Iching Power - MLM PDF

Every thing in the world holds yang and caries
yin. Yin and yang interact with each other to

achieve harmony.
— Laozi (老子)
DISCOVERY PUBLISHER
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Author : Dejun Xue (薛德钧)

Editor : Adriano Lucchese
Chinese Ink Artwork:

Huang Pingping, Zhuhai, China (黄萍萍，中国广东省珠海市)
Chinese Calligraphy:
Zhang Chuanxu, Dali, China (张川旭，中国云南省大理市古城)
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i The Power of I Ching
Preface
I
Ching, IS A CHINESE SPELLING of the Chinese characters 易经[Yì
Jīng], which means “change”. 6,500 years ago, when there was no
written language, the Chinese philosophy of I Ching was created.
Completely abstract, its core is “yin and yang,” eight trigrams and
sixty-four hexagrams, which are fully elucidated in this book.
This book is composed of two parts:

• PART I: introduces I Ching
• PART II: explains the texts associated with the hexagrams
Those who wish to consult I Ching right away, may spend less than
an hour reading the first chapter (for love story, about 13 pages) or the
second chapter (for business, about 10 pages), follow the example on
selecting a hexagram, and then find the advice from the associated text
in Part II, “Commentary on I Ching Text.”
Those who wish to know the I Ching way of thinking, or the Chinese
culture, may just read Part I. Readers who have a strong interest in I
Ching, wanting to appreciate the depth of insight of I Ching or research
it, may read through the entire book.
i • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Preface ii
Origin and interpretations

of I CHING
I Ching was created 6,500 years ago. As stated in Zhou

Li (~ 1100 BC), there are three versions of I Ching: Gui
Cang Yi (归藏易/歸藏易), Lian Shan Yi (连山易/連山
易) and Zhou Yi (周易). All three address eight trigrams
and sixty-four hexagrams.
Around 500 BC, Confucius and his disciples

compiled ten commentaries (十翼) on Zhou Yi. These
commentaries emphasize Confucianism, and provide
instruction on how to handle fifty yarrow sticks for
divine reading. Later on, around 200 AD, Zhou Yi and
the commentaries were combined, into what is known
today as I Ching.
Based on fifty years’ experience in science and research

on Chinese classics, the author of “The Power of I Ching”
reveals the true nature of I Ching and how to use it to
live in harmony with others and benefit yourself.
Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • ii

iii The Power of I Ching
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE i
ORIGIN AND INTERPRETATIONS OF I CHING ii
PART ONE xii
INTRODUCTION TO I CHING xii
CHAPTER 1: ENJOY SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE 1

1 Eight Images 2
4 THUNDER 3
5 FIRE 4
6 LAKE 4
7 HEAVEN 4
3 WIND 5
2 WATER 6
1 MOUNTAIN 6
0 EARTH 7
2 Subject and Object 8
3 I Ching Text 9
4 Follow The Example 12
CHAPTER 2: I CHING IN BUSINESS 15
CHAPTER 3: YIN AND YANG 25

1 Instances of Yin and Yang 25
2 Yin and Yang are Natural Complements 26
iii • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Table of Contents iv
3 Definition of Yin and Yang 27

4 The nature of Yin and Yang 29
5 The Rule of Harmony 31
6 Becoming a Peacemaker 32
CHAPTER 4: TRIGRAMS 35
1 A Primitive Sundial 35
2 Image of Trigrams 35
1 THUNDER 36
2 FIRE 36
3 LAKE 37
4 HEAVEN 37
5 WIND 37
6 WATER 38
7 MOUNTAIN 38
8 EARTH 38
3 Value of Trigrams 39
4 Seasonal Cycle 43
5 The Seasonal Change in Reality 45
6 Selecting Trigram 49
CHAPTER 5: SIGNIFICANCE OF THE “THREE LINES” IN TRIGRAM 51
1 Bottom Line: Action 51

2 Middle Line: Essence 53
3 Top Line: Attitude 56
4 The Personal Trigrams in Reality 59
CHAPTER 6: HEXAGRAM 62
1 Subject Trigram and Object Trigram 62
2 Titles of Hexagrams 66
3 Importance of ID number of Hexagram 67
4 Conversion from ID numbers to serial number in Zhou Yi 68
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v The Power of I Ching
CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF HEXAGRAMS 71

1 Special Hexagrams 72
1 HEXAGRAMS 5:2 AND 2:5 73
2 HEXAGRAMS 7:Ø AND Ø:7 74
2 Complementary Lines 76
3 Correctness of Positions 77
4 The Central Lines Correct and Complementary 78
5 Supporting or Suppressing 78
6 Analysis of hexagrams for Relationship 80
CHAPTER 8: CHANGES 84
1 Favorable Change 85
2 Manageable Change 87
3 Natural Change 89
4 Making the Right Strategy 93
CHAPTER 9: I CHING TEXT 96
1 Title 96
2 General Text 97
3 Texts of Lines 99
4 Seeing the Possible Changes 102
5 Verbatim Translation 104
MOVING FORWARD 105
PART II: COMMENTARY ON I CHING TEXT 107
CHAPTER 10: WHEN EARTH ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 110

1 Hexagram Ø:Ø Earth (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 2) 110
2 Hexagram Ø:1 Deprivation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 23) 116
v • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Table of Contents vi
3 Hexagram Ø:2 Closeness (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 8) 120

4 Hexagram Ø:3 Watching (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 20) 125
5 Hexagram Ø:4 Delight (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 16) 130
6 Hexagram Ø:5 Promotion (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 35) 134
7 Hexagram Ø:6 Gathering (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 45) 138
8 Hexagram Ø:7 Denial (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 12) 143
CHAPTER 11: WHEN MOUNTAIN ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 148

1 Hexagram 1:Ø Modest (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 15) 148
2 Hexagram 1:1 Stop (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 52) 152
3 Hexagram 1:2 Lame (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 39) 156
4 Hexagram 1:3 Gradual (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 53) 160
5 Hexagram 1:4 Tolerance (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 62) 165
6 Hexagram 1:5 Travel (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 56) 170
7 Hexagram 1:6 Enjoyable (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 31) 175
8 Hexagram 1:7 Flee (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 33) 179
CHAPTER 12: WHEN WATER ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 184

1 Hexagram 2:Ø Army (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 7) 184
2 Hexagram 2:1 Ignorance (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 4) 189
3 Hexagram 2:2 Pitfall (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 29) 194
4 Hexagram 2:3 Flood (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 59) 198
5 Hexagram 2:4 Solution (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 40) 203
6 Hexagram 2:5 Imperfect (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 64) 207
7 Hexagram 2:6 Adversity (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 47) 212
8 Hexagram 2:7 Sue (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 6) 216
CHAPTER 13: WHEN WIND ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 222

1 Hexagram 3:Ø Rising (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 46) 222
2 Hexagram 3:1 Bugs (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 18) 226
3 Hexagram 3:2 Well (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 48) 230
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vii The Power of I Ching
4 Hexagram 3:3 Yield (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 57) 234

5 Hexagram 3:4 Persistence (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 32) 239
6 Hexagram 3:5 Cauldron (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 50) 243
7 Hexagram 3:6 Overburden (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 28) 248
8 Hexagram 3:7 Encounter (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 44) 253
CHAPTER 14: WHEN THUNDER ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 258

1 Hexagram 4:Ø Return (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 24) 258
2 Hexagram 4:1 Care (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 27) 263
3 Hexagram 4:2 Prospect (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 3) 267
4 Hexagram 4:3 Gain (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 42) 271
5 Hexagram 4:4 Shock (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 51) 275
6 Hexagram 4:5 Bite (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 21) 279
7 Hexagram 4:6 Follow (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 17) 283
8 Hexagram 4:7 Innocence (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 25) 287
CHAPTER 15: WHEN FIRE ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 292

4 Hexagram 5:Ø Hurt (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 36) 292
2 Hexagram 5:1 Ornament (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 22) 297
3 Hexagram 5:2 Perfect (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 63) 301
4 Hexagram 5:3 Matriarch (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 37) 305
5 Hexagram 5:4 Totality (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 55) 310
6 Hexagram 5:5 Brightness (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 30) 314
7 Hexagram 5:6 Change (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 49) 319
8 Hexagram 5:7 Coalition (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 13) 323
CHAPTER 16: WHEN LAKE ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 328

1 Hexagram 6:Ø Approach (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 19) 328
2 Hexagram 6:1 Loss (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 41) 332
3 Hexagram 6:2 Limitation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 60) 336
4 Hexagram 6:3 Sincerity (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 61) 340
vii • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Table of Contents viii
5 Hexagram 6:4 Marry (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 54) 344

6 Hexagram 6:5 Stare (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 38) 348
7 Hexagram 6:6 Pleasure (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 58) 353
8 Hexagram 6:7 Treading (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 10) 356
CHAPTER 17: WHEN HEAVEN ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 361

1 Hexagram 7:Ø Peace (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 11) 361
2 Hexagram 7:1 Build Up (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 26) 366
3 Hexagram 7:2 Expectation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 5) 370
4 Hexagram 7:3 Accumulation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 9) 375
5 Hexagram 7:4 Reckless (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 34) 379
6 Hexagram 7:5 Acquisition (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 14) 384
7 Hexagram 7:6 Menace (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 43) 388
8 Hexagram 7:7 Heaven (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 1) 393
APPENDIX 399
VERBATIM TRANSLATION OF I CHING TEXT 412
Hexagram Ø:Ø • Earth ( ) 412

Hexagram Ø:1 • Deprivation ( ) 412
Hexagram Ø:2 • Closeness ( ) 413
Hexagram Ø:3 • Watching ( ) 413
Hexagram Ø:4 • Delight ( ) 414
Hexagram Ø:5 • Promotion ( ) 414
Hexagram Ø:6 • Gathering ( ) 415
Hexagram Ø:7 • Denial ( ) 415
Hexagram 1:Ø • Modest ( ) 416
Hexagram 1:1 • Stop ( ) 416
Hexagram 1:2 • Lame ( ) 417
Hexagram 1:3 • Gradual ( ) 417
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ix The Power of I Ching
Hexagram 1:4 • Tolerance ( ) 418

Hexagram 1:5 • Travel ( ) 418
Hexagram 1:6 • Enjoyable ( ) 419
Hexagram 1:7 • Flee ( ) 419
Hexagram 2:Ø • Army ( ) 420
Hexagram 2:1 • Ignorance ( ) 420
Hexagram 2:2 • Pitfall ( ) 421
Hexagram 2:3 • Flood ( ) 421
Hexagram 2:4 • Solution ( ) 422
Hexagram 2:5 • Imperfect ( ) 422
Hexagram 2:6 • Stranded ( ) 423
Hexagram 2:7 • Sue ( ) 423
Hexagram 3:Ø • Rising ( ) 424
Hexagram 3:1 • Bugs ( ) 424
Hexagram 3:2 • Well ( ) 425
Hexagram 3:3 • Yield ( ) 425
Hexagram 3:4 • Persistence ( ) 426
Hexagram 3:5 • Cauldron ( ) 426
Hexagram 3:6 • Overburden ( ) 427
Hexagram 3:7 • Encounter ( ) 427
Hexagram 4:Ø • Return ( ) 428
Hexagram 4:1 • Care ( ) 428
Hexagram 4:2 • Prospect ( ) 429
Hexagram 4:3 • Gain ( ) 429
Hexagram 4:4 • Shock ( ) 430
Hexagram 4:5 • Bite ( ) 430
Hexagram 4:6 • Follow ( ) 431
Hexagram 4:7 • Innocence ( ) 431
Hexagram 5:Ø • Hurt ( ) 432
Hexagram 5:1 • Ornament ( ) 432
ix • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Table of Contents x
Hexagram 5:2 • Perfect ( ) 433

Hexagram 5:3 • Matriarch ( ) 433
Hexagram 5:4 • Totality ( ) 434
Hexagram 5:5 • Brightness ( ) 434
Hexagram 5:6 • Change ( ) 435
Hexagram 5:7 • Coalition ( ) 435
Hexagram 6:Ø • Approach ( ) 436
Hexagram 6:1 • Loss ( ) 436
Hexagram 6:2 • Limitation ( ) 437
Hexagram 6:3 • Sincerity ( ) 437
Hexagram 6:4 • Marry ( ) 438
Hexagram 6:5 • Stare ( ) 438
Hexagram 6:6 • Pleasure ( ) 439
Hexagram 6:7 • Treading ( ) 439
Hexagram 7:Ø • Peace ( ) 440
Hexagram 7:1 • Build Up ( ) 440
Hexagram 7:2 • Expectation ( ) 441
Hexagram 7:3 • Accumulation ( ) 441
Hexagram 7:4 • Reckless ( ) 442
Hexagram 7:5 • Acquisition ( ) 442
Hexagram 7:6 • Menace ( ) 443
Hexagram 7:7 • Heaven ( ) 443
UNDERSTANDING BINARY NUMBERS 444
INDEX 446
COPYRIGHTS 452
Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • x

PART ONE
Introduction to I Ching
Happiness in Love
Enjoy Successful Marriage 14
CHAPTER 1
Enjoy Successful Marriage
Y
ou probably know at least one couple like Karen and
Ronald, who, after eight years of marriage, is beginning to drift
apart.
Karen is a musician who likes reading novels in her spare time.
Ronald is a physician whose work is very demanding. In the first few
years of marriage, they frequently went out for dinner, dancing, a movie,
or a concert. Gradually Ronald changed that pattern, saying he was tired
and preferred to relax at home, reading medical journals and writing
academic articles. He asked Karen to resign from her job, to take care
of their children and provide home-cooked meals.
At first she went along with the change, but her resentment over her
loss of freedom and independence grew. She saw her future as an end-
less round of cooking and cleaning, and nothing to discuss at dinner-
time but the children’s sports and her husband’s work.
Now Karen is unsure about her options. Since they no longer go out
together, she feels that she has little in common with Ronald. She un-
derstands that he has very little free time and is absorbed in his profes-
sional life, but she thinks it’s unfair of him to want her to give up her
own interests and pleasures.
In the following months, she struggles to be the kind of wife her hus-
band seems to expect, but she can’t help feeling neglected and restless.
Her manner unsettles Ronald. He feels that he works very hard all day
and deserves tranquility and pleasantness at home. He can’t understand
what has disturbed their happiness. He begins to spend less and less
Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 14

15 The Power of I Ching
time with Karen, retreating into his study as soon as possible after din-
ner so he doesn’t have to think about what might be bothering his wife.
To find a way out, Karen is seeking help from I Ching.
1 Eight Images
As she washes dishes alone in the kitchen, Karen wonders why she has
so little to show for all the sacrifices she has made. She feels like water
that has been constrained in a bottle.
Water is one of the eight images associated with the Eight Trigrams.
A trigram is a set of three lines, one above the other, each of which
could be solid ( ) or broken ( ). You can see that the eight trigrams,
shown in the diagram below, represent all of the ways the various com-
binations of three solid and/or broken lines could occur. There could
never be any more trigrams because there are no other possible ways to
construct a set of three lines with only two types of lines. Historically, in
China, the eight trigrams associate the images of: Thunder, Fire, Lake,
Heaven, Wind, Water, Mountain and Earth as shown in the diagram.
There are two sides to most things which the Chinese call yin and yang.
In our trigrams the broken line is called a yin line and the solid line is
called a yang line. You will see the importance of this in later chapters.
Figure 1.1: Eight Trigrams
15 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

In the previous diagram, each trigram is drawn with its image. This
circle of trigrams is very familiar to every Chinese person, and to you,
too, if you have spent time in China or Chinese shops in other cities. The
bottom line of the trigram is the line closest to the center of the circle
and the top line is the one on the outside. So each trigram has a bottom
line, a middle line and a top line. In addition to their images, in this
diagram each trigram has been assigned an ID number from 4, 5, 6, 7,
3, 2, 1 and 0. Consider trigram 4, thunder. Its bottom line is a solid line
or a yang line and the middle and top lines are both broken or yin lines.
Now, let’s look at the eight images one by one.
4 THUNDER
Thunder usually comes abruptly and loudly. It is frightening. It sounds
like a huge explosion, shocking and vibrating and often preceding a tor-
rential rain. Even low, rumbling thunder -- in remote skies on a clear
summer day -- shatters tranquility, and threatens rain. Thunder impacts
life, but, in itself, causes very little damage and does not directly result
in immediate serious consequences.
A person would be assigned the Thunder image if he were:
• a newborn baby
• a new employee
• dating for the first time in a new relationship
• a challenger
• a creator
• starting a new business
• embarking on an adventure
• launching a new offensive action
• angry

5 FIRE
Fire is bright and hot. Its airless center is cooler and dim. It always
flames upward, but clings to flammable material and consumes oxygen.
A person would be assigned the Fire image if he were:
• a teenager
• a recently promoted employee
• an inventor
• on the offence, and making progress
• a smart person
• beautiful, handsome, fashionable, or sexy
• running a good business with high sales
• boastful
• falling in love, trying to get to know his partner
6 LAKE
The symbol refers to a geographical area that abounds in rivers and
lakes. These areas are rich in fish and grains. The scenery is beautiful
and enjoyable.
A person would be assigned the Lake image if he were:
• an adult in his twenties
• happy and pleasant
• rich
• successful
• emotionally mature
• gaining high profits in business
• healthy
• enjoying happiness or peace of mind
• in a sweet relationship
7 HEAVEN

Heaven is a donor. It donates energy, light, heat and rain to the earth.
Its power is mighty and uncontrollable. Heaven is above it all, at the top
position, unreachable and untouchable.
A person would be assigned the Heaven image if he were:
• a mature adult, in his thirties
• powerful
• domineering
• a leader, officer, CEO, manager, supervisor, police
• controlling a monopoly, dominating, or having great success
• running a business with the best product
• a champion
• trying to control, to manipulate, or to use others
• a teacher
• marrying, (at the highest position of the cycle of love)
3 WIND
Wind blows everywhere. It can go through anything that is open to it,
even a tiny hole. If something blocks its way, it detours around, over or
under the obstacle. Wind acts with real power, bestowing a cool, chilly
feeling, and may even cause serious damage.
A person would be assigned the image of “Wind” if he were:
• middle aged, after thirties
• following, supporting, or inflating the ego of others for his own
benefit regardless if the others were right or wrong
• not successful in business, but trying to use discounts, financing,
advertising, etc. to keep afloat
• holding power, but trying to cover wrongdoing with fraudulent
evidence, lying
• very tired after hard work
• resigned from a position and trying to do something else.

• cleaning up after a party as the guests are leaving

• trying to do what is easy and feasible; taking the easy path.
2 WATER
Water exists all over the world, and inside every living thing. Water
moves downward only; it never flows upward by itself. It can be con-
tained in a lake, constricted by the banks of a river, held back by a dam,
or even kept in a bottle or a cup.
A person would be assigned the image of Water if:
• he were close to retirement age; his effective work energy were
limited
• he were suffering loss in business and could find no way to im-
prove it
• he were sick
• he were having difficulty making a correct decision
• he were facing a dangerous situation
• he were bound by a contract or agreement, limiting his freedom
• he were in a battle situation and unable to extricate himself
• he were unable to decide upon a course of action
• he were losing money, his business were in recess, or facing a bad
market
• he were in conflict with others in a relationship
1 MOUNTAIN
Mountains are tall, and they stop everything that approaches. Mountains
are stable, never changing position. Mountainous areas often have beau-
tiful scenery, but are tiring to climb. Mountains look huge, but normally
do not exhibit great power to damage or threaten human life, except in
the instance of volcanoes, rock slides or collapsing ledges.
A person would be assigned the image of “Mountain” if he:

• were retired, finished working

• insisted on a position, or refused to negotiate
• refused to communicate with others
• split up a relationship
• were a dictator
• defended a stronghold resolutely
• isolated himself
• were stubborn
• became bankrupt, or could not pay his debts
• tried to stop a present action
0 EARTH
Earth is still. It receives energy from heaven, as well as light, heat, and
rain. Living things on the earth adapt to the changes imposed by the
heavens. Earth is nurturing, sustaining all living things, like a mother
caring for her children. Earth is in a lower position. If we consider
Heaven as being above, we think of Earth as below.
A person would be assigned the Earth trigram if he were:
• like students or others with unrealized potential
• jobless, with nothing to do, not moving (still), receiving benefits
(nurturing) from society
• divorced -- free, leaving the constraints of marriage
• caught by police -- yielding, subordinate
• a senior, advanced in years -- still, receiving care from outside,
with few demands
• in an unknown place, unknown market, unknown country, un-
known group
• trying to be calm and waiting for a chance
• relaxed, enjoying peace
• involved in a business that has closed

• ending a relationship
Among the eight images, water is the only one that can represent Karen’s
situation. She selected trigram 2 for herself.
Next, she turns to analyzing Ronald’s situation and has to acknowledge
that he hasn’t made an active effort to improve their relationship. He is
like the rocky mountain, standing still without caring about her situation
and making it difficult for her to enjoy their marriage. The Mountain im-
age fits best with his situation. She selected Trigram 1 for her husband.
2 Subject and Object

She puts Trigram 1 on top of Trigram 2, resulting in Hexagram 2:1.
Figure 1.2: Hexagram 2:1, Ignorance
2:1 is the ID number of the hexagram Karen made and indicates that
the trigram representing Karen is Trigram 2 and the one representing
Ronald is Trigram 1. Because the assessment is from Karen’s view, Karen
is the subject and Ronald is the object. The trigram referring to the sub-
ject is a subject trigram and the one referring to the object is an object
trigram. In a hexagram, the subject trigram is on the bottom, and the
object trigram is on the top.

The lines in a hexagram are counted from bottom to top. The names
of the lines are derived by adding the nature, Yin or Yang, and the line
number.
3 I Ching Text
In Part II of this book, there are texts of 64 hexagrams. For each hexa-
gram, the text is in three parts:
1. Title
2. General text, explaining the relationship, in general
3. Texts of lines, referring to each line
According to Part II of this book, the title of Hexagram 2:1 is Ignorance,

which immediately gives Karen some idea that she and Ronald have a
lot to learn about harmonious relationships. She reads the general text
for Hexagram 2:1.
Things are going smoothly.

The teacher says,
“It is not I seeking pupils,
but the pupils beg me.
The question will be answered the first time.
The repeated questions,
which show impertinence,
will not be answered.”
It is beneficial to stay on the current course.
This text suggests to Karen that staying with her husband is benefi-
cial, but she should not be too obedient to his ignorant demands: “The

question will be answered the first time. The repeated questions, which
show impertinence, will not be answered.”
Then she goes on to read the texts for each line of the hexagram
Ignorance.
Yin 1
The teacher shows the ignorant the model,
who feels the freedom gained from learning,
like getting rid of fetters and handcuffs.
It is mean to ask pupils to do too much.
The text suggests that Karen should make an effort for her husband,
even if it’s very limited -- like a teacher exposing an ignorant student to
the “model, who feels the freedom gained from learning, like getting
rid of fetters and handcuffs.” Then it is up to her husband to learn from
this example; Karen should not push her husband too forcefully: “It is
mean to ask pupils to do too much.”
Yang 2
Taking care of an ignorant person is favorable
To marry a woman is favorable.
The woman might give birth to a son,
who will grow up and become a householder.
The text suggests Karen do something for her husband: “Taking care
of an ignorant person is favorable.” Despite the fact that her husband
is stubborn and uncooperative, this care could turn out to be valuable:
If you marry an ignorant woman, she may not be smart, but her child
might prove capable of being a householder.
Yin 3

Do not marry a woman

who seeks a wealthy man,
and loses possession of herself.
It is not beneficial.
The text suggests that Karen should not be too humble and agreeable,
if her husband pursues his own goal, only. “Do not marry a woman, who
seeks a wealthy man, and loses possession of herself.” If Karen behaves
too humbly and agreeably, “it is not beneficial.”
Yin 4
Dealing with weary ignorance
is mean.
The text tells Karen that her husband is like a tired, ignorant student
who just wants to sleep or leave the class. Karen needs to compromise.
If Karen tries to overcome this sluggishness she seems mean.
Yin 5
Teaching youthful ignorance
is favorable.
The text tells Karen that her husband is in a weak position, like anyone
who displays “youthful ignorance.” He needs help from Karen. While
Karen helps her husband, Karen also gains. That is favorable for Karen.
Yang 6
Teach violent ignorance
that it is beneficial not to be a robber,
but to be a defender against robbers.

The text suggests that her husband is in the grip of “violent ignorance.”
Karen should help her husband change this rough attitude, and bring
out the best in her husband, teaching that “it is beneficial not to be a
robber, but to be a defender against robbers.”
From the texts above, first, Karen learned that she needs to talk with
her husband like a teacher, tutor, and a student. After Karen talked
with Ronald, he understood that staying home every night is making
her feel restless and bored. Second, she learned that she needs to take
care of her husband like “an ignorant person”. She engaged in a discus-
sion with her husband and decided to hire a babysitter and go out the
following weekend.
Karen and Ronald look forward to enjoying many more years of a suc-
cessful marriage, following the change that they were fortunate enough
to rediscover.
4 Follow The Example

You may want to follow the example above, selecting two images for
you and for the others, making a hexagram, and looking at the attached
texts in Part II of this book.
You must first take the time to become familiar with the eight trigrams
presented above, in order to begin to understand the process used to
evaluate relationships and decision making. Once this familiarity has
become second nature, it is a simple matter to consider a person or a
situation in terms of one of the trigrams. But you don’t have to be an
expert to make use of this information. This book provides the expertise
for you and eventually, you will discover that you need not refer to it as
often. Later on in this book, the fundamental qualities of each trigram
will be discussed in more detail.

If you wish to use I Ching immediately, with no further interest in

knowing the insight of I Ching, you may skip the next chapters. If you
prefer to know more about I Ching, continue reading.
To enjoy a successful marriage, remember: if there are any problems,
do the following three steps:
• Select two images: one for you, and one for your spouse.
• Make a hexagram, your trigram on bottom, your spouse’s
trigram on top.
• Look at the corresponding texts of the hexagram.

Success in Business
I Ching in Business 28
CHAPTER 2
I Ching in Business
V
icki and Carol are having dinner at Friendly’s. Vicki asks
Carol, “What are you going to do this weekend?”
“Drive to Macy’s,” Carol said.
“I will be going to Kohl’s,” replied Vicki. “The clothes there
are cheaper.”
“I used to shop at Kohl’s,” said Carol. “But I switched to Macy’s. We
customers are like the wind, blowing to and fro. We like to go where the
quality of merchandise, or the service, or the price is better.”
”I agree,” said Vicki. “Customers are like the wind.”
“That is trigram 3,” replied Carol.”
“What?”
“Trigram 3 of I Ching. It’s associated with the wind image.”
A trigram is a symbol with three lines. The lines may be solid or bro-
ken; the solid line symbolizes yang, and the broken line denotes yin.
Yang and yin are the concepts in Chinese philosophy. In general, yang
closely resembles the nature of heaven, while yin closely resembles the
nature of earth.
There are eight possible combinations of three lines with two types;
therefore, three lines with the two types, yang or yin, make eight trigrams.
The eight trigrams associated with eight images are as shown below:

Figure 2.1: Eight Trigrams
The three lines of the trigram associated with wind are yin, yang and
yang. If we replace yang line with 1, and yin line with 0, this trigram
becomes 011, a three digit number of the binary number system. The
value of binary number 011 is 3. “3” is the numeric value of this trigram,
unique in eight trigrams and serves as its ID number. That is why Carol
said the nature of customers can be expressed with trigram 3.
“Which trigram is for Macy’s?” Vicki asks.
“Macy’s is successful in business,” Carol replied.
“How can a business succeed?” Vicki asks.
“It must perform as trigram 4, like thunder,” Carol said.
“Why?”
To make the best strategy for business, the company has to adapt well
to its market. If we have a trigram representing its customers, we need
to choose a trigram to represent the company. From the view of the
company, the company is the subject, while the customer is the object.
The trigram representing the subject is a subject trigram, and the tri-
gram representing the object is an object trigram. Two trigrams, with
the subject trigram under the object trigram, form a hexagram. The ID
of the combined hexagram is the combination of the two component
trigrams with “:” between, such as 4:3 (Be aware, it is just an ID, not a

ratio). Each hexagram has a unique title.

Since there are eight trigrams, when the object trigram is trigram 3,
there are eight options for selecting an object trigram to form a hexa-
gram.
Figure 2.2: Options of subject trigrams
The IDs and titles of the resultant hexagrams are:

0:3 Watching
1:3 Gradual
2:3 Flood
3:3 Yield
4:3 Gain
5:3 Matriarch
6:3 Sincerity
7:3 Accumulation
From the eight titles shown above, we know that hexagram 4:3 is the
best choice. Its title is Gain, meaning the company will gain from the
relationship with customers. The three lines of trigram 4 representing
the company are yang, yin and yin, while the three lines of trigram 3,
representing customers, are yin, yang and yang. The corresponding lines
on both of them are yang with yin, or yin with yang. That is to say, all
of the lines in this hexagram are complementary, in the best status of

harmony. In the world, everything naturally tends to be in harmony.

Harmony is favorable, while discord is unfavorable. Like the sounds of
music, the sounds in harmony are enjoyable and help us feel good, while
the sounds in discord create the opposite effect.
You may be aware, that the sum of the IDs of the two component tri-
grams of hexagram 4:3 is 7. If the sum of the IDs of the two component
trigrams of a hexagram is 7, the component trigrams are complementary.
In general, if the two IDs of component trigrams in a hexagram is 7, the
hexagram might be favorable to the subject; although, it is not the only
criteria for favorability of a hexagram, as can be noted in latter parts of
this book. Therefore, if the object trigram is known, you might select a
complementary trigram as a subject trigram, and make a strategy, be-
having as the image associated with the subject trigram.
In I Ching, a hexagram associates with a text (I Ching text) that com-
ments on the hexagram. Below is the I Ching text for hexagram 4:3.
General Text: (Comment on the whole hexagram)

It is beneficial to go further.
It is beneficial to cross a big river.
Texts of Lines: (Comment on each line of the hexagram. Yang 1 and

Yin 2, etc. denote the name of the line, yang and yin denote the nature
of the line, and 1 and 2, etc. denote the location of the line, counting
from bottom to top)
Yang 1
This situation is promising for great work,
It is very favorable and blameless.

Yin 2
It is impossible to refuse the contribution of
A tortoise worth ten pairs of seashells.
It is favorable to stay on this course forever.
The king performs a ritual
Praying to his ancestors for favor.
It is favorable.
Yin 3
Receiving help at a bad time
Is blameless.
Holding a jade tablet and
Speaking gingerly,
Like walking in the middle of a road,
One advises the lord.
Yin 4
One speaks with the lord gingerly.
The lord accepts one’s advice.
Based on that,
The capital is relocated.
Yang 5
Sincerity makes people feel better.
Certainly it is very favorable.
Sincerity makes me want to be more virtuous.
Yang 6
Do not help

But beat.
Not persistently being virtuous
Is unfavorable.
The text describes how the situation is favorable to the company. The
text for line 3 and 4 advises the company to provide the best service to
the customers, like a servant holding a jade tablet, which was used by the
servants of the emperor as a symbol of their sincerity and trustworthi-
ness. The servants choose words and actions deliberately, like walking
carefully in the middle of a road. The customers are like a “lord” fol-
lowing the advice of a servant and relocating the capital of the country.
The text of line 5 stresses sincerity in the service of the company.
The text of line 6 advises how the company has to deal with the cus-
tomer, who is not sincere, but rude and bossy.
“Does Macy’s act like thunder?” asks Vicki.
“Yes. Macy’s often gives a big impact, like the loud exploding sounds
of thunder,” responds Carol.
“What?”
“I receive coupons from Macy’s almost every month,” said Carol. “Some
coupons offer 20% off, some offer $20 off with a purchase of $50 or more.
I bought two shirts for $45, then I added one pair of slacks for $5.25. I
was charged only $30.25 plus tax, for two shirts and one pair of slacks.
I receive advertisements from Macy’s every other week and find inter-
esting items in them. Recently, I bought a beaver fur coat.”
“A beaver fur coat must be very warm,” claims Vicki.
“I believe so. I saw beavers while touring Denali. To nest, the lively
animals built their lodges on the surface of lakes. As they live in such
a cold area, their fur must be very warm. They swim and dive through
water in order to enter their lodges, so their skin and fur must be strong.
I think beaver fur is good fur, so I wanted to have a beaver fur coat.”

“Well, why don’t you buy a beaver fur coat from Alaska?”
“I tried. I found a web site www.denalifur.com displaying many pic-
tures of beaver fur coats. But when I clicked on the item that interested
me, I was instructed to call for pricing. I don’t know why they don’t like
to post their price. Then I sent them an email, telling them I wanted
a woman’s 44” long, beaver fur coat with hat, size PL, and asked for
their price. When I did not receive any response that day, I called the
company the next night, and a lady confirmed that they did receive my
email. She asked me, ‘How much do you want to spend?’ You know, I
hate questions like that.”
“Me too,” interjected Vicki. “Why should we expose our privacy to
them?”
“I asked,” Carol continued, ”‘How much do you want?’ She told me,
‘Seven to eight thousand dollars.’ I said, ‘Okay, please send me some
pictures showing the options for the coat I want.’ She promised to do
so but a week passed before I received the pictures.
“That is not nice,” Vicki said.
“That afternoon I received a phone call from them stating they would
like to custom make a long beaver fur coat with hat for me for $3,800
dollars, with free shipping.”
“They dropped the price!”
“Yes,” Carol replied, “The price was good. But the call came too late.
I had already bought a coat. Do you understand what this company is
like?”
“Their performance is not like thunder.”
“Correct,” replied Carol. “They are like a mountain. When we, the wind,
blow to them, they stand still, not moving, even blocking us.”
“Did you get your coat from Macy’s.”
“Not Macy’s in Smith Haven Mall, but the one in Manhattan.”
“How did you know Macy’s in Manhattan had the beaver coat you

wanted?”
“When I drove to Macy’s in Smith Haven Mall, I was very disappoint-
ed. All the fur coats there were made of mink. But the attitude of the
saleslady was so great. She comforted me and made several calls for me.
Finally, she found Macy’s in Manhattan, their biggest store, had beaver
fur coats. She said she could order one for me, and have it shipped free
to my home. However, I preferred to go to Macy’s in Manhattan, and
try on the coat before buying it. So I drove to Macy’s in Manhattan and
do you know what?”
“What?”
“I found a beaver fur coat that fit me just right. The length is below
my knees, and shoulder, chest and sleeves fit me very well. The hat, a
hood, lies on my shoulder like a shawl collar. Most interesting is, it’s
my favorite color.”
“Well. Good for you.”
“The price was very good, as well. With 50% off the original price,
which was $5,995 and another 20% off from my coupon, plus tax, I
paid only $2,608.65.”
“That’s even cheaper than the offer from the Alaskan fur company.”
“So many exciting events come from Macy’s. Macy’s performs just like
thunder. And that is what I believe: to run a successful business, the
company must behave like thunder.”
“It makes sense,” agreed Vicki. “Apple Computer is also a success.
Mac, Iphone, Ipad, etc. are so many loud explosions of thunder emit-
ted from Apple.”
“There are so many computer makers in the world; all of them make
black boxes of laptops, but only Apple made the exception,” exclaims
Carol. “Their Mac is so delicate, even its power socket is magnetic, help-
ing users to easily connect their laptops to AC.”
“My son is a business man,” said Vicki. “I will tell him that the best

strategy to run a business, is to behave like thunder.”

“Thunder is not the only option, as there are eight options. The other
options are certainly not very bad, but they do require some improve-
ments,” explained Carol. “For example, hexagram 6:3 is another option.
Its title is Sincerity. That implies the company needs to be more sincere
when dealing with customers. Even if the company behaves like a moun-
tain, the corresponding hexagram is 1:3, titled Gradual, and the situation
is not too bad for the company. The general text of hexagram 1:3 says:
The marriage is favorable to the lady.

Staying on the current course is beneficial.
In the text, the ‘lady’ refers to the company. The business might still
benefit the company, but the progress might be very slow, the company
needs to be ‘staying on the current course’ ”
“So,” said Vicki, “acting like thunder is the best option for the com-
pany, serving customers with more explorations, more discoveries, and
more creations.”
“Yes,” said Carol. “It is true. However there is a predefined condition
that the customers must be like the wind.”
“How do we achieve that?”
“Marketing. Investigate what the people want, and make sure people
will come to buy like a strong wind during a thunderstorm, not a weak
wind.”
“That makes sense,” said Vicki. “But I have a question. When trigram
3 is used for customers and trigram 4 is used for company, they can
make two hexagrams. If we locate trigram 3 under trigram 4, we get
hexagram 3:4. What is that?”
Carol: “It is the situation from the customer’s point of view. In this
case, customers are the subject, while the company is the object. The

hexagram shows how the customers should deal with the company.”
“Interesting.”
“The title of hexagram 3:4 is Persistence. That means if the company
is like thunder, always exciting us with good products or nice service,
we should do business with it persistently.”
To use I Ching as a tool for making life strategies, remember to do the
following three steps:
Find a trigram associated with an image which best fits with the situ-
ation of the others.
• Select a complementary trigram for yourself.

• Pile the two trigrams up with your trigram beneath the tri-
gram for others. Follow the instructions of its title and text.

Yin and Yang 38
CHAPTER 3
Yin and Yang
W
hen my friend Carl shouted angrily at his wife, Linda,
she remained quiet and calm. Once his storm was over, he
said to his wife, “I’m sorry I lost my temper. I love you.”
Linda waited until then to ask Carl, “Why did you do
that?”
Even though she never learned about I Ching, Linda naturally used
the rule of harmony of yin and yang to keep her marriage stable. When
her husband was verbally abusing her, she remained quiet. She used yin
to deal with yang. When Carl apologized to her, he was in retreat and
defensive ; so, she took a yang action, asking him why he had been so
angry, to shed light on their situation.
1 Instances of Yin and Yang

Understanding yin and yang is the gateway to understanding and using
I Ching. If you understand yin and yang, you will find that our compli-
cated and perplexing world is, at its heart, quite simple.
No exact English translation exists for yin or for yang. The words should
be directly imported from Chinese; otherwise, we risk losing the sense
of their abstract, universal nature.
The Chinese people have no difficulty in comprehending and using the
concepts of yin and yang in daily life. In Chinese, the sunny side of the
mountain is called “shan yang,” and the shady side is called “shan yin.”
The solar calendar is called “yang li,” and the lunar calendar is “yin li.”

