PHYSICAL TESTING UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION

TIME OF SETTING AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION

Initial time(min) Final Time(min) Trial Initial (in)
Tf= 195 1 0.00000
E= 90 t= 123 2 0.00000
H= 105 3 0.00000
C= 29 4 0.00000
D= 20 5 0.00000
6 0.00000
mean 0.00000
timer(ms) vicat(mm) timer(ms) std 0.00000E+00
calbrtion 0.039 0.58 0.039 res'n 0.00004
resltion 1 1 1 rep'ty 0.00002
calibr'n 5.8000E-04
K= 2 K= 2
AIR PERMEABILITY (BLAINE) COMPRESSIVE (3days)
timer (sec) wt of Hg w/o wt of Hg w/ trial Mload(lbf)
Trial weight of sample cement(W1) cement(W2)
1 2.9081 105.06 104.1471 79.1556 1 9845
2 2.9081 105.06 104.1471 79.1556 2 9750
3 2.9081 105.06 104.1471 79.1556 3 9800
4 2.9081 105.06 104.1471 79.1556 4 9845
5 2.9081 105.06 104.1471 79.1556 5 9750
mean 2.9081 105.06 104.1471 79.1556 6 9800
std 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 0.0000E+00 mean 9798
res 0.0001 0.001 0.0001 0.0001 std 0.0000
rep 0.0001 0.001 0.0001 0.0001 res 500
drif 3.29 3.29 3.29 rep 97.9833
cal uncer 8.00E-05 0.58 8.00E-05 8.00E-05 drif
K= 2 Factor= 359.1244 cal uncer 0.0058
NORMAL CONSISTENCY (N.C.) K= 2.01
Trial Cement Water Vicat Dial caliper calibration
1 650.01 164 7 Observation trial 1(mm)
2 650.10 164 9 1 50.96
3 649.99 164 10 2 50.64
4 650.10 164 11 3 50.66
5 649.99 164 13 4 51.00
mean 650.04 164.00 10.00 mean 50.82
std 5.72E-02 0.0000 2.2361 std 0.1914
res 0.1 0.2887 1 1 50.96
rep 0.1 0.5774 1 2 50.94
drif 3.29 3.29 3 50.54
uncert 0.15 0.15 0.58 res of D C mean 50.81
K= 2 2 2 0.02 std 0.2369
trial 7 days 28 days
1 12660 3170 10364 402
2 12820 3210 9848 382
3 12740 3190 0 0
Ave 12740 3190 6737 261
Std 80 20 5840.2177 226.3793
ATION
OCLAVE EXPANSION
Final (in)
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000
0.00000E+00
0.00004
0.00002
10.00
(fr table appendix 2 @ 95%
confidence)
MPRESSIVE (3days) 3 DAYS
CS(Psi)
Trials Lbs. PSI
2470 1 9845 2470
2440 2 9750 2440
2460 3 9800 2460 9798 9800
2470 4 9845 2470
2440 5 9750 2440
2460 6 9800 2460
2457 7 DAYS
15.1658 Trials Lbs. PSI
2.941 1 12660 3170
2 12820 3210
3 12740 3190 12740 12740
28 DAYS
Trials Lbs. PSI
l caliper calibration 1 22800 5700
trial 2(mm) 2 21665 5420
50.92 3 22233 22230
50.78
50.76
51.02
50.87
0.1227
caliper uncertainty
0.0125
std operator
0.003
2455 2460

3190 3190

5560 5560
 SUMMARY OF UNCERTAINTY CALCULATION FOR PHYSICAL SECTION

VARIATIONS
DESCRIPTIONS DATA K UNCERTAINTY units (upper & lower limit)

TIME OF SETTING

INITIAL SETTING 97 2 ± 0.97 mins 96 98

FINAL SETTING 195 2 ± 9.64E-06 mins 195 195

NORMAL CONSISTENCY
25.23 2 ± 2.47 % 22.76 27.70

AUTOCLAVE
0.000 2.000 ± 0.0082 % -0.01 0.01

BLAINE

368 2 ± 6 m2/kg 363 374

3681 2 ± 55 cm2/gr 3626 3736

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

2457 2 ± 117 psi 2340 2574

3days
16.94 2 ± 0.81 MPa 16.13 17.74

3190 2 ± 152 psi 3038 3342

7days
21.99 2 ± 1.05 MPa 20.95 23.04

261 2 ± 12 psi 249 274

28days
1.80 2 ± 0.09 MPa 1.71 1.89
where: K is the coverage factor at 95% level of confidence
 TIME OF SETTING
A) INITIAL TIME OF SETTING:

