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Lecture 1 - RF Front End Design

This document discusses transceiver architectures and link budget analysis. It begins by describing key receiver parameters like signal to noise ratio, selectivity, and sensitivity. It then discusses the radio frequency front-end and its role in maximizing performance. Finally, it explains link budgets and link margin in communication system design.

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Sharmaine Arabelle Marcos
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316 views19 pages

Lecture 1 - RF Front End Design

This document discusses transceiver architectures and link budget analysis. It begins by describing key receiver parameters like signal to noise ratio, selectivity, and sensitivity. It then discusses the radio frequency front-end and its role in maximizing performance. Finally, it explains link budgets and link margin in communication system design.

Uploaded by

Sharmaine Arabelle Marcos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transceiver Architectures

Link Budget Analysis


References

ECE 113: Communication Electronics

January 18, 2018

ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

Review

Figure 1: Basic Communication System Block Diagram

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

Table of contents

1 Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
RF Front-End

2 Link Budget Analysis

3 References

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Mobile Phones

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

AM Radio Architecture

Figure 2: (A) Block Diagram (B) Circuit Schematic

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

”Key” Performance Parameters

Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)

Selectivity

Sensitivity

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

SNR

Ratio of desired signal power to noise power


Measured at the input (SN Rin ) and output (SN Rout )
Dependent on several system parameters: modulation
scheme, IF filters’ group delay distortion, detector linearity
and distortion, ...
Unit: decibels (dB)
other variations
S+N
Signal plus noise to noise ratio ( )
N
Signal plus noise plus distortion to noise ratio (SINAD)

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Selectivity

capability to screen out unwanted signal and to pass


(select) the desired signal
Can be achieved at a different stages in a superheterodyne
receiver by using selective components at the RF, IF, and
baseband stages
Should be as high as possible close to the antenna to
remove large interfering signals before they enter the active
devices

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Sensitivity

need to detect very weak signals in the presence of noise


translates directly into communication distance and
reliability
can be improved by:
increasing transmitter power
increasing antenna aperture
improving noise performance of receiver system

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Sensitivity

Noise Floor
determines its sensitivity to low level signals and its
capability of detecting and demodulating those signals
amount of noise produced by the receiver’s internal
circuitry which directly affects the sensitivity of the receiver

Minimum Detectable Signal (MDS)


signal power at the antenna input terminal of the receiver
required to produce some standard SNR value
M DSin (dBm) = −174dBm + 10log(B) + N Fsys

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Figure 3: SNR situation for minimum and good reception

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Other Receiver Architectures

Figure 4: (A) Direct Conversion Receiver (B) Superheterodyne Receiver


S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics
Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

RF Front-End
”Everything” between the antenna and baseband signal
filters
low noise amplifiers
direct conversion mixers

Can be designed to maximize resources, weigh trade-offs


and achieve the best communication performance
sets the stage for possible bit-error-rate (BER) at final bit
detection

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Receiver Parameters
Link Budget Analysis
RF Front-End
References

Figure 5: Typical CDMA System Specification

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

Link Budget

Path Loss
Accounts for the free-space reduction in signal strength
with distance between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver
(Rx)
4πR
Lo (dB) = 20log( )
λ
NOTE: frequency-dependence

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

Link Margin

In practical communication systems, it is usually desired to


have the received power level greater than the threshold
level required for the minimum acceptable quality of
service (usually expressed as the minimum carrier to noise
ratio (CNR) or minimum SNR)
design allowance
level of robustness to the system to account for other
variables that may affect its performance
sometimes called fade margin
typically range from 3 dB to 10 dB

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics


Transceiver Architectures
Link Budget Analysis
References

References

1 C. Bowick, RF Circuit Design. 2nd ed. Newnes. 2008


2 J. Carr, RF Components and Circuits. Newnes.
3 L. Frenzel, Communication Electronics. 2nd ed.
Macmillan/McGraw-Hill. 1994.

S. Cheng ECE 113: Communication Electronics

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