An introvert might be described as “very yin”; an extrovert is “yang.”

But the concept of yin and yang is confusing to Western people. Yin and
yang were translated as darkness and brightness, yielding and firm, soft-
ness and hardness, female and male, evil and good. This is insufficient.
Darkness, softness, femininity, and evil are particular instances of yin
but not expressions of its entire meaning. Brightness, hardness, mascu-
linity, and goodness can be aspects of yang, but are not synonyms for it.
Often people try to explain yin and yang in terms of paired opposites:
night and day, winter and summer, cold and hot, female and male, de-
fensive and offensive, software and hardware, conservative and creative,
lower and upper, evil and good, closed and open, inner and outer, nega-
tive and positive, back and forth, off and on, no and yes, minus and plus,
etc. These pairs are instances of yin and yang, but their mutual exclusivity
can be misleading. Opposite implies that the two qualities are in conflict
with each other, and yin and yang are complementary to each other.
In a family, for instance, a husband is yang, and the wife is yin. If they
are opposites, always in conflict, how can they live happily together?
2 Yin and Yang are Natural Complements

Yin may be used to represent the background of a sheet of paper while
yang represents the black characters on that sheet, together they make
the display of a text possible. When you take a shower, the hot water is
yang, and the cold water is yin. You adjust the two taps to ensure that the
water is a comfortable temperature for you. In a classroom, the teacher
is yang, and the students are yin: a complementary give-and-take be-
tween teacher and students makes learning possible.
You may have heard that yang is positive, and yin is negative, but this
is an oversimplification. Modesty, kindness, grace, and flexibility are
positive traits, and they are instances of yin. And we think of arrogance,

Yin and Yang 40
roughness, brutality, and stubbornness as negative characteristics, but

they are representations of yang.
Most people reveal themselves as combinations of yin and yang per-
sonality traits that can be positive or negative. If you are hiring a new
employee, you have to choose among the applicants. Let’s say the first
has little experience but is modest and willing to learn. The inexperience
is a negative value and can be represented by yin; the modesty is a posi-
tive virtue and can also be considered yin. The second candidate is well-
qualified but arrogant -- the excellence in job performance, a positive
quality, is yang, while the arrogance, a negative, is also yang. In this case,
the better choice-yin or yang-depends upon the particulars of that job.
A very common misunderstanding is the assumption that yin is fe-
male and yang is male. This is only partially correct. A woman may be
associated with yin when she gives birth and nurtures a child; but when
a male drunk driver is caught by a female police officer, you cannot say
that the male driver is yang and the female officer yin. In that scenario,
the reverse is true: The female officer is yang because she is in a posi-
tion of power, and the male drunk driver is yin because he has to yield
to the commands of the female officer.
3 Definition of Yin and Yang

Of all the philosophies we humans have devised to grasp our existence,
only I Ching uses yin and yang by expressing them with trigrams. The
Bible begins with heaven and earth, demonstrating that the ancient
Western people also recognized these as two fundamental elements of
their changing world.
Later Western thinkers, from Plato to Hegel, spoke in terms of oppo-
sites and developed dialectics to describe the states of “being” and “non-
being.” They also mentioned “becoming” -- the middle state between

“being” and “nonbeing” -- but very vaguely. I Ching and only I Ching
elaborates and describes this middle plane of existence where most of
us conduct our life.
The ancients noticed that between summer and winter, between night
and day, interesting and important stages, such as autumn or sunrise,
occurred. Looking for ways to combine the symbols for yin and yang
that would also describe these vital in-between stages, they devised the
trigrams and hexagrams of I Ching.
The broken line ( ) is a symbol of yin. The solid line ( ) is a sym-
bol of yang.
Yin is defined by Trigram Ø ( ), which defines yin as the nature
of earth. (Ø means there is no yang line in this trigram.) This trigram
is a symbol of pure yin, consisting of three yin lines. The name of this
trigram is Earth, or “Kun” in Chinese. We can understand that yin is
a general abstract concept, representing the nature of earth. Since a
mother nurses a baby, just as the earth nurtures all living things, the
female nature is yin.
Hexagram Ø:Ø ( ) -- built by combining two Trigram Øs -- is also
titled “Kun.” The I Ching text for this hexagram says: “It is better to stay
on the current course like a docile mare.” This image of the gentle mare
is useful to keep in mind while envisioning the nature of pure yin: like
the earth nurturing living things, like a mother kindly and gently car-
ing for a child.
Yang is defined by Trigram 7 ( ), consisting of three yang lines. (Seven
means the highest possible amount of yang.) The name of this trigram is
“Heaven” -- in Chinese, “Qian” -- which is also the name of Hexagram
7:7 ( ), built by combining two trigrams of pure yang.
The character “Qian” appears in the I Ching text twice for Hexagram
7:7, where it says, “The gentleman is qian qian all day,” suggesting that
the gentlemen struggles all day, in the way heaven moves around the

Yin and Yang 42
earth, ceaselessly and persistently. The text also repeatedly uses the im-
age of a dragon to describe the nature of yang, beginning with “a hiding
dragon” and “a dragon appearing in a field,” then “a dragon jumping out
of an abyss,” and finally “a dragon flying in the sky.” When you think of
pure yang as the nature of heaven, envision a dragon expressing power,
strength and mobility.
4 The nature of Yin and Yang

You probably realize now that the complementary concepts of yin and
yang represent a natural balance -- what the ancients saw as the eternal
interaction between heaven and earth. This vital force, sometimes cre-
ating and sometimes destroying, was so crucial to their survival, that
they used yang and yin to describe the elements necessary to achieve
harmony, resolution, and peace. Even today the clearest way to experi-
ence the true nature of yin and yang is to regard them in terms of earth
and heaven.
The ancient people of China sought explanations for the way their world
changed. With sundials they observed the shortening and lengthening
of days, and they noticed cycles in months and years. By studying this
constant interplay between heaven and earth, they concluded that yang
symbolized the characteristics of heaven, and yin symbolized aspects of
earth. Heaven, they decided, is the donor of energy and strength, mov-
ing and active. Earth is the receptor of energy, nurturing living things,
gentle, passive, and still.
These concepts of yin and yang may apply to all things, from nature
to the human condition. For example, the day is yang because heaven
is bright, and the night is yin because the earth does not generate light.
Wealth is yang and poverty is yin because heaven is rich in energy and
earth can get energy only from heaven. Arrogance is yang, and humil-

ity is yin because from the ancient people’s perspective, heaven was in
the top position and earth was below.
Heaven was important to these people for obvious reasons: it gave
sunlight, water, and air. Earth was equally important, as the source of
nourishment. Heaven and earth were the two supreme conditions of
their survival. Through observation and experience, the ancients found
parallels between the cycles of heaven and earth and the changes in
their own life.
Watching the rising and setting of sun and stars, they saw heaven as
moving around the earth. Based on this relationship, they concluded
that heaven is dynamic and earth is static. Because heaven gives sun-
light and earth receives it, yang gives and yin takes. Yang is active, and
yin is passive.
Can you see this contrast between active yang and passive yin in ev-
eryday life? Of course. Trying to initiate or improve a friendship is yang;
trying to withdraw from a relationship or alienate a friend is yin. Active
communication is yang; isolation is yin. A creative attitude is yang, and
a conservative attitude is yin. Adventure is yang, caution is yin; revolu-
tion is yang, preservation is yin. Asking, inquiring, and researching are
yang; answering, waiting, and pondering are yin.
Another defining difference between yin and yang has to do with po-
sition. Looking at heaven, a human being will suppose that heaven is
higher than earth. So in society, a high position is yang, and a lower rank
is yin. The boss is yang; a subordinate is yin. A high value or number is
yang; a low one is yin. Arrogance is yang; humility is yin. Strength and
domination are yang; flexibility and yielding are yin. The head is yang;
the feet are yin.
One more basic difference between heaven and earth will help you cat-
egorize elements in your life as yin or yang. The heavens were a mystery
to prehistoric people. Sunlight, clouds, vast spaces, the Sun, the Moon,

Yin and Yang 44
and the stars were all so far away, no one could touch or measure them.
Earth was more tangible to them. Mountains, lakes, fields, rivers, woods,
animals, and all earthly things could be directly felt and measured. As
a result, yang describes abstract aspects of life, and yin applies to the
concrete. Emotions, thoughts, and dreams are yang; sensations, con-
versations, and experiences are yin. Watching a bird fly across the sky
is yang; having a bird perch on your finger is yin.
5 The Rule of Harmony

So far you have learned how to define the concepts of yin and yang.
But how do you recognize these forces at work in real-life situations?
This is the key to everything you will learn in the rest of this book. Once
you know how to conceptualize situations in terms of yin and yang, you
will be able to use I Ching to achieve harmony. Here are some examples:
When bananas were on sale, Bob bought three pounds. Now that ba-
nanas cost 68 cents per pound, he only buys a half a pound. Decreasing
prices are yin, and increasing prices are yang. Bob benefited by purchas-
ing more (yang) when prices were low, and buying less (yin) when the
price of bananas rose. He answered yin with yang, and then yang with
yin, harmonizing with the changes in his situation.
When the audience was sitting quietly (yin), Phyllis made a speech to
explain her opinion. When someone raised his hand (yang), she stopped
talking and listened carefully to the question. This balancing of yin with
yang achieved harmony between the speaker and the audience.
Yin and yang have long been considered so powerful and mysterious,
incorrectly depicted in legend as two epic polar forces or spirits, or two
primal cosmic principles that determine destinies or fate. Yin and yang
certainly play their part in great myths, but are also at work daily in the
smallest details of life. Their power comes from the tendency always to

arrive at harmony, the balance of yin and yang. Harmony brings hap-
piness; discord leads to disaster.
In Daodejing, Laozi says, “Nothing in the world is softer and weaker
than water, but, for attacking the hard and strong, there is nothing like
it! For nothing can take its place. That the weak overcomes the strong,
the soft overcomes the hard, this is something known by all, but prac-
tised by none.”
Consciously or unconsciously, we apply (or fail to apply) this rule of
harmony to all aspects of our existence. When a teacher is strict in as-
signing homework (yang), the student is wise to listen carefully and obey
(yin). After being laid off, an employee who immediately hunts for a
new job is using yang action to defeat yin unemployment.
In The Art of War, Sunzi (4ØØ-32Ø B.C.) suggested, “When the en-
emy advances, I retreat; and when the enemy retreats, I advance.” This
theory regards war as a particular relationship between two sides, “I”
and “the enemy,” and suggests the use of yin (retreating) to deal with
yang (advancing), and vice versa.
The concept of yin and yang and the rule of harmony apply to all rela-
tionships, from war to love, from the office to the home. It is necessary
to understanding a relationship fully from both sides and to keep yin
and yang in harmony. This is the role of the peacemaker, and I Ching
is the peacemaker’s essential guide.
6 Becoming a Peacemaker
Even when the forces of yin and yang coexist in harmony, you are not
living in a perfect world. Harmonizing these forces successfully does
mean that your life can flow toward a peaceful resolution, whereas dis-
cord dictates that trouble lies ahead and any problem you have is bound
to get worse. This rule of change is the foundation of the I Ching text,

Yin and Yang 46
which tells you how to become a peacemaker, not a troublemaker, in

complex situations.
You know that any family or team functions best when all its members
are in harmony, with a balance of yin and yang. In real life, however,
to heal the problems in a relationship, you are usually a member of the
family or team rather than standing outside the system. As a peacemak-
er, you have to apply the rule of harmony from within the relationship,
dealing yang for yin, and yin for yang.
Of the two sides involved in a relationship, one or both might be the
peacemakers and create or restore harmony. In a situation where both
sides cannot win, the rule of harmony favors the peacemaker. Linda was a
peacemaker. Her husband realized his wrongdoing and apologized to her.
Carl’s situation is less clear. He might or might not be better off with
the harmony that Linda was able to restore to their marriage. What if
his objective in picking a fight with Linda was to give himself an excuse
for having an extramarital affair? Then he was actually a troublemaker
who failed to achieve his desired goal.
When caught in the middle of a storm, not everyone can be a natural
peacemaker like Linda. In the next chapter, you will learn how to un-
derstand change in terms of the universal I Ching symbols. This will
help you achieve the perspective of an outside observer, a peacemaker,
even when you are in the eye of a storm.
Remember, be a peacemaker:
• Deal yang for yin,

and yin for yang.

“I Ching” in ancient Chinese Calligraphy
Trigrams 48
CHAPTER 4
Trigrams
W
hen we first met Harry, he was jobless, having been
laid off when his technology company went out of business.
Then he found a job at AFR, a software company. He was
successful in his career and promoted. However, after ten
years, he resigned from AFR and became jobless again. This cycle is a
regular change which can be represented by The Eight Trigrams.
1 A Primitive Sundial
In Chinese, the word for trigram, 卦 [guà], is a symbol for a primitive
sundial, made from a stick stuck into the ground. The left part symbol-
izes a pile of soil, 圭 [guī], made up of two characters meaning dirt, 土
[tǔ], one piled on top of another. The right part symbolizes the stick
with a shadow,卜 [bǔ].
At the time of Fuxi (~4500 B.C), ancient people used these simple sun-
dials to track changes in the stick’s shadow as the sun moved across the
heavens. These observations allowed them to measure how the length of
a day changes during the course of a year. They recognized a predictable,
cyclical pattern of the days being shortest in winter and longest dur-
ing summer. They created the Eight Trigrams to reflect this basic truth:
2 Image of Trigrams
Chapter 1 introduced how to select a trigram by pondering the visual

images; i.e., Thunder, Fire, Lake, etc., associated with them. Each has
its own characteristics. They are, in sequence:
1 THUNDER
A typical characteristic of thunder is movement. It does not refer to
specific kinds of movement, such as running, flying, or throwing, but
rather to the impulse of movement itself: starting, initiating, or setting
out to accomplish something. The image of thunder stresses the vibrat-
ing, shocking impact of this force on others, and also implies an asso-
ciated weakness, such as that of a newborn, a newly emerging force.
Thunder usually comes abruptly and loudly. It is frightening. It sounds
like a huge explosion, shocking and vibrating and often preceding a tor-
rential rain. Even low, rumbling thunder -- in remote skies on a clear,
summer day -- shatters tranquility, and threatens rain. Thunder impacts
life, but, in itself, causes very little damage and does not directly result
in immediate serious consequences.
2 FIRE
The typical characteristics of fire are brightness and a tendency to cling.
Positive attributes include cleverness, talent, and an ability to shine or
succeed; negative qualities can be rage, recklessness or roughness.
Fire is bright and hot. Ancient people used fire to cook food, to light
their dark cave homes, to illuminate a rocky path at night, to warm
themselves in cold seasons, to chase away dangerous animals, to defend
themselves, and to communicate with each other. Sometimes, wild fires
burned woods, injuring or killing people. Fire is bright on the surface,
but its airless center is cooler and dim. It clings to flammable material
and consumes oxygen. Its yang action always flames upward.

Trigrams 50
3 LAKE
The typical characteristic of lake is pleasure. This not only describes
a general feeling, but also the joy that flows from an exhilarating ad-
venture, a successful mission, and an optimistic prospect, as well as a
graceful, flexible and modest manner.
The symbol refers to a geographical area that abounds in rivers and
lakes. We can imagine the pleasure of the ancient people as they came
down a steep, rocky mountain path to a flat meadow by the lake, where
they might find small animals, easily hunt for food, and encounter
fresh water to drink. The lake attracts people and gives them a feeling
of pleasure.
4 HEAVEN
The typical characteristic of heaven is strength -- not only physical
power, but also creativity, aggressiveness, offensive action, and also
recklessness, a rough attitude, and arrogance.
Heaven is a donor. It donates energy, light, heat and rain to the earth.
Its power is mighty and uncontrollable. Heaven is above it all, at the top
position, unreachable and untouchable.
5 WIND
The typical characteristic of wind is flexibility. This can mean adapt-
ability or a willingness to yield, but also a threatening blow and a great
power.
Wind blows everywhere. It can go through anything that is open to it,
even a tiny hole. If something blocks its way, it detours around, over or
under the obstacle. Wind acts with real power, bestowing a cool, chilly
feeling, and may even cause serious damage.

6 WATER
The typical characteristics of water are danger and difficulty. This can
be danger and difficulty that one faces or that one imposes on others.
Water exists all over the world, and inside every living thing. In an-
cient times, rivers were huge obstacles in overland travel. Floods bring
disaster, and someone who falls into water can drown. Water moves
downward only; it never flows upward by itself. It can be contained in
a lake, constricted by the banks of river, held back by a dam, or even
kept in a bottle or a cup.
7 MOUNTAIN
The typical characteristic of mountain is to stop or block.
Mountains are tall, and they stop everything that approaches. Mountains
are stable, never changing position. Mountainous areas often have beau-
tiful scenery, but are tiring to climb. Mountains look huge, but normally
do not exhibit great power to damage or threaten human life, except in
the instance of volcanoes, rock slides or collapsing ledges.
8 EARTH
The typical characteristic of earth is adaptability. This means respond-
ing to others without resistance, strength, or roughness; gently, docilely,
and peacefully.
The earth is still. Ancient people believed that the earth does not move.
The earth is a receiver. It receives energy from heaven, as well as light,
heat, and rain. Living things on the earth adapt to the changes imposed
by the heavens. The earth is nurturing, sustaining all living things like
a mother caring for her children. The earth is in a lower position. If we
consider heaven as being above, we think of earth as below.
A thorough comprehension of the characteristics of the Eight Images
will help you select the trigram that best fits a real situation. It will also

Trigrams 52
help you understand and interpret the meaning of the trigram you have
selected. Use these images to verify whether a trigram you have selected
or built line by line accurately reflects reality.
3 Value of Trigrams
Confucius and his disciples described how the I Ching was developed:
“The I Ching has Taiji. The Taiji produces two forms. The two forms
produce four images. The four images produce the eight trigrams.”
Based on this description, the famous scholar Shao Yong (1011—1077
A.C) drew this formation:
Figure 4.1: From Taiji to Eight Trigrams
Before yin and yang were shown as broken and solid lines, the trigrams
were expressed by ancient numbers -- even for yin, odd for yang. If we
use Ø for yin and 1 for yang, we can see that the Eight Trigrams are
eight numbers.
A number expressed with only the two digits, Ø and 1, is called a binary
number. Binary numbers are very frequently used in science and technol-
ogy; for instance, a light turned off or on can be indicated with Ø or 1.
So in the first step, one yin and one yang, Taiji divides into two forms:
Ø and 1. The binary numbers branch out from there:

Figure 4.2: Taiji divides into eight binary numbers
After reading this chapter, you will be able to look at a trigram and
know its number immediately.
In an earlier section, you looked at the Eight Trigrams arranged in a
circle. If you put them into a straight line instead, with pure yin at one
end and pure yang at the other, the sequence looks like this:
Figure 4.3: The sequence of eight trigrams in one row
You can see that moving in from either end, the trigrams go from pure
yin or yang toward a center point of reversed images. (Compare Earth
to Heaven, Mountain to Lake, Water to Fire, and Wind to Thunder.)
In this movement to the center, the top lines alternate between yin and
yang; the middle lines seem to alternate in pairs -- two yin, two yang, or
two yang, two yin; and the bottom lines remain the same, yin or yang:

Trigrams 54
Figure 4.4: Change of Yin and Yang in Eight Trigram Row
Now turn each of the trigrams in a clockwise direction and position

them as a third row of symbols:
Figure 4.5: Turning trigrams to vertical
Substituting zero (Ø) for yin and one (1) for yang, you obtain the se-
ries of binary numbers:
Figure 4.6: Yin line comes up with 0, yang line with 1
If counting by zeros and ones seems confusing to you, don’t worry:

you can convert these binary numbers into the Arabic numerals we
normally use, as shown in the fifth row, starting from Ø and increasing
by 1 from left to right:

Figure 4.7: Values of trigrams
These numbers, zero through seven, uniquely identify each trigram

and can be used as their ID numbers. Below are the ID number and
binary number for each trigram.
Figure 4.8: ID numbers are the values of trigrams
Can you figure out the shape of a trigram from its ID number? To find
the symbol for Trigram 4, its binary number is 1, Ø, Ø or one, zero, zero.
Since 1 is yang and Ø is yin, the structure of Trigram 4 always build-
ing from the bottom line up -- is yang, yin, yin, or . You can use this
same procedure for any of the eight trigrams.

Trigrams 56
Figure 4.9: Eight Trigrams with Seasons
Look at the Eight Trigrams with Seasons. Trigram 7 ( ), at the top

of the calendar wheel, is pure yang, with three yang lines. It serves as
the symbol for summer, when days are longest. Trigram Ø ( ) is pure
yin, with three yin lines to symbolize winter, when days are shortest.
The three trigrams on the left, 4 ( ), 5 ( ) and 6 ( ), represent
the increasing length of days from winter to summer. And the three on
the right, trigrams 3 ( ), 2 ( ) and 1 ( ), signify the shortening of
each day from summer to winter.
4 Seasonal Cycle
After observing the movements of the sun, the moon, and the stars
and passing down the information from generation to generation for
thousands of years, the ancient people were ready by the time of the
Yellow Emperor (~2500 B.C) to devise a calendar. They designated
twenty-four solar periods in one year, corresponding roughly to the
term from a new moon to a full moon and another term from the full
moon back to a new moon.
Below is a list of these divisions in the Chinese calendar. The Chinese
New Year starts around the end of January. Then:

The Beginning of Spring February 3rd - February 5th

Rain Water, February 18th - February 20th
The Waking of Insects March 5th - March 7th
The Spring Equinox March 20th - March 21th
Pure Brightness April 4 - April 6th
Grain Rain April 19 - April 21th
The Beginning of Summer May 5th - May 7th
Grain Full May 20th - May 22th
Grain in Ear June 5th - June 7th
The Summer Solstice June 21th - June 22th
Slight Heat July 6th - July 8th
Great Heat July 22th - July 24th
The Beginning of Autumn August 7th - August 9th
The Limit of Heat August 22th - August 24th
White Dew September 7th - September 9th
The Autumn Equinox September 22th - September 24th
Cold Dew October 8th - October 9th
Frost’s Descent October 23th - October 24th
The Beginning of Winter November 7th - November 8th
Slight Snow November 22th - November 23th
Great Snow December 6th - December 8th
The Winter Solstice December 21th - December 23th
Slight Cold January 5th - January 7th
Great Cold January 20th - January 21th
I Ching reveals four phases common in nature based on the observa-

tion of changing days and seasons. You see these same four stages in all
forms of nature -- in the germination, growth, bloom, and going to seed
of annual plants; the birth, growth, maturity, and death of animals; the
beginning, developing, climax, and decline of all things. In this manner

Trigrams 58
all change normally occurs along a spiral track.

So the Trigrams represents one cycle in the spiral track, starting from
Trigram 4 ( ), through Trigram 5 ( ), 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 3 ( ), 2
( ), 1 ( ), and ending with Trigram Ø ( ). Each trigram marks a
stage of three solar terms in this cycle.
There are two key points: one is between Trigram 0 and Trigram 4,
when the value jumps from Trigram Ø ( ) to Trigram 4 ( ), it in-
dicates a newborn thing. And the other is between trigram 7 ( ) and
Trigram 3 ( ), when the value drops 3, indicating a thing is declining
after reaching its peak position.
5 The Seasonal Change in Reality

To understand better how this seasonal sequence can correspond to the
natural stages in our life, let’s look at Harry and the changes in his career.
When Harry has been laid off from work, life resembles the Winter
Solstice, when the days are shortest and the future seems depressingly
limited. Trigram Ø ( ), Earth, applies to this period of three solar
terms:
After a successful interview, Harry starts a new job at AFR, a software

company, and this begins a new cycle for him. His status can now be
represented by Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder, because his new beginning
is comparable to the change from winter to spring, like the first of the
twenty-four terms:
Slight Cold January 5th - January 7th
Great Cold January 20th - January 21th

The Beginning of Spring February 3rd - February 5th
After the first few weeks at his new job, Harry begins to feel comfort-
able with his environment, like a plant getting rain in the early spring.
He is intrigued and excited, like a butterfly emerging from a cocoon in
the time of “The Waking of Insects.”
As Harry learns what is expected of him at AFR and starts to cooper-
ate with his coworkers, his boss and colleagues recognize his knowl-
edge, talent, and capability. This period is like new, bright green leaves
sprouting over a vast field in the Spring Equinox. His status can now
be represented by the next stage of the Pre-heaven Eight Trigrams,
Trigram 5 ( ), Fire:
Rain Water February 18th - February 20th
The Waking of Insects March 5th - March 7th
The Spring Equinox March 20th - March 21th
The good performance he is able to display after becoming familiar

with his job corresponds to “Pure Brightness,” and Harry is convinced
that AFR is the right place for him. With the appreciation he receives
and the sought-after assignments, he begins to feel like a growing and
thriving plant being showered with “Grain Rain.”
After a few years, Harry earns a gratifying promotion and supervises
a team of software engineers. With this he proceeds to the “Beginning
of Summer,” when it is hot but still comfortable. His status can be rep-
resented by Trigram 6 ( ), Lake:
Pure Brightness April 4 - April 6th
Grain Rain April 19 - April 21th
The Beginning of Summer May 5th - May 7th
With Harry as its leader, the team produces a record amount of good

Trigrams 60
work, like wheat coming into “Full Grain.” Word of his achievements
spreads throughout the company, and Harry acquires strength and
power, like grain showing sharp ears.
Harry is made the head of his department, replacing the boss who had
hired and encouraged him. This success feels to him like the “Summer
Solstice,” when the days are longest and most full, as represented by
Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven:
Grain Full May 20th - May 22th
Grain in Ear June 5th - June 7th
The Summer Solstice June 21th - June 22th
With company-wide expectations focused on him, Harry begins to

feel uncomfortable, as in a time of “Slight Heat.” He discovers that he’s
not a natural leader who enjoys taking risks but a competent engineer
who prefers what is easy and safe. As Harry’s department labors under
increased performance goals, his situation resembles the time of the
“Great Heat,” when people look for a shelter for protection against the
sun’s harmful rays. Harry learns that when mistakes are discovered,
he takes the blame solely because department heads occupy such a
high-profile position. He keeps a lower profile and puts less effort into
his work. This period of cynicism corresponds to the “Beginning of
Autumn,” when the temperature starts dropping and plants stop pro-
ducing new leaves. This time when growth slows or stops is represented
by Trigram 3 ( ), Wind:
Slight Heat July 6th - July 8th
Great Heat July 22th - July 24th
The Beginning of Autumn August 7th - August 9th
Now comes the “Limit of Heat,” when Harry’s work seems repeti-
tive and boring. Dissatisfaction sets in. His long commute to the office

from home wears him down, and the benefits offered by AFR are less
attractive than those offered by other companies. This is like the time of
the “White Dew,” when moisture appears on the grass in morning and
one’s footing may slip. Although Harry keeps working, he also consid-
ers leaving AFR.
Harry’s realization that his work no longer excites or fulfills him comes
like the “Autumn Equinox,” when days and nights are equally long. His
cooling attitude can then be represented by Trigram 2 ( ), Water:
The Limit of Heat August 22th - August 24th
White Dew September 7th - September 9th
The Autumn Equinox September 22th - September 24th
After this stage, he works with less enthusiasm, like grass covered with
the “Cold Dew.” By the time he turns in his resignation, he is feeling
the “Frost’s Descent,” when the smooth sailing is behind him and icy
patches cover the road ahead.
When the process of negotiating his resignation starts, everyone at
AFR hears that Harry will be leaving. Many coworkers give him a wide
berth. This is like the “Beginning of Winter,” when the world gets cold,
represented by Trigram 1 ( ), Mountain:
Cold Dew October 8th - October 9th
Frost’s Descent October 23th - October 24th
The Beginning of Winter November 7th - November 8th
Harry’s last days at AFR are like the time of the “Slight Snow,” when
all the doors and windows must be closed. Once he leaves the company,
he enters the “Great Snow,” when the road is covered with high drifts,
vision is obscured, and driving becomes difficult. As Harry stays home
without a job, he is once again plunged into the “Winter Solstice,” when
days are short and nights are long. His status can once more be repre-

Trigrams 62
sented by Trigram Ø ( ), Earth:

Although Harry might feel as if his world has come to a screeching

halt, he is simply going through a natural process that will continue to
evolve with or without his intervention.
6 Selecting Trigram
Choosing a trigram to match a specific human situation is the fastest
way to consult I Ching and is best suited to circumstances where the
subject and object are in stages that can be recognized as part of the natu-
ral order. An example might be the beginning of a love affair, Trigram 4
( ), Thunder; or the cooling of a friendship, Trigram 2 ( ), Water.
Regarding a particular situation, such as Harry’s job at AFR, only one
trigram represents each particular stage of the changing process. To
determine which single trigram is most applicable, you must consider
the entire process of development and then determine the trigram that
best describes the stage of development at any given moment.
You might practise this method by comparing your own career to
Harry’s. Which trigram best applies to the point you have now reached
in your own work? Does it feel like the beginning of spring, when you
are embarking on a new venture or assignment? Or are you feeling the
chill that sets in after you realize that you’ve been passed over for a pro-
motion too many times? The first situation would best be characterized
by Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder; and the second corresponds to Trigram
1 ( ), Mountain.
For example, Harry has been working at one job for a long time, so

his performance is adequate because of his experience. He is not very

interested in making changes. Which of the trigrams best describes this
situation? Since he is doing the work very well because of his experi-
ence, but only doing what is required, following and yielding but not
actively seeking change, the trigram that best captures his reality is the
one for Wind ( ).
This is Trigram 3, which also corresponds to the “Beginning of Autumn”
-- so you can see that one method of selecting a trigram can be used to
verify a selection arrived at by the other method.
How is the position of your career? Rising or declining? What is the
prospect? Remember, to evaluate your current situation, you may use
these two easy methods:
• Compare the characteristic with the eight visual images.

• Determine the phase in a seasonal cycle.

Significance of the “Three Lines” in Trigram 64
CHAPTER 5
Significance of the
“Three Lines” in Trigram
C
athy wants to know what she should do about George, a
married man who is interested in her. She is young, just out of
college, and starting her career at a company where George is
a senior executive. To answer her question, first, she needs to
construct one trigram to define her situation within the relationship,
and then construct another for George.
In the profound systematic language of I Ching, every line of each
trigram has a special significance that refers to a specific aspect of your
life and links it to the cycle of change in the world. You will find that
the process of learning to construct trigrams to define your own situa-
tion within relationships will help you understand your role in regard
to others.
1 Bottom Line: Action

Let’s consider the meaning of each line in a single trigram, which cor-
responds to a specific point in the cycle of seasonal change. If we turn
the figure of the Eight Trigrams a half-space counterclockwise, bend
the straight lines into arches, then make the yang lines black and the
yin lines gray, we get the following figure:

Figure 5.1: Lines in The Eight Trigrams
In this way of viewing the sequence, the inner ring represents the
bottom lines of the trigrams. Let’s concentrate just on that innermost
ring for the moment. On the left side you see all yang lines ( ); on the
right side are yin lines ( ).
Figure 5.2: Significance of Bottom Lines
In a neat reflection of the simple sundial that the ancient Chinese cre-
ated, the yang lines on the left represent the days getting longer, and yin
lines on the right show days getting shorter. These bottom lines do not
literally identify the exact length of the day but symbolize an action --

the increase or decrease in the length of the day.

A yang line in the bottom position represents the action of heaven.
Because heaven gives energy to the earth and, as perceived by the an-
cients, orbits the earth, the characteristics of a yang action may be active,
offensive, aggressive, advancing, expanding, vigorous, or energetic. Since
the earth receives energy from heaven and was believed to be standing
still, a yin action, represented by a yin line at the bottom, may be pas-
sive, defensive, receding, contracting, stopping, or at rest.
Within the context of a relationship, yang action may refer to initiating,
developing, or improving the bond. A yin action may refer to defend-
ing, waiting, hesitating, withdrawing from or ending the liaison. When
we spoke of Harry’s career in Chapter 4, his action was yang when he
started a new job and improved in his work. When he lost interest in it,
then resigned and left AFR, his action was yin.
2 Middle Line: Essence

Now concentrate only on the middle lines, which comprise the center
ring of the eight trigrams.
Figure 5.3: Mirror Image of Middle Lines

The lines to the left of the vertical axis are a mirror image of the lines
on the right, but those on either side of the horizontal axis are in oppo-
sition. In trigrams 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 3 ( ), and 2 ( ), all the middle
lines are yang lines ( ), representing the time of year when the days
are long. In trigrams 1 ( ), Ø ( ), 4 ( ), and 5 ( ), all the middle
lines are yin lines ( ) representing the time of year when the days are
short. A yang line in the middle position of a trigram denotes a long
day, and a yin line indicates a short day.
Figure 5.4: Significance of Middle Lines
The middle line of a trigram represents the essential nature, or essence,

of a thing or person. A yang essence represents the traits of heaven.
Since heaven has great power and strength, a yang essence indicates
power and strength. Compared to heaven, the earth has less power and
strength, but it is a wellspring for living things whose environment con-
verts heaven’s energy into nurturing food. A yin essence represents the

traits of the earth, which are not as powerful or strong as heaven’s, but
are adaptable to the environment and have the potential for supporting
and nurturing others.
In regard to a relationship, a yang essence suggests good character,
good health, wealth, education, financial strength, sufficient informa-
tion, and so on. A yin essence refers to undeveloped potential ability: a
weak body, insufficient finances, a lack of information, etc.
Note that this essence must be considered in reference to a particular
relationship, not to a person, in general. Good personal character, ro-
bust health, or wealth may be a yang essence vital in one relationship
but may not be significant in another situation. In a relationship, a yang
essence usually indicates the person who is in the stronger position, and
a yin essence indicates the weaker status. In this way, a confident, well-
off athlete who is pining away for a woman who doesn’t care for him
would have a yin essence in their relationship, regardless of his hardy
personal qualities.
Consider Harry’s situations during his career at AFR. In the stages
represented by trigrams 6 ( ), 7 ( ), 3 ( ), and 2 ( ), he was
competent in his work and dedicated to his job; he was respected and
promoted. In these instances his essence was yang. In the stages repre-
sented by trigrams 1 ( ), Ø ( ), 4 ( ), and 5 ( ), he was either out
of work, inexperienced at his new job, or tired of his old job. Through
these stages he was still Harry -- smart, well educated, and competent
-- but these characteristics were in a potential form, not apparent in his
situation. At these stages his essence was yin.

3 Top Line: Attitude

Finally we come to the outer ring of the eight trigrams, which consists
of the top lines of the eight trigrams.
Figure 5.5: Mirror Image of the Top Lines
You see that the arrangement of the top lines on the left of the vertical
axis is a mirror image of the top lines on the right; on either side of the
horizontal axis, they oppose each other. That arrangement is similar to
the configuration of the middle lines, but here the top lines alternate
between yin and yang in every quarter of the circle.
Where the middle line of a trigram dictates whether the day is long or
short, the top line augments this information by telling us whether the
day is the longest, the shortest, or in between, as shown below.

Figure 5.6: Significance of Top Lines
When the day is long, as determined by a yang middle line, a yang

line on top identifies it as the longest day; a yin line on the top indicates
the day is long, but not the longest. When the day is short, signified by
a yin middle line, a second yin line on top tells you it is the shortest. A
yang top line indicates the day is short but not the shortest.
The top line of a trigram represents a feature that is not essential; it fur-
ther defines a unique nature by providing nuance. When a trigram rep-
resents a person in a relationship, this nature refers to his or her attitude.
A yang attitude represents the supplementary quality of heaven -- hot,
bright, remote, unpredictable, and mysterious. A yin attitude represents
the supplementary characteristics of earth -- stable, gentle, graceful,
tangible, kind, and subordinate.
In terms of a relationship, a yang attitude can be tough, vacillating,

arrogant, reckless, demanding, bossy, firm, and so on. A yin attitude
might be agreeable, humble, stable, graceful, gentle, introverted, quiet,
kind, open, respectful, or flexible.

Again, keep in mind that the attitude must be viewed in reference to a

particular relationship. A person may be dominant in one relationship
but humble in another situation. You may be naturally very aggressive,
but in circumstances where you are less sure of yourself, your attitude
can be yin.
We have seen the different stages of Harry’s work at AFR. In the fig-
ure below, notice on the left the arrangement of the top lines, and on
the right the Eight Trigrams rotated a half-space counterclockwise for
comparison. The top lines of trigrams 5, 7, 3, and 1 are yang lines ( ).
Figure 5.7: Top Lines & Eight Trigrams
In the Spring Equinox season represented by Trigram 5 ( ), Fire,

Harry was displaying his talent and education. At Trigram 7 ( ),
Heaven, he was bossy because of his higher position and at Trigram 3
( ), Wind, he was not actively seeking change because he was arrogant,
assessing his own job performance as superior, or complacent about his
success. At Trigram 1 ( ), Mountain, he was bold in his decision to re-

sign from AFR. In these four very different stages, his attitude was yang.
Now look at the other points of Harry’s time with AFR: The top lines
of trigram 4, 6, 2, and Ø are all yin ( ). At Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder,
he was just beginning the job and uncertain about how well he would
do; at Trigram 6 ( ), Lake, he received an important promotion and
was modestly trying his best. At Trigram 2 ( ), Water, he was unen-
thusiastic about his work, and with the return of Trigram Ø ( ), he
once more became humble and flexible in hunting for a new job. In
these four stages, his attitude was yin.
4 The Personal Trigrams in Reality

When a trigram represents a person, its three lines represent his or
her three aspects: action, essence, and attitude. A trigram representing
a person is constructed from the bottom up, by identifying the yin or
yang nature of each of the three aspects.
Remember that each of these three aspects is determined in reference to
the relationship about which you are consulting the I Ching. Action refers
to what the person is doing for the relationship. Essence describes what
kind of person he or she is within the boundaries of this relationship.
Attitude is the way he or she is dealing with others in the relationship.
When constructing a trigram, you must evaluate each of the three
aspects according to the facts. Once you have accurately evaluated the
circumstances, the three lines are identified as yin or yang, and the tri-
gram is built.
Aware that George has noticed her, Cathy hopes that he can help her
get ahead at the company, and she approaches him to ask for his help
with a presentation on which she’s working. This action is yang, so the
bottom line of Cathy’s trigram is yang.