TS=

where:
Ts= time of setting, min
E=time of last penetration greater than 25mm, in min
H=time of penetration less than 25 mm, in min
C=penetration at time E
D=penetration at time H

Ts= 97 min
E= 90 min
H= 105 min
C= 29
D= 20
1.0 TOTAL UNCERTAINTY OF TIME OF SETTING (Initial setting)

Sources of
uncertainty Data Distribution Type Divisor ±Std Uncertainty

ΔTs= = 0.4852 ±min

a. Last penetration E (Timer calibration):

ΔE= 4.8222E-06 min

Calibration (μcalE)= 0.039 normal B 2 3.25E-07 min

resolution (μresE)= 1 rectangular B 2√3 4.81E-06 min

b. First penetration H (Timer calibration):

ΔH= 4.8222E-06 min

Calibration (μcalH)= 0.039 normal B 2 3.25E-07 min

resolution (μresH)= 1 rectangular B 2√3 4.81E-06 min

c. For vicat C (Vicat gradation):

ΔC= 0.4092 mm

Calibration (μcalC)= 0.58 normal B 2 0.29 mm

resolution (μooC)= 1 rectangular B 2√3 0.2887 mm
d. For vicat D (Vicat gradation):

ΔD= 0.4092 mm

Calibration (μcalC)= 0.58 normal B 2 0.29

resolution (μooC)= 1 rectangular B 2√3 0.2887

Sensitivity Coefficient:

= 0.5556

= 0.4444

= 0.9259

= 0.7407

COVERAGE FACTOR:

E:
VefE=

H:
VefH=

C:
Vefc=

D:
VefD=

Ts:
VefTs=

EXPANDED UNCERTAINTY for initial time of setting:

 K= 2
αTs= 0.97 ±min 58 ±sec

B) FINAL TIME OF SETTING:

Tf= t

where:
Tf is final setting time, min
t is time elapse betqeen initial contact of cement and water and
the time when the needle does not leave a complete circular
impression in the paste surface.
note:
Tf= 195 min
t= 123 min

1.0 TOTAL UNCERTAINTY OF TIME OF SETTING (Final setting)

ΔTf= = 4.822E-06 ±min

a. Last penetration E (Timer calibration):

Sources of
uncertainty Data Distribution Type Divisor ±Std Uncertainty

ΔE= 4.8222E-06 min

Calibration (μcalt)= 0.039 normal B 2 3.25E-07 min

resolution (μrest)= 1 rectangular B 2√3 4.81E-06 min

Sensitivity Coefficient:

COVERAGE FACTOR:

t:
Veft=

EXPANDED UNCERTAINTY for Final time of setting:

K= 2
αTs= 0.000010 ±min 0.0006 ±sec
 AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION
ASTM C151-05

E = (( A - B ) / L ) X 100%
where:
E= Autoclave expansion, %
A= Length comparator reading after autoclaving, in.
B= Length comparator reading before autoclaving, in.
L= Effective gage length, (10 in)

Note:
E= 0.0000 %
B= 0.0000 in
A= 0.0000 in
L= 10 in

1.0 TOTAL UNCERTAINTY FOR AUTOCLAVE EXPANSION:

Sources of uncertainty Data Distribution Type Divisor ±Std Uncertainty

DE= 4.108E-03

a. Length comparator reading before autoclaving (B):

ΔB= 2.905E-04 in

μD.I(B)= 1.633E-05 in
resolution (δresD.I.)= 0.00004 rectangular B 2√3 1.155E-05
repeatabily (δrepD.I.)= 0.00002 rectangular B √3 1.155E-05

b. Bar object before autoclaving (B):

μobj(B)= 2.900E-04 in
resolution (δcalD.I.)= 5.800E-04 normal B 2 2.900E-04 in
repeatabily (δobjD.I.)= 0.000E+00 normal A √3 0.000E+00 in

c. Length comparator reading afer autoclaving (A):

