SYNOPSIS ON ‘SECURITY SYSTEM FOR

SCHOOL CHILDREN AND WOMAN

TRANSPORT’

Name of Supervisor: Dr.Vijay Khare

Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering

Name of External: Dr. Garima Kapur

Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering
Name of External: Dr. Archana Pandey
Assistant Professor, Electronics and Communication Engineering

Name of Student:
Aditya Shrivastava
(Enrollment Number: 15102146)

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the Degree

of Bachelor of Technology
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING
JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, NOIDA
 INDEX

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1) ABSTRACT/ SYNOPSIS 3

2) INTRODUCTION 4

3) PROPOSED SYSTEM 5-6

4) PROJECT FLOW 7

5) CONCLUSIONS 8

6) REFERENCES 9
 ABSTRACT

This project represents the technological approaches for detecting and monitoring fatigue
levels of driver fatigue. This system also deals with component monitoring on the roads as
late recognition of objects also key role as cause of accidents. Curved roads also lead to the
most fatal car accidents at night time. Many new types of cars accidents tend to occur as a
consequence many new technologies continue to emerge and many are now in the
development, validation testing, or early implementation stages. Previous studies have
reviewed available fatigue detection and prediction technologies and methodologies. As the
name indicates this project is about advanced technologies in cars for making it more
intelligent and interactive for avoiding accidents on roads. By using ARM7 (Raspberry Pi)
this system becomes more efficient, reliable and effective. There are very less number of
systems implemented on human behaviour detection in or with cars. In this project, the aim is
to implement a real-time safety prototype that controls the vehicle speed under driver fatigue.
The purpose of such a model is to advance a system to detect fatigue symptoms in drivers and
control the speed of vehicle to avoid accidents. The main components of the system consist
of number of real time sensors like gas, eye blink, alcohol, fuel, impact sensors and a
software interface with GPS and Google Maps APIs for location.
 INTRODUCTION

Proposed System:
Intelligent systems are in used with every aspect of systems, CARs are the critical systems
which are real time and lives are involved. This System not only deals with component
monitoring, does even more than that like Passenger activity monitoring, Behaviour analysis,
System behaviour, Notification & co-ordinate.
Eye blink Sensor & Alcohol detection are the vital and of great importance from the
perspective of passenger safety and traffic safety. Impact detection and notification is also
one of the life saving and critical information provider system.
The Existing Advance System Found in High End Cars:

3.1 ABS (Anti-Locking Braking System):

ABS works with your regular braking system by automatically pumping them. In vehicles not
equipped with ABS, the driver has to manually pump the brakes to prevent wheel lockup. In
vehicles equipped with ABS, your foot should remain firmly planted on the brake pedal,
while ABS pumps the brakes for you so you can concentrate on steering to safety.

3.2 EBD (Electronic brake-force distribution):

Electronic brake-force distribution (EBD or EBFD), Electronic brake-force limitation (EBL)
is an automobile brake technology that automatically varies the amount of force applied to
each of a vehicle's brakes, based on road conditions, speed, loading, etc. always coupled with
anti-lock braking systems.

3.3 SRS Air Bags (Supplemental Restraint

System Air Bags):
An airbag is a vehicle safety device. It is an occupant restraint consisting of a flexible
envelope designed to inflate rapidly during an automobile collision, to prevent occupants
from striking interior objects such as the steering wheel or a window, the sensors may deploy
one or more airbags in an impact zone at variable rates based on the type and severity of
impact; the airbag is designed to only inflate in moderate to severe frontal crashes.

3.4 Immobilizer:
An immobilizer is an electronic device fitted to an automobile which prevents the engine
from running unless the correct key (or other token) is present. This prevents the car from
being “hot wired” after entry has been achieved.

3.5 Parking Sensors:

Parking sensors are proximity sensors for road vehicles which can alert the driver to unseen
obstacles during parking man oeuvres. Parking sensors generally fall into two categories.
i) Electromagnetic parking sensors
ii) Ultrasonic parking sensors.

3.6 Cruise Control:

Cruise control (sometimes known as speed control or auto cruise) is a system that
automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system takes over the throttle of the
car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver.
3.7 Adaptive Headlamp Systems:
Because the static headlamp just provides certain illuminating fields for drivers in the
nighttime and is insufficient to serve for curved roads and intersection, Advanced Front-
lighting System (AFS), has been proposed by many researchers and is catching increasing
interest. Adaptive Front-lighting Systems (AFS) swivel the headlight beams in advance of the
vehicle's turning. This places light into the turning radius, with the result that the driver's
cornering visibility being dramatically improved.