Because she is immature and inexperienced, Cathy is socially awkward

in contrast to George’s smooth confidence, and she has little power in
the workplace where his status is secure. So her essence is yin, as rep-
resented by a yin middle line in her trigram.
When Cathy approaches George, she is careful to come across as po-
lite and respectful. She knows that George can help her, but he might
misunderstand or take advantage of her boldness in coming forward.
So her attitude is tentative and cautious, represented by a yin top line.
So the trigram representing Cathy’s situation is Trigram 4 ( ),
Thunder.
Now let us consider the other side of the relationship; i.e., George’s role.
Since he is attracted to Cathy and made the first move to show his inter-
est, his action is yang. He is a leader in the organization where Cathy
works and derives power from his position, so his essence is yang. When
Cathy approaches him, she finds that he is demanding and arrogant,
with an attitude that is decidedly yang. This evaluation results in the tri-
gram representing George’s situation, which is Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven.
In Chapter 8, “Changes,” we will discover whether or not a relation-
ship with George would be advantageous for Cathy. For now, remember
that in building these trigrams we are evaluating Cathy and George in
relationship to each other and within the context of their workplace. If
they met elsewhere -- at the beach, for instance, where Cathy wears a
bathing suit with confidence and George is an out-of-shape older man
sitting on a blanket with his wife and children -- the dynamics of their
relationship would be very different, and other aspects of their person-
alities might dominate the situation. For the beach scenario, we would
evaluate their actions, essences, and attitudes accordingly, and very dif-
ferent trigrams would result.
The key to building trigrams lies in the ability to make a correct assess-
ment of the parties involved, without exaggeration or wishful thinking.

Remember, a trigram is only as accurate as the honesty of your input.
Keep in mind the role of the three lines in relationship:
• Bottom line represents action

• Middle line represents essence
• Top line represents attitude

CHAPTER 6
Hexagram
N
ancy is very interested in a work colleague named John.
Nancy is an intelligent, well-educated woman who has a grace-
ful way with others. Working with her is a pleasure for her
colleagues. Her situation can be best expressed by Trigram 6
( ), Lake.
John is a strong man with a good job, modest in his dealings with
people, but timid about becoming involved with Nancy, as if a relation-
ship with her might involve danger and difficulty. His situation can be
expressed by Trigram 2 ( ), Water.
These two trigrams can form two hexagrams: Hexagram 6:2 ( )
and Hexagram 2:6 ( ). What is the difference in their significances?
1 Subject Trigram and Object Trigram

Gaining guidance in a relationship involves your creating two trigrams:
one for the person or subject posing the question, and the other one
for the person known as the object. The hexagram that describes this
relationship represents the current situation from the point of view of
the subject. Once constructed, these two trigrams are stacked to create
a hexagram.
The subject trigram represents the one who asks for help from the I
Ching and to whom the judgments refer; so your hexagram consists of
a subject trigram in the lower position and an object trigram on top,
just like in the sentence, “I love you”, where the subject “I” is ahead of

Hexagram 76
the object “you”. The ID number of the hexagram is the combination

of the ID numbers of the two component trigrams. For example, if the
subject trigram is 3 and the object trigram is 2, the ID number of the
hexagram is 3:2, as illustrated below:
Figure 6.1: Formation of hexagram 3:2
The subject trigram must be in the lower position of the hexagram and
the object trigram is on top.
The hexagram representing the relationship between Nancy and John
from Nancy’s point of view is Hexagram 6:2 ( ). When we read the text
associated with the Hexagram 6:2, we must remember that a favorable
judgment means that this relationship or situation is favorable only to
the subject, Nancy, and may or may not be favorable to the object, John.
When Nancy builds a trigram to describe John’s side of the relationship,
she is using the facts apparent to her to evaluate his action, essence, and
attitude: when she asked him to a party, he turned her down, and when
they happened to be walking in the same direction, he avoided falling
into step with her. So she decides that his action line is yin.
She gives him a yang middle line for his essence, because he is a tall,
strong man with a good job as manager of a large store. He never boasts
about himself and listens patiently and carefully to others, so for his atti-
tude line she decides on yin. So the hexagram representing the relation-
ship from Nancy’s point of view is based on the facts as she sees them.
This subjective viewpoint is all-important in putting together the hexa-
gram. Do you remember the story in Chapter 5 of Cathy, the young ca-
reer woman, and George, the older married executive? In that example,

Cathy wanted to know how to deal with this powerful man at work who
was interested in her. In the hexagram Cathy built, she was the subject,
and George was the object. After evaluating her own action, essence,
and attitude, and then evaluating the same aspects for George, Cathy
arrived at Hexagram 4:7, as shown below, representing their current
relationship from her point of view:
Figure 6.2: Formation of Hexagram 4:7
But what if George were the one building the hexagram because he
wanted to know how to deal with this beautiful young female employee?
Then he would be the subject, and Cathy the object. Assuming that his
evaluation of their situation is the same that Cathy came up with, his
hexagram would be a reversal of hers, Hexagram 7:4, as shown below.
Figure 6.3: Formation of Hexagram 7:4
Actually, since two people rarely view their mutual situation in the
same light, it would be very unusual for both individuals to select the
same two trigrams. But this example serves to illustrate the importance
of position in subject and object trigrams.
The structure and meaning for Hexagram 4:7, Innocence -- Cathy’s
situation with George -- are shown below:

Hexagram 78
Figure 6.4: Hexagram, from Cathy’s view
And here are the structure and meaning for Hexagram 7:4, Reckless,
describing George’s situation with Cathy:
Figure 6.5: Hexagram from George’s view
The title of the hexagram provides a quick profile of the current situation
and its prospects, and you can see at once from the titles “Innocence” and
“Reckless” that the same situation can be dramatically different from each
person’s perspective. In Cathy’s case, the word innocence implies mistakes
she might make because of her lack of experience. In George’s case, his
hexagram’s title warns that he might abuse his power and do something
careless that could result in great loss for either or both of them.

2 Titles of Hexagrams
As soon as you build your hexagram, consider the meaning of its
unique title. The table below lists the titles of the sixty-four hexagrams:
ID SIGN TITLE ID SIGN TITLE

Ø:Ø Earth Ø:1 Deprivation
Ø:2 Closeness Ø:3 Watching
Ø:4 Delight Ø:5 Promotion
Ø:6 Gathering Ø:7 Denial
1:Ø Modest 1:1 Stop
1:2 Lame 1:3 Gradual
1:4 Tolerance 1:5 Travel
1:6 Enjoyable 1:7 Flee
2:Ø Army 2:1 Ignorance
2:2 Pitfall 2:3 Flood
2:4 Solution 2:5 Imperfect
2:6 Adversity 2:7 Sue
3:Ø Rising 3:1 Bugs
3:2 Well 3:3 Yield
3:4 Persistence 3:5 Cauldron
3:6 Overburden 3:7 Encounter

Hexagram 80
ID SIGN TITLE ID SIGN TITLE

4:Ø Return 4:1 Care
4:2 Prospect 4:3 Gain
4:4 Shock 4:5 Bite
4:6 Follow 4:7 Innocence
5:Ø Hurt 5:1 Ornament
5:2 Perfect 5:3 Matriarch
5:4 Totality 5:5 Brightness
5:6 Change 5:7 Coalition
6:Ø Approach 6:1 Loss
6:2 Limitation 6:3 Sincerity
6:4 Marry 6:5 Stare
6:6 Pleasure 6:7 Treading
7:Ø Peace 7:1 Build Up
7:2 Expectation 7:3 Accumulation
7:4 Reckless 7:5 Acquisition
7:6 Menace 7:7 Heaven
3 Importance of ID number of Hexagram

Why is the positioning of the two trigrams so important in leading to
the correct interpretation and decision? Because, just as trigrams are
numbers, hexagrams are also numbers, and I Ching is a mathematical

system for plotting the human condition and laws of nature. You can
glimpse a bit of the pattern when you turn Hexagram 6:4 clockwise to
its horizontal position, as shown below:
Figure 6.6: Hexagram, binary number and octal number
This I Ching style of ID numbers for hexagrams -- using an octal, or

base-eight system -- is used throughout this book. To clearly indicate
that a hexagram consists of two trigrams, there is a “:” between the two
digits, as in Hexagram 6:4, not hexagram 64.
4 Conversion from ID numbers to serial number in Zhou Yi

Nine centuries ago, Shao Yong arranged the sixty-four hexagrams in an
array as shown in the following diagram. This hexagram array is attached
with ID numbers of subject trigrams in the first column at right, ID num-
bers of object trigrams in the first row on top, and Zhou Yi (A version
of I Ching formatted in the time of King Wen, in the twelfth century
B.C.) serial numbers in parentheses under the symbols of hexagrams.

Hexagram 82
Figure 6.7: Conversion from ID number to Zhou Yi serial number
You may use the diagram above to find the shape of a hexagram and its
serial number in Zhou Yi. For example, if you want to know Hexagram
6:4, the ID number of its subject trigram is 6. The ID number of its object
trigram is 4. In the row 6, column 4, there is the symbol of Hexagram
6:4, . It is Hexagram 54 (54 is the serial number in Zhou Yi). And for
Hexagram 4:6, go to row 4, column 6: Its symbol is . It is Hexagram
17 (Zhou Yi).
If you get a hexagram from other publications, it is very easy to find
its ID number used in this book. For example, Hexagram 64 is the last
hexagram in Zhou Yi. Its shape is . The subject trigram is . Its

ID number is 2. The object trigram is . Its ID number is 5. The two

ID numbers together with a colon between become 2:5. So the ID num-
ber of Hexagram 64 is 2:5. “2:5” indicates that the hexagram consists of
Trigram 2 and Trigram 5, while “64” indicates this hexagram is the last
one in the Zhou Yi sequence.
Hexagram Array (of Sixty-four Hexagrams) is also used in Part II.
The translation of the I Ching text of hexagrams is in the order of the
Hexagram Array, starting with Hexagram Ø:Ø, Earth, and ending in
Hexagram 7:7, Heaven.
Now you know how to make hexagrams to represent your current

situations. Remember:
• Subject trigram is on the bottom

• Object trigram is on the top

Analysis of Structure of Hexagrams 84
CHAPTER 7
Analysis of Structure of Hexagrams
N
ow that you know how to construct a hexagram in re-
sponse to your question, you’ll want to learn if your hexagram
is favorable, unfavorable, or neutral in regard to the relation-
ship.
The truth is that, like most situations in life, most of the sixty-four
hexagrams are neutral, a rich mixture of good and bad. Some are notable
exceptions: the four hexagrams favorable to the subject (you) are those
where two complementary trigrams are in harmony; the less favorable
ones consist of trigrams that are complementary but not in harmony.
In I Ching, as in life, harmony is everything. For our purpose, harmony
between the trigrams is contingent on three realities:
1. The two sides are complementary, meaning one side is yin and the
other side is yang.
2. The two sides interact with each other.
3. The initiator of the interaction -- the peacemaker described in
Chapter 3 -- is the subject.
Remember the example of the female police officer and the male drunk
driver from Chapter 3? Looking at the situation from the point of view
of the police officer -- where she is the subject, and the drunk driver
is the object, you can see that the situation passes these three tests for
harmony:
1. She and the driver have complementary roles, with the officer as
yang, having authority and power, and the driver as yin, being
guilty and acquiescing.

2. They interact with each other; had they been driving on different
highways, the situation would not have arisen.
3. The subject is the peacemaker by virtue of spotting and confront-
ing the drunk driver. So the situation is in harmony and favorable
to the police officer. She has fulfilled her mission.
Now consider the situation from the point of view of the drunk driver,
where he becomes the subject and the female police officer is the object.
• Their roles are still complementary; he is yin and she is yang.
• The two sides interact with each other.
• The subject is not the initiator of the interaction, so the situation
is not in harmony and is highly unfavorable to the drunk driver.
1 Special Hexagrams
To assist with your understanding of the rule of harmony, let’s look
at eight special hexagrams formed from the four diagonal pairs of the
Eight Trigrams:
Figure 7.1: Eight special hexagrams
The ID numbers of the eight special hexagrams are 5:2 and 2:5, 6:1 and
1:6, 7:Ø and Ø:7, and 4:3 and 3:4. Notice that in every case, the sum of
the two digits of the ID numbers is 7.

1 HEXAGRAMS 5:2 AND 2:5
At the left of the figure below is Hexagram 5:2, Perfect.
Figure 7.2: Hexagram 5:2, Perfect
Its lower part is Trigram 5 ( ), Fire, the subject; its upper part is
Trigram 2 ( ), Water, the object. If you rotate the trigrams clockwise
to a horizontal position, you will see that all three pairs of correspond-
ing lines are complementary -- couples matching yin to yang, or yang to
yin. For example, look at the lines on the left. The top left is broken, and
the bottom left is solid. The same is true for the lines on the right. The
center lines are also complementary: the top is solid, the bottom broken.
Now look at the interaction between the two sides. When fire is near a
container of water, the water is heated, and energy can be produced in
the form of steam. Fire, the subject, is the peacemaker, by heating wa-
ter, the object. So Hexagram 5:2, Perfect, is in harmony and favorable
to the subject, which turns its energy into production.
Its mirror image is Hexagram 2:5, Imperfect, shown below:
Figure 7.3: Hexagram 2:5, Imperfect
This time, in Hexagram 2:5, water is now the subject, and it cannot
initiate the interaction. If water pours onto fire, either the water itself

vanishes or the fire is extinguished. So Hexagram 2:5, Imperfect, is not

in harmony.
2 HEXAGRAMS 7:Ø AND Ø:7
Hexagram 7:Ø, Peace, combines Trigram 7, Heaven, and Trigram Ø,

Earth:
Figure 7.4: Hexagram 7:Ø, Peace
Heaven, the subject, initiates the interaction by lighting and warming

the earth. So Hexagram 7:Ø, Peace, is in harmony and is favorable to
the subject, which donates its energy.
Now look at the reverse situation, in Hexagram Ø:7, Denial:
Figure 7.5: Hexagram Ø:7, Denial
Earth, which is the subject, receives energy passively and cannot initi-
ate an interaction with heaven. This hexagram is not in harmony, even
though its two component trigrams are complementary.
Hexagram 1:6, Enjoyable, combines Trigram 1, Mountain, with Trigram

6, Lake:

Figure 7.6: Hexagram 1:6, Enjoyable
The mountain is a source or barrier for water and maintains a stable

level of water in the lake, so the hexagram is in harmony and favorable.
But with Hexagram 6:1, Loss, the lake cannot initiate an interaction
with the mountain:
Figure 7.7: Hexagram 6:1, Loss

Hexagram 4:3, Gain, combines Trigram 4, Thunder, with Trigram 3,
Wind. It is favorable because, as the ancients experienced it, its harmony
stems from the initiation of the subject, Thunder, heralding the begin-
ning of the storm and causing the wind to blow.
Figure 7.8: Hexagram 4:3, Gain
The last of the special hexagrams is Hexagram 3:4, Persistence, where

Wind cannot have an effect on the Thunder no matter how long or
hard it blows:

Figure 7.9: Hexagram 3:4, Persistence
Hexagram 3:4, alone among the eight special hexagrams, can be con-
sidered neutral, neither favorable nor unfavorable, as suggested by its
title “Persistence.” Sometimes persistence is futile and wasteful; at other
times it can be admirable and wise.
2 Complementary Lines
Of the eight hexagrams discussed above, half are clearly favorable be-
cause they are in harmony. The other half are unfavorable or neutral
because they are not in harmony, though their component trigrams are
complementary. The neutrality of most of the sixty-four hexagrams is
illustrated by their titles listed in Chapter 5.
As you work with I Ching, you will come to appreciate the rich inter-
play between the numerical values of trigrams and hexagrams, and the
symbolic relationships of the elements they represent -- for instance,
Fire and Mountain or Wind and Earth. While the eight special hexa-
grams have symbolic interactions that are easy to spot due to their ob-
vious complementary nature, the other fifty-six hexagrams require a
line-by-line analysis.
As you study the lines of a hexagram to determine its harmony, you
will consider the situations of the lines in the hexagram as complemen-
tary lines
If the two corresponding lines of the two component trigrams are yin
with yang, or yang with yin, they are complementary; if the correspond-
ing lines are both yin lines or both yang lines, they are in conflict with

each other. Usually, complementary lines are favorable. In the diagram

below, brackets indicate the complementary lines for the eight special
hexagrams discussed above.
Figure 7.10: The Complementary Lines
3 Correctness of Positions
In a hexagram, the positions of lines 1, 3, and 5 are considered to be
yang positions, and lines 2, 4, and 6 are the yin positions. If a yang line
( ) is in a yang position or a yin line ( ) is in a yin position, that line
is correctly positioned. But if a yang line ( ) is in a yin position or a
yin line ( ) is in a yang position, that line is incorrectly positioned.
Since Hexagram 5:2, shown below, demonstrates perfect harmony, it
is used as a template for the correct position of lines.
Figure 7.11: The correct position of lines

By contrast, in Hexagram 2:5 all the lines are incorrect, as shown be-
low in gray.
Figure 7.12: All the lines are incorrect
Normally the correct lines, which I indicate in black from this point
forward for your ease of recognition, are favorable. The incorrect lines,
in gray, are unfavorable.
4 The Central Lines Correct and Complementary

Lines 2 and 5 are the middle lines of each of the trigrams that make up
a hexagram. When the central lines are correct and complementary, such
as yin 2 ( ) and yang 5 ( ) of Hexagram 5:2, , it is very favorable.
5 Supporting or Suppressing
The relationship between a particular line and its adjacent lines, directly
above and below, is important for you to know. In general, when a yin
line and a yang line are together, the situation favors the side represented
by the yang line and does not favor the side represented by the yin line.
So if a yang line ( ) is above a yin line ( ), the yang line ( ) is
supported by the yin line ( ), as shown on the left of the following
figure. This definitely favors the yang line and may or may not be good

for the yin line.
Figure 7.13: Adjacent lines
When a yin line ( ) is above a yang line ( ), the yin line ( ) is

suppressing the yang line ( ). This is not especially favorable or unfa-
vorable for the yang line, but it is definitely unfavorable for the yin line.
When looking at the relationships between yin and yang lines in a
hexagram, this analogy might prove helpful: Think about the relative
positions in a group of coworkers. If a manager has strong business
experience and the assistant is less knowledgeable, then the manager
oversees and protects the assistant. This support relationship is like a
yin line under a yang line.
We easily comprehend how the support relationship benefits the man-
ager, but its effect on the assistant depends on how the assistant behaves.
If the assistant follows instructions and works hard, the reward could be
a bonus or promotion. The incompetent assistant of a powerful manager
could just as easily be disciplined or fired, however. So which will it be?
I Ching resolves this dilemma by determining whether the supporting
yin line is in a correct or incorrect position: If correct, the situation is
favorable for the yin line; if incorrect, the situation is unfavorable.
Anyone who has spent time in the business world has also witnessed
a suppressing relationship -- when the manager is less competent than
the staff. Even when the staff is very capable, the manager will still fail.
A suppressing relationship, when a yin line is above a yang line. This
relationship is unfavorable to the yin line.
What about the yang staff being suppressed by the weak manager?
These workers’ position is neutral. The company may fire the manager,
but the competent yang staff will survive the change. In other words,

when a yang line is under a yin line, the situation is neither favorable
nor unfavorable to the yang line. When yin gets in the way of yang, yang
is able to persevere.
Now that you know how to analyze the positions of lines as they relate
to each other within a hexagram, you are ready to resolve the questions
posed by Cathy in relation to George.
6 Analysis of hexagrams for Relationship

You’ll remember that the relationship between Cathy and George, from
her point of view, was described by Hexagram 4:7, Innocence:
Figure 7.14: From Cathy’s view
When you look at the general structure of this hexagram, you’ll no-
tice two pairs of complementary lines -- the top lines of each trigram
and the middle line of each trigram are complementary. There are also
three correct lines: yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), and yang 5 ( ). The two
middle lines are central, correct, and complementary. These are favor-
able to the subject, Cathy.
On the other hand, the two bottom lines, both yang, conflict with each
other, and there are three incorrect lines, yin 3 ( ), yang 4 ( ), and
yang 6 ( ). These are unfavorable to Cathy.
Can you see that this potential office flirtation is a complicated mixture
of harmony and discord, a far cry from the clear-cut special hexagrams
discussed at the beginning of this chapter?
Now look line by line at Hexagram 4:7. Yang 1 is a correct line, imply-

ing that when Cathy approaches George as a young employee seeking

help from him, she is right to do so. But this line conflicts with George’s
action line, yang 4 ( ), implying if Cathy acts too aggressively, prob-
lems could result.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates Cathy’s essential inexperience. It is central, in
a correct position and complementary to yang 5. This suggests that
George’s relative power and knowledge can be helpful to her. Notice,
however, that this line suppresses yang 1 ( ), implying that if she acts
too aggressively, it could damage her essence.
Yin 3 ( ) is complementary to yang 6 ( ) but incorrect in position,
implying that Cathy’s attitude to George should be polite and respectful
but not overly submissive. Already Cathy can see that she must strike a
delicate balance, approaching George without too much assertiveness
or too much deference.
In George’s trigram, yang 4 ( ) is incorrect in position and conflicts
with Cathy’s yang 1 ( ). Because he is married, George noticing Cathy
is not in her best interests. Yang 5 ( ) is central, correct, and comple-
mentary to yin 2 ( ), implying that George’s experience and power
are favorable for Cathy. Yang 6 ( ) is complementary to yin 3 ( )
but incorrect in position, which implies that George’s confident attitude
poses a danger for Cathy.
This line analysis of Cathy’s relationship with George shows clearly
that the benefit for her lies in the older man’s business experience and
that, as a mentor, he can prove helpful to her career. She must, however,
be careful to balance this potential against the hazards of any romantic
involvement, where she is clearly at a disadvantage. She would be wise
to keep their friendship respectful and strictly businesslike.
Now consider Hexagram 7:4 -- the exact same situation but from
George’s point of view.

Figure 7.15: From George’s View
This relationship is also a mixed situation for George. We see two pairs
of complementary lines and three correct lines, yang 1 ( ), yang 3 ( ),
and yin 6 ( ). The current situation is not bad for George, but if he
handles the relationship recklessly, problems could result.
Yang 1 ( ) is correct in position but conflicts with yang 4 ( ), imply-
ing that George is right to take notice of Cathy, but he should not rush
into things. Yang 2 ( ) is complementary to yin 5 ( ) but is incor-
rect in position: George’s experience and power might prove helpful to
Cathy but pose a drawback for him. Yang 3 ( ) is complementary to
yin 6 ( ) and in a correct position; his confidence will serve him well.
As for Cathy’s place in George’s life, her action line, yang 4 ( ), is in-
correct in position and conflicts with yang 1 ( ); her determination
to approach him is not favorable. Yin 5 ( ) is complementary to yang
2 ( ) but is incorrect in position, implying Cathy’s inexperience is not
helpful to him. Yin 6 ( ) is complementary with yang 3 ( ) and is in
a correct position, suggesting that if Cathy behaves respectfully, their
interaction will benefit both of them. Perhaps Cathy will prove an apt
student and evolve into a valuable employee for their corporation. Her
success could reflect well on George, who has served as her mentor.
Line analyses of both of these hexagrams shows that Cathy has some-
thing to gain from George -- career advancement -- while George can
look forward to Cathy’s respect and gratitude. But carelessness on his
part or aggressiveness on hers might cause him to exploit her youth and
inexperience and would be disastrous for them both.
From the example above, you see the role of harmony is important
in a relationship. Remember, to know if your hexagram is favorable,

unfavorable, or neutral in regard to the topic you’re investigating, you

must check:
• Are the corresponding lines complementary?

• Are the lines positioned correctly?
• Are the yang lines supported by the yin lines?

CHAPTER 8
Changes
I
f you know what is going to happen in a constantly changing
world, you will be able to make an appropriate life strategy. The
last chapter explained how to look at a hexagram and determine
whether the current situation is favorable, neutral, or unfavorable
to the subject. This chapter shows you what kinds of change are man-
ageable and what kinds follow the natural order.
Alterations in any of a hexagram’s six lines will result in a new hexa-
gram that represents the changed situation. The lines that change are
called significant lines, and the resulting hexagram is called a conse-
quential hexagram.
For our example, we’ll look again at Hexagram 4:7, Innocence, which
represents the situation of Cathy’s relationship with George. What if her
career ambitions prompted her to seek George’s help boldly, and George
limited himself to the mentor’s role? If Cathy’s attitude were to change
from yin to yang by her assertiveness, while George changed both his
action and attitude from yang to yin by responding to her advances in
a passive and gentle manner, the consequential hexagram is Hexagram
5:2, Perfect, shown below:
Figure 8.1: The Consequential Hexagram, Perfect

Changes 98
Yin 3 ( ) of Hexagram 4:7, which represents Cathy’s attitude, chang-

es to yang 3 ( ) of Hexagram 5:2. Yang 4 ( ) and yang 6 ( ) of
Hexagram 4:7, which represent George’s current action and attitude,
change to yin 4 ( ) and yin 6 ( ) of Hexagram 5:2.
Remember this important fact when interpreting the hexagrams of
Yi: Any hexagram can change to any one of the other sixty-three hexa-
grams infinite times; no limitation exists to the number of changes. The
subject can always choose to push the favorable changes and avoid the
unfavorable, no matter what his or her past actions might have been. I
Ching is a guide for understanding the current situation, then working
to become a peacemaker by means of favorable change. Let’s look at fa-
vorable changes, manageable changes, and natural changes.
1 Favorable Change
As we discuss in Chapter 7, Hexagram 5:2 is one of the special hexa-
grams. It is favorable, and its opposite, Hexagram 2:5, Imperfect, is
unfavorable. Obviously, moving from Hexagram 4:7 to Hexagram 5:2
would be a favorable change. Cathy and George could attain perfection
in their relationship by ignoring the issue of Cathy’s youthful beauty
and George’s feelings of desire. They could focus instead on their roles
as ambitious, young employee and wise, older executive.
Perhaps, if Cathy could overcome her awe of George’s higher status,
her honest, straightforward way of requesting his help would not come
across as flirtation, and George would be prompted to respond to her
questions in a businesslike and kindly manner.
When you study a hexagram to see what favorable change might be
made, look first at the lines that are incorrect in position or in conflict
with other lines. For example, in Hexagram 4:7, the incorrect lines,
shown in gray, are yin 3 ( ), yang 4 ( ) and yang 6 ( ). Changing

them results in the highly favorable consequential hexagram, Hexagram

5:2. In contrast, yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), and yang 5 ( ) are correct
lines, shown in black. Changing them would result in an unfavorable
consequential hexagram, Hexagram 2:5.
Often, though, simultaneously changing so many aspects in a relation-

ship to achieve perfection may not be realistic. A better way would in-
volve looking for what favorable outcome would result from incremental
change. In Hexagram 4:7, yang 4 ( ) is incorrect in position and in
conflict with yang 1 ( ). If this one line changes from yang to yin -- if
George shows restraint and waits to let Cathy be the one to approach
him -- the consequential hexagram is Hexagram 4:3, Gain, shown below:
Figure 8.2: The Consequential Hexagram, Gain
This is another of the special favorable hexagrams discussed in Chapter

9, and as its title implies, Cathy will gain from this one change.
We must all take care to avoid a change that can worsen a situation.
Let’s say Cathy believes that George’s desire will prompt him to ap-
proach her, and she decides she should wait passively for the inevitable,
becoming more yin in her actions. Were Cathy to analyze the change
this would create in her trigram, then hexagram, she would know this
strategy would be a mistake. In Hexagram 4:7, yang 1 ( ) is conflict
with yang 4 ( ) but correct in position. If this line becomes a yin line
( ) because Cathy won’t take the initiative in asking George for help,
the consequential hexagram is Hexagram Ø:7, Denial, shown below.

Changes 100
Figure 8.3: The Consequential Hexagram, Denial
You can see that in the Hexagram Denial, all of the lines are comple-
mentary, but the hexagram is very unfavorable for the overly passive
subject -- in this case, Cathy. With her innocence and inexperience, if
Cathy were to succumb to her awe of George and fail to act boldly, he
would have all the power in the relationship. She would be all yin, and
he would remain all yang, creating a relationship badly out of balance.
2 Manageable Change
We can understand Cathy’s wanting to change her own trigram; it is
often much easier to change yourself than the other person involved in
the relationship. This is known as manageable change and refers to any
changes made by the subject. In the example of Hexagram 4:7, Cathy
can alter her situation in any way she wants. For example, if she is wor-
ried about having an affair with a married man, she can stop interact-
ing with George. But as we just saw, this would result in the unfavor-
able consequential hexagram, Hexagram Ø:7, and would be a mistake.
Fortunately Cathy has options. From her current subject trigram,
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder, she can change her action, essence, or attitude
to get any of the other seven trigrams: trigrams Ø, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7.
We have seen that becoming passive in her actions toward George
would be a mistake for Cathy. What if she did something about her
essence instead, becoming more experienced and powerful in her job
before approaching George? Let’s find out: in Hexagram 4:7, yin 2 ( )

is complementary to yang 5 ( ) and correct in position. Were Cathy

to change her essence from yin to yang by improving her work and
gaining more personal knowledge, the result would be Hexagram 6:7,
Treading, as shown below:
Figure 8.4: The consequential hexagram, Treading
As you can see, this change would place the two central essence lines
in conflict, and Cathy’s increased knowledge and status would become
a challenge to George’s position in the company. This change would also
increase the number of incorrect lines. As suggested by the hexagram’s
title, Treading, this alteration could result in a stagnant situation. It is
not favorable to Cathy.
Now let’s consider Cathy’s attitude. In Hexagram 4:7, yin 3 ( ), while

complementary to yang 6 ( ), is in an incorrect position. When we first
met Cathy and George in Chapter 6, her attitude was described as yin
because she was polite and respectful toward George, as a new employee
would be with a more powerful executive in the company. But what if
Cathy decided that her youthful energy and enthusiasm put her on the
same level as George, with his experience and power, and she respond-
ed to him confidently, as a colleague with something valuable to offer?
If Cathy could change her attitude from yin to yang, meaning that yin
3 ( ) becomes yang 3 ( ), this change will result in Hexagram 5:7,
Coalition, as shown on the next page.

Changes 102
Figure 8.5: The consequential hexagram, Coalition
This hexagram is not perfect, but it is fairly favorable -- all three lines
of the subject trigram become correct, and the two middle lines remain
complementary. The consequence of this change is favorable to Cathy
because her relationship with George would become more stable and
equitable -- a Coalition -- if her own attitude can match George’s in
confidence.
As we have seen throughout the story of Cathy and George, the older
and more powerful man is capable of several changes beneficial to the
relationship. If he stopped pursuing Cathy and allowed her to approach
him, the consequence would be the highly favorable Hexagram 4:3, Gain.
If both sides change to achieve the Hexagram 5:2, Perfect, Cathy would
benefit from the mentoring.
But George’s action, essence, and attitude do not fall within the realm
of manageable change because he is the object. Cathy, as the subject,
can hope for, wait for, and try to influence these changes in George, but
she cannot actually manage them herself.
3 Natural Change
Often the best possible change is the kind that occurs naturally. As I
mentioned in Chapter 4, I Ching maintains that everything in the world
moves along a spiral track, and one cycle of the track represents a circle
of changes that are expected, regular, smooth, and gentle.
If allowed to flow naturally from one state to the next, the changes in

both the hexagram’s subject side and object side follow the sequence of
the Eight Trigrams, as shown below:
Figure 8.6: Natural change
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder, represents Cathy’s current situation. The next

trigram in the sequence is Trigram 5 ( ), Fire. So her movement from
Trigram 4 to Trigram 5 is a natural change -- quite likely to happen,
because, in time, Cathy will become less innocent and more confident
in dealing with George. Her attitude will move from yin to yang. With
no simultaneous change in George, the consequential hexagram will be
Hexagram 5:7, Coalition.
The other two manageable changes that we decided Cathy could make
on her own -- becoming more passive in her actions or more experienced
in her essence -- are not natural or favorable. Hexagram Ø:7, Denial, ap-
pears when the subject’s trigram changes from Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder,
to Trigram Ø ( ), Earth, going against the sequence of regular change.
Hexagram 6:7 appears when the subject trigram changes to Trigram 6
( ), Lake, skipping Trigram 5 ( ), Fire. While occurring in the natural
direction, this change is less likely to occur suddenly because it involves
the conversion of Cathy’s essence from yin to yang. Such a transforma-
tion is possible, but it would take time, and Cathy would have to work

Changes 104
very hard to improve her professional skills and her relationships with
colleagues and friends. At that point, George’s help and support would
become less important.
What if George were to go through a natural change before Cathy
does? His current situation is represented by Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven,
where he is on top of things in every sense of the word. For him, the
next naturally occurring trigram is Trigram 3 ( ), Wind. He naturally
becomes a little older and wiser and perhaps realizes the risk inherent
to pursuing a beautiful young coworker. His action toward Cathy natu-
rally becomes yin.
As we saw earlier, Hexagram 4:3, Gain, would be the desirable conse-
quence of this natural change in George. Even if Cathy learns she can-
not change anything about her own situation, she simply has to avoid
making mistakes and wait patiently until George’s sexual interest in her
naturally cools and his action changes from yang to yin.
Yet another possibility in the natural order of change is Hexagram 5:3,
Matriarch, resulting from Cathy’s and George’s simultaneous evolu-
tion. As Cathy gains a more confident attitude, George backs off from
his pursuit of her:
Figure 8.7: Natural change, Matriarch
In Hexagram 5:3 are five correct lines, but the two top lines are in con-
flict. The title of this hexagram implies that like a matriarch, Cathy will
assume an important role in the relationship.
Although any of these three natural changes are possible -- Cathy
changes first, George changes first, or they change simultaneously -- the

first possibility is most likely. You might have guessed this already. Cathy’s
youth and inexperience make her more apt to evolve more quickly than
George, who is at the top of his profession and in the prime of his life.
What you may not know is how neatly the I Ching captures this logical
flow from innocence to experience. In the natural cycle of change, the
ascending process is more likely to occur than the descending process
-- that is, change occurs more easily from Trigram Ø upward, through
trigrams 4, 5, and 6, to Trigram 7. Look at the picture of the Eight
Trigrams sequence at the beginning of this section on natural change.
Can you see the arrow showing how the cycle revolves?
So among the three possible natural consequences for Cathy and George
-- represented by hexagrams 5:7, 4:3, and 5:3 -- the consequence rep-
resented by Hexagram 5:7, Coalition, is most likely because the change
from Trigram 7 ( ) to Trigram 3 ( ) is in the descending process.
What does this mean? George is less likely to give up pursuing Cathy,
and Cathy is more likely to become confident around George, able to
fend off his advances without being too shy or deferential.
The other consequential hexagrams that we discussed as possibilities
for Cathy and George would not result from natural changes, but they
still could happen. We human beings do not always go with the flow and
can often act against our own best interests. We even go to extremes to
reverse the natural order of decline.
As for Cathy, her current situation represented by Hexagram 4:7 is not

too bad, and she doesn’t have to make any drastic changes to improve
things with George. In fact, many changes within her grasp could prove
counterproductive. If she conducts herself prudently, avoids improper
behavior with George, and patiently gains experience, her situation
could naturally improve. This is what people mean when they advise

Changes 106
letting things take their course.
4 Making the Right Strategy

Doing what comes naturally is probably the best option where Cathy
is concerned, but natural consequences are not always favorable.
Remember the rise and fall of Harry’s career with the software com-
pany AFR, discussed in Chapter 5.
That chapter explained the natural sequence of the seasons, and we
viewed Harry’s changing trigrams as a reflection of his shifting situation
within the company. Now that we know how to build and analyze hexa-
grams, we can also see his career in terms of his relationship with AFR.
Let’s pretend that AFR is a startup firm, successful but not yet well-
established. This company is bold and innovative but not completely
sound, so we can represent it with Trigram 5 ( ), Fire. Now suppose
that Harry has just peaked and is entering the “Beginning of Autumn”
cycle, represented by Trigram 3 ( ), Wind. That’s when he started to
keep a lower profile and put less effort into his work.
Harry’s current situation with AFR, from Harry’s point of view, can be
represented by Hexagram 3:5, Cauldron:
Figure 8.8: Harry’s current situation with AFR
As you can see, Harry’s situation is less than ideal: The only correct line
is yang 3. Two pairs of complementary lines -- the two bottom lines and
the two middle lines -- show that his passive action and experienced es-
sence might be advantages for him at this bold, unstable company. This

hexagram is neutral, neither favorable nor unfavorable.