ΔA= 2.905E-04 in

μD.I(A)= 1.633E-05 in
resolution (δresA)= 4.00E-05 rectangular B 2√3 1.155E-05 in
repeatabily (δrepA)= 2.00E-05 rectangular B √3 1.155E-05 in

Page 10
d. Bar object afer autoclaving (A):

μobj(A)= 2.900E-04 in
resolution (δcalA)= 5.80E-04 rectangular B 2 2.900E-04 in
repeatabily (δobjA)= 0.00E+00 rectangular B √6 0.000E+00 in

The effective gage length shall be 10±0.1in (ASTM C490):

gage length (ΔL)= 0.10 rectangular B √3 5.77E-02 in

Sensitivity coefficients:

-10 %/in

10 %/in

0 %/in

coverage factor:

VefB= #DIV/0!

D.I.(B)
vefD.I.=

vefobj= #DIV/0!

VefA= #DIV/0!

D.I.(A)
vefD.I.=

Page 11
 vefobj= #DIV/0!

VefE= #DIV/0!

K= 2
αTs= 0.00822 ±%

Page 12
 AIR PERMEABILITY (BLAINE)
Blaine= 3773 m2/kg
ΔP= ((ΔB)^2 (1)^2 + (Δ T)^2 (1)^2 + (ΔS)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

1.0 UNCERTAINTY FOR ANALITICAL BALANCE (B):

a. Uncertainty for weighing in balance:

ΔB= √((µbal)^2(1)^2 + (µobj)^2(1)^2

Uncertainty in Digimatic indicator:

µbal(B)= √((δcal)^2(1)^2 + (δres)^2(1)^2 + (δsen)^2(1)^2

δres (B)= 2.8868E-05 g

δrep(B)= 5.7735E-05 g
δsen(B)= 1.1048E-08 g

µbal(B)= 6.4550E-05 g

b. Uncertainty due to object :

µobj(B)= √((δcal)^2(1)^2 + (δobj)^2(1)^2

δcal(B)= 0.0000E+00 g
δobj(B)= 4.0000E-05 g

µobj(B)= 4.0000E-05 g

ΔB= 7.5939E-05 g

2.0 UNCERTAINTY FOR TIMER (T):

ΔT= √((µbal)^2(1)^2 + (µobj)^2(1)^2

a. Uncertainty in the timing machine:

µbal(T)= √((µres^2(1)^2 + (µrep)^2(1)^2 +(δcal)^2(1)^2

δres (T)= 2.8868E-04 sec

δrep(T)= 5.7735E-04 sec
δcal(T)= 2.9000E-04 sec

Page 13
 µbal(T)= 7.076E-04 sec

b. Uncertainty due to object (Timer)

µcal(T)= √((δcal)^2(1)^2

δcal (T)= 0.0000E+00 sec

µobj(T)= 0.0000E+00 sec

ΔT= √((µbal)^2(1)^2 + (µobj)^2(1)^2

ΔT= 0.0007076 sec

Combined uncertainty for Timer (T)

(Time interval of Manometer drop for test Sample)

ΔP= √((ΔB)^2(1)^2 +(ΔT)^2(1)^2+(ΔC)^2(1)2)

= 0.0119

CALIBRATION OF BLAINE APPARATTUS

UNCERTAINTY FOR STANDARD MASS OF SAMPLE:

ΔS= ((∂W/∂V)^2 (ΔV)^2 + (∂W/∂Є)^2 (ΔЄ)^2)^(1/2)

MASS OF SAMPLE EQUATION:

W=Ρv(1-Є)
W -ρv + ρVЄ = 0

Sensitivity Coefficient for Bulk Volume:

∂W/∂V = ρ + ρVЄ = 0
∂W/∂V = ρ ( 1 + Є ) = 0
porosity of cement bed(Є)=0.5, ρ=3.15

∂W/∂V= 3.15 ( 1 - .5)

∂W/∂V= 1.575 =C1

Page 14
Sensitivity Coefficient for Porosity:

∂W/∂Є + ρ V = 0

∂W/∂Є + 3.15 ( 1.8409 ) = 0

∂W/∂Є = - 3.15 (1.8409)

∂W/∂Є = -5.798835 =C2

ΔЄ= 0.005/6^(1/2)
= 2.0412E-03

ΔV= ((∂V/∂Wa)^2 (Δwa)^2 + (∂V/∂Wb)^2 (ΔWb)^2)^(1/2)

