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Of Surfaces and Volumes of Solids.: Definition

Mensuration is the measurement of lines, areas, and volumes. There are several plane figures including triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles. Triangles can be scalene, isosceles, equilateral, or right triangles. Formulas are provided to calculate the perimeter and area of triangles, rectangles, squares, parallelograms, rhombi, trapezoids, and circles. Several example problems are also included to demonstrate calculating perimeters and areas of different shapes.

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Sourav Kumar
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126 views7 pages

Of Surfaces and Volumes of Solids.: Definition

Mensuration is the measurement of lines, areas, and volumes. There are several plane figures including triangles, quadrilaterals, and circles. Triangles can be scalene, isosceles, equilateral, or right triangles. Formulas are provided to calculate the perimeter and area of triangles, rectangles, squares, parallelograms, rhombi, trapezoids, and circles. Several example problems are also included to demonstrate calculating perimeters and areas of different shapes.

Uploaded by

Sourav Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition: Mensuration is a science of measurement of the lengths of lines, areas

of surfaces and volumes of solids.

Plane Figures: Planes are two-dimensional i.e. these two dimensions are namely
length and breadth. These occupy surface.
E.g. Triangle, Quadrilateral & Circle etc.

Triangle:

Scalene :

a, b and c are three sides of triangle and s is the semi perimeter .

S= , b is the base and h is the altitude of triangle.

Area : (i)

(ii) ( Hero’s formula)


Perimeter : a+b+c = 2s

Equilateral :
a = B Side,
h = Height or altitude,
h= a

Area : (i) (ii) a2


Perimeter : 3a

Isosceles :
a = Equal sides
b = Base
h = Height of altitude

h=

Area : (i)

(ii)
Perimeter: 2a + b

Rectangle:

l = Length
b = Breadth
d = Diagonal

Area :
Perimeter : 2l+2b = 2(l +b)

Diagonal :

Square :
a = Side
d = Diagonal

Diagonal :
Area : (i) a × a = a2

(ii)
Perimeter : a + a + a + a = 4a

Parallelogram :
a and b are sides adjacent to each other.
h= Distance between the parallel sides
Area : a×h
Perimeter : 2 (a + b)

Rhombus :

a = Each equal side of rhombus


d1 and d2 are the diagonals
d1 = BD
d2 = AC

Area : d1× d2
Perimeter : 4a

Trapezium :

a and b are parallel sides to each other and h is the perpendicular distance between
parallel sides.

Area : ×h
Perimeter : AB + BC + CD + AD

Circle :
r = Radius of the circle

Area = r2

Perimeter : 2 r (Called as circumference)

= = 3.1416
(Approx.)

Ex: Calculate the area of a triangle whose sides are 8 cm, 6 cm and 10 cm?

Sol: Area of triangle =


A=

=
= 24 cm2

Ex: The sides of a triangular field are 40 m, 32 m and 24 m respectively. Find


the cost of ploughing this field at the rate of Rs. 5 per square metre?

Sol: A =

=
= 384 m2
Total cost = Rate ×Area
= 5 × 384
= Rs. 1920

Ex: Find the diagonal of rectangle whose length is 4m and area 12m2 ?

Sol: b= = = 3m

Diagonal = [Using Pythagoras theorem]

=
= 5m

Ex: The drawing room of a house is 10 m by 6 m and it is to be covered with a


carpet of width 1m 50 cm. Find the length of the carpet required?

Sol: Area to be covered by carpet = Floor area of the drawing room


= 10 × 6
= 60 m2

Length of the carpet required =

=
= 40 m
Ex: One of the diagonals of a rhombus of side 5 cm measures 8 cm. Find the area
of the rhombus?

Sol: S = 5 cm, d1 = 8 cm

EX: The altitude of an equilateral triangle is cm. What is its perimeter?

Sol: Let one side of equilateral triangle = a

h= =

Þ = Þa=2

Perimeter = 2 x3 = 6 cm.

Ex: The sides of a right angled triangle are equal to three consecutive numbers
expressed in centimeters. What can be the area of such a triangle?

Sol: The side of right angled triangle which is 3 consecutive numbers are 3 cm, 4 cm
and 5 cm

⇒ Then, the area of triangle = x Base x Height

= x3x4
= 6 cm2

Ex: ABC is an isosceles triangle such that AB = BC = 8 cm and ÐABC = 900.What is


the length of the perpendicular drawn from B on AC?

Sol: ABC is an isosceles triangle such that AB = BC = 8 cm and ÐABC = 900


We know that –
Area of Triangle ABC –

× AB × BC = × AC × BD

8×8=8 × BD

BD = 4 cm.

Ex: A triangle DEF is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of triangle ABC
similarly a triangle PQR is formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the
triangle DEF. If the sides of the triangle PQR are of lengths 1,2 and 3 units, what
is the perimeter of the triangle ABC?

Sol: Perimeter of PQR = 1 + 2+ 3


= 6 units

Sides of DEF are 2, 4 and 6 units , then

Perimeter of DEF = 2 + 4 + 6
= 12 units

Now, Sides of ABC = 4, 8 and 12 units , then

Perimeter of ABC = 4 + 8 + 12
= 24 units

EX: The area of a rectangle whose one side is ‘a’ is ‘2a2’. What is the area of a
square having one of the diagonals of the rectangle as side?

Sol: Other side of the rectangle =

= = 2a

Diagonal of the rectangle =


= a
Area of the square on the diagonal = 5a2

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