In the sequence of Eight Trigrams, what follows Trigram 3 ( ), Wind,
is Trigram 2 ( ), Water. From Hexagram 3:5, Cauldron, Harry’s natural
change leads to the consequential hexagram shown below:
Figure 8.9: The consequential hexagram, Imperfect
As you know, Hexagram 2:5, Imperfect, is one of the few special hexa-
grams that is unfavorable, so Harry would not be better off if he allows
his situation to change naturally. Because AFR is a young company, it
is likely to change rapidly to Trigram 6 ( ), Lake, becoming less bold
and more solid as a corporate entity, the consequential hexagrams will
be either Hexagram 3:6, Overburden, or if Harry and AFR both change
naturally, Hexagram 2:6, Adversity. Neither possibility is favorable for
Harry.
If Harry wants to improve his situation with AFR, he can’t afford to
let nature take its course. In Eight Trigrams, Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven,
comes before Trigram 3 ( ), Wind. Should Harry reverse his decline
by changing his action on the job from yin to yang -- applying himself
with renewed vigor and achieving new heights -- then the consequen-
tial hexagram would be Hexagram 7:5, Acquisition:
Figure 8.10: The consequential hexagram, Acquisition

Changes 108
With this alteration, the number of correct lines increases to two,

while the two middle lines remain complementary; the situation will
be an improvement over the current one. So for Harry, the choice is be-
tween accepting a natural decline of his relationship with the company
or choosing a manageable change that will improve his career outlook.
Based on the analysis above, you may make an appropriate life strat-
egy by:
• Identifying which changes are favorable,

• Using manageable change to let the situation benefit you,
• Being patient, waiting for the favorable natural change.

CHAPTER 9
I Ching Text
G
ary and his father-in-law, Walter, who suffers from
Alzheimer’s disease and requires Gary’s help as a caregiver, are
fighting with the disease. Gary has great difficulty with that
role. We can represent that situation with Trigram 2, Water.
As the patient who receives help from others, Walter resembles the earth
receiving energy from heaven. His situation is like Trigram Ø, Earth.
From Gary’s point of view, these two trigrams represent his relation-
ship with Walter, and the resulting hexagram is 2:Ø, Army. Gary is the
commander of one soldier, Walter. Together they fight against a com-
mon enemy, Alzheimer’s disease. What kind of specific strategy should
Gary take to win the fight?
Although the structure of a hexagram can show whether the current
situation is favorable, unfavorable, or neutral, it cannot advise you in
regard to specific actions to take. The I Ching text -- an elegant, orderly,
and lyrical unfolding of the system’s meaning -- will help you apply I
Ching to your life easily and accurately.
The I Ching text for each hexagram includes three sections: a title, the
general text, and a passage for each of the six lines.
1 Title
The title puts a name to the theme for all the text associated with that
hexagram. The general text illustrates the basic situation. The text of

I Ching Text 110
each one of the six lines offers advice relating to the aspect associated
with that particular line.
“Army” is the theme for all the text associated with Hexagram 2:Ø, as
shown below:
Figure 9.1: Situation of Gary
Title Army indicates that Gary is the commander of one soldier, Walter.
They are together in the battle against a common enemy, Alzheimer’s
disease.
2 General Text
Stay on the current course.
It is favorable to an older person.
There is no blame.
The general text describes the overall circumstances of the current

situation and gives general advice to the subject for handling it. In this
example, the “older person” refers to Gary, the subject, not Walter, who
is literally the older person.
I Ching text is much more concrete and visual than the six-line symbols
of the hexagrams but is still abstract and universal -- more like poetry

than prose. That is why in this text, the “old man” should not simply be
interpreted as the one who is older than others -- in this case, Walter.
More interestingly, the original Chinese characters of the “old man”
is zhang ren, meaning father-in-law. If we are constrained by the very
narrow meaning and interpret the sentence “it is favorable for the old
man” as “it is favorable to the father in-law, Walter,” that would be an
incorrect interpretation.
We must base our interpretation on the structure of the hexagram.

The sentence, “It is favorable to an older person” should not be simply
interpreted as “the current situation is favorable.” Here is the structure
of Hexagram 2:Ø:
Figure 9.2: The structure of Hexagram 2:Ø
In this hexagram, only two lines, yin 4 ( ) and yin 6 ( ), are in cor-
rect positions. The others are in incorrect positions. The two central lines
are complementary to each other, but the two bottom lines and the two
top lines are in conflict. The structure of this hexagram indicates that
the current situation is less favorable.
In general, older people are usually more experienced, prudent, slower

paced, rational, and in control of their emotions than younger people.
The text suggests that in the current circumstance, the subject (Gary),
represented by the “older person,” should handle the problem expertly,
prudently, and rationally. If Gary is not an expert on Alzheimer’s dis-
ease, then in this particular instance, he should acquire the knowledge
necessary to be a qualified caregiver, the “old man” of the general text.

I Ching Text 112
3 Texts of Lines
Yin 1
After departure,
The army must be highly disciplined,
Otherwise there will be tragedy.
Remember from Chapter 4 that yin 1 is the subject’s action line. The
text of yin 1 is a suggestion regarding Gary’s action. His action is yin.
He is exhausted from taking care of Walter. This line is in an incorrect
position and in conflict with yin 4, indicating that Gary’s yin action is
unfavorable. Furthermore, the text suggests that Gary should overcome
his feeling of frustration and reluctance: “The army must be highly dis-
ciplined.”
Yang 2
During the expedition,
The situation is favorable.
There is no blame.
The king assigns a mission three times.
The text of yang 2 is a suggestion regarding Gary’s essence. Gary’s es-

sence is yang. He has an important role and the strength for taking care
of Walter. This line is central and complementary to yin 5, indicating
that Gary’s yang essence is favorable. The text suggests Gary uses his
strength to fulfill his obligations: “The king assigns a mission three times.”
Yin 3
Sometimes
When there are so many casualties,

The soldiers’ bodies are removed with wagons.

It is unfavorable.
The text of yin 3 is a suggestion regarding Gary’s attitude. Gary’s attitude

is yin. He is humble, agreeable, and kind, and he loves Walter. Normally
this attitude is positive. In the current circumstance, it is not totally ap-
propriate, however, because Walter’s behavior is abnormal. What if Gary
is kind and does everything for Walter, including tasks Walter could
do for himself? Then his father-in-law may feel the futility of his situ-
ation. What if Gary is patient, teaching Walter to do something again
and again? Then his father-in-law may feel frustrated by his inability to
learn. This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict with yin 6, in-
dicating that Gary’s yin attitude is unfavorable: “Sometimes, when there
are so many casualties. The soldiers’ bodies are removed with wagons.”
Remember that lines 4, 5, and 6 refer to the object, Walter, and apply
to his action (4), essence (5), and attitude (6).
Yin 4
The army retreats.
There is no blame.
The text of yin 4 suggests that Walter’s action is yin. The patient pas-
sively receives help. At times he could be agitated or aggressive, but
those behaviors are symptoms of his disease, not exhibited by choice.
This line is in a correct position but in conflict with yin 1, indicating
that Walter’s action is neutral: “The army retreats. There is no blame.”
Yin 5
There is game in a field.
It is beneficial to facilitate communication.

I Ching Text 114
There is no blame.
While an older son leads the armies into the battle,
A younger son removes the corpses with wagons.
Staying on this course is unfavorable.
The text of yin 5 suggests Walter’s essence is yin. He is sick. This line
is in an incorrect position but complementary with yang 2. Walter’s yin
essence is neutral; the situation depends on how Gary approaches the
care-giving.
Walter has lost much of his short-term memory and his ability to reason
and use language properly. Communication becomes an extremely im-
portant issue between the men. If Walter wanders, Gary might wonder if
his father-in-law might be feeling bored or looking for something, such
as a glass of water or the bathroom facilities. If Walter yells at a visitor,
Gary might wonder if his father-in-law might feel frustrated because he
cannot remember the newcomer’s identity. Gary must try to understand
what message underlies Walter’s behavior and do something about it:
“While an older son leads the army into the battle, a younger son re-
moves the corpses with wagons.” The two brothers symbolize a lack of
communication. “Staying on this course is unfavorable.”
Yin 6
The great leader taught,
That to create a new country, or
To build an inherited family,
Never use an unqualified person.
The text of yin 6 is a suggestion regarding Walter’s attitude, which is yin.

Because of the impairment in brain functions, his attitude is indifferent.
This line is in a correct position but in conflict with yin 3. Walter’s yin

attitude is neutral. Since caring for a patient with Alzheimer’s disease

is a very complicated issue, Gary should seek help from professionals,
as the text suggests: “Never use an unqualified person.”
4 Seeing the Possible Changes

Gary cannot manipulate Walter’s action, essence, or attitude. Even
though these circumstances seem bleak, the text clearly suggests that
Gary can improve the situation by changing some of its aspects. He does
not have to change his own essence, but he can change his action and
attitude, the two unfavorable aspects under his control.
If he changes his action from yin to yang, the consequence hexagram
is 6:Ø, Approach, as shown below:
Figure 9.3: The consequential hexagram, Approach
This change makes the first line yang, in correct position and comple-
mentary to yin 4. The title of hexagram means that the situation is ap-
proaching a better prospect. The general text of this hexagram reads:
Things are going very smoothly.

There will be an unfavorable time after eight months.
This hexagram is more favorable than Hexagram 2:Ø, although it men-

tions “an unfavorable time after eight months.” Eventually Walter’s illness
will enter the last stages. For now “Things are going very smoothly;”

I Ching Text 116
and Gary should “stay on the current course.”

Let’s say that instead of changing his action, Gary changes his atti-
tude from yin to yang. The consequential hexagram is hexagram 3:Ø,
“Rising,” as shown below:
Figure 9.4: The consequential hexagram, Rising
This alteration makes the third line favorable, in correct position, and
complementary to yin 6. The general text of hexagram 3:Ø states:
Things are moving very smoothly.

It is beneficial to visit a great person.
Do not worry.
Expedition toward the south is favorable.
The text states, “Things are moving very smoothly” and suggests that
Gary should consult with professionals to take care of Walter appro-
priately.
If Gary changes his action and his attitude from yin to yang, the con-
sequential hexagram is 7:Ø, which we have discussed in the earlier
chapters. This hexagram, “Peace,” is very favorable, a combination of
the trigrams Heaven and Earth.
All three possible changes -- his action, attitude, or both -- would result
in favorable consequences. Gary should be able to improve his situation,
regardless of how helpless he may feel. This example demonstrates the abil-
ity of the I Ching text to help us look beyond our current difficulties and
view the situation as a whole, with all its possibilities for positive change.

5 Verbatim Translation
If you want to verify the translation of the I Ching text or wonder
about your own interpretation, you will find the verbatim translation
in Appendix 3. The material comes from the very concise ancient texts
engraved on bones or strips of bamboo.
Let’s look at the text of the fifth line of Hexagram 2:Ø, used for Gary
and Walter’s dilemma. The verbatim translation of the first half of the
text of yin 5 is composed of eight Chinese characters: field, have, bird,
benefit, execute, word, no, and blame.
In this book, you will find these characters translated as:

It is beneficial to facilitate the communication.
There is no blame.
Can you see how amazingly well it fits with Walter’s losing the ability
to express his thoughts with language and rely on his behavior for com-
munication? Gary should carefully observe Walter’s actions and strive to
understand their underlying meaning. If Gary’s interpretation is correct,
then he and Walter will improve their situation in spite of the incurable
condition. Similarly, to maximize the possibility of success, hunters in
a field must carefully observe their prey’s behavior.
When the Alzheimer’s disease progresses to its final stage, Gary should
not be blamed. Following the advice of I Ching, Gary will able to be a
qualified caregiver.

Moving Forward 118
END OF PART I
Moving Forward
N
ow that you have reached the conclusion of Part 1, you can be-
gin to use these lessons. Apply them to your own situation or the
situations of your friends, family members, or business partners.
• First, create an appropriate hexagram by combining two trigrams,

subject and object, or pro and con, as you have been shown.
• Study the hexagram’s correct and incorrect lines, and the comple-
mentary lines or lines in conflict, to understand the general nature
of the hexagram.
• Next, refer to the actual I Ching texts, interpret the situation, and
determine how it might be changed by altering lines that are weak.
Part II of this book provides the translation of I Ching text for the sixty-
four hexagrams, along with my comments. You do not have to read all
of them; just pick the text for the hexagram you create.
Always remember that the statements of the I Ching text refer to you,
the subject, and the roles of the lines in the hexagram. Create your own
interpretation of the text so it fits your particular situation. Know you
are always supported by the profound wisdom of those who have stud-
ied and codified the ways of the world so many millennia ago.

PART II
Commentary on
I Ching Text
T
he code of I Ching is the eight trigrams and sixty-four hexa-
grams. They are completely abstract and universal. I Ching text
comments on the hexagrams, and facilitates comprehension of
them. But the text was very concise archetypes and, unfortu-
nately, misleading in its translation and interpretation for divination
purpose.
This part presents a new translation of I Ching text and a commen-

tary on the translation. The commentary is based on the view that a
hexagram represents the status of the two sides of a relationship and
contains two trigrams. One is the subject trigram, and the other is the
object trigram. The three lines symbolize three aspects: action, essence
and attitude. The status of harmony between the aspects makes judg-
ment on the current situation and produces advice for the subject who
selected the hexagram.
The I Ching text for a hexagram includes title, general text and texts for
lines. Comments are derived from analysis of the structure of hexagram.
The order of hexagrams in this part is set by Hexagram Array. The
sixty-four hexagrams are organized into eight groups. Each group has
eight hexagrams with the same subject trigram. The object trigrams are
in the order of the Sequence of the Eight Trigrams. The subject trigrams
of each group are in the order of the Sequence of Eight Trigrams, as well.
If you get a hexagram from other publications, it is very easy to find
its ID number used in this book by utilizing the diagram shown below
(also shown in Chapter 6).
In this diagram, the array is attached with ID numbers of the subject
trigrams in the first column at left, ID numbers of the object trigrams in
the first row on top, and Zhou Yi serial numbers in parentheses under
the symbols of the hexagrams.

Commentary on I Ching Text 122
You may use the diagram above to find the shape of a hexagram and
its serial number in Zhou Yi. For example, if you want to know hexa-
gram 6:4, the ID number of its subject trigram is 6. The ID number of
its object trigram is 4. In the row 6, column 4, there is the symbol of
hexagram 6:4, . It is Hexagram 54 (54 is the serial number in Zhou
Yi). And for Hexagram 4:6, go to row 4, column 6: Its symbol is . It
is hexagram 17 (Zhou Yi).
For example, hexagram 64 is the last hexagram in Zhou Yi. Its shape is
. The subject trigram is . Its ID number is 2. The object trigram is
. Its ID number is 5. The two ID numbers together with a colon be-
tween them become 2:5. So the ID number of hexagram 64 is 2:5. “2:5”
indicates that the hexagram consists of trigram 2 and trigram 5, while
“64” indicates this hexagram is the last one in the Zhou Yi sequence.

CHAPTER 10
When Earth ( ) is the Subject
T
his chapter contains I Ching text of eight hexagrams from
Ø:Ø to Ø:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram Ø, Earth. The typi-
cal characteristic of earth is adaptability. This means responding
to others without resistance, strength, or roughness, gently, docilely,
and peacefully.
1 Hexagram Ø:Ø Earth (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 2)

The title, Earth, means that this relationship is relaxing and peaceful,
like the wide, quiet earth.
In this hexagram, both components are trigram Ø ( ), Earth (adapt-
ability). In the relationship, both the subject and the object are adap-
tive, kind and gentle. The relationship is peaceful and relaxing, like the
situation just after an older relationship has ended, or a new one is be-
ginning. Feeling chilly and tentative in the relationship, as if “treading
on ground covered with frost,” the subject should start to interact with
others, and move toward a more solid relationship.
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is better to stay on the current course
Like a docile mare.
The wise person may move forward cautiously, possibly going astray

When Earth is the Subject 124
at first
But mastering the course in the end.
It is beneficial.
Going to the southwest, the home land,
Meet with friends.
Going to the northeast, the foreign country,
Lose friends.
Calmly staying on the current course is favorable.
Since both sides of the relationship are adaptive, “things are going very
smoothly.” The subject and the object are very polite and responsive;
they do not know each other and do not want to interfere with other’s
business. Since the first impression plays a very important role in the
future, the subject should be very prudent, polite and gentle -- ”docile
like a mare.” A horse is a docile animal, and a mare is more docile than
a stallion. The subject should adapt to the environment, and to the ob-
ject, like a mare.
At the beginning of the development of a relationship, the subject

knows little about the object and does not know what he or she should
do, maybe “going astray at first.” In the event of any missteps, the subject
should be calm, relaxed, cautious, and patient. Then, as the subject gets
to know the object better, he or she will “master ... the course in the end.”
The subject should also be prudent before moving forward, clearly
knowing which direction is right and which is wrong. When the I Ching
text was revised by King Wen, who ruled the country Zhou, it was
southwest of the country Shang, which was hostile to King Wen. This is
the inspiration for the phrases, “going to the southwest, the home land,
meet with friends,” and “going to the northeast, the foreign country, lose
friends.” This stresses the importance of one’s direction in finding and

keeping friends. The subject should calmly stay on the current course
-- being polite like a mare, getting to know the object and figuring out
the right direction.
2 STRUCTURE
Figure 10.1: Structure of hexagram 0:0
Three lines -- yin 2 ( ), yin 4 ( ) and yin 6 ( ) -- are in correct

positions; the other three are incorrect. There is no line complementary
to other lines; all corresponding lines are in conflict with each other.
Hexagram Ø:Ø is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
While treading on ground covered with frost,
One knows that the solid ice may come soon.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to push the rela-
tionship forward. The object does not either. There is no interaction be-
tween the subject and the object; the relationship is cool and the subject
feels chilly, as if treading on ground covered with frost. If the subject
maintains this yin action, the relationship will become even cooler. The
subject should anticipate that a difficult time is coming, as “the solid
ice may come soon.” The subject should change his or her action from
yin to yang.
This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict with yin 4 ( ). The

yin action of the subject is unfavorable.
Yin 2
The world is straight, square and large.
Gain benefit without practice.
Ancient people believed that the earth was big, flat, and square. In a
relationship this relaxed, the subject and the object feel as though they
are freely living on the vast earth.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is in a weak position, having little
strength. However, the yin essence does not hinder the subject from
success, since there is plenty of room for him or her to move around.
The environment is so relaxed and the way of gaining benefit is so easy,
the subject could even gain benefit without the experience that comes
from practice.
This line is in a central and correct position, but in conflict with yin
5 ( ). The yin essence of the subject is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yin 3
Covering his or her brilliance,
One may stay on the current course.
If one serves the country,
One might be not successful,
But will have a good ending.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is very humble, covering up bril-

liance, and not showing off talent. “The country” refers to the object.
Since the object does not know the capability of the subject, “if one
serves the country,” one might not be successful. But finally, through
this service, the object will come to know the subject and the subject

will “have a good ending.”

yin attitude of the subject is unfavorable.
Yin 4
A sack is tied.
There is no blame,
Nor honor.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object is unwilling to open up to the sub-

ject: “A sack is tied.” The subject should respect the object’s privacy, and
does not have to try to untie the sack. The tied sack is not the business
of the subject. The subject should not be blamed or praised.
This line is in a correct position, but in conflict with yin 1 ( ). The
yin action of the object is neutral.
Yin 5
The situation is like wearing a yellow garment,
Which shows nobility.
It is very favorable.
In ancient China, the emperor rewards the servant with “yellow gar-
ments” as an honor and a symbol of high rank in the government. Yin 5
( ) indicates that the object needs help from the subject. If the subject
extends this help, the subject could be repaid for the offer. So the situa-
tion becomes favorable to the subject, like a reward of “yellow garments.”
This line is central but in an incorrect position and in conflict with
yin 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is neutral or a little favorable.

Yin 6
The dragons were fighting on a field.
The blood of the dragons turned to black,
Mixed with yellow dirt.
“Dragons” are legendary animals, very active and with great strength.
In hexagram Ø:Ø, both the subject and object are adaptive, represented
by trigram Ø. So these dragons cannot be interpreted as representing the
subject or the object. Instead, this is the time of a new beginning, after
the battle of dragons is over and their blood has soaked into the earth.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble, adaptable, agreeable
and flexible. The subject has the same attitude as well. Both subject and
object do not care to be arrogant or rough, like a dragon interested in
fighting. So the relationship is at peace, like a quiet field where the fight-
ing between the dragons is over: “The blood of the dragons turned to
black mixed with yellow dirt.” The fighting is history. The subject and
the object are ready to start a new stage of the relationship.
yin attitude of the object is neutral.
Use Yin
It is beneficial to stay on the current course forever.
The text of “Use Yin” offers general instruction on how to use the yin
lines in all the hexagrams. This text applies to the general interpretation
of yang lines in all of the sixty-four hexagrams, except hexagram 7:7,
which contains no yang lines.
“The current course” refers to the situation where the subject is now.
The text suggests that the subject remain wherever he or she is. This
does not mean that things remain static, without change, but means that

the subject should be patient in waiting for a favorable chance to come.

Things in the world are always changing. Even if the subject stands
still at a point in the road, the subject’s situation will keep changing: The
aspects of the object could change and the situation of the subject also
undergoes a natural change. (See Chapter 8.)
The text of “Use Yin” tells the subject that the yin line is like a red light
at the intersection. Be patient, it says; wait at the stop line. The green
light or green arrow will come soon, to guide or move the subject for-
ward toward his or her destiny.
2 Hexagram Ø:1 Deprivation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 23)

The title, Deprivation, means that the subject is deprived of proper
rights in the relationship. In Chinese, the word for “deprivation” is “bo,”
meaning “peel off,” “exploit” or “deprive.”
Trigram Ø ( ), Earth (adaptability), is the subject; trigram 1 ( ),
Mountain (stopping), is the object. The subject is kind and gentle, like
the earth, but the object behaves in a way that is tough and arrogant, like
a mountain standing in the way, depriving the subject of the freedom to
move ahead. The subject should be clever and flexible, to take advantage
of whatever small opportunities arise: If “there are a lot of ripe fruit and
nobody eats them,” the subject should take “them away with a wagon.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
Nowhere is beneficial to go.
Neither the subject nor the object has strength or is ready to move the
relationship forward. The subject is humble, agreeable, and respectful,
but the object is arrogant and stubborn. The current situation of the re-

lationship is awful and bleak: “Nowhere is beneficial to go.” The subject

should adapt to the bad situation, be patient, wait for a better time, and
do nothing at this moment.
2 STRUCTURE
Figure 10.2 Structure of hexagram 0:1
Hexagram Ø:1 has two correct lines, yin 2 ( ) and yin 4 ( ); the
others are in incorrect positions. The two middle lines and the two bot-
tom lines are in conflict; the two top lines are complementary to each
other. Hexagram Ø:1 is not favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
A bed with marred legs is rotting.
Staying on the current course is unfavorable.
Yin 1 indicates that the subject does not want to do something to im-
prove the current situation in the relationship, so it remains like the rot-
ting legs of a bed. A bed is necessary for everyone to sleep on at night,
and legs are the important support for this needed rest. “A bed with
marred legs” indicates that the subject’s yin action is the fundamental
underlying cause of the bad situation.

Yin 2
A bed with a marred headboard is rotting.
In China the headboard of a bed is separate from the feet that support
the bed. It is used for people to lean on to rest. A marred headboard will
not make the bed collapse, but makes people very uncomfortable and
unable to relax. Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject’s essence is like “a
bed with marred headboard.” The subject should make change to be
more active and improve his or her essence by hard work, learning, or
doing something to become stronger.
yin essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
A bed is rotting.
There is no blame.
Yin 3 indicates that the subject is pessimistic about the relationship.

He or she is gentle, adaptable, agreeable and respectful -- “there is no
blame” -- but cannot do much to improve the situation, because the
object is stubborn.
This line is in an incorrect position, but is complementary with yang
6 ( ). The yin attitude of the subject is neutral.
Yin 4
A bed with a marred surface is rotting.
It is unfavorable.
Yin 4 indicates the action of the object is yin. The object does not want

to improve the relationship, and even wants to retreat or terminate the

relationship. The relationship is damaged severely by the yin action of
the object. People cannot sleep on a “bed with marred surface.”
Yin 5
Fish are swimming with a string.
Favored court ladies go with a king.
It is beneficial.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object needs help from the subject, like
the fish swimming with a string seeking food, or the favored ladies fol-
lowing their king. That the object needs the subject keeps the relation-
ship from falling apart. The yin essence of the object benefits the subject.
This line is central, but in an incorrect position and in conflict with
yin 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is neutral.
Yang 6
There are a lot of ripe fruit,
But nobody eats them.
A wise person moves them away with a wagon.
A foolish person is deprived of home
By the fallen fruit.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude is a tree hung with a lot
of ripe fruit -- tall and frightening, with a sweetness that can fall to the
ground at any time. The object is arrogant, reckless and careless, which
possibly leaves chances open to the subject. Whether this is good or bad
depends on how the subject handles the opportunities. If the subject is

smart, he or she simply collects the fruit with a wagon and moves away.
If the subject hesitates and lacks courage to take the chance, he or she
will suffer, and be “deprived of home by the fallen fruit.”
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary with yin 3 ( )
and supported by yin 5 ( ). The yang attitude of the object is neutral.
3 Hexagram Ø:2 Closeness (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 8)

The title, Closeness, is represented by the Chinese character, 比. The
two sides of this character are the same, like a picture of two people sit-
ting in line. Most commonly this character means “to compare,” but in
the case of this hexagram, it indicates a close relationship.
Water (difficulty and danger) is the object. While water can be changeable
and dangerous, when it flows over the earth, it penetrates and moistur-
izes the absorbent soil. So this hexagram symbolizes a close relationship
where the subject, Earth, benefits from the object, Water.
The subject accepts this beneficial help from the object, but the object
has some difficulties in dealing with the subject. The subject should
take the first step to become close to the object, letting the object know
what the subject needs.
1 GENERAL TEXT
The current situation is favorable.

The oracle suggests one should stay on the current course forever.
There is no blame.
Be close to those who were troublesome.
Acting too late is unfavorable.

The “oracle” mentioned in this text usually performed with a turtle’s

shell, by observing the pattern of its cracks after it has been baked above
a flame.
In the current relationship, neither the subject nor the object wants to
move the relationship forward. Both of them are humble, kind, grace-
ful, and respectful. The subject is in a weak position, while the object
is in a strong position. The subject benefits from the object, so the sub-
ject should stay in the current situation, remaining close to the object.
This close relationship is favorable to the subject. The subject should
make an effort to maintain closeness even if the object is troublesome.
If the subject is too late in establishing intimacy with the object, the
subject could lose the chance to have someone take care of him or her,
and the situation will be unfavorable to the subject.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ), yin 4 ( ), yang 5 ( ), and yin 6 ( ),

are in correct positions. The two middle lines are in correct positions
and complementary with each other. The other two lines are in incor-
rect positions. The two bottom lines and the two top lines are in conflict
with each other. Hexagram Ø:2 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
In forming a close relationship sincerely,

There is no blame.
Sincerity is shown
With a jug of wine.
Finally everybody comes together,
Including those who differed.
That is favorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not actively choose to be

close to others. If the subject goes on this way, he or she cannot get help
from others. The subject should change this passive stance, and become
attached to the object actively and sincerely: “In forming a close rela-
tionship sincerely, there is no blame.” Even if the object is not interested
in having a closer relationship, the subject should show a sincere desire
to be closer: “Finally everybody comes together, including those who
differed.” When the subject needs help, he or she will be able to obtain
it from the object: “That is favorable.”
Yin 2
One wishes to be close to others.
Staying on the current course is favorable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is sick, elderly, jobless, or having

other problems, and needs help. Meanwhile, the essence of the object
is yang. In a close relationship, the subject could gain from the object’s
strength. The subject should keep wishing to be closer to the object:
“Staying on the current course is favorable.”
This line is in a correct position, central, and complementary with yang
5 ( ). The yin essence of the subject is favorable.

Yin 3
One is close to an undesirable person.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is kind, gentle, agreeable, and

humble. That makes it possible for the subject to embark on a close re-
lationship with an undesirable person. The subject needs to understand
clearly what kind of person with whom he or she is involved. If the ob-
ject is an undesirable person, the subject should not be too yielding;
instead, the subject should distance himself or herself from that person.
Yin 4
One makes another happy
To be closer.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object has become weary or frustrated

in assisting the subject. The subject should strive to make the object
happy in the relationship, cooperating or responding positively to the
object’s help. Be patient. Do not give up. “Staying on the current course
is favorable.”
Yang 5
There is a union
Based on openness and willingness.
This union is like the story of a king
Who was chasing game from three sides,

Leaving the front side open,

Giving a chance for the animals to escape.
The people in the town were impressed with king’s kindness.
They lived without wariness.
It is favorable.
A similar story was recorded in the historic book Shiji: In a journey

around his country, King Cheng Tang (15ØØ BC), saw a net closed on
all four sides. Servant Zhu said “I catch the animals coming from all
directions into my net.” King Cheng Tang laughed and said, “That is
too brutal. Why do you kill all of them?” and ordered three sides of the
net to be opened. Zhu did this and said: “Those animals, willing to go
to the right, may go to the right. Those animals willing to go to the left
may go to the left. Only those animals, who do not listen to me, will
enter my net and be caught.” Regarding this event, the leaders from
other nearby countries said, “King Cheng Tang is so kind, even kind to
animals.” After that those leaders supported King Cheng Tang. Later,
King Cheng Tang launched a war against Xia, ended the Xia dynasty,
and created a Shang dynasty.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is strong physically, financially, or

spiritually, and is able to help the subject. The subject has something to
gain from the object, like the prospect of animals in the hunting field.
In order to gain the benefit, the subject should respect the object, and
sincerely let the object know what is desired, and why: “There is a union
based on openness and willingness.” The subject also should trust the
object, leaving a room for the object to make decisions and handle spe-
cific issues, “leaving the front side open, giving a chance for the animals
to escape.” In this way, the subject could get the help needed, especially
at a crucial point: “It is favorable.”

This line is in a correct position, central, and complementary to yin 2

( ). The yang essence of the object is favorable.
Yin 6
Without taking the first step
To become close to others
Is unfavorable.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is kind, gentle, agreeable, and adap-
tive -- just like the subject. If the subject always waits for the object to
help and agrees with whatever the object is doing, but does not show
the object where the problems and needs are, the object cannot help. If
the object also respects the subject and is waiting for the subject to feel
better, but does not know what is going on from the subject’s side, the
object will have great difficulty in assisting the subject and become frus-
trated. Finally, the object could become sick of dealing with the subject
and leave the subject alone: “That is unfavorable.” The subject should
take the first step to become close to the object, letting the object know
what he or she needs.
This line is in a correct position, but in conflict with yin 3 ( ), and
it suppresses yang 5 ( ). The yin attitude of the object is unfavorable.
4 Hexagram Ø:3 Watching (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 20)

The title, Watching, means that under current circumstances, the sub-
ject should observe the relationship objectively and fairly, from both
sides, to decide how to get help from the object.
Wind (flexibility) is the object. The wind changes direction frequently,
so that some places on the earth are exposed to the wind, while others

are harbored from it. The adaptable subject is like a sailboat on the seas,
observing the wind direction and responding to its changes.
In the whole text of this hexagram, there is no word of “favorable” or
“unfavorable,” indicating that the development of this relationship and
the subject’s situation profoundly depend on subject’s observations and
methods of handling the relationship. The subject needs help. To get
help from the object, the subject should watch the object: “Reviewing
another’s life is blameless.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
After watching the persons preparing

Themselves to present an offering,
There is no need to see the offering.
The sincerity manifests reverence.
The subject should carefully watch what the object is doing. In the
observation, the subject needs to pay more attention to essential issues
-- such as watching the person preparing to present an offering, which
manifests reverence. The inessential issues in the relationship -- such
as the offering itself -- are negligible, though interesting.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and yang 5 ( ) are in cor-

rect positions, but other three lines are in incorrect positions. The two

middle lines and the two top lines are complementary; and the two
bottom lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram Ø:3 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
There is innocence when children watch.
Foolish watching in the same way is blameless.
This naivete is regrettable in a wise person.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not work hard to improve
the relationship, and instead is staring like a child at obvious things, ig-
noring the object’s essential nature. In the current relationship, the sub-
ject’s yin action -- standing and gawking -- seems innocent and foolish.
If the subject were a child, this innocence would not be blamed. If the
subject were a fool, his or her naivete would not be blamed. However,
the subject is a smart person, not a child or a fool, so his or her yin ac-
tion is regrettable. The subject should continue to watch the object, but
take more initiative in the relationship.
This line is in an incorrect position and conflicts with yin 4 ( ). The
yin action of the subject is regrettable.
Yin 2
Covert watching.
It is beneficial for a woman
To stay on this course.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that a lack of strength and courage causes the

subject to be prudent, and reluctant to expose himself or herself to oth-
ers, like an observer peeking from behind a door. This is a good way

to protect oneself, like a woman protecting her privacy while watching

others carefully through a gap of the door.
The subject is in a weak position and needs help. While the subject
does not know the object very well and is not sure whether the object
would help him or her, it is not necessary for the subject to expose his or
her problem, and the subject should watch the object in a “covert” way.
This line is in a correct position, central, and complementary with yang
5 ( ). The yin essence of the subject is beneficial.
Yin 3
Looking at my life
Back and forth.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble and prudent. When the
subject needs help and is not sure whether the object would be willing
to help, the subject should review his or her past behaviors in dealing
with the object, and think about the possibilities: “Looking at my life,
back and forth.”
This line is complementary with yang 6 ( ), but in a incorrect posi-
tion. The yin attitude of the subject is neutral.
Yin 4
To watch the glory of the country,
It is better to be a guest of the king.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates the action of the object is yin. The object also does
not want to be exposed. To know the true situation of the object, the
subject has to take advantage of every possible chance to get close to the
object, and to observe the object clearly, like being a guest of the king.
If the subject stays far from the object, outside of the “country” and far

from the “king,” it is impossible for the subject to know the object well.
This line is in a correct position, but in conflict with yin 1 ( ). That
indicates the yin action of the object is neutral.
Yang 5
Being a wise person
Reviewing the course of my life
Is blameless.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is in a strong position and able

to provide the help needed. To gain benefit from the object, the subject
has to possess clear self-knowledge -- about what the subject lacks and
needs, and what the subject did in the past to help and adapt to the ob-
ject, and the way of adapting to the object. If the subject examines these
issues carefully, he or she should not be blamed.
This line is in a correct position, central, and complementary with yin
2 ( ). The yang essence of the object is favorable.
Yang 6
Being a wise person
Reviewing another’s life
Is blameless
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, reckless, self-centered,

bossy, or bullying. What kind of person is the object? What will the object
possibly do to the subject? The subject should be irritated by the object’s
rough behavior, but also observe the object carefully, objectively, and
fairly. If the subject does so, the subject could get what he or she wants.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary with yin 4
( ). The yang attitude of the object is neutral.

5 Hexagram Ø:4 Delight (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 16)

The title, Delight, is represented by the Chinese character, “Yu,” also
meaning “elephant.” Trigram Ø ( ), Earth (adaptability), is the sub-
ject; trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement), is the object. The subject
delightedly complies with the movement of the object, just as, after a
long winter, the living things on the earth are delighted at the sound of
thunder, which signals the coming rain.
1 GENERAL TEXT
It is beneficial to appoint a marquis.

It is beneficial to deploy the army.
Like a sleeping elephant awakened by its owner and ready to follow,

the subject was living quietly and peacefully, but the object comes into
his or her life and everything starts to change. At first, the subject has to
do some daily housekeeping work, like an emperor appointing a mar-
quis, or courtier, then start to do business, like the emperor deploying
an army. These are the two steps after a “wakeup call.” Then, the subject
has to face reality and go with the object. Maybe the subject will have
no difficulty getting along with the object, because both the subject and
the object are humble, agreeable and respectful, but they will have a very
hard time because both of them have little strength.
2 STRUCTURE
Figure 10.5: Structure of hexagram 0:4.

In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ) and yin 6 ( ) are in correct positions.

The other four lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines
are complementary. The two middle lines and the two top lines are in
conflict with each other. Hexagram Ø:4 is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
An elephant is trumpeting.
It is unfavorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject only says what he or she wants to
do, but does not really devote effort to improve the relationship, like an
elephant that trumpets without going into motion. The subject and the
object have little strength; if they do not move forward to make them-
selves richer in finance, health or social position, they will have a very
difficult time: “It is unfavorable.”
This line is complementary with yang 4 ( ), but in an incorrect posi-
tion. The yin action of the subject is neutral.
Yin 2
The elephant is walking along a rocky road.
The rocky road is finished before the end of day.
Staying on this course is favorable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject’s yin essence puts him or her on
a difficult journey, like an elephant walking along a rocky road where
there are no trees, grass, or water. The subject cannot get help on this
journey from the object, because the essence of the object is yin, as well.
However, the object is leading the subject along the “rocky road,” which
will be “finished before the end of day.” So the subject should be patient,

persisting in following the object: “Staying on this course is favorable.”

This line is central and in a correct position, but in conflict with yin 5
( ). The yin essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
The elephant is staring
And regrets.
Acting too late
Is regrettable.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject does not trust the object. The sub-
ject observes the object suspiciously, examining himself or herself with
regret for whatever might have gone wrong, like the elephant standing
and staring. The subject should quickly find a conclusion. If it is wrong
to go with the object, the subject should determinedly stop the relation-
ship; otherwise, the subject should follow the object without hesitation:
“Acting too late is regrettable.”
Yang 4
Following others,
The elephant gains a lot.
Do not doubt
The friends gather together,
Like the hair held together by a hair clasp.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is pushing the relationship for-

ward. If the subject follows the object and both work together, the sub-
ject will gain from the relationship, sharing benefits with the object like

“the hair held together by a hair clasp.”

( ). The yang action of the object is neutral.
Yin 5
Those who stay on the current course
Will be sick.
Those who persist on the current course
Will not die.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has little strength and cannot help
the subject, while the subject needs help badly: “Those who stay on the
current course will be sick.” However, the object is leading and the sub-
ject is advancing, so progress is being made. If the subject follows the
object persistently, they will go through this difficult time: “Those who
persist on the current course will not die.”
yin 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is less favorable.
Yin 6
Closing its eyes,
The elephant enjoys.
Making change is blameless.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble. Both sides respect each
other. They get along very well and together walk through difficulties.
The subject enjoys the change, like the elephant closing its eyes. The
subject did the right thing in following the object. Change is blameless.