Formula for computation of bulk volume of

compacted bed of cement:

V=(Wa-Wb)/D

DV - Wa + Wb = 0

∂VD/∂Wa - 1 = 0

∂V/∂Wa - 1/D = 0

∂V/∂Wa = 1/ 13.54 = C1
= 0.07386

∂VD/∂Wb + 1 = 0

∂V/∂Wb = - 1/D = C2

∂V/∂Wb = - 1/13.54 = -0.7386 = C2

= -0.07386

Page 15
Δwa= ((µWax1)^2(1)^2 + (µWax2)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

µWax1= ((δresWa)^2 (1)^2 + (δrepWa)^2 (1)^2 + (δsenWa)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

δresWa= 2.8868E-05 g
δrepWa= 0.000057735 g
δsenWa= 3.9565E-07 g
µWax1= 6.455093E-05 g

µWax1= ((δcalWa)^2 (1)^2 + (δstd errWa)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

δcalWa= 0.0000E+00 g
δstd errWa= 4.0000E-05 g
µWax1= 4.00000E-05 g

Δwa= 7.5940E-05 g

Δwb= ((µWbx2^2(1)^2 + (µWbx2)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

µWbx2= ((δresWb)^2 (1)^2 + (δrepWb)^2 (1)^2 + (δsenWb)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

δresWb= 2.8868E-05 g
δrepWb= 0.000057735 g
δsenWb= 3.0071E-07 g
µWbx2= 6.455042E-05 g

µWbx2= ((δcalWb)^2 (1)^2 + (δstd errWb)^2 (1)^2)^(1/2)

δcalWb= 0.0000E+00 g
δstd errWb= 4.0000E-05 g
µWbx2= 4.00000E-05 g

Δwb= 7.5939E-05 g

ΔV= 7.9322E-06 g

ΔS= 1.1837E-02

Page 16
The expanded Uncertainty at 95% level of confidence is:

K= 2.00
αΔP= K x ΔP
= 0.02 ± sec
6 ± m2/KG

3. EFFECTIVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM:

Coverage factor for balance (B):
ueff= ΔB^4/((µbal(B))(1))^4/Vbal(B)+((µobj)(1))^4/Vobj(B)
#DIV/0!

cal(B):
ueff= µcal(B)^4/((δres)(1))^4/Vres +((δrep)(1))^4/Vrep +((δsen)(1))^4/Vsen)
= #DIV/0!

obj:B:
ueff= µobj(B)^4/((δcal)(1))^4/Vcal +((δobj)(1))^4/Vobj
= #DIV/0!

Coverage factor for Timer (T):

ueff= ΔT^4/((µcal(A)(1))^4/VD +((µobj)(1))^4/Voo
#DIV/0!

cal(T):
ueff= µD.cal(T)^4/((δres)(1))^4/Vres +((δrep)(1))^4/Vrep
= #DIV/0!

obj(T):
ueff= µobj(T)^4/((δcal)(1))^4/Vcal +((δobj)(1))^4/Vobj
= #DIV/0!

Page 17
 NORMAL CONSISTENCY (NC)

A) MASS OF CEMENT PASTE(CP):

Uncertainty of top loading balance (Mc):

µbal= √((δres)^2(1)^2 + (δrep)^2 (1)^2 + (δsen)^2 (1)^2)

δres= 2.8868E-02 g
δrep= 5.7735E-02 g
δsen= 2.4695E-06 g

µbal= 6.4550E-02 g

µobj= √((δcal)^2(1)^2 + (δstder)^2(1)^2

δcal= 0.0256 g
δstder= 0.0750 g

µobj= 0.0792 g

ΔMc= √((µbal)^2(1)^2 + (µobj)^2 (1)^2)

= 0.1022 g

B) WATER REQUIRED(Wr):

Uncertainty of water required (Wr):

µbal= √((δres)^2(1)^2 + (δrep)^2 (1)^2 + (δsen)^2 (1)^2)

δres= 1.5193E-02 g
δrep= 5.7735E-02 g
δsen= 2.4695E-06 g

µbal= 5.970E-02 g
 µobj= √((δcal)^2(1)^2 + (δstder)^2(1)^2

δcal= 0.0750
δstder= 0.0000

µobj= 0.0750 g

ΔWr= √((µbal)^2(1)^2 + (µobj)^2 (1)^2)

