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    LNG Regasification

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    Vu Duc Nguyen
    The document discusses liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification, which is the process of converting LNG back to gas form for distribution. It provides background on the history and development of LNG regasification. The main types of vaporizers used in the regasification process are described as open rack vaporizers, submerged combustion vaporizers, and intermediate fluid vaporizers. The document also outlines India's growing LNG import and regasification infrastructure and capacity.

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    LNG Regasification

    Uploaded by

    Vu Duc Nguyen
    355 views22 pages
    The document discusses liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification, which is the process of converting LNG back to gas form for distribution. It provides background on the history and development of LNG regasification. The main types of vaporizers used in the regasification process are described as open rack vaporizers, submerged combustion vaporizers, and intermediate fluid vaporizers. The document also outlines India's growing LNG import and regasification infrastructure and capacity.

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    The document discusses liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification, which is the process of converting LNG back to gas form for distribution. It provides background on the history and development of LNG regasification. The main types of vaporizers used in the regasification process are described as open rack vaporizers, submerged combustion vaporizers, and intermediate fluid vaporizers. The document also outlines India's growing LNG import and regasification infrastructure and capacity.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    355 views22 pages

    LNG Regasification

    Uploaded by

    Vu Duc Nguyen
    The document discusses liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification, which is the process of converting LNG back to gas form for distribution. It provides background on the history and development of LNG regasification. The main types of vaporizers used in the regasification process are described as open rack vaporizers, submerged combustion vaporizers, and intermediate fluid vaporizers. The document also outlines India's growing LNG import and regasification infrastructure and capacity.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 22

    ASIT KUMAR MEHER

    4/13/2018
    1
     Introduction
     History
     Regasification process
     Types of vaporizer
     Scenario in India
     Summary
     Reference

    2
     Regasification is a process of converting
    liquefied natural gas(LNG) at 111K
    temperature back to natural gas at
    atmospheric temperature.
     In order to deliver LNG to the customer,
    LNG is vaporized through a regasification
    process.
     Regasification is an important process in
    LNG receiving terminal due to its
    relatively high capital investment.

    3
    4/13/2018 4
     British chemist Michael Faraday was the first to experiment
    with the liquefaction of natural gas. In 1873, German
    engineer Carl von Linde built the first compression
    refrigeration machine.
     1972-1978: The US joins the LNG market, introducing four
    regasification plants.

     The plant owned by GNL Italia S.p.A. is located in the town of


    Fezzano di Porto Venere (SP) and is the first structure which
    can receive and regasify liquefied natural gas (GNL).

     Petronet LNG Limited, has set up the country's first LNG


    receiving and regasification terminal at Dahej, Gujarat on June
    2009 and another terminal at Kochi, Kerala started its
    operations in August 2013.

    4/13/2018 5
     LNG fed in to regasification plant.
     At the plant LNG pumped into storage tank.
     When needed, LNG is pumped at high pressure
    and heated.
     The vaporised gas is regulated for pressure and
    enters the pipeline as natural gas.
     Once regasified, the natural gas is delivered into
    the distribution pipelines to the different uses or
    power generation stations.

    6
    4/13/2018 7
     Open Rack Vaporizers (ORV)

     Submerged Combustion Vaporizers (SCV)

     Intermediate Fluid Vaporizers (IFV)

     Ambient Air Vaporizers (AAV)

    Open rack vaporizers (ORV) and submerged combustion


    vaporizers (SCV) are the most common vaporization methods
    in existing regasification terminals.

    4/13/2018 8
     An Open Rack Vaporizer (ORV) is a heat exchanger that uses
    seawater as the source of heat.
     ORVs are well proven technology and have been widely used
    in Japan, Korea and Europe LNG terminals.
     The ORV has heat exchangers tubes that are arranged in
    panels, connected through the LNG inlet and the regasified
    product outlet piping manifolds and hung from a rack.
     Adjacent heat exchanger tubes are fixed each other by spot
    welding.
     To prevent corrosion surface coatings are done.
     Aquatic environment may affected as it reject cold water to
    sea.

