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Computer Science Notes and Practicebbbh

The document discusses computer memory and binary, hexadecimal, and MAC address systems. It provides examples of converting between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. Memory size is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and petabytes. Hexadecimal uses 16 values to represent each digit and is often used for memory dumps to more easily see errors in programs. MAC addresses uniquely identify devices on the internet and are usually shown as six groups of hexadecimal numbers.

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Hassan Mehmood
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views

Computer Science Notes and Practicebbbh

The document discusses computer memory and binary, hexadecimal, and MAC address systems. It provides examples of converting between binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. Memory size is measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and petabytes. Hexadecimal uses 16 values to represent each digit and is often used for memory dumps to more easily see errors in programs. MAC addresses uniquely identify devices on the internet and are usually shown as six groups of hexadecimal numbers.

Uploaded by

Hassan Mehmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer science notes and

practice
Binary system
the binary is based on the number 2 thus only values 0 and 1s can be
used in this system to represent each digit. This gives the headings of
20 2 1 2 2 2 3 24and so on
a typical binary number would be : 11101111

converting binary to denary


it Is straightforward to convert it
let’s convert this 11101110

size of computer memories


8 bits are usually referred as 1 byte byte is the smallest unit of
computer memory some computers use larger bytes but they are
always multiples of 8
Like 16 ,32, 64 etc memory size is measured in the following multiples
Name of memory No of bits Denary value
size
1 kilobyte 2 10 1024 bytes
1 megabyte 2 20 1048 576 bytes
1 gigabyte 2 30 1073 741 824 bytes
1 terabyte 2 40 1099 511627 776 bytes
1 petabyte 2 50 1 125 899 906 842
624 bytes
Hexadecimal system
Hexadecimal is a base 16 system and therefore needs to use 16
different ‘values’ to represent each digit the number 0 to 9 and the
letters a to f are used to represent each hexadecimal a=10 b=11 c=13
d=14 f=15 this gives
headings of 160 162 163 164

use of the hexadecimal system and memory


dump
since it is much easier to work with ‘B5A41AFC’
rather than 1011 1001 1010 0100 0001 1010 1111 1100
hexadecimal is often used when developing new software or when
trying to trace errors in programs the contents of part of the computer
memory can hold the key to help solve many problems. When the
memory contents are output to a printer or monitor, this is known as a
memory dump
This is a clip from the book. A program developer can look at each of
the hexadecimal codes as shown above and determine where the error
lies.The value on the far left shows the location so it is possible to find
exactly where in the memory the fault occurs

Media access control


MAC address refers to a number which uniquely identifies a device on
the internet. the mac address refers to the network interface card (NIC).
MAC address is rarely changed so it is easy to find the device no
matter where it its
It is usually made of 48 bits which are shown as 6 hexadecimal groups
For example NN-NN-NN-DD-DD-DD
or
NN:NN:NN:DD:DD:DD
Where first half NN:NN:NN is the identify no of manufacturer of
the device and the second DD:DD:DD is the serial no of the
device
Like 00:1C:B3:4F:25:FE the identify no is 001CB3 and the serial is
4F25FE

Hypertext mark-up language (HTML)


Html is used when writing and developing webpages HTML isn’t a
programming language but it is simply a mark-up language is used in
the processing ,definition and presentation of text for eg specifying the
color of the text. HTML uses <tags> <td> starts a standard cell and
</td>ends it. Whatever is between the two tags has been defined

Types of MAC address


it should be pointed out that there are two types of MAC address
universal administrated MAC address (UAA) and locally administrated
address (LAA) ( read from the book to

how to take readings from binary codes

0 0 0 1 1 0 12 0
16 8

____26_______________
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
2

____3_______________

Topical practice
1) An clock Is controlled by binary system it uses a 24 hour clock . the
hour represented by an 8 digit binary code A and the number of
minutes by another 8 digit register B
A B
0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1

HOURS _______________
MINUTES__________________
2) an alarm clock has been set for 7:30 two 8 bit registers, C and D
are used to represent the hours and minutes of the alarm time
Show how 7:30 would be represented by these two registers

minutes
hours

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