= 0.0959 g

C) VICAT APPARATUS(Va):

Uncertainty for vicat apparatus (Va):

µbal= √((δres)^2(1)^2 + (δrep)^2 (1)^2 + (δsen)^2 (1)^2)

δres= 0.2887 mm
δrep= 0.5774 mm
δsen= 0.2900 mm

µbal= 0.7076 mm

µobj= 1.0000 mm

ΔVa= √((µbal)^2(1)^2 + (µobj)^2 (1)^2)

= 1.2251 mm

COMBINED STANDARD UNCERTAINTY FOR THE AMOUNT OF WATER

REQUIRED FOR CEMENT :

ΔMw= √((ΔMc)^2(1)^2 + (ΔWr)^2 (1)^2 + (ΔVa)^2 (1)^2)

= 1.2330 (±)ml
 SENSITIVITY COEFFICIENT FOR NORMAL CONSISTENCY:

N. C. Mass of Water = Mw
Mass of Cement Mc

S. C. No. 1
∂Nc/∂Mw = 1/Mc

∂Nc/∂Mw = 1/160

0.00625 =C2

S. C. No. 2
∂Nc/∂Mc = -Mw/Mc

∂Nc/∂Mc = -164/6502

-0.00039 =C2

TOTAL STANDARD UNCERTAINTY FOR NORMAL CONSISTENCY:

ΔNc= √((∂Nc/∂Mw)^2 (ΔMw)^2 + (∂Nc/∂Mc)^2 (ΔMc)^2)

= 3.61E-07 ±%

K= 2
αMw= K x ΔMw
= 2.47 ±%

4. EFFECTIVE DEGREES OF FREEDOM:

MC:
ueff= ΔMc^4/(((µcal)(1))^4/VE +((µres)(1))^4/VE+ ((µsen)(1))^4/Vsen)
= #DIV/0!

Mcbal:
ueff= µMcbal^4/(((δcal)(1))^4/VH +((δres)(1))^4/VH +((δsen)(1))^4/Vsen)
= #DIV/0!
 Mccal:
ueff= µMcobj^4/(((δcal)(1))^4/VC +((δoo)(1))^4/VC)
= 368.7104621

Wr:
ueff= ΔWr^4/(((µcal)(1))^4/VD +((µoo)(1))^4/VD)
= #DIV/0!

Wrbal:
ueff= µWrbal^4/(((δres)(1))^4/Vres +((δrep)(1))^4/Vrep +((δsen)(1))^4/Vvsen)
= #DIV/0!

Wrcal:
ueff= µWrobj^4/((δstder)(1))^4/Vstd +((δobj)(1))^4/Vobj)
= #VALUE!

Va:
ueff= ΔVa^4/(((µcal)(1))^4/Vcal +((µobj)(1))^4/Vobj)
= 16.2232

Vabal:
ueff= µVabal^4/(((δres)(1))^4/Vres +((δrep)(1))^4/Vrep +((δsen)(1))^4/Vsen)
= #DIV/0!

Vaobj: µVaobj^4/(((δcal)(1))^4/Vacal +((δobj)(1))^4/Vaobj)

= 7.2029

NC:
ueff= ΔNc^4/((∂Nc/∂Wr)*ΔWr)^4/VWr + ((∂Nc/∂Mc)*(ΔMc))^4/VMc + ((1)*(ΔVa))^4/Vva)
= #DIV/0!
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGHT
ASTM C109/C 109M-05
Using 2-in. (50 mm) cube specimens

fm=P/A

where:
fm= compressive strength in psi or [MPs]
P= total maximum load in lbf of [N]
A=area of loaded surface in2 or [mm2]

Δfm=

Uncertainty due to measuremen of area (3-days):

1. repeatability for the Dial caliper:

µDCrep= Resolution/K =0.003/(2x25.4)

= 0.000246063 in

2. operator observation for the Dial caliper:

µDCoo= operator observation/(2x√3x25.4)

= 3.409549E-05 in

3. error for the Mean dimension:

µDCSE= stdev/√2
= 0.1675

Uncertainty for the Area of Cube:

ΔAm=
= 0.1675
Uncertainty for measurement of the Area of Cube:

ΔA=

= 0.2369 in
 Uncertainty due to MACHINE LOAD:

1. UNCERTAINTY ASSOCIATED IN VARIATION IN LOAD RATE:

An additional uncertainty in the strength can be due to the rate of loading (∂VL)
This uncertainty is added to the uncertainty and is not included in the uncertainty of
applied load. Data for this can obtain from research papers and this value may differ
as the compressive strength changes and is a rectangular distribution.