6 Hexagram Ø:5 Promotion (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 35)

The title, Promotion, is a translation from the Chinese “Jin,” meaning
a promotion in position, or stressing graciousness while visiting others.
Fire (brightness and clinging) is the object. Fire in the upper position and
earth in the lower position form an image of sunrise, the symbol of pro-
motion. While the sun rises from the horizon, the field becomes bright.
When the subject adapts to the brightness of the object, the object
clings to the subject, but also uses or manipulates the subject, promot-
ing the subject “to a high position,” “and then” sending the subject “to
battle.” So the fire’s brightness can burn: “Staying on the current course
is mean” to the subject.
1 GENERAL TEXT
Duke Kang was honored.

He was presented with many horses
And interviewed three times in a single day.
The subject is in a weak position, adaptive and humble. The object wants
to advance but has little strength, intending to use the subject to serve
his or her own purpose. The object is arrogant and bossy, manipulating
the subject, just as King Wen honored his son, Duke Kang, presenting
him with many horses and interviewing him three times in a single day.
The text uses a particular historic event to illustrate the current situ-
ation of the relationship, but the words “favorable” and “unfavorable”
are not used explicitly. This neutrality implies that the subject should
not be satisfied with the achievement without remaining alert to po-
tential danger.

2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ) is the only line in a correct position. The

other five lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the
two top lines are complementary to each other, but the two middle lines
are in conflict with each other. Hexagram Ø:5 is neutral or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
The promotion is like a torture.
Be relaxed and calm even when sincerity is lacking.
There is no blame.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to be promoted,

but he or she is nevertheless promoted by the object: “The promotion
is like a torture.” Apparently the promotion is not sincere, but the situ-
ation is favorable to the subject because of his or her weak position: “Be
relaxed and calm.” Anyway, the subject should enjoy the promotion; it
is the object’s tactic, and the subject should not be blamed.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary to yang 4 ( ).
The yin action of the subject is neutral.
Yin 2
The promotion seems worrisome.


The grandmother might do
A big favor.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has less ability to work well at a
higher position: “The promotion seems worrisome.” But it is the object
who promoted the subject, so if there is a problem, the object should take
care of it. The object is “the grandmother,” who “might do a big favor.”
This line is central and in a correct position, but conflicts with yin 5
( ). The yin essence of the subject is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yin 3
The majority of people support the promotion.
Regret vanishes.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is kind, humble, agreeable, and

respectful. This attitude makes the subject easier to get support from
the object and others: “Regret vanishes.”
This line is complementary to yang 6 ( ), but in an incorrect posi-
tion. The yin attitude is neutral.
Yang 4
Being promoted, like a mole cricket, and then
Staying on the current course is dangerous.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object wants to advance, but lacks es-
sential strength. So the object promotes the subject and uses the subject
for further advancement.
Being promoted, the subject feels like a mole cricket, which has five
skills, none of which are excellent: it can fly, but never high enough to

get over a house. It can climb, but can never reach the top of a tree. It can
swim, but would never get across a river. It can dig holes, but never even
cover its own body. It can walk, but never fast enough to pass a person.
With such limited skills, the subject’s position is insecure: “Staying on
the current course is dangerous.”
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary to Yin 1 ( ).
The yang action of the object is neutral.
Yin 5
Regret vanishes.
Do not worry about loss and gain.
Moving ahead is favorable.
It is beneficial.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object does not have enough strength
and has to cling to the subject. The subject benefits from the promotion
without severe loss. The subject does not have to worry about the gain or
loss: “Regret vanishes.” The subject does not want advancement and pro-
motion, but it happens anyway. The subject should yield to this forward
movement, following the stream: “Do not worry about loss and gain.”
Yang 6
Being promoted to a high position,
Like on a tip of a horn, and then
Being sent to battle against another country
Are blameless, dangerous, but favorable.
Staying on the current course is mean.

Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is so self-centered, bossy, and

demanding that there is little room left for the subject to turn around.
After being promoted to a high position, the subject feels like being
“on a tip of a horn,” without any other choice but that of going to battle
for the object. The situation is blameless but dangerous, and it offers a
chance for the subject to benefit. However, being manipulated by others
is not a happy state of affairs: “Staying on the current course is mean.”
This line is in an incorrect position but complementary to yin 3 ( )
and supported by yin 5. The yang attitude of the object is neutral.
7 Hexagram Ø:6 Gathering (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 45)

The title, Gathering, refers to the act of bringing people together.
Trigram Ø ( ), Earth (adaptability) is the subject; trigram 6 ( ),
Lake (pleasure), is the object. The lake above the earth gathers streams
and rivers together, primarily for replenishing itself. The earth might
benefit from the moisture and irrigation that attend this flow, but also
could be disappointed sadly, “weeping and sniveling.” Because the ob-
ject is seeking pleasure, the adaptable object may share in this pleasure,
but also might not.
1 GENERAL TEXT

A king comes to a temple.
Offering a big animal is favorable.
It is beneficial to do something.

While the subject is weak, the object is strong and able to help the
subject. The subject does not want to improve the relationship, but the
object does, pushing the subject forward. Both the subject and the object
respect each other. Generally, “things are going smoothly.”
The subject is sick, or has some other problems, and needs help, in the
same way that “a king comes to a temple” to pray for an ancestor’s bless-
ing. The object is healthy, or has other strengths or powers. The subject
should be close to the object: “It is beneficial to visit a great person.”
The object meets with the subject and helps him or her: “Things are
going smoothly.” Despite reluctance, the subject should keep in touch
with the object: “Staying on the current course is beneficial.” The sub-
ject should show sincerity and respect for the object: “Offering a big
animal is favorable.”
With the object’s help, the subject should do something to improve his
or her situation: “It is beneficial to do something.” However, whatever is
done must be done correctly. Here is an implication: if the subject does
not respect the object enough, offering a small or middle-sized ani-
mal instead of a big one, the situation could become unfavorable. And
without the help from the object, the subject could have nowhere to go.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yin 2 ( ), yang 5 ( ) and yin 6 ( ),

are in correct positions. The other three lines, yin 1 ( ), yin 3 ( ), and
yang 4 ( ), are in incorrect positions. The two middle lines and the

two bottom lines are complementary to each other. The two top lines
are in conflict. Hexagram Ø:6 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
There is a sincerity,
But not enduring.
The people are in discord at some times
And in agreement at other times.
Somebody behaves inappropriately,
Making loud noises,
But returns to acceptable behavior, smiling,
After stern criticism.
Then everybody feels happy.
Nothing is disquieting.
Going ahead is blameless.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to improve the re-
lationship, but is compelled by the object who is offering to help: “There
is a sincerity, but not enduring.” The object wants to have a better rela-
tionship -- but because the object seeks greater power, not because of
the subject’s essential qualities: “The people are in discord at some times
and in agreement at other times.” When feeling unhappy with the situ-
ation, the subject might enter into a dispute with the object, “making
loud noises.” But when the object responds with “stern criticism,” the
subject yields to the object -- ”Then everybody feels happy.” The object
keeps helping the subject, and all is well: “Nothing is disquieting.” In
gathering together with the object and “going ahead,” the subject should
not be blamed.


Yin 2
Being led by the other is favorable.
There is no blame.
Being sincere is beneficial,
Even with a simple sacrifice.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is sick, jobless, or has other prob-
lems in life and needs help. The object is strong, and can lead the sub-
ject through a difficult time. The subject should accept this help: “Being
led by the other is favorable. There is no blame.” To please the object
for offering such assistance, “being sincere is beneficial, even with a
simple sacrifice.”
This line is central, in a correct position and complementary with yang
Yin 3
While people gather together,
Someone sighs with dissatisfaction.
It doesn’t benefit anybody.
To go ahead is blameless.
It is a little mean.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject respects the object because the
subject seeks the object’s help. The object is agreeable, kind, and grace-
ful, because the object wants to get support from others to expand his
or her own interests. So the two sides have different goals: “While peo-
ple gather together, someone sighs with dissatisfaction.” The subject,

who truly needs help, should overcome this reluctance, which “doesn’t
blame anybody,” and should not be blamed for following the object.
However, “it is a little mean,” when the subject follows the object reluc-
tantly, without sincerity.
yin attitude of the subject is less favorable.
Yang 4
There is no blame.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object approaches and helps the subject:
“It is very favorable.” The subject accepts the object’s offer, and “there
is no blame.”
( ) and supported by yin 3 ( ). The yang action of the object is neu-
tral, or a little favorable.
Yang 5
When people gather together,
Everybody has a position.
There is no blame.
There is a lack of sincerity.
From the beginning it always is this way.
Regret vanishes.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is in a strong position physically,

financially, or spiritually, and is able to help the subject. The subject
accepts the help because he or she really needs it. The object helps the
subject out of a moral duty or some other obligations, and wants to ex-

pand his or her own interests: “When people gather together, everybody
has a position.” If the subject can keep this reality in mind, “there is no
blame.” But the subject should not think that the object is offering help
for the subject’s sake: “There is lack of sincerity.” From the beginning, the
subject sees the need to follow the object, and then follows persistently,
because of the benefits of this course: “Regret vanishes.”
This line is in a correct position, central and complementary to yin 2
Yin 6
Weeping and sniveling.
There is no blame.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object looks gentle, kind, and agreeable,
but, in reality, lacks sincerity. That makes the subject feel unhappy, giving
in to weeping and sniveling. However, because the subject does benefit
from the object, even if it’s not enough, it is right for the subject to be
gathered into the object’s forces: “There is no blame.”
8 Hexagram Ø:7 Denial (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 12)

The title, Denial, in Chinese is “Pi,” also meaning “false” or “negative.”
Heaven (strength), is the object. The subject adapts to the powerful object
like earth adapts to heaven, receiving energy and yielding to its power. It is
not imaginable that living things on earth could survive without the light
and heat from heaven; in the same way it is not imaginable that the subject
can live -- except in misery -- without the object’s assistance or permission.

1 GENERAL TEXT
Dealing with a wrong person

Is the cause of sadness.
It is not beneficial to stay on this course.
What is lost is large.
What is gained is small.
The subject is weak, and wants to stay in a quiet and peaceful environ-
ment, living with others in a friendly way. The object approaches the sub-
ject and actively helps the subject. This seems like a good chance for the
subject, but the object is self-centered and a bully, not the right person
for the subject, but a “wrong person.” This relationship brings sadness
to the subject. The subject gains some benefit from the object, but loses
freedom and dignity: “What is lost is large. What is gained is small.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, only two lines, yin 2 ( ) and yang 5 ( ), are in

correct positions. The other four lines, yin 1 ( ), yin 3 ( ), yang 4
( ), and yang 6 ( ), are in incorrect positions. Although all the lines
in this hexagram are complementary to the corresponding lines, the four
incorrect positions indicate that this hexagram is unfavorable.

3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
When a reed is pulled out of the ground,
All the reeds come out together.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to be deeply involved
in the relationship, but the object is pushing the relationship forward.
The subject is unable to resist the object, and follows along, entangled
in the relationship like reeds bundled together. On the other hand, this
tie benefits the subject, because if “a reed is pulled out of the ground,
all the reeds come out together,” so “staying on this course is favorable.”
Yin 2
Flattery is disguised.
It seems favorable to a wicked person,
But not to the nice people.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is sick, having financial difficulty

or other troubles in life. The subject needs help. However, while the sub-
ject tries to gain from the object, the subject should not feel flattered;
otherwise, even though the subject could get what he or she needs --
caring, money, or other assistance -- the subject will lose rights, freedom
or dignity. “It seems favorable to a wicked person, but not to the nice
people.” Actually, because the subject and the object are tied together,

sharing common interests, without the distraction of flattery, things

will still go smoothly.
This line is central, in a correct position and complementary to yang
Yin 3
Covering a problem up is shameful.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble and adaptive. Facing the
rough, rude, and bossy object, the subject may want to cover problems
up. If the subject behaves dishonestly, the object could control and use
the subject: “Covering a problem up is shameful.”
The yin attitude of the subject is neutral.
Yang 4
There is a commission.
There is no blame.
Share benefit with others.

ward out of duty or obligation, or to use the subject to reach the object’s
own goal. “There is a commission” that ties the subject and the object
together, making the subject able to share some benefit with the object.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary to yin 1 ( ).
Yang 5
The bad time is over.
The situation favors the nice person.

“Disaster is coming, disaster is coming,”

This warning is posted on a mulberry tree.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is strong and helps the subject.
The situation favors the subject. However, the subject should be aware
of the danger from the object’s tendency to supervise, manipulate, and
control others. Anytime the object feels unhappy with the subject, the
object could put the subject in jeopardy. The subject should remember:
“Disaster is coming, disaster is coming” on the signs posted on a “mul-
berry tree,” which is mostly planted in China for feeding silk worms
with its leaves.
This line is central, in a correct position and complementary to yin 2
( ). That indicates the yang essence of the object is favorable.
Yang 6
The bad situation has turned over,
Starting with sadness,
Ending in happiness.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, harsh, demanding,
and bossy. At first, under the harsh control of the object, the situation
for the subject is very bad. However, things are always changing, and the
yang attitude of the powerful object finally leads the object into trouble
and forces the object to change. If the subject waits for the situation to
evolve, the subject will enjoy happiness. While the object remains in
power, the subject should be patient, following the object and waiting
for the favorable change to happen.
The yang attitude of the object is neutral.

CHAPTER 11
When Mountain ( ) is the Subject
T
his chapter contains I Ching text of eight hexagrams from 1:Ø
to 1:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 1, Mountain. The typical
characteristic of mountain is to stop or block. Mountains are tall,
and they stop everything that approaches. Mountains are stable, never
changing position.
1 Hexagram 1:Ø Modest (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 15)

The title, Modest, describes what Chinese people see as an important
virtue.
Trigram 1 ( ), Mountain (stopping), is the subject; trigram Ø ( ),
Earth (adaptability), is the object. Unlike water -- which flows over the
land to make rivers, lakes and oceans; unlike wind -- which blows across
the fields, displaying great power; and also unlike fire -- which burns
forests and threatens animals -- the mountain stands quietly on the
earth, not boasting about its tallness or taking advantage of neighbors.
It constrains itself, showing honesty, fairness and respect.
In the text of this hexagram, you will not read such negative, judgmen-
tal words such as “blame,” “regret,” “mean,” “danger,” or “unfavorable.”
This is because, for more than five thousands years, the Chinese people
have been endorsing the virtue of modesty.

When Mountain is the Subject 162
1 GENERAL TEXT

A modest person has a good ending.
Both the subject and the object are weak, but the subject is a little
stronger. While the object yields to the subject, the subject does not
take advantage of the object, but stands firmly beside the object, like a
faithful person taking care of a friend when both of them are trapped
in a very difficult situation. Since they are working together, “things
are going smoothly.” The subject is modest and gives confidence to the
object, so the subject “has a good ending.”
2 STRUCTURE
In hexagram 1:Ø, four lines, yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ), yin 4 ( ) and

yin 6 ( ), are in correct positions. The other two lines, yin 1 ( ) and
yin 5 ( ), are in incorrect positions. The two top lines are complemen-
tary, and the two bottom lines and the two middle lines are in conflict.
Hexagram Ø:1 is neutral, or a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
A truly modest person demonstrates
Modesty when taking adventures

Like crossing big rivers.

It is favorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is not inclined to move forward

in the relationship. If the subject changes his or her action from yin to
yang, “crossing big rivers,” and demonstrates modesty while fulfilling
these significant missions, the situation will be favorable for the subject.
Yin 2
Be modest in communication.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is sick, has difficulties in finance,

business, or social issues, or suffers from other disadvantages in life
as does the object. If the subject honestly tells the truth to the object,
without boasting, both of them will work together and the situation
will be favorable.
Yang 3
Be modest in taking credit.
A nice person has a favorable ending.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject seems arrogant, demanding and

bossy, but is modest about taking credit. When something has been
done, the subject always counts the contributions of the others first,
objectively and fairly. The object feels the subject is honest and truthful.

This modesty brings a favorable ending for the subject.

This line is in a correct position and complementary to yin 6 ( ). The
yang attitude of the subject is favorable.
Yin 4
Nothing is detrimental.
Be modest in dealing with everything.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that -- like the subject -- the object is self-pro-

tective and not inclined to go too far in the relationship. “Nothing is
detrimental” for the subject in this. If the subject is modest in dealing
with everything, the object will reward the subject with confidence,
trust and respect.
Yin 5
A modest person does not try
To become rich by taking advantage of neighbors.
It is beneficial to be modest during a war.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object is essentially in a weak position and

needs help. So the subject helps, not taking advantage of the object, but
working together with the object to get through the difficulties, being
modest during the “war.” The object supports the subject, so “nothing
is detrimental.”

Yin 6
Be modest in communication.
It is beneficial to be modest during
Advancing and conquering another country.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble, agreeable, and respectful.

Now, both the subject and the object are working together to go through
a challenging time, like “advancing and conquering another country.” If
the subject honestly tells the truth to the object, without boasting, the
object is more likely to understand and cooperate with the subject. That
makes their path together easier.
This line is in a correct position and complementary to yang 3 ( ).
The yin attitude of the object is favorable.
2 Hexagram 1:1 Stop (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 52)

The title of hexagram 1:1, Stop, indicates that the relationship is in an
awkward situation.
Hexagram 1:1 consists of double trigram 1 ( ), Mountain (stopping).
A mountain blocks what is coming toward it and also keeps its own po-
sition unchanged. The two sides involved in this relationship are like
two mountains: neither of them shifting position, yielding, communi-
cating, or interacting.
1 GENERAL TEXT
She holds his back,

But cannot keep his body.
She comes over to his courtyard,
But cannot see him.

There is no blame.
Both the subject and the object have little strength, and neither one
attracts the other. Both have no interest in improving the relationship,
and both are stubborn. There is no touching or communication between
the two, and yet they persist in the relationship. Now the subject is try-
ing to find a way out of this dilemma: “She holds his back, but cannot
keep his body. She comes over to his courtyard, but cannot see him.”
Here, “she” refers to the subject and “he” refers to the object. The subject
does try to solve the problems, so “there is no blame.” If nobody tries to
address the problems, all should be blamed.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ), and yin 4 ( ) are in cor-

rect positions, but all the corresponding lines of the two component
trigrams conflict with each other. Hexagram 1:1 is a little unfavorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
She holds his toes.
There is no blame.
It is good to stay on the current course forever.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject has no interest in improving the

relationship. But now the subject is trying to find a way out. So a little
effort is put forth, as described in the phrase “she holds his toes”: The
subject is willing to make a small gesture. Since the toe is the lowest part
of body, holding the toes is not a strong enough act to stop someone
from running away. It is just a test of the object’s attitude, to see how
easy it would be to persuade the object to stay. Since the subject is do-
ing his or her best, “there is no blame.” This small, modest gesture of
testing should continue until the two sides find a way to talk and solve
their problems: “It is good to stay on the current course forever.”
yin action of the subject is unfavorable. This means the subject should
persist in as much action as possible, even if it’s only “holding his toes,”
and seek the chance to change his or her action from yin to yang.
Yin 2
She holds his calves,
But he goes away.
Since she cannot follow him,
She feels unhappy.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has very little power to control
the object. “She holds his calves,” but cannot stop the object from run-
ning away. That she is unable to follow the object makes her unhappy.
Yang 3
When she holds his waist,
He strikes, even splitting his muscle.
That is dangerous.

She feels her heart is burning.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s stubborn attitude inspires a dra-

matic, desperate gesture: “she holds his waist.” This succeeds in keeping
the object from escaping from the relationship, but results in a danger-
ous struggle: “He strikes, even splitting his muscle. That is dangerous.
She feels her heart is burning.” This situation is difficult, possibly pain-
ful for the subject.
This line is in a correct position, but in conflict with yang 6 ( ). The
yang attitude of the subject is neutral.
Yin 4
She holds his body.
There is no blame.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that when the subject tries to stop the problems
in the relationship from getting worse, the object yields to the subject’s
efforts without resistance. When “she holds his body,” the object does
not run away. Because the subject is trying to hold the relationship to-
gether, the subject should not be blamed.
Yin 5
She holds his cheek,
And talks with him patiently.
Regret vanishes.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object is weak physically, financially, or

spiritually, and needs help. When the subject engages in a sincere and

direct conversation, and “holds his cheek,” it seems he does not resist.
This is the starting point for solving the problems: “Regret vanishes.”
Yang 6
She urges him to stop uncongenial behavior.
That is favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s behavior is “uncongenial” -- ar-

rogant or rude or destructive, perhaps involving drugs, alcohol, or vio-
lence. Urging the object to stop this behavior is favorable for the subject.
This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict with yang 3 ( ).
The yang attitude of the object is unfavorable.
3 Hexagram 1:2 Lame (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 39)

The title, Lame, in Chinese also means difficulty in walking.
Trigram 1 ( ), Mountain (stopping) is the subject; trigram 2 ( ),
Water (danger or difficulty) is the object. A mountain may block the
flow of the water. The subject is arrogant and stubborn, like the moun-
tain, blocking the object’s effort to improve the relationship or help the
subject. This frustrates the object and makes the relationship awkward.
Indeed, the subject is weak, like a lame animal, but still limps away from
the object, who is a “great person” and could offer help.
1 GENERAL TEXT
The current situation benefits southwest,

But not northeast.

It is beneficial to see the great person.

At the time when King Wen revised the Yijing text, he was living in the
“southwest,” so this term refers to the homeland. The northeast refers to
the foreign country. The subject should maintain the relationship, not
break it up: “The current situation benefits southwest, but not north-
east.” The object is strong and able to help the subject: “It is beneficial
to see the great person.” If the subject can maintain the relationship and
become closer to the object, “staying on the current course is favorable.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, five lines are in correct positions, except yin 1 ( ).

The two middle lines and the two top lines are complementary to each
other. The two bottom lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram
1:2 is neutral, or a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Compared to limping away,
Limping back is honorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject, while having a severe difficulty,

has no interest in improving the relationship and even wants to with-

draw from it, “limping away.” But, actually, it would be better to recom-
mit to the relationship: “Compared to limping away, limping back is
honorable.” The subject should stay with the object because the object
will help the subject.
This line is in an incorrect position and conflicts with yin 4 ( ). The
Yin 2
As a servant to the king,
I am limping around with a single leg.
That is not my fault.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is in a weak position, “limping

around with a single leg.” The situation is difficult, but it is not the sub-
ject’s fault, because the subject is trying to work with the object, “as a
servant to the king.” With help from the object, the situation will be bet-
ter. If the subject yields to the difficulty and breaks up with the object,
the situation will become worse. That will be the fault of the subject.
Yang 3
Limping back makes the situation reverse.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s attitude is stubborn, but also

truthful and honest, firmly dedicated to the relationship and insistent
about accepting assistance from the object. In conflict with his or her
own actions of seeking distance from the object, the subject firmly de-
sires to be closer, revealing problems to the object truthfully and hon-

estly. That makes helping the subject easier for the object. In this way,
the subject’s disadvantageous situation could be reversed.
Yin 4
Limping back makes the connection stronger.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object is frustrated with the relationship

and is even ready to leave. In this difficult time, if the subject struggles
to make the relationship closer, that will enhance the connection be-
tween the two sides: “Limping back makes the connection stronger.”
Yang 5
A big limp.
The friend comes to help.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is in a strong position -- healthy

or enjoying financial or social support -- and is able to help the subject.
When the subject has a severe difficulty, “a big limp,” the object, “the
friend,” comes to help.
Yin 6
Limping back is much more favorable.

It is beneficial to see a great person.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates the attitude of the object is yin. The object is kind,
humble, agreeable, respectful and graceful. If the subject manages not
to leave the object, and instead limps back to the object with “a single
leg,” the object will help the subject. The situation will be much better.
The subject should make the effort to approach the object, the “great
person,” who has the ability to help.
4 Hexagram 1:3 Gradual (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 53)

The title, Gradual, indicates that the relationship develops gradually.
Wind (flexibility), is the object. The mountain can stop the blowing
wind, or divert the wind’s direction when it is close to the mountain,
but it cannot change the wind’s volatile behavior. The subject would
like to be able to control the object, so that the object does not simply
go around the subject as if he or she were an obstacle in the way, but
remains nearby -- a gentle breeze instead of a fickle wind. But under
the current circumstance, the subject has to be patient, “staying on the
current course.”
The text of this hexagram manifests a particular relationship, mar-
riage. A woman is the subject, her husband is the object. A wild goose
serves as the image of the husband, underlining his mobility. But when
the hexagram applies to a real situation, the relationship is not necessar-
ily a marriage relationship, and the subject is not necessarily a woman.

1 GENERAL TEXT
The marriage is favorable to the lady.

The subject is weak, sick, elderly, or having financial, social, or spiri-

tual difficulties, and needs help. But the subject acts firmly, like a moun-
tain standing still, without advancing. The object has a great physical,
financial, social or spiritual strength, and is able to help the subject:
“The marriage is favorable to the lady.” However, the object is volatile,
like a wind blowing in unpredictable directions. The subject should be
patient, waiting for the object to become stable gradually, like a wind
dying down: “staying on the current course is beneficial.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram four lines are in correct positions, except yin 1

( ) and yang 6 ( ). The two middle lines are complementary with
each other. The two bottom lines and the two top lines are in conflict.
Hexagram 1:3 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
A wild goose approaches the shore.
A man comes to a lady.

There are rumors that

Going with this man could be dangerous.
There is no blame.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject, the lady, does not actively approach
the object, the man, but remains still and worries about the danger of
going out with the man. The subject is protecting himself or herself,
courteously paying attention to the “rumors that going with this man
could be dangerous.” The subject should not be blamed.
Yin 2
A goose lands on a boulder.
A man comes to a lady.
They eat and drink in peace and harmony.
It is favorable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject does not have great power, but
the object approaches the subject to “eat and drink” with her “in peace
and harmony.” The current situation is favorable for the subject, because
the object has much to offer.
Yang 3
A goose flies to a field.
Her husband goes away to war.
He does not return.
The lady conceives from another man.

The lady cannot nurture the baby.

It is good for her husband far away
Fighting with an invader.
It is unfavorable to the lady.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is like a lady who does not pa-
tiently wait for her husband to return home, but has an affair with an-
other man. Her yang attitude results in “conceiving from another man”
and she “cannot nurture the baby.” This yang attitude is unfavorable to
the subject, because it can cause rash actions in a position of weakness.
Yin 4
A goose lands on a tree
And perhaps finds a place to roost.
It is not a comfortable place
For the goose to stay.
The lady is expecting her husband back home.
There is no blame.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object is not enthusiastic about moving

the relationship forward, but is perched nearby for the moment. “A
goose lands on a tree,” instead of the land where it came from, and this
tree “is not a comfortable place for the goose to stay.” The subject is sin-
cerely hoping the relationship will improve, and should not be blamed.

Yang 5
A goose flies to a hill.
Her husband goes far away with the army.
She does not conceive for three years.
The enemy is unable to conquer the army.
Finally, it is favorable.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object possesses strength. However, the

object has to use his strength for fulfilling his mission, not for helping
the subject: “Her husband goes far away with the army.” It will take some
time before the object’s strength is available to help the subject: “She
does not conceive for three years.” If the subject is patient, the situation
will improve: “Finally, it is favorable.”
Yang 6
The goose flies back to the land,
And stays there leaving a lot of feathers.
The feathers are very beautiful
And can be used as ornaments.
It is favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, rough, bossy, or self-

centered. The object is also boastful, like the goose showing off its beau-
tiful feathers. Like the object, the subject is also bossy and demanding.
But since the subject is weak and needs help, they might get along very
well in the end -- after the object is through fighting other battles and
“flies back to the land.” The object has something of value to offer the
subject: “The feathers are very beautiful and can be used as ornaments. It

is favorable.” However, the value of the feathers is superficial, not signifi-

cant. The favorable result of this relationship also could be insignificant.
5 Hexagram 1:4 Tolerance (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 62)

The title, Tolerance, in Chinese consists of two characters: “small” and
“pass.” That means, “let the small one pass through.” The implication is:
Do not let the big one pass through.
Trigram 1 ( ), Mountain (stopping), is the subject; trigram 4 ( ),
Thunder (movement) is the object. Tolerance occurs when a mountain
muffles the rumblings of thunder but allows a small portion of the sound
to pass through. The title implies that in this relationship, the subject
should solve the problems when they are small and manageable, like
the sound of thunder in the distance. Letting the problems pile up, out
of control, can give rise to “catastrophe, or ailment.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

One may do something unimportant,
But not important.
A voice of flying bird says:
“It is not good to soar up, but down.”
The subject does not want to move forward in the relationship, but the
object does. The subject is pushed by the object until they work together:

“Things are going smoothly. It is beneficial to stay on the current course.”

On the other hand, both subject and object possess little strength,
and can only attempt modest achievements: “One may do something
unimportant, but not important.” The object is humble, respectful and
prudent, while the subject is arrogant and reckless. So they are get-
ting along very well, but may be neglecting the conflict that is building
up. The subject should heed “a voice of flying bird,” that says, “It is not
good to soar up, but down.” The subject should not just go along with
the object, like the bird soaring ever higher in the sky, but also should
be looking down, finding out the problems when they remain under
control and swooping down to solve them. If the subject can follow this
advice, the situation is favorable to the subject.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ), and yin 6 ( ) are in correct

positions, but the other three are in incorrect positions. The two bottom
lines and the two top lines are complementary to each other. The two
central lines are in conflict. Hexagram 1:4 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Acting like a flying bird is unfavorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not seek to move like a bird

at the sound of thunder, but to stay in place like a mountain. The ob-
ject pushes the subject to move, but while yielding to the object’s force,
the subject should carefully observe changes in the situation and do
something to prevent trouble -- not in the flighty manner of a bird that
neglects what happens on the ground.
Yin 2
One does not meet with the grandfather
Who passed through,
But meets with the grandmother.
One does not reach the king
Who went too far,
But reaches the minister.
There is no blame.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has less strength and needs help.
In seeking assistance from others, the subject should tolerate disap-
pointments and make compromises. If the subject does not succeed in
reaching his or her primary goal -- “does not meet with the grandfather”
or “reach the king who went too far” -- but gains something beneficial
-- “meets with the grandmother” or “reaches the minister” -- the sub-
ject should not be blamed.
This line is central, in a correct position, but in conflict with yin 5 ( ).
The yin essence of the subject is neutral.
Yang 3
If the animal does not go beyond the fence,
Prevent it from doing so.

If it appears to be going beyond the fence,

No matter, letting it go or killing it.
That is unfavorable.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant, bossy, and demand-

ing, which is helpful for maintaining control. Since both the subject and
the object have little strength, no resources, no experience, or no sup-
port, it is important to keep any problems contained, like an animal that
“does not go beyond the fence.” If this prevention fails, and the problem
gets out of control, it doesn’t matter what the subject does at that point,
“letting it go or killing it.” If this happens, the relationship can become
a lost cause: “That is unfavorable.”
This line is in a correct position, complementary to yin 6 ( ), and
supported by yin 2 ( ). The yang attitude of the subject is favorable.
Yang 4
There is no blame.
Meet with the animal, which does not pass yet.
Be aware of the danger from letting it going away.
Do not let it go.
Stay on this course forever.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object pushes the relationship forward,

while the subject follows: “There is no blame.” However, the subject
should pay attention to anticipate problems before they happen: “Meet
with the animal, which does not pass yet.” “Be aware of the danger”
when problems get out of hand. “Stay on this course forever,” remain-
ing courteous and watchful as the relationship develops.

Yin 5
There are the dense clouds,
But it is not rain yet.
The clouds come from our west suburbs.
The lord shoots an animal in a cave
And catches it.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object pushes the relationship forward,

but has no experience, resources, or support for his or her actions. The
subject follows the object, but is weak and unable to help the object. In
this relationship, there could be problems, but they have not surfaced:
“There are the dense clouds, but it is not rain yet.” In the middle of this
insecure situation, the subject should be realistic and pragmatic, and
stick to actions that are possible and useful, like a lord who “shoots an
animal in a cave and catches it” while the clouds are gathering outside.
Yin 6
One does not meet with the animal,
Which passes the fence.
A bird flies away,
It is unfavorable.
It is called catastrophe,
Or ailment.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble, agreeable, respectful

and graceful, while the subject is arrogant, rough, reckless, and bossy.
The subject gets along well with the object, but the problems in the re-
lationship could be easily neglected. When problems come to the sur-

face, they are already out of control and cannot be faced: “One does not
meet with the animal, which passes the fence.” When this happens, the
relationship suffers damage and is very hard to restore to its original
state, like a bird that “flies away.” “It is unfavorable” -- amounting to a
“catastrophe, or ailment.”
6 Hexagram 1:5 Travel (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 56)

The title, Travel, suggests that the relationship between the subject
and the object resembles that of a landlord and travelers. The landlord
receives the booking requests from the travelers, provides services, and
receives payment; then the travelers go on their way.
Fire (brightness and clinging) is the object. The bright object flickers,
and needs the subject to cling to, just as a traveler needs a hotel to stay
in at night. The subject does not stand to gain too much from the object,
and also cannot hurt the object, because the object is a moving target:
“The travelers are like pheasants. If I shoot a pheasant, it flies away with
my arrow. I get nothing, but lose an arrow.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
Things are going a little smoothly.

The travelers always stop by me.
The object comes to the subject, advancing the relationship further, but
both sides have little strength, and their arrogant and bullying attitudes

conflict. The situation is acceptable, but not great: “Things are going a
little smoothly.” The subject is in a weak position and needs help. If the
object comes to the subject frequently, the subject benefits, like a land-
lord with a full house: “The travelers always stop by me. Staying on the
current course is favorable.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, only yin 2 ( ) and yang 3 ( ) are in correct posi-

tions; other lines are in incorrect positions. Only the two bottom lines are
complementary to each other. The other lines are in conflict. Hexagram
1:5 is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
The travelers are petty.
They cause me trouble.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to improve the re-
lationship, but the object does. The object pushes the subject to advance
further. However, the essence of the object is yin, so the object cannot
help the subject too much: “The travelers are petty.” And in attitude, the
object as well as the subject is arrogant, self-centered, and bossy: “They
cause me trouble.”

Yin 2
Travelers stop by my house.
I receive payment,
And hire a child servant.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is in a weak position and needs

help. The object comes to the subject and helps a little, like a traveler
paying for a night’s lodging: “Travelers stop by my house. I receive pay-
ment, and hire a child servant.” Because of this benefit, the subject should
keep in contact with the object: “Stay on the current course.”
Yang 3
The travelers burn my house.
I lose my child servant.
It is dangerous.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant, rough, and bossy.

And so is the object, so the two sides could become entangled in a con-
flict that is destructive for the subject: “The travelers burn my house.
I lose my child servant.” This rough and bossy behavior could damage
the relationship: “It is dangerous.”
yang attitude of the subject is neutral, or less favorable.
Yang 4

The travelers stay in my house.

I get a lot of money in axe-shaped currency.
I feel unhappy.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object wants to have a better relation-

ship, and is willing to contribute: “The travelers stay in my house. I get
a lot of money in axe-shaped currency” -- which was a kind of highly
valuable cash used in ancient times. However, the object is arrogant
and demanding, so the subject is less than pleased with this exchange:
“I feel unhappy.”
Yin 5
The travelers are like pheasants.
If I shoot a pheasant,
It flies away with my arrow.
I get nothing, but lose an arrow.
I have to keep my dignity and live to the end.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object is essentially weak, but mobile.

While the subject tries to hurt the object, the object cannot fight against
the subject, but can flee: “The travelers are like pheasants. If I shoot a
pheasant, it flies away with my arrow. I get nothing, but lose an arrow.”
The subject cannot gain from the object’s weakness. The subject is also
weak and arrogant. Though there is no way to make the situation bet-
ter, “I have to keep my dignity and live to the end.”
This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict to yin 2 ( ), but
central. The yin essence of the object is neutral, or less favorable.

Yang 6
A bird has its nest burned.
The travelers are excited and laughing at first,
But cry for their tragedy at the end.
“The oxen were lost in the country of I Ching.”
It is unfavorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, rough, rude, and

demanding. So is the subject, which causes problems in the relation-
ship. The object’s yang attitude can mean that he or she enjoys causing
trouble, but is not essentially a cruel person: “A bird has its nest burned.
The travelers are excited and laughing at first, but cry for their tragedy
at the end.”
In this text, I Ching is a name of a country in ancient times. “The oxen
were lost in the country of I Ching,” refers to a story that originated
around 19ØØ B.C. Duke Hai, with his brother Heng, drove a group of
wagons and a big flock of sheep and oxen into the country of I Ching.
The oxen drew the wagons. The inhabitants of I Ching had never seen
that method of transportation. Duke Mianchen, the leader of I Ching,
entertained Duke Hai and his entourage and asked if they would teach
him to train oxen in this manner, and Duke Hai agreed.
During his stay, Duke Hai discovered Duke Mianchen’s very beautiful
daughter. He met with her secretly, but his brother Heng discovered their
secret. Heng was also interested in this beautiful young girl, and disclosed
the affair to Duke Mianchen out of jealousy. Duke Mianchen, outraged,
killed Duke Hai and confiscated all the wagons, oxen and sheep.
By citing this story, the text suggests the yang attitude of the object is
not good for the object.
But it is not good for the subject either, who is like the landlord whose
travelers get themselves into trouble; this means the landlord loses busi-

ness and suffers loss as well.