Tentative Model of the prototype:

Hardware Description
The heart of system is MICROCONTROLLER which will access the data. This project will
use Raspberry Pi. To measure temperature of car there will be a temperature sensor. To
convert the output of sensor into electrical form we will use signal conditioning (transducer).
As controller operates only on digital data, so this analog data is to be converted into digital
form by using ADC. But ADC is inbuilt in ARM processor. So the output of the signal
conditioner circuit is directly connected to ARM processor. Similarly LPG gas sensor is
connected to ARM using signal conditioner circuit. The temperature meter indicates the
temperature of engine body. It also indicates the overheating of the vehicle by announcing
frequent beeps. For distance & speed measurement purpose we are going to use RPM
counter.
Nowadays the vehicles have a mechanical speedometer. The speedometers we have made use
the digital technique. This displays the speed of vehicle in km/hr. The disc rotates through the
optical assembly having infrared LED and phototransistor. The total assembly gives the
digital pulses from which we can derive the RPM and speed of the vehicle.

The LPG gas leakage detector is used to detect the gas leakage and indicate it with the help of
buzzer to driver that there is gas leakage. If the driver is found to have alcohol in the breath, it
warns and then turns the ignition off and hence possibility of accident is avoided. Also we
have designed an eye blink sensor which continuously monitors the number of times the eye
blinks, if the eye blinks count decreases that means the driver is sleepy, in that case a buzzer
is operated. If accident happened by using impact sensors we are able to found out on which
side the impact occurred. After collecting all information which is stored in internal memory,
μC send this data to base or surveillance unit via SMS using GSM modem.
All this data will store in EEPROM & display on LCD also on computer whenever the
accident switches are pressed which are placed on the wall of car.
 IMPLEMENTATION

5.1 MQ-3 gas sensor: MQ-3 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Alcohol, and has good
resistance to disturb of gasoline, smoke and vapour. The sensor could be used to detect
alcohol with different concentration; it is with low cost and suitable for different application.
Also it has Long life and low cost and simple drive circuit.

5.1.1Application
* Vehicle alcohol detector
* Portable alcohol detector

5.2 MQ-6 gas sensor: MQ-6 gas sensor has high sensitivity to Propane, Butane and LPG,
also response to Natural gas. The sensor could be used to detect different combustible gas,
especially Methane; it is with low cost and suitable for different application.

5.2.1Application
* Domestic gas leakage detector
* Industrial Combustible gas detector
* Portable gas detector

5.3 GPS Receiver: The GPS smart receiver features the 16 channels, Ultra low power GPS
architecture. This complete enabled GPS receiver provides high position, velocity and time
accuracy performances as well as high sensitivity and tracking capabilities. Thanks to the
ultra low power CMOS technology, the GPS receiver is ideal for many portable applications
such as PDA, Tablet PC, smart phone etc.

5.3.1 Applications:
*Automotive
*Personal/Portable Navigation (PDA)
*Geographic Surveying
*Sports and Recreation

5.3.2 Benefits to User

*Ultra low power consumption
*Easy and fast to install
*Superior urban canyon performance
*Low cost with high performance
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 CONCLUSIONS

It is due to the driver’s fatigue, traffic accidents keep with a yearly increasing of a high rate.
This paper shows the new fatigue detection algorithms & techniques using eye blink, alcohol,
impact, gas, etc. sensors. In this technique the fatigue will be detected immediately and
regular traps the events driver and third party. Through research presented in this paper, we
propose an intelligent car system for accident prevention and making the world a much better
and safe place to live.

We continuously scan for various parameters of car, such as fuel, engine temperature, speed,
steering position, eye blink and alcohol sensors, as soon as impact id detected more and
alcohol sensors, as soon as impact id detected more impact related sensors comes in pictures.
The μC stores all this data in the internal memory.

If the driver is found to have alcohol in the breath, it warns and then turns the ignition off (if
μC is set with threshold values is set. Also applicable to other sensors too) and hence
possibility of accident is avoided. Also we have designed an eye blink sensor which
continuously monitors the number of times the eye blinks, if the eye blinks count decreases
that means the driver is sleepy, in that case a buzzer is operated.

If accident happened by using impact sensors we are able to found out on which side the
impact occurred. After collecting all information which is stored in internal memory, μC send
this data to base or surveillance unit via SMS using GSM modem.

On the base side we receive the data such as engine temperature, fuel, speed, eye blink status,
alcohol level, impact etc. and also the GPS co-ordinates on the online Google maps. The PC
unit has the online VB software which graphically shows all the data to the analyst so that the
reasons of crash or accident can be understood better.
 REFERENCES

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[4] Vehicle-highway automation activities in the United States. U.S. Dept of
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[5] C. Thorpe, J.D. Carlson, D. Duggins, J. Gowdy, R. MacLachlan, C. Mertz,
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[7] Qiang Ji, Zhiwei Zhu, and Peilin Lan, Real-Time Nonintrusive Monitoring
and Prediction of Driver Fatigue. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular
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[8] http://www.google.co.in/imghp?hl=en&tab=wi