only when A = B = C or when Sol. We know that
triangle is equilateral.
  1  tan  cos   sin 
tan     = =
m2 1  4  1  tan  cos   sin 
Q.5 If cos2  = & tan3 = tan 
3 2   1  sin 2
 tan2     =
2 /3
2 4  1  sin 2
Prove that cos2/3  + sin2/3  =   .
m  y  x
2
Given tan    = tan3   
m 1  4 2 4 2
Sol. cos2 = and tan3 = tan
3 2
1  sin y (1  sin x )3
  =
 tan3 = tan 1  sin y (1  sin x )3
2
 using componendo and dividendo, we get
 tan = tan1/3
2 2 sin y 2(3 sin x  sin 3 x )
=
 2 2(1  3 sin 2 x
 tan2 = tan2/3
2
sin x (3  sin 2 x )
m2 1 sin y = Hence proved.
1 (1  3 sin 2 x)
 1  cos  3
 tan2/3 = tan2 = 
2 1  cos  2
m 1
1 Q.7 If A + B + C = 2S, then prove that,
3
sin (S – A) + sin (S – B) + sin (S – C)
sin 2 / 3  3  m2 1 A B C
  – sin S = 4 sin   sin   sin   .
cos 2 / 3  3  m 1 2
2 2 2
sin 2 / 3  cos 2 / 3  Sol. Given A + B + C = 2S
  Taking L.H.S.
3  m2 1 3  m2 1
sin (S –A) + sin (S – B) + sin (S – C) – sin S
a b using C & D formula
 = (Let)
p q  2s  (A  B)  BA
= 2 sin   cos
Now apply roles of ratio proportion  2  2
1/ 3
a b a  b  a 3  b 3   2S  C  C
   + 2 cos   sin  
p q p  q  p3  q 3   2   2 
C BA AB C
p + q = 2 3 , p3 + q3 = 6 3m 2  2 sin cos – 2 cos sin
2 2 2 2
a3 + b3 = sin2 + cos2 = 1 C  BA AB
a + b = sin2/3 + cos2/3 = 2 sin  cos  cos 
2  2 2 
1/ 3 1/ 3 2/3
 1   24 3  2 C  B A
= 2 3  2
  2
  = 2 sin  2 sin sin 
 6 3m   6 3m  3 2  2 2

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 28
 A B C 
= 4 sin sin sin Hence proved. Q.9 Show that tan = 4  2 2 – ( 2 + 1).
2 2 2 16
 1
Sol. = 11 º
Q.8 If  = 2. 16 4
Prove that cos  + cos  + cos  + cos  1 cos 45º 1
tan 22½º = = 2 –1= ...(i)
     sin 45º 2 1
+ 4 cos   cos   cos   = 0.
 2   2   2  1
Let A = 11 º, 2A = 22½º
Sol. Given  +  +  +  = 2 4
Taking L.H.S., we have 2 tan A
tan 2A =
 
cos  + cos  + cos  + cos  + 4 cos  1  tan 2 A
 cos
 2  from (i),
  1 2t
  cos   = Let tan A = t
 2   2  2 1 1 t2
Using Componendo & Dividendo formula 1 – t2 = 2 2 t + 2t
    
2 cos cos + 2 cos cos + t2 + 2( 2 + 1) t – 1 = 0
2 2 2 2
1
     t = tan 11 º +ve = 0
4 cos   cos   cos   4
 2   2   2 
 +  = 2 – ( + )  2( 2  1)  2 3  2 2  1
so t =
     2
so cos = cos     = – cos  
2  2   2  
tan = 4  2 2 – ( 2 + 1) Hence proved.
              16
= 2 cos   cos    cos   + 4
 2    2   2 
Q.10 If A + B + C = 2 , prove that
cos      cos      cos      =2cos 
  A B
 2   2   2   2  sin3A + sin3B + sin3C = 3sin   sin  
2 2
      (  )  (   )  (  ) 
2 cos   sin + 4 C  3A   3B   3C 
  4  4  sin   – sin   . sin   sin   .
2  2   2   2 
   
cos   cos   cos   Sol. Given A + B + C = 2
 2   2   2 
Taking L.H.S. we have sin3A + sin3B + sin3C
  + = 2 – ( + ) and  +  = 2 – ( + )
1
 sin3x = (3sinx – sin3x)
    (  ) 4
so, sin
4 1
So  [3(sin A + sin B + sin C) –
2(   )  2    4
= sin = – sin   
4 2 2  (sin3A + sin 3B + sin 3C)]
     (   ) 1   AB AB 
= – cos and sin  3 2 sin cos  sin ( 2  ( A  B)
2 4 4   2 2 

 2  2(  )    3A  3B 3A  3B 
= sin   = cos   –  2 sin cos  sin(6  (3A  3B))
 4   2   2 2 
  1   AB AB AB A  B
Then  2 cos    32 sin cos  2 sin cos 
 2  4   2 2 2 2 

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 29
  3A 3B 3A 3B 3A 3B 3A 3B 3
– 2sin cos  2sin cos   cos A + cos B + cos C 
 2 2 2 2  2