µVL= 12.740 ±psi

∂VL= ∂VL / √3 7.3554 ±psi

2. UNCERTAINTY OF THE MEASURED LOAD:

From the specification of the testing machine. The percentage of the error
loads within the proposed
UNCERTAINTY
range of used
OF THE
of the
MEASURED
testing machine
LOAD: shall not exceed±1.0%
of the indicated load. For item no. 1 which has 11,800 lbs = 1 x 11,800 lbs / 100 =
118 lbs this could be anywhere within the range and thus a rectangular distribution.

µML= 97.98 ± lbs

∂ML= µML/ √3 56.5707 ± lbs

3. UNCERTAINTY OF THE MACHINE DISPLAYED:

µMD= 500 lbf

∂MD= µMD/(2x√3) 144.34 ±lbf

Uncertainty due to MACHINE LOAD (ΔP):

ΔP=

= 16 ±lbf
Uncertainty of the COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

CS = P / A

Note:
CS= Compressive Strength
P= Applied Load
 A= Computed Area

ΔP=

Sensitivity Coefficient:

∂CS / ∂P = 1 / A = C1

C1= 1 / (2 X 2) 0.25 in

∂CS / ∂A = -P / A2 =C2

C2= =-MEAN LOAD/AREA2

= 2457 psi

TOTAL UNCERTAINTY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (3days):

ΔCS=

= 58 ±psi

K= 2.01

αΔCS= K x ΔCS
= 117 ±psi

Uncertainty due to measuremen of area (7-days):

1. repeatability for the Dial caliper:

µDCrep= Resolution/K =0.003/(2x25.4)

= 5.9055E-05 in

2. operator observation for the Dial caliper:

µDCoo= operator observation/(2x√3x25.4)

= 3.4095E-05 in
 3. error for the Mean dimension:

µDCSE= stdev/√2
= 0.1675

Uncertainty for the Area of Cube:

ΔAm=
= 0.1675

Uncertainty for measurement of the Area of Cube:

ΔA=

= 0.2369 in

Uncertainty due to MACHINE LOAD:

1. UNCERTAINTY ASSOCIATED IN VARIATION IN LOAD RATE:

An additional uncertainty in the strength can be due to the rate of loading (∂VL)
This uncertainty is added to the uncertainty and is not included in the uncertainty of
applied load. Data for this can obtain from research papers and this value may differ
as the compressive strength changes and is a rectangular distribution.

µVL= 127.400 ±psi

∂VL= ∂VL / √3 73.5544 ±psi

2. UNCERTAINTY OF THE MEASURED LOAD:

From the specification of the testing machine. The percentage of the error
loads within the proposed
UNCERTAINTY
range of used
OF THE
of the
MEASURED
testing machine
LOAD: shall not exceed±1.0%
of the indicated load. For item no. 1 which has 11,800 lbs = 1 x 11,800 lbs / 100 =
118 lbs this could be anywhere within the range and thus a rectangular distribution.

µML= 97.98 ± lbs

∂ML= µML/ √3 56.5707 ± lbs

 3. UNCERTAINTY OF THE MACHINE DISPLAYED:

µMD= 500 lbf

∂MD= µMD/(2x√3) 144.34 ±lbf

Uncertainty due to MACHINE LOAD (ΔP):

ΔP=

= 17 ±lbf
Uncertainty of the COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

CS = P / A

Note:
CS= Compressive Strength
P= Applied Load
A= Computed Area

ΔP=

Sensitivity Coefficient:

∂CS / ∂P = 1 / A = C1

C1= 1 / (2 X 2) 0.25 in

∂CS / ∂A = -P / A2 =C2

C2= =-MEAN LOAD/AREA2

= 3190 psi

TOTAL UNCERTAINTY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (7days):

