TASK1:

AIM: Identification of the peripherals of a computer, components in a CPU and its

functions. And disassemble and assemble the PC back to working condition. Draw the
block diagram of the CPU along with the configuration of each peripheral.

Proceure :

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER:

Computer is an electronic device which takes the input information from the input device
and generates the output information and it will be displayed on the output. It enables arithmetic
computations, data processing, information management (storage) and knowledge reasoning in
an efficient manner. The word computer is derived from the word compute which means “to
calculate”. So a computer generally considered to be calculating device that perform operations
at very faster rates.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER:

Basically the computer system has three major components. These are
1. System Unit
a. Central Processing Unit (Processor)
b. Memory Unit. (Main memory and Auxiliary storage).
2. Input Unit.
3. Output Unit
Introduction to Computer Hardware:

Hardware is the physical appearance of the devices or tools. It is what we can touch and
feel. Computer Hardware consists of the Monitor, CPU, Keyboard, Mouse and all other devices
connected to the computer either externally or internally.
A typical computer (personal computer, PC) consists of a desktop or tower case (chassis) and the
following parts:
1. Cabinet: It is used to install all hardware devices like(mother board, SMPS, HDD,CD
ROM, FDD). It has Start, Restart Button, Led’s, Audio and USB Connecters are
available at front side. Cabinet Power Switch Reset Switch HDD LED Power LED.

2. CPU : The central processing unit contains the heart of any computer, the processor. The
processor is fitted on to a Mother Board. The Mother Board contains various components,
which support the functioning of a PC. The CPU has ALU and CU, the ALU performs the
arithmetic and logical operations. while the CU(control unit) extracts instructions from
memory and decodes and executes then calling on ALU when necessary.
3. System board/Motherboard : This is the major part of the PC hardware, It manages
all transactions of data between CPU peripherals. which holds the Processor, Random
Access Memory and other parts, and has slots for expansion cards, It is rectangle shape.

4. RAM (Random Access Memory)- RAM is used for program execution and short term
data-storage, so the computer doesn't have to take the time to access the hard drive to find
something. More RAM can contribute to a faster PC.
There are two major types of RAMs . they are DDRAM and SDRAM. DDRAM needs to be
refreshed thousand times per second while SDRAM does not need to be refreshed.
5. Buses / SATA cables: the collection of wires through which data is transformed from one
part of computer to another ex. PCI bus, PCI-E bus, ISA bus (outdated), USB, AGP.
IDE cable : it used to connect HDD, CD ROM, DVD ROM
FDD cable: it used to connect FDD (braking or manufacture defecting)
6. SMPS:
a. SMPS is used to supply the power to Mother Board HDD,CD ROM, FDD
b. In SMPS holds a transformer, voltage control and fan
c. Identification is the rectangular box shape and panel name is switching mode power
supply.

7. North Bridge: It is also called as controller. It converts electronic signals to binary

values and binary values to electronic signals. It is nearby processor. It placed middle of
the mother board.

8. South Bridge: It is controls major components mother board and it back bone of the
input out devices. It is communicates PCI slots, IDE-1, IDE-2, floppy connecter, BIOS
chip. It near by CMOS battery.
9. CMOS Battery: Computer is using a coin shape battery. It generates the clock signal and
it manage system continues time.

10. Storage controllers, of IDE, SCSI or other type, that control hard disk, floppy disk, CD-
ROM and other drives; the controllers sit directly on the motherboard (on-board) or on
expansion cards.
11. Input & Out put ports : . IO ports are used to connecting IO device such as key boards,
mouse, monitor, printer, scanner, speakers etc...

12. AGP Slot & AGP Card : AGP Slot is used install the AGP card. AGP back view same
as VGA port(15-female pins) and used to connecting the monitors .This slot is above PCI
slots and its color is Black or Brown.

13. CI Slots &PCI(Expansion) Cards : PCI slots are used to install the PCI cards such as

LAN (Ethernet) Card---Back view Ethernet port

Sound Card-Back view Audio pin connectors)

 TV Tuner(Internal) Card -Dish Pin connecter

PCI Slots are white or yellow color . PCI Card has Single gap only.
14. BIOS Chip : BIOS controls how the operating system and hardware wok together. BIOS
identification is BIOS name is available on chip or mother board .