This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict to yang 3 ( ). The
yang attitude of the object is unfavorable.
7 Hexagram 1:6 Enjoyable (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 31)

The title, Enjoyable is represented in Chinese by the word “Gan,” mean-
ing “to feel” or “to sense.”
Lake (pleasure), is the object. The lake is above the mountain, like a
reservoir at the peak that sends refreshing waterfalls cascading down
the mountain. To enjoy the relationship, the subject has to understand
the object, to feel or sense the object. Meanwhile, the object presents
the subject with pleasure, like a friend whose presence is perfectly in
tune with one’s inner longings: “The companion follows your thought.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

The subject does not deliberately pursue a better relationship, but the
object does. The object pushes the subject to move forward in the rela-
tionship, helps the subject with any difficulties, and respects the subject,
while the subject is arrogant and bossy. “Things are going smoothly,”
because the current situation favors the subject: “It is beneficial to stay
on the current course.” The subject should allow the object to come
closer: “To marry a woman is favorable.” Here, marriage is a metaphor
for an enjoyable, beneficial state; the relationship does not have to be

marital. And while the text for this hexagram describes the progress of
an intimate, sensual encounter, it can apply to any relationship where
pleasure and enjoyment deepen as the subject and object get to know
each other better.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ), and yang 5 ( ) are in correct

positions; the other three lines are in incorrect positions. All the lines are
complementary to the corresponding lines. Hexagram 1:6 is favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Feel the toes.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to do much to push
the relationship forward. “Feel the toes” means the subject can only ap-
preciate the object in a limited way. What the subject is doing for the
relationship is insignificant.
Yin 2
Feel the calves.
Going further is unfavorable.

Keeping the current situation is favorable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is essentially incapable of knowing

the object well. “Feel the calves” describes a situation where the subject
starts really getting to know the object better, but what the subject sens-
es is not significant. Because of the subject’s limited perceptions, going
forward will create a situation unfavorable to the subject. The subject
should be patient and persistent, remaining at this level of intimacy:
“Keeping the current situation is favorable” to the subject.
Yang 3
Feel the thighs.
Persist in following others.
Moving away is mean.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is straightforward, frank and

open to the object, which makes mutual understanding easier. “Feel
the thighs” means that, thanks to a yang attitude, the subject is getting
to know the object better, even sensing private aspects of the object’s
situation. The subject should follow the object’s lead in advancing the
relationship: “Persist in following others.” A yang attitude allows the
subject to enjoy significant happiness in the relationship, but could
also cause the subject to become arrogant or reckless, moving away
rather than following the object. This could make the object unhappy:
“Moving away is mean.”

Yang 4
Regret vanishes.
Flickering back and forth, the companion follows your thought.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is actively pushing the relationship

forward, with the inevitability and enjoyment of a lake’s water cascading
down a mountainside: “Staying on this course is favorable. Regret van-
ishes.” Since the subject is passive, and resistant to progress, the object
is doing what the subject wants, like water changing its course among
rocks and crevices: “Flickering back and forth, the companion follows
your thought.”
Yang 5
Feel the flesh.
There is no regret.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object has strength and could benefit
the subject. The subject perceives the warmth and liveliness of the ob-
ject: “Feel the flesh.” The situation is gratifying and enjoyable: “There
is no regret.”
Yin 6
Feel the cheeks,
Jaw and tongue.

Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object behaves gently, speaking nicely

and approaching respectfully, making it easier for the subject to sense,
feel, and understand. The subject is listening to what the object is say-
ing and enjoys the object’s graceful, yielding ways: “Feel the cheeks, jaw
and tongue.”
8 Hexagram 1:7 Flee (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 33)

The Chinese word for the title, Flee, shares the same pronunciation
with “Fly” and “Fat.” Its multiple meanings appear in the title and the
texts of this hexagram.
Heaven (strength), is the object. The subject behaves roughly, but lacks
power, like the disobedient subject of an almighty ruler. The best course
for the subject in this situation is to escape from the object’s control:
“Flying away. Nothing is detrimental.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

Staying on the current course is slightly beneficial.
The subject is weak and needs help, while the object is strong and able
to help, control or destroy the subject. The subject does not want to be-
come deeply involved in the relationship, but the object approaches the
subject and seeks to control him or her, like the sun rising above the
mountain and shining down on it relentlessly. The object is arrogant,
rude, self-centered, and bullying, but instead of yielding to the object’s

power, the subject stubbornly maintains his or her dignity, freedom, and
independence. Facing strong pressures, the stubborn subject struggles
to maintain the current situation. At this moment, no trouble has yet
occurred; the subject is standing still like a mountain, bearing up under
the heat: “Things are going smoothly.” But there is little to be gained
from this stance: “Staying on the current course is slightly beneficial.”
Fleeing may be a better choice.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ), and yang 5 ( )

are in correct positions. The two bottom lines and the two middle lines
are complementary to each other. The two top lines are in conflict with
each other. Hexagram 1:7 is neutral.
3 TEXT OF LINES
Yin 1
Fleeing too late,
As at the tail of an incident, is dangerous.
It is not a good time to do something.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject hesitates, does not want to flee, and
instead sticks to routine behaviors. This will delay and possibly prevent
an escape: “Fleeing too late, as at the tail of an incident, is dangerous.”
But now, under a direct threat from the object, “it is not a good time

to do something.”
Yin 2
A leather belt
Made from the hide of a yellow ox binds one.
One cannot get away.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that under the current situation, the subject should
flee, but cannot do so. The subject’s yin essence has created a reliance on
the powerful object, like “a leather belt made from the hide of a yellow
ox.” This tie that binds works both ways: The subject can get help from
the object, even though this requires a sacrifice of freedom.
This situation might not be too bad for the subject. The line is central,
in a correct position and complementary to yang 5 ( ), so the yin es-
sence of the subject is favorable. To gain benefits, the subject has to be
complementary to the object, which in this case calls for remaining in
one place, under the object’s power.
Yang 3
When one is involved in several positions,
Fleeing is dangerous
And troublesome.
Keeping servants and concubines is favorable.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s stubborn attitude leads him or

her to believe that fleeing is humiliating, or that it is too difficult to es-
cape from complicated entanglements with others: “One is involved in
several positions.” Under the current situation the subject should flee,

but fleeing could be dangerous, because success is not certain. Before

fleeing, the subject should simplify his or her position, severing con-
nections with others and traveling as lightly as possible, carrying only
the necessities: “Keeping servants and concubines is favorable.”
Yang 4
Fleeing is a good action.
It is favorable for an intelligent person.
It is not favorable for the foolish.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is aggressively pushing the sub-

ject. That encourages the subject to leave without hesitation: “Fleeing
is a good action.” The intelligent person is able to assess the situation
and is willing to flee. Taking a yin action in response to the yang action
of the object is favorable to the subject. However, a foolish person may
take a yang action to resist the object. That is unfavorable.
The yang action of the object is neutral, depending on how the subject
responds. If the subject is smart, the yang action of the object makes
the subject flee at the right moment, avoiding major loss. If the subject
resists, the yang action of the object could cause the subject to suffer
severe damage.
Yang 5
Fleeing is an honorable action.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is strong, powerful, or wealthy.

If the subject stays on the current course, he or she could get help from
the object. However, if the subject flees, this could mean missing the
chance for benefit from the object, but it is “an honorable action” in the
interests of freedom and dignity.
Yang 6
One flees,
Flying away with whatever is valuable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, harsh, rude, bossy,

self-centered, or demanding. This compels the subject to flee, “flying
away with whatever is valuable,” including family members and money.
Fleeing means that the subject retains freedom and dignity, avoids loss,
and possibly meets with a new chance: “Nothing is detrimental.”
This line is in an incorrect position and conflicts with yang 3 ( ). The
yang attitude of the object is unfavorable. If the subject flees, leaving this
unfavorable situation behind, the situation could become beneficial.

CHAPTER 12
When Water ( ) is the Subject
T
2:Ø to 2:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 2, Water. The typical
characteristics of water are danger and difficulty. This can be danger
and difficulty that one faces or that one imposes on others.
1 Hexagram 2:Ø Army (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 7)

The title, Army, gives a sense of the subject and object working together,
like an army fighting a common enemy. Trigram 2 ( ), Water (diffi-
culty and danger), is the subject; trigram Ø ( ), Earth (adaptability),
is the object. The object is very weak, needing help and yielding to the
subject. The subject is strong and able to help, but has some difficul-
ties in dealing with the object -- like water encountering obstacles in
its movement over the earth. So the water must make its own course:
To win the war, the subject has to solve his or her own problems and
become a qualified commander: “To create a new country, or to build
an inherited family, never use an unqualified person.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is favorable to an older person.
There is no blame.

When Water is the Subject 198
The object is weak and needs help, while the subject is strong and able
to help the object. The subject should “stay on the current course,” like
an army fighting a common enemy. Currently, the subject and object
are both passive and unfocused, like an army with a poor administra-
tion. Neither subject nor object behaves truthfully and frankly, so they
resemble an army that lacks good communication. To win, the subject
has to solve these problems, being stronger than the object, and become
a qualified commander: “It is favorable to an older person.” If the subject
makes this effort, “there is no blame.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, only two lines, yin 4 ( ) and yin 6 ( ), are in cor-
rect positions. The two central lines are complementary to each other,
but the two bottom lines and the two top lines are in conflict with each
other. Hexagram 2:Ø is less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
After departure,
The army must be highly disciplined,
Otherwise there will be a tragedy.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is tired, or somehow frustrated in

the relationship. But the object is weak and needs help, and the subject

is a proper person to help the object. So the subject must rise to this oc-
casion. If the subject does not change his or her action from yin to yang,
the subject will not be able to lead the object through the difficult time:
“After departure, the army must be highly disciplined.” If the subject
maintains a passive action, the army will continue to lack organization
and will lose the war: “There will be a tragedy.”
Yang 2
During the expedition,
There is no blame.
The king assigns a mission three times.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is essentially strong and able to

help the object. When the subject helps the object, the situation improves
and the subject’s efforts could be repaid, morally or materially: “During
the expedition, the situation is favorable. There is no blame.” That en-
courages the subject to assist the object, fulfilling a duty toward friend-
ship, family, love, or business: “The king assigns a mission three times.”
This line is central and complementary to yin 5 ( ), but in an incorrect
position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yin 3
When the army puzzles,
There are so many casualties,
The soldiers’ bodies are removed with wagons.
It is unfavorable.

Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble, kind, agreeable, and

respectful. Meanwhile, the object is just as humble, kind, agreeable, and
respectful as the subject. They respect each other, but may be unable
to communicate with each other in a frank, straightforward way. They
puzzle at what they should do, and that could be harmful for both: “When
the army puzzles, there are so many casualties, the soldiers’ bodies are
removed with wagons.” The subject should change his or her attitude
from yin to yang, talking to the object truthfully and honestly, finding
a way out; otherwise, the situation could be unfavorable to the subject.
Yin 4
The army retreats.
There is no blame.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move forward in
the relationship, and even wants to yield to the common enemy, because
he or she is close to losing heart from the failure of progress: “The army
retreats.” The subject understands the seriousness of this situation and
is doing his or her best, so “there is no blame.”
Yin 5
It is beneficial to facilitate the communication.
There is no blame.
While an older son leads the armies into the battle,
A younger son removes the corpses with wagons.

Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object is in a weak position and needs

help. The subject is strong and helps the object. Two of them work to-
gether, with the chance of making progress: “There is game in a field.”
To catch the game, they have to cooperate, communicating with each
other: “It is beneficial to facilitate the communication.”
Knowing what is going on with the object, the subject is able to help
the object effectively: “There is no blame.” But if there is a lack of com-
munication, that causes more casualties: “while an older son leads the
army into the battle, a younger son removes the corpses with wagons.”
“Staying on this course is unfavorable,” because removal of corpses with
wagons should take place after the battle is won. The subject should do
the things for the object at the right time, in the right way, and coop-
eration is vital.
This line is central, in an incorrect position, but complementary to
yang 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is neutral.
Yin 6
The great leader taught,
That to create a new country, or
To build an inherited family,
Never use an unqualified person.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object may be obedient, adaptive, humble,

or respectful, accepting the demands of the subject and following his or
her instructions. Meanwhile, the subject is humble like the object, and
this could pose problems. Without clear instruction and a determined
commander, the object could be confused and lose confidence in the
subject. The subject has to learn, to study, to understand the real situ-

ation and acquire the ability to win the war. The subject has to make
himself or herself into a qualified person.
2 Hexagram 2:1 Ignorance (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 4)

The title of hexagram 2:1, Ignorance, is depicted by a Chinese character
that has multiple meanings: cover, ignorant, illiterate, receive, cheat, and
unconscious. It is often used in the sense of enlightening, as illustrated
by the relationship between a teacher and pupils.
Trigram 2 ( ), Water (difficulty and danger) is the subject; trigram
1 ( ), Mountain (stopping), is the object. The subject encounters dif-
ficulty, like flowing water that has been stopped by a mountain as it
washes down its path toward the ocean.
In a relationship, when a sluggish person does not respond to the ac-
tions of other people, it may be considered like a mountain, getting in
the way of the flow. In this case, the subject has difficulty overcoming
the sluggishness of the object, like a teacher frustrated with the task of
teaching an ignorant student. The subject should not go to great lengths
to accommodate a resistant object: “It is not I seeking pupils, but the
pupils beg me.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

The teacher says,
“It is not I seeking pupils,
But the pupils beg me.
The question will be answered the first time.

The repeated questions,

Which show impertinence,
Will not be answered.”
The object is weak and needs help. The subject is strong, and able to help
the object, so there is a potential for success: “Things are going smoothly.”
But the object is arrogant, rough and demanding. The subject respects
the object, but the object does not come willingly to the subject, and
this is frustrating because the object is the needy one: “It is not I seeking
pupils, but the pupils beg me.” Regardless, the subject proceeds to offer
some help to the object: “The question will be answered the first time.”
But the ultimate solution to the object’s problems are in the object’s
own hands; there is a limit to what the subject can do. Only the object
can finally solve the problems through hard work, which the subject
should not be asked to do: “The repeated questions, which show im-
pertinence, will not be answered.” While helping the object, the subject
should encourage the object to do his or her own work. That will make
the progress easier and relieve the subject from stress: “It is beneficial
to stay on the current course,” and not yield to unreasonable demands
from the object.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 4 ( ) is the only line in a correct position. The

other five lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines are in

conflict with each other. The two middle lines and the two top lines are
complementary to each other. Hexagram 2:1 is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
The teacher shows the ignorant
The model,
Who feels the freedom
Gained from learning,
Like getting rid of fetters and handcuffs.
It is mean to ask pupils to do too much.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to do anything for
the object. Regardless of this reluctance, the subject should make an
effort for the object, even if it’s very limited -- like a teacher exposing
an ignorant student to the “model, who feels the freedom gained from
learning, like getting rid of fetters and handcuffs.” Then it is up to the
object to learn from this example; the subject should not push the object
too forcefully: “It is mean to ask pupils to do too much.”
Yang 2
Taking care of an ignorant person is favorable.
The woman might give birth to a child
Who will grow up and become a householder.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is in a strong position and able

to do something for the object: “Taking care of an ignorant person is

favorable.” Despite the fact that the object is weak, stubborn, and unco-
operative, this care could turn out to be valuable: If you marry an igno-
rant woman, she may be not smart, but her child might prove capable
of being a householder.
This line is central and complementary to yin 5 ( ), but in an incor-
rect position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
Do not marry a woman,
Who seeks a wealthy man,
And loses possession of herself.
It is not beneficial.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is modest and agreeable. However,

if the subject is too humble and agreeable, the situation may not be de-
sirable, as when a powerful person stoops too low in hopes of helping
someone who will not benefit: “Do not marry a woman, who seeks a
wealthy man, and loses possession of herself.” If the subject behaves too
humbly and agreeably, “it is not beneficial.”
Yin 4
Dealing with weary ignorance
Is mean.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move the rela-
tionship forward, like a tired, ignorant student who just wants to sleep
or leave the class. If the subject pushes the object to move forward, but

the object does not respond, trying to overcome this sluggishness makes
the subject seem mean.
This line is the only line in a correct position, but in conflict with yin
1 ( ). The yin action of the object is neutral.
Yin 5
Teaching youthful ignorance
Is favorable.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object is in a weak position, like anyone

who displays “youthful ignorance.” The object needs help from the sub-
ject. While the subject helps the object, the subject also gains. That is
favorable for the subject.
This line is central, complementary to yang 2 ( ), but in an incor-
rect position. The yin essence of the object is favorable, even though the
subject has to help the object.
Yang 6
Teach violent ignorance
That it is beneficial not to be a robber,
But to be a defender against robbers.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is in the grips of “violent igno-

rance.” The subject should help the object change this rough attitude,
and bring out the best in the object, teaching that “it is beneficial not
to be a robber, but to be a defender against robbers.”

3 Hexagram 2:2 Pitfall (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 29)

The title, Pitfall, indicates a difficulty in the relationship, like the sen-
sation of being trapped in a pitfall, with no way out. In ancient times, a
pitfall might be used as a prison.
Both subject and object of this hexagram are trigram 2 ( ), Water
(danger or difficulty.) In the current relationship, both subject and ob-
ject have dangers and difficulties, the kind that stem from a particular
environmental situation. For example, if you are in the waiting room
of an airport with millions of dollars in your pocket and the airplane
is ready to be boarded, but the airport is hit with a major power black-
out, suddenly you are trapped in a “pitfall.” What should you do? You
“should be more prudent, doing nothing.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
Being trapped in a pitfall,

If one is sincere from the heart with others,
Things will be going smoothly.
One’s effort will be rewarded.
Both the subject and the object have strength, but no one can use
this strength to push the relationship forward. They are “trapped in a
pitfall.” Both of them are humble and yielding to each other, but they
suffer from a lack of communication, without truthful talking: “If one
is sincere from the heart with others, things will be going smoothly.” If
the subject actively talks with the object and inspires the object’s coop-
eration, the subject’s effort will be rewarded.”

2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, all the three lines of the object trigram are in correct
positions, but the three lines of the subject trigrams are in incorrect po-
sitions. There is no line complementary with the other line. Hexagram
2:Ø is neutral, less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
There is a deep pitfall.
One is trapped in the pitfall.
It is unfavorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not do something to im-

prove the relationship because he or she is in a difficult time, like being
trapped in a deep pitfall: “It is unfavorable.”
yin action of the subject is unfavorable. It is very hard for the subject
to make a change in this aspect, since the subject is like being trapped
in a deep pitfall.
Yang 2
The pitfalls are dangerous.
Seek a little gain, not big gain.

Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength. However, at this

very difficult time, the subject is unable to gain a significant benefit by
using this strength. What the subject can do is insignificant. Meanwhile,
the object possesses strength, just as the subject does. The subject can-
not help the object, because the object does not want the help.
This line is central, but in conflict with yang 5 ( ) and in an incorrect
position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
One comes to a hazardous pitfall,
Which is dangerous and deep.
One is trapped in the pitfall
And should be more prudent, doing nothing.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble, adaptive, and agreeable.

Meanwhile, the object has the same attitude as the subject does. That
makes mutual understanding difficult. However, in the current difficult
and dangerous situation, the subject should not make a change in at-
titude. The subject should be “more prudent” and do nothing, waiting
for a better chance.
Yin 4
One receives a simple meal
From a high window with two baskets.
In one basket there is a cup of wine.
In another basket there is a jar of food.
There is no blame in the end.

Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to push the relation-
ship ahead, and does not want to help the subject. That is unfavorable
for the subject.
However, the subject should carefully watch any changes in the situa-
tion, even a subtle change, like “a simple meal” for a prisoner dropping
from a high window of the prison. That little change helps the subject
going through the difficult time, and possibly results in a good ending.
Yang 5
The pitfall is not full.
Only its hilly bottom is covered by dirt.
There is no blame.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object has strength and is able to make
a contribution to the relationship, like filling in the pitfall with dirt.
However, the action of the object is yin, and the object does not want
to do much for the relationship, so the “pitfall” may be filled with dirt,
but not enough to allow escape. Only its hilly bottom is covered by the
dirt. That is not the subject’s fault, because the subject cannot alter the
action of the object: “There is no blame.”
This line is in a correct position, but in conflict to yang 2 ( ). The
yang essence of the object is neutral.
Yin 6
One is bound to the other by rope
And trapped in the bramble bush.
They find no way out for three years.
It is unfavorable.

Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is as humble, adaptive, and agree-

able as the subject is. This is not good for mutual understanding, or for
resolving the tough problems in their relationship. The subject feels as
though he or she is bound to the object “by rope and trapped in the
bramble bush.” They are in a stalemate, feeling hopeless, as if there were
“no way out for three years.”
4 Hexagram 2:3 Flood (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 59)

In Chinese, the title of hexagram 2:3 is “Huan,” meaning “melt” or
“vanish,” but it is hardly ever used alone. Frequently this character is
doubled, as in “Huan huan,” describing a huge flood. Sometimes this
character combines with another character “san,” as “Huansan,” mean-
ing “lax” or “slack.” The flood this hexagram refers to could wash away
houses, crops, trees, animals, inundate fields, even kill a lot of people.
Trigram 2 ( ), Water (difficulty and danger), is the subject; trigram 3
( ), Wind (flexibility), is the object. The direction of the wind changes
easily, making it difficult for the subject to keep up. The situation in
this relationship could be like a flood for the subject, an overwhelming
disaster. However, this flood is avoidable, if the subject takes appropri-
ate action.
1 GENERAL TEXT

A king comes to a temple.

In this relationship, both the subject and the object are strong. The sub-
ject yields easily to the object’s bullying: “Things are going smoothly.”
However, neither of the two sides wants to improve the relationship.
This alienates each from the other, damaging the relationship and its
benefits, like a dangerous flood that washes everything away. The sub-
ject’s situation is insecure. To avoid deterioration and collapse, the sub-
ject should have courage to take a big step forward in the relationship:
“It is beneficial to cross a big river. It is beneficial to stay on the current
course,” maintaining and improving the relationship.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yin 4 ( ) and yang 5 ( ) are in correct positions.

The other four lines, yin 1 ( ), yang 2 ( ), yin 3 ( ), and yang 6
( ), are in incorrect positions. The two top lines are complementary,
but the two bottom lines and the two middle lines are in conflict with
each other. Hexagram 2:3 is less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
A strong horse saves one from danger.
It is favorable.
tionship forward. Meanwhile, the action of the object is also yin. This

will cause the relationship to fall apart, like the water and wind flowing
forcefully in separate directions. That would be unfavorable to the sub-
ject. To avoid this unfavorable development, the subject should change
the action from yin to yang. The yang action is like a strong horse, that
would carry the subject above the flood, away from danger.
Yang 2
Ahead of flood,
One runs to a high place.
Regret vanishes.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has essential strength, which

can save the subject from the dangerous changing situation. The sub-
ject should call on this strength, like someone “ahead of flood” running
to a “high place.” If the subject does so, “regret vanishes.” The subject
does not need help from the object, and, since the essence of the object
is yang as well, the subject does not have to help the object. The yang
essence of the subject does not improve the relationship but does save
the subject from disaster.
This line is central, but in conflict with yang 5 ( ) and in an incorrect
position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
The flood approaches one’s own position.
There is no regret.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is adaptive, agreeable and humble.

However, the yielding attitude of the subject is powerless to make the

situation better, because the actions of both sides are yin. This places the
subject in a situation where “the flood approaches one’s own position,”
but this is not the fault of the subject’s yin attitude: “There is no regret.”
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary with yang 6
( ). The yin attitude of the subject is neutral.
Yin 4
The flood inundates a residential area.
It seems there is a hill in the flooded area.
It is very favorable
It is unbelievable.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move the relation-
ship forward. Since the subject does not desire this either, the problems
in the relationship become very severe, like a flood that “inundates a
residential area,” damaging not only the subject’s prospects, but also
those of the object. If the object realizes the danger of this situation and
makes a change in his or her action, the change will save the relation-
ship, and will be very favorable, like “a hill in the flooded area.” This
change is not something that would be expected as a matter of course.
If it happens, “it is unbelievable.”
Yang 5
There is a broad flood.
The residents are yelling.
The flood inundates the king’s palace.
There is no blame.

Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object has essential strength. Since

neither of the two sides in the relationship wants to improve the situ-
ation, the situation can deteriorate into catastrophe, so that “there is a
broad flood,” and “the residents are yelling.” The strength of the object
is overwhelmed, as when “the flood inundates the king’s palace.” Since
the object does not want to improve the relationship, his or her loss of
strength is not the subject’s fault. “There is no blame” for the subject.
Yang 6
The flood washes away blood,
Drawn bodies appear in a far remote area.
There is no blame.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is rude, harsh, arrogant, bossy, or

self-centered. Knowing this helps the subject to understand the object
and eliminate fantasies about the relationship, like “the flood washes
away blood.” “Blood” indicates that the problem in the relationship
is fatal. “The flood washes away blood” suggests that the problems in
the relationship will result in a violent and painful upheaval. “Drawn
bodies” refer to the loss that results. Their appearance “in a far remote
area” implies that yang attitude of the object damages the relationship,
perhaps beyond recovery. This is not the subject’s fault. “There is no
blame” for the subject.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary with yin 3 ( ).

5 Hexagram 2:4 Solution (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 40)

The title, Solution, indicates that although in the current situation of
the relationship there are many sorts of problems, there are also solu-
tions to these problems.
Trigram 2 ( ), Water (difficulty and danger), is the subject; trigram
4 ( ), Thunder (movement), is the object. The subject has strength,
but is tied by the problems, and unable to move. The object comes and
unties the subject. The subject should grasp this chance to find a so-
lution, as when “the duke shoots the hawk and takes it” after it “lands
above a wall.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
The current situation benefits the southwest.

When there is no interesting place to go,
Coming back is favorable.
When there is an interesting place to go,
Going swiftly is favorable.
The “southwest” refers to the area of Country Zhou, where King Wen
was the leader.
The subject is strong, but has difficulty in relationship. The subject can-
not use his or her strength to benefit from the object or help the object,
because the subject does not want to improve the relationship. The sub-
ject hesitates and behaves excessively humble and adaptive because he
or she worries about the danger in dealing with the object.
In fact, the object is weak and needs help; the situation benefits the sub-
ject, the “southwest.” The object actively approaches the subject, bring-
ing a chance for the subject to solve his or her problems. The solution

depends on which direction to go. “When there is no interesting place to

go, coming back is favorable”: in this instance, the object actively seeks
the subject’s help, and the subject has the opportunity to consolidate his
or her strong position and follow the object. “When there is an inter-
esting place to go, going swiftly is favorable”: in this instance, while the
object is humble and yielding, trusting and respecting the subject, the
subject should talk with the object truthfully and honestly, and firmly
lead the object in an advance.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, there is only one line, yin 6 ( ), in a correct posi-

tion. The other five lines, including all three lines of the subject trigram,
are in incorrect positions. The two top lines are in conflict with each
other. The two bottom lines and the two middle lines are complemen-
tary. Hexagram 2:4 is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
There is no blame.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to push the relation-
ship forward. There are some reasons, such as, the subject is not ready
to go farther with the object, there is no benefit for the subject to go far-
ther, or the subject was hurt by the object. The problems in the relation-

ship are not the fault of the subject. “There is no blame” for the subject.
Yang 2
In a field one captured three foxes,
And found a yellow arrow.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength and is able to achieve
some gains: “in a field one captured three foxes, and found a yellow ar-
row.” There are some problems in the relationship, but the subject should
not be frustrated. When in a difficult situation, the subject should hold
on to his or her strong position: “Staying on this course is favorable”
for the subject.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary to yin 5 ( )
and supported by yin 1 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral,
or a little favorable.
Yin 3
One carries a load,
While riding a horse,
That entices a robber to come.
Staying on this course is mean.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is excessively polite or prudent,

like a person who “carries a load, while riding a horse.” While riding a
horse, one should normally put the load on the horse’s back; but here,
on the contrary, one carries the load. One looks like a rich and clumsy
person, which makes the robber think one is a good target for an attack.

Being excessively polite or prudent is being mean to the subject. The

subject should change his or her attitude from yin to yang, and behave
more firmly and frankly.
This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict to yin 6 ( ), and
suppressing yang 2. The yin attitude of the subject is unfavorable.
Yang 4
Friends untie one’s toes.
Friends come to help one.
The friends are sincere.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is taking an action to improve the

relationship. While the subject is tied by problems, the object comes to
help the subject solve the problems. “Friends untie one’s toes.” The ob-
ject does this because he or she is sincere in wanting to pursue a better
relationship with the subject.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary to yin 1 ( )
and supported by yin 3 ( ). The yang action of the object is neutral,
Yin 5
One was tied.
One is released.
It is favorable.
There is sincerity.
One gets the help from normal people.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has less strength, being like a per-
son who is normal, not great. However, while the subject is tied with
troubles, the object comes and is able to help, with little strength but

enough to release the subject from trouble. What the object is doing
demonstrates the sincerity. The subject also should be sincere.
The yin essence of the object is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yin 6
A hawk lands above a wall.
The duke shoots the hawk and takes it.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble, flexible and adaptive,

like a hawk that lands above a wall, not soaring in the sky. The hawk
wants to stay, not fly. The yin attitude of the object makes it easier for
the subject to touch and talk with the object. The subject should change
his or her attitude from yin to yang, and take the chance, as when “the
duke shoots the hawk and takes it.” If he or she makes this change, the
subject will be able to control the situation and work together with the
object: “Nothing is detrimental.”
This line is in correct position, but in conflict to yin 3 ( ). The yin
attitude of the object is neutral. Moreover, the solution is not to change
the object’s attitude from yin to yang, but to change the subject’s attitude.
If the subject changes his or her attitude from yin to yang, the hexagram
becomes hexagram 3:4, Persistence.
6 Hexagram 2:5 Imperfect (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 64)

The title, Imperfect, consists of two Chinese characters, “wei,” mean-
ing “not yet,” and “ji,” meaning cross, referring to a story of a small fox,
which is forced to cross a river, and gets its tail wet.


5 ( ), Fire (brightness and clinging), is the object. The object clings to
the subject, manipulating the subject in his or her interests. The subject
is strong, but yields to manipulation by the object and loses control of
his or her own interests. The situation is imperfect. If the subject sacri-
fices dignity, and lets himself or herself be used by the object, “making
his or her own head wet,” that is not right.
1 GENERAL TEXT

A little fox tries to cross a river,
And gets its tail wet.
That is not beneficial.
The subject is strong, while the object is weak. The subject is able to
protect his or her interests and help the object, so “things are going
smoothly.” However, the malleable subject yields to the object, like a
little fox that is forced to cross a river and gets its tail wet. The situation
is “not beneficial.”
2 STRUCTURE
In hexagram 2:5, all lines are complementary to the corresponding

lines, but their positions are wrong. Hexagram 2:5 is unfavorable.

3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
The little fox gets its tail wet.
It is mean.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to move forward
in the relationship, but yields to the desire of the object. The little fox
that gets its tail wet, when it shouldn’t have to cross the river, illustrates
a situation that “is mean” for the subject.
Yang 2
A fox drags the wheels of a wagon to cross the river.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength and is able to make
whatever effort it takes to fulfill the mission, like the little fox dragging
the wheels of a wagon to cross a dry riverbed. Meanwhile, the essence
of the object is yin, so the subject can do what the object needs. Staying
on the current course, maintaining and using this superior strength,
is favorable to the subject. If the subject loses this advantage of essen-
tial strength, the subject is in danger of becoming insignificant to the
object, who could then cause harm to the subject. The situation could
become unfavorable.
This line is complementary to yin 5 ( ), but in an incorrect position.
The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
The fox fails to cross the river.

Launching an expedition is dangerous.

Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble, adaptive, and agreeable.

A lack of confidence or self-esteem can cause the subject to fail in his
or her mission, like the little fox that “fails to cross the river.” Without a
strengthening of attitude, trying something ambitious, like “launching
an expedition,” can be dangerous. The subject should make a big change
in his or her attitude, like switching from one side of a river to the other.
This line is complementary to yang 6 ( ), but in an incorrect posi-
tion. The yin attitude of the subject is neutral.
Yang 4
Regret vanishes.
Unexpectedly used to fight against Guifang,
One gets a reward from a big country in the third year.
“Fighting against Guifang “ refers to a war conducted by King Wen,

who was leader of Country Zhou and revised the Yijing text. After be-
ing released from prison by Emperor Shangzhou of the central govern-
ment of Shang (a “big country”), King Wen was authorized by Emperor
Shangzhou to wage war against the small countries that were not yield-
ing to the central government. In the third year after his release from
prison, King Wen was rewarded by Emperor Shangzhou for fighting
against Guifang, which was one of the small countries north of Shang.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object uses the subject for his or her own
interests, just as Emperor Shangzhou used Kin Wen to fight Guifang.
If the subject follows the object’s desires, as Kin Wen did, the subject
will be rewarded: “Staying on this course is favorable” for the subject.

If the subject properly uses his or her strength to pursue this goal, “re-
gret vanishes.”
Yin 5
There is no regret.
With his essential offer,
The gentleman shows sincerity.
That is favorable.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has little strength and needs the
subject’s yang essence to succeed. The subject helps the object and is
rewarded: “Staying on this course is favorable. There is no regret.”
The help from the subject is essential, and the subject is sincerely doing
just what the object wants. So the object trusts the subject and depends
on the subject: “That is favorable.”
The yin essence of the object is neutral.
Yang 6
Showing sincerity
By drinking
Is blameless.
Showing sincerity
By making his or her own head wet
Is not right.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, reckless, bossy, or bul-

lying. If the subject wants to show sincerity and openness, in the way
that two people show their trust by sharing a drink together, this is use-
ful for keeping a good relationship. The subject should not be blamed.
But if the subject behaves too humbly, allowing the arrogant object to
abuse his or her good nature, like the little fox who is forced to cross a
river and gets in over its head, that is not right.
7 Hexagram 2:6 Adversity (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 47)

The title, Adversity, indicates that subject is in for a bad time and has
to fight hard to deal with the situation.
6 ( ), Lake (pleasure), is the object. Water on the land flows to the
lake, generally unable to change its course, while the lake enjoys the
pleasure of putting all the water under its control. The subject is in a
difficult situation, being controlled, manipulated, or used by the object.
1 GENERAL TEXT

Persistently striving to be a good person is favorable, and blameless.
Do not believe the promises of others.
The subject is strong and prudent in the relationship, so “things are go-
ing smoothly.” But the object is strong as well and very aggressive, and
wants to place the subject under his or her control, while the subject
reacts very passively. The subject has to strive persistently to be a good
person, protecting his or her own interests and maintaining freedom,

independence, and dignity. Both the subject and the object are humble,
agreeable and respectful. In the face of the object’s aggression, the subject
should be prudent and cautious: “Do not believe the promises of others.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 5 ( ) and yin 6 ( ) are in correct positions;

the other four lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines
are complementary to each other. The two middle lines and the two
top lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 2:6 is less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Straying in a forest of bare trees,
Or falling into a secluded valley,
One disappears for three years.
tionship forward, but the object does. The subject is pushed and con-
trolled by the object, like “straying in a forest of bare trees,” which is a
place without cover and food, very hard to survive in, “or falling into a
secluded valley,” which is very deep and hard to escape. Under the con-
trol of the object, the subject feels as though he or she is disappearing
in such a forest or valley for three years. The situation is very difficult
and is likely to remain that way for a long period of time.


Yang 2
Lacking food and drink,
Suffering adversity,
One comes into a prison in red clothes.
Praying is the only thing one can do.
Advance is unfavorable.
There is no blame.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength, but cannot use it,
because he or she is under the object’s control, like someone in a prison,
lacking food and drink and wearing a prisoner’s red uniform. Under
this constrained situation, the subject can do nothing but pray. “Advance
is unfavorable” to the subject. The subject should maintain confidence
and patience, waiting for a better chance. The subject is doing his or her
best, so “there is no blame.”
yang 5 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is less favorable.
Yin 3
Being trapped among rocks,
Tied to a thorny vine,
Or unable to see his wife
When he enters his home,
He is in an unfavorable situation.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble, adaptive, or agreeable.

The subject yields to the object, like “being trapped among rocks,” or

“tied to a thorny vine.” And the subject is helpless, like a man who can-
not “see his wife, when he enters his home.”
Yang 4
One is imprisoned in a metal cage on a wagon.
The wagon moves very slowly.
It is mean.
There is an end.

ward, but the subject is not ready to go along willingly. The subject is
forced to follow the object, like “being imprisoned in a metal cage on
a wagon,” which “moves very slowly.” The yang action of the object is
mean to the subject. However, this is an unstable situation and things
will change: If the subject remains patient and strong, there is an end
to the adversity.
Yang 5
One’s nose and feet are cut off.
One is dressed in red clothes.
Later on, one is released.
It is beneficial for one
To make an offering and to sacrifice.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object has strength and power. The sub-
ject suffers from the object’s impact, like one being tortured, as “one’s

nose and feet are cut off ” and “dressed in red clothes,” which is a pris-
oner’s uniform. On the other hand, the object does not want to be too
harsh to the subject, because he or she wants to make use of the subject.
Finally, the subject will be “released.” And this adversity, in the end, will
prove favorable in some ways for the subject: “It is beneficial for one to
make an offering and to sacrifice.”
This line is central, in an incorrect position, and in conflict with yang
2 ( ). The yang essence of the object is less favorable.
Yin 6
Being stranded in the vines and weeds,
One reminds oneself to regret what is regrettable.
Moving ahead is favorable.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is adaptive, agreeable, or flexible.

This yin attitude makes the object slippery. It is hard for the subject to
get away from the object’s control, so the feeling is like “being stranded
in the vines and weeds.” It is time for the subject to think through the
rights and wrongs of this situation, “to regret what is regrettable.” If the
subject can learn a lesson from this adversity and submit to a change
in action, or attitude, or both, from yin to yang, then “moving ahead
is favorable.”
yin attitude of the object is unfavorable.
8 Hexagram 2:7 Sue (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 6)

The title, Sue, indicates the subject is seeking protection, like a plaintiff
who turns to the courts of law for justice.

