Transmission & Distribution – SMART GRIDS ASIA 2013
Migration Paths for IEC 61850 Substation
Communication Networks Towards Superb Redundancy
Based on Hybrid PRP and HSR Topologies
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Table of Contents
• RSTP Network 3
• IEC 62439 5
• HSR Network Architecture 7
• Possible Migration Paths
Towards IEC62439
Redundancy 9
• Conclusion 17
• Contact 18
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Background on Network Redundancy
• RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree) - the most widely deployed redundancy protocol
in substation networks
• Eliminates loops introduced by media redundancy
• Loops result in broadcast storm flooding the network
• Automatically determines the best fit tree that spans the entire physical LAN
• Recovery times: in optimized implementations 5ms per hop
• Topology size limited to maximum 40 hops
• Worst case for link failure 200ms
• Root bridge failure - worst case scenario up to several seconds
• Recovery time can be deterministic in ring topology, non deterministic in
mesh topology
RSTP network automatically recovers from the fault, however there is
a certain time when there is no communications
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The Need for High Availability Ethernet Network
• Zero-time recovery upon network failure
• Deterministic network behaviour
• Ideal for the most critical applications
• Network nodes have two interfaces, port A and port B
• Sending node sends a frame always in both directions
• Receiving node processes the frame that arrives first and
discards duplicates
• Each node has the same MAC and IP address on both ports
• Redundancy protocol takes care of duplicate frames
• Transparent to application, devices not aware of underlying
redundancy
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IEC 62439 Standard
• First documents ratified in May 2008
• Describes several high redundancy protocols with different characteristics:
MRP, PRP, CRP, BRP, DRP, RSTP
• Latest official version is Ed. 1.0 IEC 62439 dated 2010
• Amendment for IEC 62439-3 expected in mid 2012
• PRP and HSR had been chosen by IEC 61850 TC57 WG10 for IEC 61850
Edition 2.0 for utility networks
• Referenced in IEC 61850-90-4, IEC 61850-9-2 ed 2.0, IEC 61850-8-1 ed 2.0
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PRP Network Architecture
• Two Parallel Communications
Networks
• Simultaneous data transmission
• Non-PRP nodes can be connected
either via Redundancy box (RedBox)
or directly to any of the two networks
• Ethernet frame augmented while
in LAN
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HSR Network Architecture
• Duplicate frames sent in
opposite directions
• Ethernet frame augmented
while in ring
• Frames are moved through the
HSR network with minimal latency
• Duplicate frames are removed
from network by the receiving node
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How HSR Works After Link Failure
• In case of link failure the frame still
makes it through to the receiving
node from the opposite direction
• No data loss and no delay in case
of network failure
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Possible Migration Paths
Towards IEC62439 Redundancy
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Network Topology Constraints
Criticality of the substation,
dictated by:
• Voltage Level
Secondary systems location,
influenced by:
• Geographical extension and topology
of the substation
• Existence of building structures and
switchyard bay kiosks
Decentralized SAS architecture with
bay kiosks in EHV switchyard
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Existing Network Topology RSTP
Communications Network
in EHV Substation
• IEDs connected via single Ethernet
interface
• RSTP in the station ring and in bay
subrings
• Ethernet bay switches connected via
redundant links to the station ring
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Bays connected as Redundant Stars
Possible Solution using PRP & RSTP
• Station ring split into two separate
RSTP rings
• Native PRP in some IEDs, compact
RedBoxes used to connect non-PRP
IEDs
• Bays connected via two bay switches
in a star fashion to station RSTP rings
A and B
• Ethernet switches need to be PRP-
aware
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Bays connected as Redundant Stars
Possible Solution using PRP & HSR
• RSTP in station rings is replaced by
HSR rings of switches
• The concept of “PRP as a redundant
access to IEDs and HSR as a
redundant backbone ring”
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Bays as HSR rings
Possible Solution using RSTP&HSR
• HSR rings of IEDs in each bay
• Bays interconnected via HSR
QuadBoxes
• Bays connected via two HSR
RedBoxes to station RSTP rings
A and B
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Bays as HSR rings
Possible Solution using PRP & HSR
• PRP as redundant access to IEDs
in star topology
• HSR as redundant protocol of switches
interconnecting bays in a ring fashion
• Two independent HSR inter-bay rings
spanning the switchyard
• Two station HSR rings (can also run
RSTP for simplification)
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Proposed Hybrid PRP / HSR Network
Benefits for AIS EHV Substations
• Zero-time recovery in case of single point of failure
• Zero-millisecond outage upon any link or switch failure
• Duplication of communications networks
• PRP as a redundant access to IEDs, RSTP as redundancy in the rings
• HSR as future replacement of RSTP. HSR at the switch level, NOT at the
IED level
• Isolation of functions
• Communication network is mirroring protection philosophy of independent
and redundant Protection A and Protection B systems
• Scalability, easy maintenance and future upgrades
• Taking IEDs or bays out of service or adding new IEDs or bays doesn’t affect
the whole network
• Reference design of bay protection & control panels
• Minimum design/wiring modifications needed in the future, even if RSTP
redundancy between switches in the ring replaced by HSR redundancy
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Conclusion
• HSR is a ring architecture that includes IEDs with embedded switch module
• PRP is less cost effective than HSR as more communications links and more
standalone switches are required
• PRP introduces less overhead to network nodes in terms of bandwidth and
required processing horsepower
• HSR may introduce maintenance issues and limit network flexibility
• HSR seems the right candidate for compact GIS substations, medium voltage
switchgear or industrial installations
For EHV substations and large AIS sites with distributed relay kiosks
a hybrid PRP/HSR architecture is proposed as the most reliable and
flexible solution
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Contact
Davinder Harcharan
Regional Sales Director
ASEAN PACIFIC
RuggedCom – A Siemens Business
E-mail:
[email protected]
siemens.com/answers
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