15. ATX Power connecter: ATX power connecter is used to connect ATX power plug( This
is from SMPS). ATX Power connecter has 20/24 pins available. It is white color and it
has ATX name is available on Mother Board.
16. Floppy connecter: Floppy connecter is used to connect Floppy Disk Drive. This is
beside of ATX power connecter and Name FDD is available on the mother board.

17. Video display controller that produces the output for the computer display
18. Computer bus controllers (parallel, serial, USB, Fire wire) to connect the computer to
external peripheral devices such as printers or scanners
19. Sound card - translates signals from the system board into analog voltage levels, and
has terminals to plug in speakers.
20. Networking - to connect the computer to the Internet and/or other computers
21. Modem – a combined device for modulation and demodulation between the digital data
of
a computer and the analogue signal of a telephone line.
22. Network card – network interface card (NIC) or network card is an electronic device
that connects a computer to a computer network. Usually a LAN.
 23. STORAGE:

Hard Disk Drive:

a. The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a computer
b. The operating system, software titles and most other files are stored in the hard disk
drive
c. Identifications is the panel name is Hard Disk dive

CD ROM Drive & CD-Writer:

a. CD-Rom (Compact Disk Read only Memory) Drive is a device that reads the
information from Compact Disks (CD).
b. CD-Writer is used to write the data into Compact Disks.
c. Identification is the panel name is CD Writer
 Floppy Disk Drive:
a. The f loppy disk drive is used to read the information stored in floppy disks.
b. Floppy disks also called as a diskette.
c. Identification is smaller than CD writer.

24. Other peripherals: In addition, hardware can include external components of a

computer system. The following are either standard or very common.
Input : Keyboard, Mouse, Pointing devices, Trackball, Joystick, Game pad ..etc.

Key Board: Key board is like a type writer, which contains keys to feed the data or
information into the computer. Keyboards are available in two modules. These are
i. standard key board with 83-88 keys
ii. enhanced key board with 104 keys or above

Mouse: Every mouse has one primary button (left button) and one secondary button (right
button). The primary button is used to carry out most tasks, where as secondary button is
used in special cases you can select commands and options
Output : The ouput devices are:
Printer, Speakers, Monitor, Networking, Modem, Network card
Printer: A device that prints images (numbers, alphabets, graphs, etc…) on paper is known
as Printer. We have different types of printers to take printouts. These are as follows:
a. dot matrix printers
b. inkjet printers
c. laser printers

Speakers: Speakers make your system much more delightful to use entertain you while you
are working on computer .

Monitor : Monitor of a computer is like a television screen. It displays text characters and
graphics in colors or in shades of grey. The monitor is also called as screen or display or
CRT (cathode ray tube). In the monitor the screen will be displayed in pixels format.
i. 800 by 600 pixels
ii. 1024 by 768 pixels
Scanner : Scanner used to scan images and text
Disassemble and Assemble a PC:

Requirements:

6. Speakers 12. Power Cables

1. CPU(Processor) 7. Key Board 13. SMPS
2. Mother Board 8. Mouse 14. Screw Driver
3. Hard Disk Drive 9. Monitor 15. Screws
4. CD or DVD ROM 10. RAM( SD or DDR) 16. Printer etc…
5. Cabinet 11. Bus Cables

Procedure :

Disassemble a PC: Disassemble means removing parts in system.

1. Remove all the power supply connections.

2. Remove all the input and output device connections.
3. Remove all screws of cabinet with a star headed screw driver and open the cabinet
doors.
4. Remove all power supply connections from SMPS.
5. Remove SMPS.
6. Remove heat sink which is placed on top of the processor.
7. Remove the processor.
8. Remove RAM from RAM slots.
9. Remove VGA, Network cards if any from AGP, PCI slots.
10. Remove SATA connections from hard disk and CD- ROM.
11. Remove hard disk and CD- ROM.
12. Remove motherboard from cabinet.

Assemble a PC: After buying all the the components of PC they must be put together.
This process is called assembling.

1. Insert the mother board to cabinet using the star headed screw driver.
2. Install the processor.
3. Install the heat sink fan above the processor.
4. Install HDD, CD- ROM drives in the appropriate place.
5. Install the SMPS.
6. Give the power supply connections from SMPS to mother board, CD- ROM, HDD.
7. Give the SATA cable connections from HDD to mother board and CD-ROM to
mother board.
8. Insert the RAM into the RAM slot.
9. Insert AGP card into the AGP slot.
10. Insert network, sound card into the PCI slot.
11. Screw the doors of cabinet using star headed screw driver.
12. Finally connect all the input and output devices to CPU.