7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the object. The object is so powerful and

so bullying that the subject has to “sue” the object to protect his or her
interests. The position of the subject is insecure and vulnerable, like wa-
ter that is exposed to the full strength of the sun. The outcome is uncer-
tain: The subject could lose the case, or gain a protection that may not
last, like someone who “is awarded a leather belt,” and then “the belt is
withdrawn three times in a day.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
There is sincerity,
But no communication.
One is vigilant.
It is favorable at a mid-stage,
But unfavorable at the end.
It is beneficial to consult a wise person.
It is not beneficial to cross a big river.
Both subject and object are strong, but the object is stronger. The sub-
ject does not want to move forward in the relationship, but the object
does. The subject is pushed by the object, an arrogant, bossy bully. The
subject yields to the object.
The subject deals with the object sincerely, but remains passive and
unwilling: “There is sincerity, but no communication.” Under the con-
trol of the object, the subject “is vigilant,” ready to defend himself or
herself with essential strength. At a mid-stage, when the subject does
not communicate with the object, but is sincere and respectful, the
object appreciates the subject’s obedience, and can ignore minor prob-
lems: “It is favorable at a mid-stage.” But at the end, when the problems
become so severe that they are unacceptable to the object, the situation

becomes unfavorable. Even if the subject remains sincere and vigilant,

a lack of communication can cause the object to misunderstand and
hurt the subject.
When the power of the object is overwhelming, the subject should
not stand alone, but seek help from a wise person, such as a parent,
teacher, boss, or friend. The subject should consult the wise person and
look for appropriate settlement of the conflict. The subject should not
embark alone on a major action, like switching from one side of a big
river to the other.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 5 ( ) is the only line in a correct position; the

others are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the two top
lines are complementary to each other. However, the two middle lines
are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 2:7 is less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Do not always enter into litigation.
Discussion with others frequently
Leads to a favorable ending.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to move the relation-
ship forward, but the object does. The subject cannot pursue a peace-

ful life in this situation. However, it is not always a good idea to enter
into litigation. It is better to talk with the object whenever a problem
happens, before the problem becomes severe: “Discussion with others
frequently leads to a favorable ending.”
Yang 2
Having failed in a lawsuit,
One comes back and hides in his home.
To avoid being tortured he offers the land of three hundred fami-
lies for the fine.
There was a story about King Wen, who was the leader of a small coun-
try, Zhou. At that time, the central government of China was Country
Shang, headed by Emperor Shangzhou. While Country Shang was de-
clining, Country Zhou was rising, becoming stronger and stronger. To
contain the growing power of Country Zhou, the Emperor Shangzhou
put King Wen in prison for seven years. King Wen offered the land of
three hundred families in order to avoid torture and a possible death
penalty, and to be released.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength. However, be-
ing contained by the powerful object, the subject cannot exercise this
strength and has to strike a compromise with the object, as King Wen
did. When the situation is bad, as with a failure in a lawsuit, the subject
should deploy his or her essential strength for self-protection, like King
Wen offering “the land of three hundred families.”
This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict with yang 5 ( ),
but supported by yin 1 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral,
or less favorable.

Yin 3
Living on past achievements is dangerous,
But the ending will be favorable.
If one serves the country,
There will be no success.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that when being contained and threatened by the

strong object, the subject must be polite and prudent. “Living on past
achievements is dangerous,” because this will not serve the subject well
in the current circumstance; neither is a new success likely in this situ-
ation. However, if the subject keeps the yin attitude persistently, waiting
until the object declines naturally in power, the ending will be favorable.
The “country” refers to the object. Even if the subject is very polite
and respectful, the subject should not expect to be repaid by the object,
because the attitude of the object is yang. The object is arrogant, stub-
born, and tough: “If one serves the country, There will be no success.”
Yang 4
After failing in a lawsuit,
One turns to a peaceful life.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is pushing the subject to move

forward, like an injustice that spurs one to file a lawsuit. Since the ob-
ject is very strong, the subject fails “in a lawsuit” and may suffer a loss.
Since the object is too strong to prevail against, the subject should not
seek revenge or keep fighting; instead, the subject should embark on a
“peaceful life.” “Staying on this course is favorable” to the subject.


Yang 5
The lawsuit is very favorable.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is wealthy or in a powerful posi-

tion. If the subject fights with the object, the subject could be defeated.
When the problems become severe, the subject should attempt litiga-
tion to protect his or her rights and possibly reclaim losses. The con-
flict between the subject and the object could be eliminated and the
subject could be able to live in peace: “The lawsuit is very favorable”
for the subject.
This line is the only line in a correct position, but in conflict with yang
2 ( ). The yang essence of the object is neutral. If the subject acts prop-
erly, such as seeking a litigation, the situation possibly favors the subject.
Yang 6
Sometimes, one is awarded a leather belt.
The belt is withdrawn three times in a day.
The “leather belt” refers to a belt presented as a symbol of honor to an

official in ancient times.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, harsh, or frank. The
object cannot tolerate humiliation or defeat. The subject should be
careful to hold onto anything gained. Even if the object loses once in a
while, the object will try to deprive the subject of his or her winnings:
“The belt is withdrawn three times in a day.”

CHAPTER 13
When Wind ( ) is the Subject
T
3:Ø to 3:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 3, Wind. The typical
characteristic of wind is flexibility. This can mean adaptability or
a willingness to yield, but also a threatening blow and a great power.
1 Hexagram 3:Ø Rising (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 46)

The title, Rising, indicates that the relationship is growing, advancing,
progressing -- a situation favorable to the subject.
Trigram 3 ( ), Wind (flexibility), is the subject; trigram Ø ( ),
Earth (adaptability), is the object. Facing an adaptable, yielding object,
the subject is able to move freely, like the wind blowing over a vast, open
field, but there is no real gain.
1 GENERAL TEXT

Do not worry.
Expedition toward the south is favorable.
In ancient times, the “south” referred to a warm region, less developed

than the central area of China. “Expedition toward the south” indicates
that if the subject heads in the right direction, moving forward is fa-

When Wind is the Subject 236
vorable.
In the current relationship, “things are moving very smoothly.” It is
a time for the subject to advance. There might be some problems, and
if they occur, the subject should seek help from a “great person” -- a
boss, leader, parent, friend or teacher. When the subject gets help from
a “great person,” there will be no worry, and “moving forward is favor-
able” to the subject.
2 STRUCTURE
There are three lines in correct positions -- yang 3 ( ), yin 4 ( ),

and yin 6 ( ). The other three are in incorrect positions. The two
middle lines and the two top lines are complementary, but the two bot-
tom lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 3:Ø is neutral, or
a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Advancing is allowable,
And very favorable.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to move forward.
Meanwhile, the action of the object is also yin; the object does not want
to move forward either. If the subject continues to insist on a yin ac-
tion, then the relationship will not be improved and the situation will

not benefit the subject.

The subject should realize that since the object is adaptable, an advanc-
ing action will meet with no resistance. The current situation invites
the subject to advance. The subject should take advantage of this very
favorable chance to make progress.
text advises the subject very clearly to take a yang action.
Yang 2
Be sincere.
It is good to keep offerings simple.
There is no blame.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the essence of the subject possesses strength

and is able to help the object. At the same time, the essence of the object
is yin; the object is in a weak position and needs the help. When help-
ing the object, the subject should be sincere. If the subject is sincere,
even a little help will be gratifying for the object. The subject should
make the offer simple, and easy for the object to accept; then “there is
no blame” for the subject.
Yang 3
One advances in an empty town.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject is arrogant, harsh,

or reckless. When the subject advances with a yang attitude and en-
counters no resistance, it is like advancing in an empty town. On the
other hand, since the town is empty, there is no friendly, warm welcome

for the subject’s advance. The subject obtains no real gain; it is merely
passing through.
This line is in a correct position and complementary to yin 6 ( ),
but suppresses yang 2 ( ). The yang attitude of the subject is neutral,
Yin 4
The king makes an offering on Mount Qi.
It is favorable.
There is no blame.
This passage refers to King Wen, the leader of Country Zhou, who re-
vised the Yijing text. Mount Qi was in Zhou.
By citing the story of King Wen making an offering, the text emphasizes
the yin action of the object, which puts up no opposition to the advance
of the subject. This yin action of the object is favorable and blameless for
the subject, so the subject should take the chance to advance.
Yin 5
One is ascending a stairway.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that object is in a weak position and needs the

subject’s help. This need of the object gives the subject an invitation to
move forward, like an ascending stairway for the subject to climb. The
subject should use this chance: “Staying on this course is favorable.”
This line is in an incorrect position, but central and complementary to
yang 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is neutral, or a little favorable.

Yin 6
Advance in silence.
It is beneficial to stay on this course indefinitely.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the object is humble, adap-

tive, agreeable, or obedient. There is no quarrel, no protest, no fight.
The subject advances peacefully, in silence, and should “stay on this
course indefinitely.”
This line is in a correct position, and complementary to yang 3 ( ).
2 Hexagram 3:1 Bugs (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 18)

The title, Bugs, suggests that there are troubles, or complications in
the relationship.
Trigram 3 ( ), Wind (flexibility), is the subject; trigram 1 ( ),
Mountain (stop), is the object. The blowing wind is stopped by the
mountain, which causes problems. The subject wants to be flexible in
the relationship, but the object prevents the subject from moving freely.
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is beneficial to cross a big river,
In a cycle of three days back
And three days forward.
There are problems in the relationship. However, when the troubles

are identified, the solutions will arrive in due course; then things will
go very smoothly and it will be beneficial for the subject to move ahead.

Things are always changing, “in a cycle of three days back and three
days forward.” The flexible subject should yield to the changes and find
ways to solve the problems, like switching back forth from one shore
of a wide river to the other.
2 STRUCTURE
Two lines, yang 3 ( ) and yin 4 ( ) in correct positions. The others

are in incorrect positions. The two middle lines are complementary;
the bottom lines and the top ones are in conflict. This hexagram dem-
onstrates the negative nature of the current situation.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
As a son,
He solves the problems inherited from his father.
That is blameless, but dangerous.
That has a favorable ending.
“Problems inherited from his father” refers to masculine problems

-- perhaps such as conflicts in business, finances or work, or involving
colleagues and friends.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to solve these tough
problems that have accumulated in the relationship. But if the problems
remain unsolved, the situation is unfavorable.

The text advises the subject to change the action from yin to yang,
working on resolving the problems as a duty -- ”as a son, solving the
problems left by his father.” It could be dangerous to solve the problems,
but if the problems are solved, the situation will end well, without blame
for the subject.
yin action of the subject is unfavorable. The text advises the subject to
take a yang action.
Yang 2
Do not stay too long
In solving the problems inherited from his mother.
“Problems inherited from his mother” refers to feminine problems,

such as domestic or personal issues.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has enough strength to solve these
domestic or personal problems. The subject should approach the prob-
lems seriously, as a son might regard an inheritance from his mother;
but should also solve them quickly: “Do not stay too long.”
Yang 3
He is solving the problems
Inherited from his father,
There is regret on trivial issues,
But no blame on important issues.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject is arrogant, rough,

or rude. Meanwhile, the attitude of the object is also yang, so the object

could be just as stubborn. Trying to resolve so many tough problems,

the subject might make mistakes. Such mistakes could be a little regret-
table, but if the subject makes a sincere effort at resolution, there will
be no major repercussions.
Yin 4
A delay in solving the problems
Left by his father is mean.
Again, the reference here is to masculine types of problems -- those

outside the home and the personal realm.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object’s lack of commitment to solve these
tough problems could create delays in finding a solution. The object’s
tendency to obstruct the subject’s efforts is mean -- petty and counter-
productive.
Yin 5
Solving the problems left by his father
Is honorable.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object is in a weak position and needs the
subject’s help. This creates a good opportunity for the subject to solve
these thorny problems and be appreciated for the honorable effort.

Yang 6
Do not serve a king.
Be respectable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude is arrogant, snobbish,

harsh, reckless, or domineering, like a “king.” The subject should not be
too obedient and servile, but should steer clear of the object’s bullying
tendencies, in order to maintain self-respect.
3 Hexagram 3:2 Well (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 48)

The title, Well, symbolizes the dependent relationship between subject
and object: Water in the well is a vital source of life for the residents
nearby, who need it for drinking, cooking and washing.
Water (difficulty and danger), is the object. The object causes problems
that the subject needs to solve, like citizens of a town making repairs
to their old well.
1 GENERAL TEXT
A town might change.

The location of a well never changes.
The level of water inside a well does not decrease, nor does it in-
crease.
People come and go to get water.
Before reaching the top of the well
The jar turns over.

It is unfavorable.
“People” refers to both the subject and the object, involved in the rela-
tionship symbolized by a well. Despite a lot of problems, the relationship
is useful and beneficial for both sides. However, sometimes the problems
are frustrating, as when a jar being hauled upward turns over and emp-
ties before reaching the top of the well. Such problems are unfavorable
to the subject, who is in need of the water.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, two lines, yin 1 ( ) and yang 2 ( ) are in incor-

rect positions, and the other four lines are in correct positions. The two
top lines are complementary to each other, but the bottom and middle
lines are in conflict.
Hexagram 3:2 is neutral, with a favorable situation being offset by
problems. The two lines in incorrect positions and the conflicts between
the two bottom lines and the two middle lines symbolize the problems.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
The water in the well is muddy,
Not drinkable,
Even birds refuse to drink it.

Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to solve the prob-
lems in the relationship. Meanwhile, the object’s yin action shows that
the object is equally reluctant to make an effort. The problems stagnate,
like muddy water in the well. The current situation is not enjoyable,
even for birds.
Yang 2
The wall of the well collapsed.
There are fish in the water at the bottom.
People throw stones at the carp.
The jar leaks.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has a strong essence and is able
to solve the problems in the relationship, despite initial reluctance. The
strength of the subject has not yet been wielded, and lies still, like water
in the well. The wall of the well has collapsed, so water cannot be main-
tained at a useful level, and becomes instead a shallow carp pool. The jar
leaks and cannot be used for fetching water. Instead of getting water for
life, people throw stones at the fish for their amusement. The situation of
the relationship is awful, even though the essence of the subject is yang.
The yang essence of the subject is unfavorable.
Yang 3
The mud in the well has been removed.
The water still cannot be taken out for drink.
I feel sad.
This well could provide drinking water.

If the king is bright,

The people may be favored.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject is arrogant, reck-

less, rough, or bullying, but also frank and honest. Usually people do
not like to deal with an arrogant person, and are unlikely to cooperate.
Even if the subject does something to improve the relationship, a lot of
problems remain unsolved: “The mud has been removed. The water still
cannot be taken out for drink.” Before the water can be drinkable, more
needs to be done; the wall of the well needs to be fixed and the rope and
jar have to be ready for use. To solve the problems in the relationship,
the subject and object need to work together.
“I” refers to the subject, and “the king” refers to the object. In this aw-
ful situation, the subject feels sad, and wants the object to cooperate
intelligently, so they can work toward a favorable outcome.
Yin 4
The wall of the well has been tiled.
There is no blame.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to solve the problems
in the relationship, but might yield if pushed by the subject to cooper-
ate, as in repairing the lining of the well with new tiles.
If the subject pushes the object to move forward and gets the coopera-
tion of the object, this will be a blameless act.

Yang 5
The well provides clean and cool spring water,
Drinkable water.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object, like the subject, has sufficient
strength to solve problems. If cooperation can be achieved, there is a
potential for “clean and cool spring water, drinkable water.” But if the
subject and object do not cooperate, nothing will happen.
Yin 6
People come and get water from the well.
The well remains uncovered.
Being sincere is very favorable.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude is humble, adaptable, or

agreeable, which should make solving the problems easier. Once the
problems are solved, a useful relationship can be restored: “People come
and get water from the well.”
In order to keep the relationship harmonious and open -- as in, “The
well remains uncovered.” -- the subject should be sincere in dealing with
the object. If the subject accomplishes this, the situation is very favorable.
4 Hexagram 3:3 Yield (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 57)

The title, Yield, suggests a relationship where both sides are equally
flexible, and the subject must find a way to yield to the object where

appropriate.
Both the subject and object are represented by trigram 3 ( ), Wind
(flexibility). The subject should find out the “wind direction” of the object
and flexibly yield to the “wind” -- either sheltering from it, or hoisting
a sail to harness its power.
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is beneficial to consult a great person.
The object is volatile, and it is not easy for the subject to keep up with
all the changes on the object’s part. So there are problems in the relation-
ship, but they are not very severe: “Things are going a little smoothly.”
The subject is flexible, and ready to follow the object; the difficulty lies
in anticipating what the object intends to do. The subject should make
an effort to know, to understand, and to follow the object. The subject
should not stand alone in this, but should consult a great person -- per-
haps a boss, parent, teacher, or advisor -- for advice on how to proceed
with caution.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 3 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and yang 5 ( ) are in cor-

rect positions, and the other three lines are in incorrect positions. No

line is complementary. Hexagram 3:3 is neutral, or a little unfavorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Move back and forth.
It is beneficial to stay on the way
A warrior follows.
in the relationship, and neither does the object. If the both sides keep
on in this way, the problems will never be solved; the relationship will
never be improved. The subject should make a change, moving back
and forth, demanding and compromising, offering and withdrawing
-- trying to find what works. The warrior attacks the enemy, and also
protects himself from being hurt. The warrior advances at some times
and retreats at others. The subject should stay alert like a warrior, keep-
ing a yang action and performing flexibly.
The text clearly advises the subject to change the action from yin to
yang, while remaining flexible.
Yang 2
One hides under a bed,
Giving way to others,
Like priests and magicians
Yielding to god or fate.
It is favorable and blameless.

Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the essence of the subject is strong, but us-
ing this strength reduces flexibility. Since the object is equally strong,
the subject should not compete directly, but yield to the object instead,
like priests and magicians yielding to god or fate. If the subject does so,
the situation will be favorable, and if something goes wrong, the subject
should not be blamed.
Yang 3
Yielding unwillingly and reluctantly
Is mean.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject is arrogant or bossy.

When the situation requires yielding, the subject should react spontane-
ously and graciously. With a yang attitude, the subject is unwilling and
reluctant. It is good to yield, but mean to do so without genuine humility.
Yin 4
Regret vanishes.
During field hunting
One kills three kinds of game.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move forward,
which offers a good chance for the subject to advance. If the subject takes
this chance, he or she will not regret it. The subject could move forward
like a hunter in a field, obtaining three kinds of game. But if the sub-
ject does not seize this chance, there will be regret and nothing gained.


Yang 5
Regret vanishes.
It is beneficial.
Do not initiate a thing.
But end it.
Making a change every three days
Is favorable.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the essence of the object is strong. The sub-
ject should not challenge this strength: “Staying on this course is favor-
able” and “regret vanishes.” It is beneficial for the subject to conserve
strength and refrain from initiating anything. Let the object start it,
using his or her strength until it ebbs. When the object weakens, it will
be time for the subject to end the conflict favorably. The subject should
frequently change strategies, to keep up with the changes in the object’s
side: “Making a change every three days is favorable.”
yang essence of the object is neutral, but the text tells the subject how
to make this situation favorable.
Yang 6
He hides under a bed.
One gives up a sharp axe for self-defense.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, bullying, or bossy. If

the subject is submissive and fearful, like someone hiding under a bed
and giving up a sharp axe that could have been used for self-defense,
then the object will take advantage of this and inflict more damage.
“Staying on this course is unfavorable” -- and also avoidable, because
being flexible does not mean giving up one’s own strength. The subject
possesses enough strength -- the sharp axe -- so he or she can yield to the
object to an appropriate extent, and wait for a good chance to proceed.
yang attitude of the object is neutral.
5 Hexagram 3:4 Persistence (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 32)

The title, Persistence, suggests the subject should be persistent in keep-
ing a good relationship with the object.
Thunder (move), is the object. The subject has to persist in yielding to
a moving object, in order to keep the relationship beneficial.
1 GENERAL TEXT

There is no blame.
The subject is not interested in moving the relationship forward, but

the object is. While the object does not have strength, the subject does.
The subject is arrogant; the object is respectful. The subject and the ob-
ject are complementary in all aspects: “Things are going smoothly.” The
subject helps the object with strength, and gains momentum from the

object. The subject should not be blamed; the current course is benefi-
cial. If the subject actively does something instead of merely reacting to
a push from the object, the subject could gain more from the change.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 3 ( ) and yin 6 ( ) are in correct positions.

The other four lines are in incorrect positions. All pairs of lines are
complementary. Hexagram 3:4 is neutral, or a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Dredge mud persistently.
Staying on this course is unfavorable
And not beneficial.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to persist in the
relationship, but the object pushes the subject to move. Though the
subject’s strength helps the object, the object may be dissatisfied. That
could cause problems and jeopardize the relationship. The subject has
to persist in doing something to avoid trouble, like dredging mud to
keep a waterway open. “Staying on this course is unfavorable and not
beneficial” for the subject -- so something must change. The text stresses
the negative aspect of the yin action of the subject, urging the subject
to a more determined action that can improve the relationship.


( ). The yin action of the subject is neutral.
Yang 2
Regret vanishes.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject’s essence is strong, which is ben-

eficial to the relationship and not a cause for regret.
Yang 3
Be virtuous or face humiliation.
Staying on this course is mean.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject is arrogant, bossy,

rude or domineering, but also truthful and honest, while the object’s
complementary attitude is modest, respectful, trusting, and willing to
compromise. However, to keep a good relationship with the object, the
subject must be persistently virtuous, truthful and honest: “Be virtu-
ous or face humiliation.” If not tempered with truth and sincerity, the
object’s pushiness can come across as mean.
Yang 4
There is no game in the field.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is fighting for his or her own
interests, without considering the subject. The situation is like a hunt

where the object bags all of the animals, leaving nothing for the subject:
“There is no game in the field.” Meanwhile, because the subject’s action
is yin, the subject is content to let the object win this contest. Even if
there is no gain from the object’s aggressive ways, neither is the subject
hurt by them.
Yin 5
Be virtuous persistently.
Staying on this course favors women,
But not men.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has less strength and needs help
from the subject, who has a yang essence and is fully able to offer that
help.
The subject should persistently be truthful and honest while extend-
ing this help: “Be virtuous persistently.” The outcome of the relationship
depends on how the subject deals with the object. If the subject gently,
flexibly offers support to the object, as a woman might do, the subject will
be rewarded favorably for the gesture. But if the subject forces the object
to accept help, in a rough or tactless manner, the object will not care
about the subject’s good intentions, and will, in fact, resent the subject.
Yin 6
When others are vacillating,
It is hard to be persistent.
It is unfavorable.

Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude is humble, agreeable, po-

lite, or respectful, but could also be deceptive or obsequious. Since the
attitude of the subject is yang, it is easy to misinterpret the sweet smiles
and compromises of the object. If the object is wavering, the subject
has to be careful: “When others are vacillating, it is hard to be persis-
tent.” Since persistence is highly important for the subject, this situation
could be unfavorable.
The yin attitude of the object is favorable. But the text warns the subject
to be on guard for a possible negative side of the object’s yin attitude.
6 Hexagram 3:5 Cauldron (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 50)

The title, Cauldron, takes its imagery from the vessels that ancient peo-
ple used for cooking or for rituals, as we see today in Buddhist temples.
Hexagram 3:5 describes the subject’s position in a relationship where
the object is bright and also clinging.
Trigram 3 ( ), Wind (flexibility) is the subject, and trigram 5 ( ),
Fire (brightness or clinging) is the object. When the subject serves his
or her intended purpose, like a cauldron used for cooking and ritual,
the object needs the caldron, uses it and decorates it. Even the object
dislikes the cauldron, but cannot hurt it.
1 GENERAL TEXT
The situation is very favorable.

The object is bright and clings to the subject, like a flame caressing the
surface of a cauldron. When the subject behaves appropriately, using

the object’s brightness to a good purpose, “the situation is very favor-

able” to the subject and “things are going smoothly.” If not, the subject
could get burned.
2 STRUCTURE
Yang 3 ( ) is the only line in correct position. The other lines are
in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the two middle lines
are complementary, while the top lines are in conflict. Hexagram 3:5
is neutral, or a little favorable. The text stresses the positive side of the
current situation, but the structure suggests that there may be problems
-- as indicated by the many lines in incorrect positions.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
When a cauldron is upset,
That is a chance to empty things from it.
Marrying a concubine.
The concubine gives birth to a child.
There is no blame.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the subject does not want to move ahead in
the relationship, although the object does -- as shown by the yang ac-
tion of the object. The subject has been pushed, like “a cauldron upset.”
This toppling could actually be a change to resolve problems in the re-

lationship, like a chance to empty debris from an upset cauldron. The

subject could feel uncomfortable being pushed -- like a man marrying
a concubine when there are no children with the wife -- but the end
result is not bad. The beneficial situation occurs naturally -- like a con-
cubine giving birth to a child -- and the subject should not be blamed.
Yang 2
The cauldron is full of food.
My rival hates me,
But cannot hurt me.
That is favorable.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the essence of the subject is strong, wealthy,

well-educated, successful in business, experienced, professional, power-
ful, or backed by others. Some people might dislike, and even hate, the
subject. They are represented by the object, the enemy of the subject, or
others who are envious or in disagreement. All of them could make trou-
ble for the subject, but could not seriously hurt the subject, because the
subject is in a strong position. The situation is favorable for the subject.
yin 5 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral, or a little favor-
able. The text stresses the positive side of the yang essence, encouraging
the subject to maintain this aspect.
Yang 3
The cauldron could not be moved,
For its handle is damaged.
The delicious pheasant’s meat inside it

Could not be enjoyed.
When the rain comes,

All the regrets are washed away.
The ending is favorable.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s attitude is arrogant, self-cen-

tered, rough, rude, or bossy. This yang attitude hinders others from
being close to the subject, like a cauldron that cannot be made use of
because of a damaged handle. The subject has an inner strength that
it cannot wield, like “the delicious pheasant meat inside” the cauldron
that “could not be enjoyed.”
It would be favorable for the subject’s attitude to change from yang
to yin -- to be humble, respectful, agreeable, gentle and graceful. This
would change the situation to arrive at a favorable ending, like the gentle
rain that washes all regrets away. If the subject’s attitude cannot change,
it will be like a beneficial rain that never comes.
This line is in a correct position, but it conflicts with yang 6 ( ). The
Yang 4
The leg of the cauldron is broken,
And the gentlemen’s meal is spilled out,
Making a big mess.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is pushing the subject farther than
the subject is ready to go. The pushing makes the subject uncomfortable
and awkward, like a cauldron with a broken leg. This could result in a
big mess for the subject in the realm of businessdisrupting a schedule,

plan, routine, or budget, or upsetting the people engaging in business,

such as customers, clients, colleagues, boss, parents and friends: “The
gentlemen’s meal is spilled, making a big mess.” That is unfavorable.
The text stresses the negative side of the yang action of the object. But
if the subject responds quickly and gracefully to the object’s push, then
the mess is avoidable.
Yin 5
The cauldron gets a yellow handle,
Attached with a golden stick.
It is beneficial to stay on this course.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has less strength, and needs help
from the subject. The subject is in a strong position to help the object.
If the subject offers what the object wants, the relationship will be im-
proved, like a cauldron that has been repaired, with “a yellow handle
attached with a golden stick.” The subject will be rewarded for these
contributions and enjoy the relationship: “It is beneficial to stay on this
course.” But if the subject does not want to help the object, the subject
will gain nothing.
yang 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yang 6
The cauldron is attached with a jade stick.
That is beneficial and very favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the object is arrogant, bossy,

and rude, but also may be truthful and honest.

The attachment of a stick made of the precious material jade makes
the cauldron more useful. If the subject offers help in a genuine way,
the subject could be rewarded fairly -- although the object could be ar-
rogant and rude.
This text stresses the positive nature of the object’s yang attitude of
the object, and does not mention its negative nature. The subject has
to be careful dealing with an object whose attitude is yang. Because the
object has less strength and clings to the subject, the favorability to the
subject is variable. But the situation can still be beneficial to the subject,
as indicated by the useful and beautiful jade handle.
but it is supported by yin 5 ( ). The yang attitude of the object is neu-
tral, or a little favorable.
7 Hexagram 3:6 Overburden (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 28)

The title, Overburden, consists of two Chinese characters: “big” and
“pass,” -- meaning “too much,” “overwhelming.” It implies that the situ-
ation is a heavy burden for the subject, but not a disaster.
Trigram 3 ( ), Wind (flexibility), is the subject, and trigram 6 ( ),
Lake (pleasure) is the object. The subject wants to take it easy, with no
interest in advancing, while the object actively pursues pleasure and
excitement. This makes the subject feel overburdened.
1 GENERAL TEXT
The main support beam is bent.

Going ahead is beneficial.

The subject does not want to progress in the relationship, but the object
wants to go farther, so pushes the subject -- so forcefully that the subject
feels as though “the main support beam is bent.” But the subject is es-
sentially strong enough to handle this relationship, and should change
to a yang action: “Going ahead is beneficial.” If the subject advances
actively, instead of being pushed by the object, the subject would not
feel pressure, and “things” will go “smoothly.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yang 3 ( ), yang 5 ( ), and yin 6

( ), are in correct positions; the other three are in incorrect positions.
The two bottom lines and the two top lines are complementary. The two
middle lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 3:6 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
Making a pad with a layer of white grass is blameless.
Yin 1 ( ) indicates that the action of the subject is yin. The subject
does not want to move ahead in the relationship, while the object does.
Being pushed by the object, the subject tries to protect him/herself, as
if “making a pad with a layer of soft white grass” before lying on the
ground. Under pressure, trying to act cautiously, the subject is blameless.

Yang 2
The withering willow produces a sprout.
An old man marries a young wife.
The situation is beneficial.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has essential strength -- being

healthy, well- educated or well- trained, powerful, or supported by others
-- but does not want to advance; so he or she is like a “withering willow,”
like an “old man.” Because the subject is pushed by the object to move,
the situation is similar to the withering willow producing a sprout, or
the old man marrying a young wife.
This can be a beneficial situation, when everything is considered: the
willow may be withering, but the sprout could grow big to become a
new tree; the man is old, but his young wife might give birth to a baby
who could grow to adulthood. The subject has been pushed by the ob-
ject to move forward, but yielding to the push can be rewarding: “The
situation is beneficial.”
This line is in an incorrect position, and in conflict with yang 5 ( ),
but supported by yin 1 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral,
Yang 3
The main support beam bends.
The situation is unfavorable.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject could be arrogant,

bossy, bullying, rude, reckless, or truthful and honest. The subject is un-
der pressure, but has strength and is in a solid position, like the main

support beam of a building. The subject should earn respect by doing

what he or she thinks is right, by not “bending.” If the subject heeds the
warning in the text, and keeps being truthful, honest and upright, then
the situation will be favorable.
Yang 4
The main support beam bulges.
Being involved with another is regrettable.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object wants to push the relationship

forward. This pushing solves some of the problems in the relationship,
relieving the subject of a heavy burden. “The main support beam bulg-
es,” but does not collapse, so “the situation is favorable” for the subject.
However, the subject should be vigilant, avoid being deceived or trapped,
conserve strength, and remain respectable, upright and independent:
“Being involved with another is regrettable.”
Yang 5
A withering willow produces flowers.
An old lady marries a young man.
There is no blame,
Nor honor.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the essence of the object has vitality, like a
young man, or a fresh flower. By contrast, the subject also has strength,

but because he or she has no interest in advancing, the subject resembles

a withering willow, or an old lady. Now the subject and the object come
together in a productive relationship: “A withering willow produces
flowers,” and “an old lady marries a young man.”
The flowers on the withering willow are beautiful, but cannot last
long. When an “old lady” marries a young man, they may feel happy,
but cannot have children. Their family cannot last long. Being humble,
agreeable, in a strong position, and pushing the relationship along, the
object is only concerned about his or her own benefit, and might leave
once an action is not beneficial. If this happens, “there is no blame, nor
honor” for the subject.
Yin 6
Wading across a river,
With the top of the head submerged in water,
Is unfavorable,
But blameless.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the object is yin. The object is
humble, agreeable, adaptive, respectful, or graceful, but elusive to the
subject. While the object is pushing the subject forward, the subject
does not know the object well, so making progress in the relationship
is like crossing a river when the bottom is invisible. The subject should
be prudent in responding to the object, and aware that “wading across
a river with the top of the head submerged in water is unfavorable.” The
deceptive nature of the object causes trouble. But that is not the subject’s
fault; the subject should not be blamed.
This line is in a correct position, complementary to yang 3 ( ), but

suppressing yang 5. The yin attitude of the object is neutral.
8 Hexagram 3:7 Encounter (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 44)

The title, Encounter, describes a current situation where the subject
encounters an object the subject does not want to meet.
Trigram 3 ( ), Wind (flexibility), is the subject, and trigram 7 ( ),
Heaven (strength), is the object. The subject wants to take things easily,
and has no interest in advancing. By contrast, the object is very aggres-
sive and very powerful. The subject does not want to see this object, but
they happen to meet.
1 GENERAL TEXT
Do not marry a woman

Who is too strong.
This text offers a very clear warning. In the current relationship, the
object is very aggressive, very strong and arrogant, like the sun shining
down from heaven. The subject just wants to survive, and has no interest
in becoming involved or competing with the object. However, in real-
ity the subject must deal with the object, like it or not: The “marriage”
between the subject and the strong “woman” already exists. The subject
should be prudent and watchful, in order to handle the problems that
come with this encounter.

2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 3 ( ) and yang 5 ( ) are in correct posi-

tions, but the other four lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom
lines are complementary, while the top and middle lines are in conflict.
Hexagram 3:7 is less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1
A wagon is stopped with a metal brake.
Moving ahead looks unfavorable,
Pacing up and down like a lean sow.
in the relationship. While the object is pushing hard, the subject should
stand still, like “a wagon” that “is stopped with a metal brake.” “Staying
on this course is favorable” to the subject. Since the object is very strong
and arrogant, “moving ahead is unfavorable” for the subject. The subject
should stop moving and remain still and calm, not pacing nervously up
and down the road like a lean sow.

Yang 2
In the kitchen there is a fish,
But serving a guest that fish
Is not beneficial.
There is no blame.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the essence of the subject is wealthy, well-

educated or well-trained, healthy, desirable, or supported by others.
This advantage is like having a “fish” in the kitchen, or eggs in your
basket. The object is very aggressive and wants to approach the subject
as a “guest” on a visit. The object is not only very greedy, but also very
strong and arrogant: the object will take advantage of the subject, eat-
ing or taking away the “fish” for free. Treating the object too kindly --
serving the “guest” the “fish” -- is not beneficial. The subject is guarding
his or her own privacy and independence, and should not be blamed.
but supported by yin 1 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yang 3
It is very hard to walk
Without skin on the buttocks.
This situation is dangerous,
But blameless.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject could be arrogant, rough, rude,

bullying, bossy, or truthful and honest. The attitude of the object is also
yang. When the subject is arrogant, the object fights back, giving the
subject a hard time. It is very hard for the subject to get along with the
object, and the discomfort makes the subject feel vulnerable, as if walk-
ing “without skin on the buttocks.” There may be quarrels and fights

-- ”This situation is dangerous” -- but there is no blame in sticking up

for the subject’s rights.
Yang 4
The fish in the kitchen is missing.
That causes an unfavorable consequence.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the subject suffers loss from the yang action
of the object. The object could be very aggressive, taking advantage of
the subject, stealing the “fish” from the subject’s kitchen. The yang ac-
tion of the object creates discord in the relationship.
The yang action of the object is neutral. The text stresses its negative
nature, but the yang action of the object could also solve some of the
problems in the relationship.
Yang 5
A melon was under the leaves of a wolfberry tree.
Talent has been hidden.
A chance is coming,
Like meteorites crossing the sky.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object could be as brilliant as the sub-

ject. Because of yin action, the subject’s talent has been hidden. When
the subject encounters the object, the object exposes the talent of the
subject. This encounter creates an unexpected chance for the subject,
like meteorites crossing the sky.

Yang 6
The encounter happens at an intersection.
It is unkind but blameless.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the object is yang. The object
may be arrogant, rough, rude, domineering, bossy, or simply truthful
and honest like the subject. The subject’s action is yin; the subject does
not want to meet the object. But this undesirable encounter may hap-
pen anyway, merely because the subject and object are “at an intersec-
tion.” It may be unpleasant for the subject, but it is not his or her fault.

CHAPTER 14
When Thunder ( ) is the Subject
T
to 4:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 4, Thunder. The typical
characteristic of thunder is movement. It does not refer to specific
kinds of movement, such as running, flying, or throwing, but rather to
the impulse of movement itself: starting, initiating, or setting out to
accomplish something. The image of thunder stresses the vibrating,
shocking impact of this force on others; and also implies an associated
weakness, such as that of a newborn, a newly emerging force.
1 Hexagram 4:Ø Return (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 24)

The title, Return, evokes the time after winter, when spring comes and
the seasons start a new yearly cycle. After a divorce, one starts a new re-
lationship with another person; that is a return. After being laid off, one
starts a new job; that is also a return. One walks out of a house, then,
after a while, comes back to the house; that is also a return. Hexagram
4:Ø symbolizes a new start of a relationship after completing an old
relationship.
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement), is the subject; trigram Ø ( ),
Earth (adaptability), is the object. When starting a new relationship,
the subject wants to move ahead, to take a chance. The object adapts to
the subject’s initiation, providing a vast field in which the subject may
advance. But the subject is lacking in strength and cannot go too far;
after the initial attempt, he or she must come back.

When Thunder is the Subject 272
1 GENERAL TEXT

Going back and forth is harmless.
Friends are visiting without blame.
Things are moving around a cycle of a week.
The start of this new relationship proceeds smoothly: the subject wants
to move forward, but lacks strength and experience. Vacillating is harm-
less. The object responds to the initiative of the subject. The subject ini-
tiates the interaction and should not be blamed.
Patience is called for here. Things in the world are always developing
along spiral tracks, and a relationship cannot be expected to proceed
quickly along a straight path. The reference to a “cycle of a week” sug-
gests that there will be a resolution in good time. While waiting for the
cycle to complete, the subject should keep moving, “It is beneficial to
do something.”
2 STRUCTURE
Yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and yin 6 ( ), are in correct po-

sitions; the other two lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom
lines are complementary to each other. The two middle lines and the
two top lines are in conflict. Hexagram 4:Ø is neutral.

