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LOGARITHMS - Final (01-07) PDF

1. The document discusses logarithms including definitions, properties, and examples. 2. Key properties include logarithm rules like log(ab) = log(a) + log(b), change of base formulas, and relationships between logarithms and exponents. 3. Examples include solving logarithmic equations, analyzing graphs of logarithmic functions, and applying logarithmic properties to trigonometric and other functions.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3K views7 pages

LOGARITHMS - Final (01-07) PDF

1. The document discusses logarithms including definitions, properties, and examples. 2. Key properties include logarithm rules like log(ab) = log(a) + log(b), change of base formulas, and relationships between logarithms and exponents. 3. Examples include solving logarithmic equations, analyzing graphs of logarithmic functions, and applying logarithmic properties to trigonometric and other functions.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I

LOGARITHMS
SYNOPSIS POINT

1. If N, a   1 being any two positive real numbers 1,0 


and for some real x such that a  N then x is x
0 log aN
said to be logarithm of N to the base ‘a’. This
can be written as log aN = x 12. If a,b,c are three positive real numbers which
are in G.P then their logarithms to the same base
log x
ab 
2.  log ax  log bx  a, b  0  are in A.P. that is log ax ,log bx ,log cx are in A.P
a
3. log
b
 
 log ax  logbx  a, b  0  13. Graph of function y  f  x   log ax here D =
x

R  0 this graph is symmetrical about y- axis


4. a m

log x  m log ax  a  0 For a  1 graph is


1
logxn   log ax
a
5.  a  0 y
n
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a m
m a
6. log xn  log x  a  0  1,0  1,0
n x
0
7. log aa  log xx  1 (here the number and base are
equal except 1)
8. Log 1 to any base is always 0. log1x  0 where
For 0  a  1 graph is
 x  0, x  1 y
a a y
9. log  log  log (change of base formula)
x y x

1 1,0 
10. log ab   1,0  x
log ba 0

11. If a >1 then log aN is an increasing function. that


is if N   then log aN  

14. ORDER RELATIONS:


If a  1 log ax  log ay  x  y
If 0  a  1 log ax  log ay  x  y
log aN
If logba  0  either a  1, b  1 or  a  1, b  1
0 1,0  If logba  0  either a  1, b  1 or  a  1, b  1
 1 x 
N
If 0  a  1 then log is decreasing function. That 15. If f  x   log   then for a, b   1,1
a 1 x 
is as N   then log aN    ab 
f   f  a   f b
 1  ab 
Narayana Junior Colleges 1
JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I LOGARITHMS

x2 x3 x 4 x5 1 1
16. log 1  x   x      ............. (C) a  (D) a 
2 3 4 5 16 4
1  x  1 9. If log 3  x 3  x 2  x  1  log 3  x  1
 log3  x  1  2 then the value of x
 x2 x3 x 4 x5 
17. log 1  x     x      .............  (A) 1 (B) -1 (C) 10 (D) 5
 2 3 4 5  3
10. If log10  0.4771 then the number of digits in
1  x  1
340 is
1 x   x3 x5 
18. log    2  x    ............. x 1 (A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 20 (D) 21
 1 x   3 5 
11. In triangle ABC log cos A
0.1  1
then A be longest

LEVEL-IV   1   1 
1    1 
(A)  2 , cos  10   (B)  cos  10  , 2 
      
  
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS (C) R (D)  ,0 
 2 
1. If log 3a  2,log8b  3 then logba 12. If x  1, y  1, z  1 are three numbers in G.P
(A) log32 (B) log32 (C) log34 (D) log34 1 1 1
then 1  ln x , 1  ln y , 1  ln z are in
2. If a, b, c are distinct positive number different
(A) A.P (B) H.P (C) G.P (D) AGP
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from 1 such that   logb .log c  log a   0 then


