Boxing The Compass

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Boxing The Compass.

The compass card within a compass or the compass rose shown on a map is a circle
marked off in a clockwise direction in 360 equal units (360 degrees). North is marked at
0°, east at 90°, south at 180° and west at 270°. These are called the cardinal points of
the compass (cardinal meaning of first importance, fundamental). Midway between the
cardinal points are the intercardinal points; being northeast at 45°, southeast at 135°,
southwest at 225° and northwest at 315°. These may again be divided giving another
eight points such as north-northeast and north-northwest. Compass cards and roses are
normally marked with these 16 divisions clearly shown. If another 16 intermediary
divisions (as was once the custom) are shown then the naming of the resulting 32 points
in a clockwise order is known as “Boxing the Compass.”

Direction Symbol Degrees


North N 0(360)

North by east N by E 11.25

North-northeast NNE 22.5

Northeast by north NE by N 33.75

Northeast NE 45

Northeast by east NE by E 56.25

East-northeast ENE 67.5

East by north E by N 78.75

East E 90

East by south E by S 101.25

East-southeast ESE 112.5

Southeast by east SE by E 123.75

Southeast SE 135

Southeast by south SE by S 146.25

South-southeast SSE 157.5


South by east S by E 168.75

South S 180

South by west S by W 191.25

South-southwest SSW 202.5

Southwest by south SW by S 213.75

Southwest SW 225 225

Southwest by west SW by W 236.25

West-southwest WSW 247.5

West by south W by S 258.75

West W 270

West by north W by N 281.25

West-northwest WNW 292.5

Northwest by west NW by W 303.75

Northwest NW 315

Northwest by north NW by N 326.25

North-northwest NNW 337.5

North by west N by W 348.75

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