    4/13/2018 9
    Schematic diagram of ORV
    10
     SCV has a structure in which an underwater burner,
    burning fuel gas, generates heat to vaporize LNG.
     LNG flows through a stainless tube coil that is
    submerged in a water bath which is heated by direct
    contact with hot flue gases from a submerged gas
    burner.
     The use of combustion gas a heat source allows the
    vaporizer to be smaller than other types of vaporizers
    of the same capacity.
     Compared with ORV and IFV, SCV doesn’t require clean
    or warm seawater nearby.Therfore it can be equipped in
    high latitude or muddy sea regions for base load.

    4/13/2018 11
    Schematic of SCV structure

    4/13/2018 12
     The IFV is a shell and tube heat exchanger with an
    intermediate working fluid(propane, ammonia,
    propylene, butane or glycol water solution) which
    transfer heat between heat source (sea water) and
    heat sink (LNG).
     The general requirements of intermediate fluids are
    high thermal conductivity, low viscosity, high specific
    heat, low corrosion rate and environment
    friendliness.
     IFV has an evaporator part where IF gets vaporized by
    sea water , and a condenser part where IF gets
    condensed by rejecting heat to LNG.
     The advantages of IFV compared to other LNG
    vaporizers are low operating cost, low environmental
    impact, reliability.

    4/13/2018 13
    4/13/2018 14
     AAVs are finned tube heat exchangers in which LNG is
    regasified by direct heat transfer between ambient air and
    LNG.
     AAVs are long, single pass heat exchangers with the cold
    fluid flowing inside vertical tubes and the warm fluid
    (ambient air) flowing on outside.
     The condensed moisture is deposited on the finned walls of
    the vaporizer tube, may decrease heat transfer efficiency of
    vaporizer.
     AAVs are potential for fog cloud to affect the human
    activities.

    4/13/2018 15
    4/13/2018 16
    4/13/2018 17
    1.Dahej, Gujrat:-
     Country’s first LNG receiving and
    regasification terminal set up in June,
    2009.
     It has nominal capacity of 15 MMPTA,
    17.5 MMTPA by 2018 end.
     It uses IFV as vaporizer.
     The terminal is meeting around 70% of
    the total gas demand of the country.

    2.Kochi, Kerala:-
     South India's first LNG Receiving,
    Regasification and re loading
    terminal set up in August, 2013.
     It has nominal capacity of 5 MMTPA.
     It uses ORV as vaporizer.

    4/13/2018 18
    3.Other LNG terminals:-
     Hazira Terminal, Shell Ltd, Gujarat , 3.6 MMTPA.
     RGPPL LNG Terminal,Dabhol,Maharashtra, 5 MMTPA .
     Mundra Terminal , GSPC LNG Ltd. 5 MMTPA.
     Essar Group, won a contract to build the first LNG regasification
    terminal in West Bengal state at an investment of 4.5 billion Indian
    rupees.

     India is 4th largest LNG importer,


    importing 37.5 MMTPA.

    4/13/2018 19
     Natural gas (NG) is a natural resource that in recent
    years has seen a large increase in demand globally.
     While the share of oil in energy is forecast to
    dramatically decrease by 2030, NG is predicted to
    reach 25.9% of the world’s energy usage. LNG demand
    may reach up to 500 MMPTA by 2030 .
     However for regasification, it varies according to
    location and meteorology.
     In India demand for LNG is obstruct by Coal as it is
    cheaper than NG and its availability. But emission of
    carbon dioxide is double than NG.

    4/13/2018 20
     https://cryonorm.com/lng-vaporizers
     http://www.kobelco.co.jp
     http://www.gastechnology.org
     https://www.cbi.com/getattachment/3086b052-826e-40b4-
    93c0-af5e4c95674a/Study-Focuses-on-Six-LNG-
    Regasification-Systems.aspx
     http://petrowiki.org/Liquified_natural_gas_(LNG)
     https://www.petronetlng.com
     https://www.reuters.com/article/indonesia-lng-summit-
    india/india-plans-massive-natural-gas-expansion-lng-
    imports-to-soar-idUSL4N1PW5M0

    4/13/2018 21
    THANK YOU

    4/13/2018
    22

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