a a a
a
13. The least value of 2log100  log 0.0001
a , a  1 is
abc = (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 1
(A) 0 (B) e (C) 1 (D) e 2 14. The sum of the series
3. The value of log 24  log 82  log162 ................. is 1 1 1 1
   ......................... 
(A) e 2 (B) ln 2  1 (C) ln 2  1 (D) 1  ln 2 4 4
log 2 log 4 log84
log 42n is
4. If 2log ax  log ax
a
 3log aa x  0 then x =
2
n  n  1 n  n  1 2n  1
1 2 4 3 (A) (B)
(A) a 3 (B) a 3 (C) a 3 (D) a 4
2 12
 x 7 1 n  n  1
2  
5. If log ,log 3  2  5  ,log
2 x  are in A.P then
2 (C) n  n  1 (D)
3 3 4
the value of x 15. The solution to the equation
(A) 1,4 (B) 2,3 (C) 5,6 (D) 5,7
1
6.  x  2  x  2
If log 0.1  log 0.01 then the range of x log x  1  log  2 x  15   1
2
(A) 2  x  3 (B) 4  x  6
3 23 15
(C) 3  x  5 (D) 0.01  x  0.1 (A) (B) (C) 5 (D)
3 2 2 2
7. The value of log 20 lies in
16. The solution set of log 2 4  5 x  2 is
1 1 1 1
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  8   4 8
 4 3 3 2
(A)  ,   (B)  , 
 1 3  3 4 5  5 5
(C)  ,  (D)  , 
 2 4  4 5 8   8
(C)  ,0    ,   (D)  0, 
8. If the roots of the equation x2  4 x  log a2  0 5  5   
are real then 17. If x  2 , then the value of
1 1 x 2

(A) a  (B) a  log 4    2log 4  4 x  is
4
2 8
 4 
2 Narayana Junior Colleges
LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I
(A) 2 (B) -4 (C) -6 (D) 8  1   1 
3
x (C)  3  (D)  3 , 3 
18. If log 2 x  log 2  4  0, then x is equal to  9,1   9 
16
1 26. A solution of the inequality log 0.2  x 2  4   1
(A) 4 (B) -4 (C) (D) 2 satisfies
4
x  x (A) 1  x  2 (B) 2  x  3
19. The sum of series log cos    log  cos 2 
 2  2  (C) 3  x  4 (D) 1  x  3
 x  x   x 
 log  cos 3  ..........  log  cos n   log  sin n   27. If f  x   log10  3x 2  4 x  5 , then
 2  2   2 
(A) Domain of f is R
is equal to
  11  
 1   1  (B) Range of f is  log10  3  ,  
(A)  n  sin x (B) log  n sin x     
2   2 
1 1 (C) f is defined in  0,  
(C) n cos x (D) log sin x  n
2 2   11  
20. The number of pairs  x, y  satisfying the (D) range of f is  , log10  3 
  
equations log xy  log xy  2 and x 2  20  y is
(A) Infinite (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 1
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
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28. Column-I
log x log y log z 3 x 2 5
21. If   , then which of the I. x 4  log 
3  log3x
4
 3
b c c  a a b
following are true?
(A) xyz  1 (B) xa y b z c  1
II. log 3 sin x  2 
2 cos x  2, 2  x  2

(C) xb c y c  a z a b  1 (D) xyz  xa y b z c x2


III. log 0.2 1
2 x
22. If x log x  6 log x 11  64 then x is equal to
2 2

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16 IV. log 2  x  5   6  x


23. The solution set to the inequality Column-II
A. number of solutions = 2
log 2 x 3 x 2  1 contains
B. number of solutions = 3
 3  C. number of solutions = 1
(A)  0,1 (B)  , 1
 2  D. infinite number of solutions
(C)  1,0  (D)  0,3 29. Column-I
24. If log x  6 x  1  log x  2 x  , then x belongs to I. f  x   log10 x 2
 x 1
1 1 1  II. f  x   2log 2
 x5
(A)  ,  (B)  ,  
6 4  6  III. f  x   2  log 2 4  5 x
1 
(D)  ,   IV. f  x   log 1  x  6 x  12 
2
(C) 1, 
8  2
25. A solution of the system of equations Column-II
x x  y  y x  y and x.y  1
8 
A. f  x   0 for  ,0    ,  
(A) 1,1 
(B) 1, 3 3
 5 
B. Domain f  x  is x  1 or x  1

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JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I LOGARITHMS

C. f  x   0x   4,  
1
D. Domain of f  x  is R Statement II: log b a  m log ab
m
30. Column-I
INTEGER QUESTIONS
I. log 1  x  3  0, then x can be
2

II. log 2 x , then x can be 1 






log 2
 

4 
 
 