1  A  B AB A  B Q.13 If A , B & C are angles of a triangle then prove

=
4 6 sin 2 cos 2  cos 2 
   A B C
that tan2   + tan2   + tan2   1.
2 2 2
3A  3B  3A  3B 3A  3B 
– 2 sin cos  cos 
2  2 2  Sol. In a ABC
A+B+C= 
1  C A B 3C A B C 
=
2 3 sin 2 : 2 sin 2 sin 2  sin 2    
 2 2 2 2
A B C 
 3A 3B   tan     = tan
 2 sin sin   2 2 2 2
 2 2  on solving, we get
A B C 3A 3B 3C A B
= 3 sin sin sin – sin sin sin tan tan = 1 .....(1)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Now we know
Hence proved. (x – y)2 + (y – z)2 + (z – x)2  0
 x2 + y2 + z2  xy + yz + zx
Q.11 Prove that (4 cos2 9° – 3)(4 cos2 27°– 3) = tan 9°. so
LHS = (4 cos29º – 3) (4 cos2 27º – 3) A B C A B
tan2 + tan2 + tan2  tan tan
cos 27º cos 81º 2 2 2 2 2
= × [use cos 3 = 4 cos3 – 3 .....(2)
cos 9º cos 27º
from (1) & (2)
cos ]
A
cos 81º sin 9º  tan2 1
= = = tan 9º 2
cos 9º cos 9º

3 tan 2 n 
Q.12 In ABC, prove that cos A + cos B + cos C  . Q.14 Prove that = ( 1 + sec2). (1 + sec22)
2 tan 
Sol. In a ABC (1 + sec23) …….. (1 + sec2n).
A+B+C=
Sol. RHS
3 AB (1 + sec 2) (1 + sec22) (1 + sec23) ..... (1 +
 cos A + cos B + cos C – = 2cos  
2  2  sec2n)
AB 3 C =
cos   – + 1 – 2 sin2 n
 2  2 2  1  cos 2  1  cos 4  1  cos 8   1  cos 2  
   ....
C C AB 1  cos 2  cos 4  cos 8   cos 2   n
= –2 sin2 + 2 sin cos   –
2 2  2  2
 C C  A  B  1 2 cos 2 .2 cos 2 2 . 2 cos 2 4.......2 cos 2 2 n 1 
= –2 sin 2  sin cos   – =
2 2  2  2 cos 2 . cos 4 . cos 8.....cos 2 n 

2 =
  A  B  AB
 cos  cos 2   cos (2 cos )(2 cos 2)(2 cos 4).....(2 cos 2 n 1 )
C  2   2 1 cos 2 n 
= –2 sin  +
 2 2  2 2 =
 
  cos (2 sin  cos ) (2 cos 2) (2 cos 4)......(2 cos 2 n 1 )
2
  A  B  AB sin  . cos 2 n 
 cos  sin 2  
C  2   2  0
= – 2 sin  –
 2 2  2
 
 

CAREER POINT, CP Tower, Road No.1, IPIA, Kota (Raj.), Ph: 0744-3040000 TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO 30
 = sin x 2 sin x cos x sin 2x
Sol. = = =
cos  . sin 2(2 cos 2) (2 cos 4)......(2 cos 2 n 1 ) cos 3x 2 cos x cos 3x 2 cos x . cos 3x
sin  . cos 2 n  sin(3x  x ) 1
= [tan 3x – tan x]
n 1 2 cos x cos 3x 2
cos  . sin 4 (2 cos 4)......(2 cos 2 )
= n similarly
sin  . cos 2 
sin 3x tan 9x  tan 3x
    =
cos 9x 2
    sin 9 x tan 27x  tan 9x
=
n 1 n 1 cos 27 x 2
cos  (2 sin 2  cos 2 )
= n Add. All
sin  . cos 2 
sin 2 n 
= cot  = cot  . tan 2n 
cos 2 n 

Q.15 Show that

1 sin x sin 3x sin 9x
[tan27x – tanx] = + + .
2 cos 3x cos 9x cos 27 x

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 ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # 1
Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. D B C D A B D C C C B C B B C
Q.No. 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Ans. C B A A B B A B
24. True 25. False
2bc c2  a2 2ac c2  b2
26. (i) 2 2
, (ii) 2 2
, (iii) 2 2
(iv) 2 2
, (v) sin2A x2 – 2x + sin2A = 0
a b a b a b a b
EXERCISE # 2
PART-A
Q.No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Ans. C C C C C B A A A A B D C D B
Q.No. 16 17 18 19 20 21
Ans. C B B A C B
PART-B
Q.No. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Ans. A,B,D A A,C,D A,B A,B,C,D A,C A,B,C C,D

PART-C
Q.No. 30 31
Ans. B D

PART-D
32. A  Q, B S, C  R, D P 33.AQ, BS, C  P, D  R
PART-E
2ac 4
34. 2 2
35.
a –c 3

EXERCISE # 3
17. (a) 3 (b) 4 18. (A) 19. (B) 20. (D) 21. (D)
22. (C) 23. (A) 24. (A) 25. (A) 26. (C)

EXERCISE # 4
2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A, B
8. C, D 9. 2 10. A, C, D

EXERCISE # 5
1
2. 3. (– , 0)  [( 2 + 1)2 ,  )
64
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