ΔCS=

= 76 ±psi
 K= 2.01

αΔCS= K x ΔCS
= 152 ±psi

Uncertainty due to measuremen of area (28-days):

1. repeatability for the Dial caliper:

µDCrep= Resolution/K =0.003/(2x25.4)

= 1.1417E-04 in

2. operator observation for the Dial caliper:

µDCoo= operator observation/(2x√3x25.4)

= 0.000142065 in

3. error for the Mean dimension:

µDCSE= stdev/√2
= 0.1675

Uncertainty for the Area of Cube:

ΔAm=
= 0.1675

Uncertainty for measurement of the Area of Cube:

ΔA=

= 0.2369 in

Uncertainty due to MACHINE LOAD:

1. UNCERTAINTY ASSOCIATED IN VARIATION IN LOAD RATE:

An additional uncertainty in the strength can be due to the rate of loading (∂VL)
This uncertainty is added to the uncertainty and is not included in the uncertainty of
applied load. Data for this can obtain from research papers and this value may differ
as the compressive strength changes and is a rectangular distribution.
 µVL= 6.737 ±psi

∂VL= ∂VL / √3 3.8897 ±psi

2. UNCERTAINTY OF THE MEASURED LOAD:

From the specification of the testing machine. The percentage of the error
loads within the proposed range of used
UNCERTAINTY of the
OF THE testing machine
MEASURED LOAD: shall not exceed±1.0%
of the indicated load. For item no. 1 which has 11,800 lbs = 1 x 11,800 lbs / 100 =
118 lbs this could be anywhere within the range and thus a rectangular distribution.

µML= 97.98 ± lbs

∂ML= µML/ √3 56.5707 ± lbs

3. UNCERTAINTY OF THE MACHINE DISPLAYED:

µMD= 500 lbf

∂MD= µMD/(2x√3) 144.34 ±lbf

Uncertainty due to MACHINE LOAD (ΔP):

ΔP=

= 16 ±lbf
Uncertainty of the COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

CS = P / A

Note:
CS= Compressive Strength
P= Applied Load
A= Computed Area
 ΔP=

Sensitivity Coefficient:

∂CS / ∂P = 1 / A = C1

C1= 1 / (2 X 2) 0.25 in

∂CS / ∂A = -P / A2 =C2

C2= =-MEAN LOAD/AREA2

= 261 psi

TOTAL UNCERTAINTY OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH (28days):

ΔCS=

= 6 ±psi

K= 2.01

αΔCS= K x ΔCS
= 12 ±psi
 Measurement Uncertainty for Air Content of Hydraulic Cement Mortar

UNCERTAINTY SOURCES

1) Calibration: Digital Weighing Scale (L-003/Cement-A05327334)

Unit Value Reading Relative Uncertainty
Calibration g 0.13 1799.2 0.0000211757
Resolution g 0.1 3000 0.0000096225
K-Factor 1.97

2) Verication of Cylindrical Measure

Repeatability
Trial 1 400.7
Trial 2 400.9
Trial 3 400.5
Trial 4 400.4
Trial 5 400.8
Trial 6 400.2 Relative Uncertainty
STDEV 0.263944 0.0002689949
Ave 400.5833
N 6

3) Mass of 400mL Mortar (W) 4) Percentage of Mixin

Repeatability
Trial 1 843.1
Trial 2 843.1
Trial 3 843.1 Relative Uncertainty
Trial 4 843.1 0
Trial 5 843.1
Trial 6 843.1
STDEV 0
Ave 843.1
N 6

5) Computation

Air Content Volume (%)= 5.1048688360

5.1048688360
5.1048688360
 5.1048688360
5.1048688360
5.1048688360
STDEV 0.0000000000
Average 5.1048688360
N 6

Combined Uncertainty 0.0002699986

K-Factor 1.56508428115795E-18
0
Student T Table 1.96
Expanded UC 0.0529197267

UNCERTAINTY: ± 0.0027014826
4) Percentage of Mixing Wter, Based on Mass of Cement Used (P)

Repeatability
Trial 1 77.14 0
Trial 2 77.14
Trial 3 77.14 Relative Uncertainty
Trial 4 77.14 0
Trial 5 77.14
Trial 6 77.14
STDEV 0
Ave 77.14
N 6

878.8
878.8
878.8
878.8
878.8
878.8
0