III. log 2 x  log x 2  2, then x can be 1 
 1 
34. 5 5  log  3  7   log 
 

1 
 1
2  2  10  2 21 
IV. log 1  2 log 2 x   0 , then x can be 2
2   9 3
  81 1/ log 5  3 3 / log 6  2 / log 725 
Column-II log 625

A. x  10 35. 
 409

 
 7  125  

 
3 36. The value of x satisfying the equation
B. x 
2 62 x  4   33 x  2 x  8  is
3 37. The number of solutions of the equation
C. x   10 x 2 1
2 x2  x2
3x
is
1
D. x 
KEY - LEVEL-IV
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ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS

Statement I and II are given in each of the 1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C
questions in this section. Your answer should 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C
be as per the following pattern: 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B
(A) If both statement I and II are correct 13.C 14.D 15.C 16.C
and II is a correct reason for I 17.C 18. A 19.B 20.D
(B) If both statement I and II are correct ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER
and II ia not a correct reason for I 21.A,B,C,D 22.A,B,C
(C) If statement I is correct and statement 23.B,C,D 24.A,B
II is false 25.A,C 26.B,D
(D) If statement I is false and II is correct. 27.A,B,C
31. Statement I: If a  x 2 , b  y 2 and c  z 2 MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
28.I-B, II-A, III-D, IV-C
where x, y, z are non-unit positive reals, then
29. I-B, II-C, III-A, IV-AD

8 log ax
3

 log  log   27
y3
b
z3
c 30. I-A, II-ABC III-D IV-BC
ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
Statement II: If logba .logba 1 , then x = 3 31.C 32. D 33.B
32.
2
Statement I: If x log 1 x   9 then x = 3
x INTEGER QUESTIONS
x
34.6 35.1 36.4 37.2
Statement II: a log  x where 0  a  1 wheree
a

x>0
33. Statement I: The equation
 5 x 
2

 
log 2  x 1  log3 x2 15  x has no solution.

4 Narayana Junior Colleges


LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I

HINTS - LEVEL-IV 5. Ans: B


Use 2b  a  c we get
SINGLE ANSWER QUESTIONS
 7
2log3  2 x  5   log 32  log 3  2 x  
1. Ans: C  2
1
2  7
log 3a  2  3  a 2  a  3 2   2 x  5  2  2 x   put 2 x  t
 2
log8b  3  8  b2  a  2
logba  log 21  log34  7
2
32  t  5 2t  
2. Ans: C  2
2
t  10t  25  2t  7
 log a log a log a  t 2  12t  32  0
  log b . log c  log a   0
   t  4  t  8  0
3 t  4 or 8
  log a   log a.log b.log c   0

3 3 3
  log a    log b    log c   3log a.log b.loc  0 If t  4 2 x  4  x  2
 log a  log b  log c  0 If t  8 2 x  8  x  3
 log abc  log1 6. Ans: A
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 abc  1
2log0.1
x  2
 log0.1
x  2
3. Ans: D
2
log 24  log 82  log16
2
.........  x  2   x  2
1 1 1   x  2   x  2  1  0
 log 22  log 22  log 22 ..................
2 3 4  x  2  x  3  0
1 1 1 2 x3
   ........................
2 3 4 7. Ans: B
 1 1 1  We know that 32  20  33
 1  1    ............
 2 3 4 
 1  ln 2 2log33  log 20 3
3  3log 3

 1 1 1   2  log 320  3
 ln 2  1  2  3  4  ........... 1 1
 log 320 
4. Ans: C 2 3
Put log ax  P 8. Ans: C
2 1 3 2 G.E x2  4 x  log a2  0
G.E p  1  p  2  p  0  6 p  11 p  4  0
All roots are real b  0
1 4
p . 16  4log a2  0
2 3
1
4  log a2  0
1 1
If p   log ax   xa 2
log a2  4
2 2
1
1 4
4 a  24  a 
If p   log ax   x  a 3 16
3 3
Narayana Junior Colleges 5
JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I LOGARITHMS
9. Ans: C 4  5x  4  5x  4  4
G.E  either 5 x  4  4 or 5 x  4  4
log 3  x  1  x  1  log 3  x  1  log 3  x  1  2
2
8
 either x  0 or x 
5
  x  1  x 2  1 
log 3  2 17. Ans: C
  x  1 x  1  By substuting x = -2, the given expression value
becomes -6
log 3  x  1  2  x  10 18. Ans: A
10. Ans: C By verification x = 4 satisfies given equation
Let y  340 19. Ans: B
Given expression is
log10y  40log10
3
 40  0.4771  4  4.771  19.084
x x
Here cha=19  number of digits = 20 log cos  log cos 2  ..........
11. Ans: B 2 2
Given inequality x x
 log cos n  log sin n  log 2n  log 2n
1 2 2
log 0.1 cos A  1  cos A  \
10 by adding and subtractiong log 2n
( logarithemic function is decreasing)
log sin x  log 2n
1
A  cos 1  sin x 
10  log  n 
12. Ans: B  2 
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As x,y,z are in GP  lnx, lny, lnz are in AP 20. Ans: D


 1+lnx. 1+lny, 1+lnz are in AP log xy  log xy  2  x  y
1 1 1 x, y  1
, ,
1  ln x 1  ln y 1  ln z are in HP substute the value y= x in the equation
13. Ans: C
x 2  20  y
2
 1 
  2log100  log a   4  x 2  x  20  0
a a 100
2log100  log a 
 100 
14. Ans: D
 x  5  x  4   0
From given expression we get  x  5  x  4 
n y 5
log 24  log 44  log84  ...................  log 42
existing number of pairs.
log 22  21  22..............2n 
1  2  3  ....................n n  n  1 ONE OR MORE THAN ONE ANSWER

2

4
log 2
2  1

15. Ans: C 21. Ans: A,B,C,D


Given equation is possible when log x log y log z
x  1  0,2 x  15  0  
b c c a a b
on simplification given equation becomes log x  k  b  c 
 x  1 2 x  15  10 log y  k  c  a 
23 log z  k  a  b 
Which gives x = 5, x  possible solution is
2
x=5 let
16. Ans : C T  xyz
From the given inequality we get log T  log x  log y  log z

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LOGARITHMS JEE ADVANCED - VOL - I
substuting the above values we get T=1 26. Ans: B,D
 xyz  1
Given inequality log 0.2  x 2  4   1
similarly we can prove
xa , y b , c z  1 again x 2  4  0  x  2.........(2)
xbc y c  a z ab  1 1
a b c
 x 2  4   0.2 
xyz  x y z
22. Ans: A,B,C  x2  4  5
By verification we get  x2  9  0
23. Ans: B,C,D
2  x   3,3  x  3..............(1)
log 2x x 3  1
x 2  0  x   ,0    0,   ........(1) From (1) and (2) we get options B and D
2 x  3  1  x  1........................(2)
27. Ans: A,B,C
case: A: If 0  2 x  3  1 Given f  x   log10  3x 2  4 x  5 , here f  x  is
3 defined 3 x 2  4 x  5  0
i.e  x  1
2
then Which is true for every
2
log 2x x  3  1  x 2  2 x  3 or
MATRIX MATCHING QUESTIONS
x 2  2 x  3  0i.e  x  3 x  1  0
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 x   , 1   3,  
28. Ans: I-(B); II-(A); III-(D); IV-(C)
from (1) and (2) (3) (4) conceptual
 3  29. Ans: I-(B); II-(C); III-(A); IV-(A,D)
x   , 1
 2  conceptual
Case B: If 2 x  3  1
30. Ans: I-(A); II-(A,B,C); III-(D); IV-(B,C)
 x  1.......................(5)
2
conceptual
log 2x x  3  1  x 2  2 x  3 or
x 2  2 x  3  0 or  x  3 x  1  0 ASSERTION-REASONING QUESTIONS
 x   1,3
From (1),(2),(5) and (6) 31. Ans: C
x   1,0    0,3 conceptual
 3  32. Ans: D
Hence x    ,  1     1, 0    0, 3 
 2  conceptual
24. Ans: A,C
33. Ans: B
Discuss the cases 0  x  1 , x > 1 and removing
logarithems using definition. We get options A conceptual
and C
25. Ans: A,D INTEGER QUESTIONS
Given equations
34. Ans: 6
x x  y  y x  y ....................(1)
35. Ans: 1
1
x.y  1  y  ........(2) 36. Ans: 4
x
37. Ans: 2
solving (1) and (2) we get options A and D
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