3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Turning back
After not going very far
Is harmless, not regrettable,
Possibly, very favorable.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to move ahead, but lacks
strength and experience. “Turning back after not going very far” could
be a way to reserve strength, with lessons having been learned from the
last cycle. Turning back is harmless, not regrettable; it can even be very
favorable for preparing to begin the next cycle.
This line is in a correct position, and complementary with yin 4 ( ).
The yang action of the subject is favorable.
Yin 2
Turning back after resting
Is favorable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the essence of the subject is yin. The subject
does not have enough strength to move very far. When the subject has
inadequate strength to keep advancing, he or she should stop and take
a break, avoiding mistakes and loss, then return to the original place. If
the subject ignores this lack of strength and presses on without resting
and retreating, the subject might fail to progress to the next cycle, and
the situation could become unfavorable.

Yin 3
Worrying about turning back
Is dangerous
Yet blameless.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s attitude may be modest, flex-

ible and respectful. After advancing a certain distance, it is time to turn
back, but the subject succumbs to the object and agrees to his or her
demands, for which the subject really does not have enough strength.
“Worrying about turning back is dangerous,” because to have a better
relationship in the future, the subject must retreat.
Yin 4
Turn back alone at the halfway point.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to initiate an action,
and prefers to follow the subject. In the process of advancing, the sub-
ject controls the situation and gains. This is favorable for the subject.
When it is time to retreat, the subject should turn back alone, leaving
the object and not letting the object follow. If the object is allowed to
follow, the subject may not be able to control the situation and could
suffer loss. The subject should remember the rule, “Turn back alone at
the halfway point.”
This line is in a correct position, and complementary with yang 1 ( ).
The yin action of the object is favorable.
Yin 5
Turning back after being urged to

Is not regrettable.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object’s essence has less strength and needs
help from the subject. Because the subject feels tired and needs to rest
and retreat, the object urges the subject to turn back. If the subject does
not retreat, the demand of the object is not met and this may result in
trouble for the subject.
yin essence of the object is unfavorable.
Yin 6
Turning back with confusion
Is unfavorable and troublesome.
It is especially unfavorable for the king of a country conducting a
war.
The king will be unable to subdue the enemy in ten years and suffer
a terrible defeat at the end.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates the object’s attitude could prove tricky, confus-

ing the subject when it is time for a retreat. The subject does not really
know what the object is doing. This creates trouble for the subject on
the way back or during the next advance.
In ancient times, China was split into more than one hundred small
countries. Frequently, the king of one country launched a war against
another country. After an advance, if the king was uncertain of the cir-
cumstances, and did not take appropriate measures to turn back at the
right time, he would be “unable to subdue the enemy in ten years and
would suffer a terrible defeat in the end.”
On the other hand, the object could be humble, adaptive and agree-
able. After advancing, if the subject works hard to secure the situation,

takes a rest, gets the object to cooperate, and makes the status clear, then
during the retreat and in the future, the subject could benefit from the
cooperation of the object.
2 Hexagram 4:1 Care (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 27)

The title, Care, suggests that the subject should take care of himself or
herself. In Chinese, the character “care” also means cheek, the area on
the face around the mouth, implying nourishment.
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement), is the subject; the object is
trigram 1 ( ), Mountain (stopping). The subject wants to move, to
pursue adventure, but is delayed or blocked by the object. Instead of
trying to benefit from others, the subject should depend on his or her
own resources.
1 GENERAL TEXT

When watching others eating,
Seek food yourself.
The subject wants to push the relationship forward. The object is flex-
ible, following the subject, so that “staying on the current course is fa-
vorable.” The subject is weak and wants to improve his or her situation
with help from the object. The subject envies the object, like a hungry
person watching others eat. But the object is stubborn, refusing to share
any advantage with the subject. “Seek food yourself ” is advice for the
humble and obedient subject; after being refused, he or she must at-

tempt to improve the situation alone.
2 STRUCTURE
Yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), and yin 4 ( ) are in correct positions; the

others are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the two top
lines are complementary to each other, and the two middle lines are in
conflict. Hexagram 4:1 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
You abandoned a divine tortoise,
Looking at my mouth chewing
A big piece of meat.
With a yang action, the subject wants to take advantage of others, tak-
ing them for granted, or even cheating, robbing or stealing for personal
gain. This way “is unfavorable” to the subject. The subject should seek
improvement through his or her own efforts, such as going to college to
get a better education, doing exercise to be healthier or saving money.
This line is in a correct position, and complementary to yin 4 ( ).
The yang action of the subject is neutral.
Yin 2

You want to eat others’ food.

This is the wrong way to seek nourishment.
They have food piling up like a hill.
Assaulting others is unfavorable.
The subject’s essence is weak, but it cannot gain strength from the ob-
ject, “You want to eat others’ food; this is the wrong way to seek nour-
ishment.” Even if the object is better off, with “food piling up like a hill,”
the subject should not take advantage of the object’s wealth. “Assaulting
others is unfavorable,” meaning that there is nothing to be gained by
exploiting the good fortune of the object.
Yin 3
You are not taking care of yourself.
Do not live this way for ten years.
Nothing is beneficial.
The subject’s attitude is compliant and yielding, not self-supporting.

When the subject tries to get help from the object, he or she is rejected.
The subject is admonished not to let this situation go on indefinitely,
because it does no good.
Yin 4
You eat other’s food.
That is favorable.

Your desire for care

Resembles a stalking tiger.
That is blameless.
The object’s action is yin, indicating that there will be little resistance
to the subject. The subject is blameless, like a hungry tiger in search of
food, and will be treated favorably by the object.
The yin action of the object is neutral.
Yin 5
Even though it is the wrong way
Do not cross a big river.
The object’s essence is weak, so the subject’s desire to gain from the
object can have favorable results. But the subject is warned not to go
too far, and take advantage of the object’s tendency to yield, “Do not
cross a big river.”
Yang 6
Being taken care of by others
Is dangerous but favorable.
The object may be submissive in action and essence, but his or her at-
titude is yang. This means that the object may be arrogant, bossy, rude,
truthful or honest. The subject gains from the object, “being taken care

of by others,” and this dependency can be dangerous but also favor-

able. The subject should be humble, agreeable, and respectful, remain-
ing close to the object and pursuing this dependency. “It is beneficial
to cross a big river,”.
3 Hexagram 4:2 Prospect (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 3)

The title, Prospect, indicates hope in a relationship. In Chinese, the
title of this hexagram also means “store up.”
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement) is the subject, and trigram 2
( ), Water (difficulty and danger) is the object. The subject’s desire to
move will lead to difficulties in keeping up with the object. The prospect
of this relationship depends on how the subject deals with this difficulty.
1 GENERAL TEXT

Do not go too far.
It is beneficial to appoint a minister.
The subject wants to move the relationship forward, and can do so

“very smoothly.” “It is beneficial to stay on the current course,” moving
forward at a pace that is good for the subject, and also manageable to the
object. The object has strength and is able to help the subject. However,
the object does not trust the subject because the subject is not straight-
forward. The subject should stay close to the object, but “not go too
far.” The relationship should be negotiated and formalized, in the way

that a king appoints a “minister,” assigning missions and relying on the

minister. This gives the object confidence in the subject; both of them
can work together to develop a favorable prospect for the relationship.
2 STRUCTURE
Yang 3 ( ) is the only line in an incorrect position, and the two bottom
lines and two middle lines are complementary to each other. Hexagram
4:2 tends to be favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One is pacing up and down.
It is beneficial to stay on this course
And to appoint a minister.
The subject’s action is yang, indicating a desire to push the relation-

ship forward. But progress is subject to delays, “One is pacing up and
down.” The subject should be patient and persistent in dealing with the
object, “It is beneficial to stay on this course.” The subject should be
close to and reliant on the object, building the relationship like a king
appointing a minister and assigning increasingly substantial missions.
This line is in a correct position and complementary with yin 4 ( ).
Yin 2

Vacillating and wavering,

A band of riders are wandering around.
They aren’t robbers,
But are seeking marriage.
There is no woman willing to be married
Until ten years later.
The essence of the subject is yin. The subject has less strength and
needs help from the object. The object does not know or understand
the subject very well and is unwilling to do favors for the subject. The
subject is troubled, like a band of riders, “vacillating,” “wavering,” and
“wandering around.” The subject should deal with the object truthfully
and honestly, showing that the “band of riders” “aren’t robbers,” “but are
seeking marriage.” Then, in time, the situation will change, “Ten years
later,” there will be a “woman willing to be married.”
The yin essence of the subject is favorable.
Yin 3
Without a guide,
Chasing deer into a forest
Is not beneficial.
It is better to give up,
Or else there will be trouble.
The attitude of the subject may be humble and yielding, a mirror im-
age of the object’s attitude. The subject is suspicious of the object and
of the prospects for the relationship, because too much is unknown.
Pursuing the relationship is like “chasing deer into a forest.” The subject
has no “guide.” Going further is not beneficial. The subject should adopt

a truthful attitude. Otherwise, the prospects will be dim.

yin essence of the subject is unfavorable.
Yin 4
They are seeking marriage.
Going ahead is favorable and beneficial.
The yin action of the object yields to the subject. The subject is push-
ing the relationship forward, like “a band of riders wandering around.”
“They are seeking marriage.” The object acquiesces. “Going ahead is
favorable and beneficial” for the subject.
This line is in a correct position and complementary with yang 1 ( ).
Yang 5
One is making progress like storing grease.
Staying on this course for a short time is favorable.
Staying on this course too long is unfavorable.
The object’s yang essence offers strength and help to the subject. The
subject reaps the benefits of the object’s essence, like “storing grease.”
But since the object is suspicious of the subject, “staying on this course
too long is unfavorable.” The subject should be truthful and straight-
forward, giving the object confidence.
yang essence of the object is favorable.
Yin 6


They are weeping with bloody tears
That flow down their faces like rivulets.
The object’s yin attitude is what makes the object suspicious of the
subject. Even though the subject comes with good will, “seeking mar-
riage,” there is no progress, “A band of riders are wandering around.”
The subject cannot get what he or she wants, so the riders “are weeping
with bloody tears.”
yin attitude of the object is neutral, even though the text stresses the
negative nature of this line. If the subject’s attitude can become more
truthful and straightforward, the object’s suspicion can be overcome,
and the wandering and tears can come to an end.
4 Hexagram 4:3 Gain (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 42)

The title, Gain, promises benefits for the subject.
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement), is the subject, and the object
is trigram 3 ( ), Wind (flexibility), suggesting the fluid and pleasing
relationship of a dance, where one partner leads and the other follows.
Without question, the subject gains.
1 GENERAL TEXT
It is beneficial to go further.
The subject wants to push the relationship forward. The object consents,
following along and doing what the subject wants. The subject should

take advantage of this opportunity, “It is beneficial to go further.” The

current situation favors risk-taking, “It is beneficial to cross a big river.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, four lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and

yang 5 ( ) are in correct positions. All the lines are complementary
with the corresponding lines. Hexagram 4:3 is favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
This situation is promising for great work,
It is very favorable and blameless.
The action of the subject is yang. The subject wants to move forward
in the relationship. The object is supportive and yielding. The subject
should take this exceptional chance, “It is very favorable and blameless.”
Yin 2
It is impossible to refuse the contribution of
A tortoise worth ten pairs of seashells.
It is favorable to stay on this course forever.
The king performs a ritual

Praying to his ancestors for favor.

It is favorable.
Because of a yin essence, the subject has little strength and needs help.
The object has strength, as shown with yang 5 ( ) and is willing to help
the subject, contributing “a tortoise worth ten pairs of seashells.” A pair
of seashells was a kind of ancient currency. The relationship between
the subject and the object resembles that of a “king” and “his ancestors,”
where favor is asked for and received.
Yin 3
Receiving help at a bad time
Is blameless.
Holding a jade tablet and
Speaking gingerly,
One advises the lord.
With a yin attitude, the subject treats the object as a “lord” and talks
to the object in a polite and serious manner. The subject is very polite,
like a servant holding a jade tablet, which was used by the servants of
the emperor as a symbol of their sincerity and trustworthiness. The
subject chooses words and actions deliberately, like walking carefully in
the middle of a road. When the subject has a bad time, it is blameless to
receive help from the object, as a servant would from a lord.
Yin 4


One speaks with the lord gingerly.
The lord accepts one’s advice.
Based on that,
The capital is relocated.
The object follows the subject and does what the subject wants. The
subject respects the object as a “lord” and speaks with the object very
carefully, like walking in the middle of a road. The object listens to the
subject and follows his or her suggestion, even on very significant is-
sues, like a “lord” following the advice of a servant and relocating the
capital of the country.
Yang 5
Sincerity makes people feel better.
Certainly it is very favorable.
Sincerity makes me want to be more virtuous.
The essence of the object is yang, so the object is strong enough to help
the subject. The subject deals with the object sincerely, making the ob-
ject feel willing to help. “Certainly it is very favorable” for the subject.
The sincerity expressed in the relationship encourages the subject to
be “more virtuous.”
The yang essence of the object is favorable.
Yang 6
Do not help

But beat.
Not persistently being virtuous
Is unfavorable.
The attitude of the object is yang, which means the object may be rude
and bossy in an unfavorable situation. When the subject is not sincere
or not polite, the object does not help, but instead beats the subject. If
the subject wants to move the relationship forward and benefit, he or
she must be sincere and polite, being virtuous persistently. Otherwise,
the situation is unfavorable to the subject.
The yang attitude of the object is favorable.
5 Hexagram 4:4 Shock (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 51)

The title, Shock, implies that something suddenly happens in the re-
lationship, like a clap of thunder.
Both the subject trigram and the object trigram are trigram 4 ( ),
Thunder (movement). The subject wants to get something done, and
the object wants to do something else. They do not synchronize with
each other, and sometimes clash, like thunderheads coming together.
However, neither the subject nor the object has great power. The prob-
lems are not fatal.
1 GENERAL TEXT

Even though horrible thunder blasts,
The noisy chatting and laughing remain.
The thunder scares people over a hundred miles.

No one loses a spoon or a cup.
The subject and the object are weak and polite. They get along well.
“Things are going smoothly.” They are very active. Sometimes, while the
subject wants to do something, the object is working on something else.
Without coordination, they clash with each other, but they are not really
intending to hurt each other, “Even though horrible thunder blasts, the
noisy chatting and laughing remain.” The subject, as well as the object,
has little strength, and is humble. Problems occur in various cases, but
do not damage the relationship severely, “The thunder scares people
over a hundred miles; no one loses a spoon or a cup.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), and yin 6 ( ),

are in correct positions, and the other three are in incorrect positions.
No lines are complementary. Hexagram 4:4 is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
After horrible thunder,
Noisy chatting and laughing resume.
It is favorable.
The subject takes a yang action to improve the relationship. The object

does not anticipate it. They clash with each other like “horrible thunder.”
Then each realizes the good will of the other and they respond politely,
“Noisy chatting and laughing resume.” “It is favorable” for the subject.
yang action of the subject is neutral.
Yin 2
Thunder comes fiercely,
Worrying about losing a lot of money,
One climbs the nine hills.
Do not seek lost money.
The money will be recovered in seven days.
The subject’s essence is weak. When the subject clashes with the ob-
ject, he or she has little strength to avoid damage. “Worrying about los-
ing a lot of money, one climbs the nine hills,” in search of a safer place.
Both the subject and the object are weak, humble and respectful. No
one wants to remain in an unpleasant situation. The shock is transitory,
and the loss is temporary, “The money will be recovered in seven days.”
Yin 3
The thunder is frightening.
Walking under thunder is harmless.
With a yin attitude, the subject is humble and frightened by thunder.

The subject yields to the object to avoid damaging the relationship. In
this way, problems cannot be resolved. The subject should change his
or her attitude to be truthful and honest. When they clash, the subject

should calmly proceed with the object to find the right way, “Walking
under thunder is harmless.”
Yang 4
The thunder causes a mud slide.
With a yang action to match the subject’s, the object clashes with the
subject, like thunder blasting. The object has little strength, so the clash
damages the relationship a little, but not severely. “The thunder causes
a mud slide,” but does not cause the house to collapse.
The yang action of the object is unfavorable.
Yin 5
Thunder comes and goes fiercely.
People lose nothing,
But have trouble.
The object’s essence is in poor condition. The object wants to gain

from the subject, but it is impossible. They quarrel and fight frequently,
“Thunder comes and goes fiercely.” They have little strength. Their con-
flict does not damage the relationship severely, but makes them unhappy,
“The people lose nothing, but have trouble.”
Yin 6
Fearing thunder,

People are looking around.

It is unfavorable to take risks.
Thunder does not hit us,
But hits others.
There is no blame.
A dispute occurs in the marital relationship.
The object’s attitude is humble and polite. When the subject clashes
with the object, he or she worries about their relationship, “Fearing thun-
der, people are looking around.” The subject should be cautious to keep
the situation from deteriorating, “It is unfavorable to take risks.” In an
everyday relationship, such as one between a merchant and customer,
“the thunder does not hit us but hits others” and the subject should not
be blamed. However, in a close relationship, such as a marital relation-
ship, the subject also should practise restraint, so that no one will be hurt
by the clash. Otherwise, “a dispute occurs in the marital relationship.”
6 Hexagram 4:5 Bite (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 21)

The title, Bite, is an expression of potential pain. Being bitten by some-
thing, one suffers. If one is starving and bites something hard or poi-
soned, one also suffers.
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement), is the subject and trigram 5
( ), Fire (brightness and clinging), is the object. The subject has less
power, but is very active. When moving toward the object, the subject
suffers, being burned by “fire.” The subject is in a tough situation, like
one undergoing torture.

1 GENERAL TEXT
Things are moving smoothly

Even if in jail.
The subject and the object are different in their attitudes. The object
may be domineering. The subject is very active and wants to move
forward, but is restricted by the object. The subject has little strength,
is unable to break the blockage, and lives in a difficult situation, like a
prisoner in jail. On the other hand, the subject is adaptive. Even in such
a bad predicament, the subject yields, “Things are moving smoothly.”
2 STRUCTURE
Two lines, yang 1 ( ) and yin 2 ( ), are in correct positions; the other
four lines are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the two
middle lines are in conflict with each other, and only the two top lines
are complementary. Hexagram 4:5 is unfavorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One is restrained with fetters
Which hurt the toes.
There is no blame.

With a yang action, the subject wants to go forward, but the object may
have different ideas and want to go to somewhere else. This restraint
harms the subject a little, hurting “the toes.” The subject tries to do what
is best for the relationship and should not be blamed.
Yin 2
One gobbles a piece of tender meat with skin,
Even the nose touches the meat.
There is no blame.
A yin essence places the subject in a weak position, like a person

starving, “One gobbles a piece of tender meat with skin, even the nose
touches the meat.” The subject is struggling intensely to survive and
Yin 3
One bites into a piece of salted meat
And finds the meat is poisoned.
There is slight distress but no blame.
With a yin attitude, the subject is adaptive and agreeable. In order to

sustain and improve the relationship, the subject yields to an unpleas-
ant situation, “One bites into a piece of salted meat, and finds the meat
is poisoned.” “There is slight distress,” but the subject should not be
blamed for accepting the toxic situation.

Yang 4
One bites into a piece of dry meat with a bone
And finds a metal arrow point in the meat.
It is beneficial to struggle hard.
With a yang action, the object gives the subject a hard time. The meat
of an animal captured while hunting is of very poor quality, with “a
metal arrow point” remaining. The subject yields to the difficult situa-
tion, continuing to struggle hard. It is possible that the situation could
finally improve, “Staying on the current course is favorable.”
Yin 5
One bites into a piece of dry meat
And finds a tiny piece of gold.
Staying on this course is dangerous
But blameless.
The essence of the object is yin; what the object has to offer is poor in
quality, “One bites into a piece of dry meat and finds a tiny piece of gold.”
Swallowing gold could cause death, “Staying on this course is danger-
ous.” But again, the subject is declared to be blameless in the situation.

Yang 6
One carries a wooden yoke.
It hurts the ears.
The object’s yang attitude is arrogant and bullying, putting great pres-
sure on the subject, like a yoke that hurts the ears. The situation is un-
favorable for the subject. But the subject’s humble and adaptive attitude
complements the bullying, so if the subject yields to the current circum-
stance and is patient, waiting for a favorable change, it could possibly
happen in the future.
7 Hexagram 4:6 Follow (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 17)

The title. Follow, refers to following changes in the outside world, or
following other people.
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement) is the subject and trigram 6
( ), Lake (pleasure) is the object. The subject has less power, but is
very active. The subject follows the object and shares his or her pleasure.
1 GENERAL TEXT

There is no blame.
The subject and the object are of contrasting strengths; the subject is
weak, the object strong. The subject follows the object. By following

the object, the subject benefits, “It is beneficial to stay on the current
course.” When the subject follows the object and does his or her best,
“there is no blame.”
2 STRUCTURE
Four lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yang 5 ( ), and yin 6 ( ), are in

correct positions and the other two lines are in incorrect positions. The
two bottom lines and the two top lines are in conflict with each other; the
two middle lines are complementary. Hexagram 4:6 is slightly favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Follow changes in the outside world.
Going out and interacting with others
Paves the way to success.
With a yang action, the subject wants to move forward, but is in a weak
position and needs help. The object is in a strong position and wants to
move forward, too. The subject should follow the object, and not try to
lead. “Staying on this course is favorable” for the subject. The subject
learns and benefits from the object through this action, “Going out and
interacting with others paves the way to success.”

Yin 2
Keeping ties with an insignificant person
Causes one to lose a great person.
The essence of the subject is yin, so the subject has little strength and
needs help. The object, a “great person,” has great strength and is able to
help the subject. The subject should keep ties with the object, not other
people. If the subject is not clearly aware of the situation and keeps ties
with other people who can’t help him or her, the subject will lose the
connection to the object, “Keeping ties with an insignificant person
causes one to lose a great person.”
Yin 3
Keeping ties with a great person.
One loses an insignificant person.
Following a great person,
One is successful in his or her pursuits.
It is beneficial to continue on this course.
With a yin attitude, the subject is humble and agreeable, eager to be

close to other people. It is possible that this yielding attitude could
cause the subject to follow an unsuitable person and go astray. In mak-
ing connections with other people, the subject has to choose a suitable
person. The object is a “great person,” in a strong position and able to
help, “Following a great person, one is successful in his or her pursuits.”

Yang 4
Following a great person, one gains.
One is sincere,
And clearly following the right path.
Why should one be blamed?
The object’s yang action leads the subject, and the subject benefits. The
subject should follow the object only as long as it is good for his or her
interest, and not indefinitely, “staying on this course is unfavorable.”
While sincerely collaborating with the object for a common interest,
though, the subject remains independent and free, “clearly following
the right path.” The subject should not be blamed.
Yang 5
One is sincere and rewarded.
It is favorable.
The object’s essence is strong and able to help the subject. The subject
sincerely follows the object and is rewarded. “It is favorable” for the
subject.
Yin 6
One is bound tightly to a great person,

And will maintain this tie.

A king makes an offering on Mount West.
The object’s yin attitude is flexible and gentle. The object is glad to
have the subject following him or her, and offers assistance. The subject
should keep following the object, “One is bound tightly to a great per-
son, and will maintain this tie.” But the object is so flexible that there is
an ambiguity. It is not certain how far the subject can follow the object
and how much the object is willing to do for the subject. The subject
has to remain very sincere, like a “king,” praying to his ancestors for a
blessing. The “offering on Mount West” refers to an ancient story of King
Wen praying to his ancestors on Mount West in the Country of Zhou.
8 Hexagram 4:7 Innocence (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 25)

The title, Innocence, is composed of two Chinese characters. One
means “do not have,” the other means “look.” The combination of these
two Chinese characters means “innocence,” -- ”doesn’t expect,” “doesn’t
pursue.” “Innocence” is closest to the original meaning. The text for the
lines of this hexagram talks about “unexpected calamity” and “unex-
pected sickness,” resulting from innocence. The innocent subject of the
relationship might encounter unexpected circumstances.
Trigram 4 ( ), Thunder (movement) is the subject; the object is the
powerful trigram 7 ( ), Heaven (strength). Thunder may shock, but
has no real power and does not damage others, while Heaven has great
power. The intention of the subject is innocent, not harmful to the ob-
ject. But harm can occur.

1 GENERAL TEXT

Improper conduct causes trouble.
It is not beneficial to move ahead.
Both the subject and the object are very active. The subject is in a weak
position and needs help. The object helps. The object is arrogant. The
subject yields. In order to obtain additional advantage, the subject could
lure the object into wrongdoing. In turn, the object could abuse power
to take advantage of the subject, “Improper conduct causes trouble.”
The subject should deal with the object in an appropriate manner, being
close, but not going too far, “It is not beneficial to move ahead.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), and yang 5 ( ),

are in correct positions; the other three lines are in incorrect positions.
The two bottom lines are in conflict with each other, and the two middle
lines and two top lines are complementary. Hexagram 4:7 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One is innocent.

Going ahead is favorable.
The subject’s yang action causes him or her to approach the object and
ask for help, having no intention or ability to hurt the object. The sub-
ject is innocent. The object is in a strong position and able to help the
subject. “Going ahead is favorable” for the subject. The subject should
follow the directions of the object carefully.
Yin 2
One does not have to plow for harvesting
Nor cultivate for fertile fields,
But all one’s needs are fulfilled.
It is beneficial to move ahead.
Essentially, the subject is in a weak position. The object is very strong

and able to help the subject. The subject “is granted all” his or her
needs. However, that does not mean the subject may become lazy and
do nothing. It only means with the help of the object, the subject can
proceed without worrying about his or her weakness, “It is beneficial
to move ahead.” The subject should take this opportunity to improve
his or her essence.
Yin 3
There is an unexpected calamity
Like losing a tethered cow,
For the passerby who took the cow,

There is gain,
For the residents of the town,
It is a calamity.
With a yin attitude, the subject is agreeable and respectful. This atti-
tude helps the subject in approaching and getting help from the object.
But in trying to please the object, he or she could agree to do something
that is not right. This mistake could cause trouble, like “an unexpected
calamity, like losing a tethered cow.” The object becomes involved in
the mistake and stuck there, like “a tethered cow.” The mistake could
be used by rivals, competitors, or someone who is jealous or resents the
people in the relationship, “For the passerby who took the cow, that is a
gain.” But for the subject, “the residents of the town,” “that is a calamity.”
Yang 4
May stay on this course.
There is no blame.
With a yang action, the object deliberately approaches and supports the
subject. In a weak position, the subject “may stay on this course,” receiv-
ing help, and should not be blamed. It is possible that in approaching
the subject, the object could be too aggressive and abuse power, causing
trouble in the relationship.
Yang 5
There is an unexpected sickness,

Without being treated with medicine,

Resulting in happiness.
With a yang essence, the object is mature and experienced. The subject
is immature, has less experience, and is unable to anticipate problems
in his or her career, business, or relationships. When some problems
occur to the subject, “there is an unexpected sickness.” The object helps
the subject and solves the problems quickly, “without being treated with
medicine, resulting in happiness.”
Yang 6
One is innocent.
Moving forward may bring trouble,
And is not beneficial.
The object’s yang attitude may cause him or her to be manipulative

and cause trouble. The innocent subject wants to approach the object
to get help, but the subject has to be careful in dealing with the object
properly. If the subject is too eager, he or she could be manipulated by
the object, “Moving forward may bring trouble, and is not beneficial.”

CHAPTER 15
When Fire ( ) is the Subject
T
5:Ø to 5:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 5, Fire. The typical
characteristics of fire are brightness and a tendency to cling. Positive
attributes include cleverness, talent, and an ability to shine or succeed;
negative qualities can be rage, recklessness or roughness.
4 Hexagram 5:Ø Hurt (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 36)

The title, Hurt, refers to physical or emotional pain.
Trigram 5 ( ), Fire (brightness and clinging), is the subject; trigram
Ø ( ), Earth (adaptability), is the object. This hexagram offers the
metaphor of a great fire illuminating a vast field, and quickly consum-
ing itself because there is no flammable material to sustain it. Hurt de-
scribes the feelings of the subject in the current situation.
1 GENERAL TEXT
It is beneficial to struggle hard

And stay on the current course.
The subject is working hard to push the relationship forward with an

optimistic action and attitude, as shown by yang 1 ( ) and yang 3 ( ).
The object follows and agrees, as shown by yin 4 ( ) and yin 6 ( ).
The subject needs help as shown by yin 2 ( ), which indicates that he

When Fire is the Subject 306
or she has little essential strength. But the subject is disappointed be-
cause the object cannot provide help; yin 5 indicates little strength here,
as well. The fire consumes itself when it is not sustained by something
else, and this process is painful for the subject. But if the subject con-
tinues to “struggle hard” and “stay on the current course,” the situation
will become beneficial.
2 STRUCTURE
Figure 15.1: Structure of hexagram 5:Ø
This hexagram has five lines in correct positions, shown in black. Yin
5 ( ) is the only line in an incorrect position. The two bottom lines
and the two top lines are complementary to each other. The two middle
lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 5:Ø is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
A pheasant drops its wings during flight.
One does not eat for three days during a journey.
Despite criticism from one’s master,
One moves on.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject advances, like a pheasant fly-

ing, like a person traveling. But the subject has little strength and needs
help; the object also has little strength and is unable to provide help. The
subject grows tired, as “a pheasant drops its wings during flight,” as “one

does not eat for three days during a journey.” Other people, symbolized
by “one’s master,” criticize the subject for fruitless effort, but the subject
keeps moving ahead. If the subject keeps moving in this way, the situ-
ation may possibly improve.
yang action of the subject is favorable.
Yin 2
When one is severely hurt in the left thigh,
A strong horse gives help.
That is favorable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates the essence of the subject is hurt emotionally, and

the sharpness of this is like being “severely hurt in the left thigh.” But
there are two positive factors supporting the subject’s advance. First,
the subject wants to move forward and the object follows. Second, the
subject is optimistic about the prospects of the relationship, and the ob-
ject agrees. These truths are like a strong horse giving support, enabling
the subject to keep going. Moving forward is favorable for the subject.
Yang 3
While hunting in the south,
One captured a large game animal,
But was injured.
Stay on this course without rushing.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject has an optimistic attitude about

the prospects for the relationship. The subject can expect success in

improving the relationship, and get the object to cooperate, in the way
that a successful hunter captures “a large game animal.”
On the other hand, the subject has little strength and cannot get help
from the object. That may cause problems. The subject or the object
feels unhappy, or “injured,” at some point. The optimistic attitude of the
subject is favorable, but the unfavorable aspect of weakness remains a
concern. The subject should not proceed too quickly, but wait patiently
-- while recovering from the “injury” -- for the object to catch up.
Yin 4
Feeling like an arrow has entered the gut,
One is deeply hurt with a broken heart,
And walks out of the house.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move forward
in the relationship, because both the subject and the object have little
strength and there is little prospect for success. The subject, “feeling like
an arrow has entered the gut,” is “deeply hurt with a broken heart.” The
subject even wants to give up, by walking out of the house. However, if
there is sufficient optimism (the brightness of fire) to convince the ob-
ject that there is hope for the relationship, and the object follows when
the subject retreats, the situation will become favorable.
Yin 5
One is hurt like Qizi.

Qizi was a brother of emperor Shangzhou at the end of Shang dynasty.

Emperor Shangzhou refused his advice and put him in jail. Qizi pre-
tended to be mad to avoid persecution and death. He was deeply hurt
physically and emotionally, but maintained his love for his country and
his family.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object’s essence has little strength and is
unable to provide help, which the subject needs. The subject is deeply
hurt, but still wants to improve the relationship. The situation could
improve, “It is beneficial to stay on this course.”
Yin 6
The situation is neither bright nor dim,
At first one feels very elated
Like climbing toward heaven,
Then one feels very discouraged
Like being pressed to the ground.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is wavering so much that, from

the subject’s point of view, “the situation is neither bright nor dim.” At
first the subject feels “very elated like climbing toward heaven,” then,
“very discouraged like being pressed to the ground.” If the object sees
hope for improvement in the relationship and becomes respectful and
adaptive, cooperating with the subject, the situation will be favorable.

2 Hexagram 5:1 Ornament (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 22)

The title, Ornament, refers to an illusion at the heart of the relationship.
1 ( ), Mountain (stopping), is the object. The subject wants to ex-
hibit brightness and the object wants to demonstrate tallness. Both are
boasting, or decorating themselves, but neither one has real power. The
dynamic of the relationship is that the fiery subject is approaching the
object, while the object stands still like a mountain. For the subject, the
current situation is one-sided, an illusion.
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is beneficial to do unessential things.
The subject wants to push the relationship forward, and the object does
not share this desire, but does not oppose it, “Things are going smoothly.”
The subject has little strength and cannot get support from the object.
The subject is arrogant; the object is stubborn. If the subject wants to
do too much, this will irritate the object and make the situation worse.
So the subject should instead devote his or her restless energies to mat-
ters that are less consequential, “It is beneficial to do unessential things.”
2 STRUCTURE

In this hexagram, four lines -- yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ),

and yin 4 ( ) -- are in correct positions. The other two lines, yin 5
( ) and yang 6, ( ) are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines
are complementary to each other. The two middle lines and the two top
lines conflict. Hexagram 5:1 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Adorning his toes,
One gives up riding and takes a walk.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject’s action of approaching the ob-

ject is to come on strong at first, like a rider on horseback. Then, in or-
der to show respect, the subject “adorns his toes,” and “gives up riding
and takes a walk.” It may seem silly, but this more gentle approach is a
display of sincerity.
Yin 2
One adorns his beard.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is in a weak position and needs

help. To show good manners, the subject refines his presentation, “adorn-
ing his beard.” This decoration is not significant, but the subject is try-
ing to do his best.

Yang 3
Everything is decorated and shiny.
Staying on the current course forever is favorable.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant, trying to keep his or

her dignity and spruce up his or her outward appearance, “Everything
is decorated and shiny.” In fact, the subject has little essential strength
and cannot move too far. The object is stubborn. No matter how the
subject boasts and preens, the object does not help. The subject should
stay put, and not try to press things, “Staying on the current course for-
ever is favorable.”
Yin 4
Coming with a white fast running horse,
Ornamental and all white,
The rider appears not as a robber,
But as a suitor.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object has no interest in pushing the rela-
tionship forward. The subject should show impressive sincerity, “com-
ing with a white fast running horse, ornamental and all white,” and win
the object’s confidence, letting the object believe in his or her good will,
“The rider appears not as a robber, but as a suitor.” If the object trusts the
subject, the object will follow the subject, and the situation will improve.

Yin 5
A garden on a hill is decorated.
A gift of bolts of silk is presented.
It is unpleasant.
There is a favorable ending.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object’s essence has little strength and
cannot help the subject. The rider comes to a beautifully decorated
“garden on a hill” and presents “a gift of bolts of silk,” but gains noth-
ing. The subject feels unpleasant, because it is painful to give and not
receive. But if the subject continues in this way, showing sincerity and
trying to get the confidence of the object, the situation will be better,
“There is a favorable ending.”
Yang 6
Adorn with white.
There is no blame.
In old China, white was the color of sadness. When a person died,
the members of the family dressed in white and decorated the house
with white.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is stubborn, having no interest in
improving the relationship. Despite the subject’s attempts to approach
the object “as a suitor,” bringing gifts, the object keeps his or her mind
unchanged, exhibiting sadness with white adornments. The subject

3 Hexagram 5:2 Perfect (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 63)

The title, Perfect, describes a current situation of the relationship that
has reached perfection. It does not mean that the subject or the object
is perfect, or that the situation is perfect forever. But at this point, the
situation is perfectly ripe for the subject to achieve his or her goals.
In Chinese, the title of this hexagram consists of two characters, “al-
ready” and “cross,” referring to a story about a little fox crossing a dry
river successfully. The little fox was cunning and wanted to cross a river,
but was not a perfect swimmer. Once the river dried, the situation be-
came perfect for the little fox to cross the river. The little fox succeeded.
2 ( ), Water (difficulty and danger), is the object. While the object
poses difficulties, the brightness of the subject overcomes them and de-
rives benefit from the favorable situation.
However, instead of letting the subject believe that this is simply a mat-
ter of good fortune or destiny, the text guides the subject to understand
the situation objectively, analyzing the negative aspects and warning
that this perfect situation cannot last forever.
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is favorable at the beginning,
But becomes disordered at the end.
The subject is bossy or a bully and pushes the relationship forward, but
has little power. The object, who has stronger power, does not want to
move forward, but follows and yields to the subject reluctantly, “Things

are going a little smoothly.” If the subject keeps pushing, he or she could
gain even more, “It is beneficial to stay on the current course.”
Since the subject’s interest is kindled by the object, once the object
quits yielding, the subject will lose interest -- just as fire and water create
steam, which eventually evaporates in the process. So this is an exciting
situation that cannot last indefinitely, “It is favorable at the beginning,
but becomes disordered at the end.” The subject should decisively take
the favorable chance and be aware of the unfavorable opportunities.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, all six lines are in correct positions, as shown in black.
And all pairs of lines are complementary to each other. This hexagram
is completely favorable to the subject.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
While crossing a dry river,
A little fox drags the wheels of a wagon,
Getting its tail wet.
There is no blame.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject pulls the relationship forward,

like the little fox dragging the wheels of the wagon to cross a dry river.
Since the object follows reluctantly, sometimes the subject suffers a set-

back, like the little fox getting its tail wet; because, though the river is
dry, there are a few puddles remaining. But the subject does his or her
best and should not be blamed.
Yin 2
After losing her curtain,
A lady does not seek it,
Yet gets it back in seven days.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject needs something that will help
restore strength, such as funding, education, training, or health, like
the lady who needs a curtain that she is missing. The strong object can
help the passive subject. The “lady does not seek” the curtain, “yet gets
it back in seven days.”
Yang 3
Gaozhong launch a war against Guifang,
And conquered it in three years.
Do not use an unqualified person.
Gaozhong was a king of the country Shang in the middle of Shang dy-
nasty, 16ØØ-11ØØ BC. Guifang was a country contiguous with China
at that time.
Before Gaozhong became the king, Shang country was in a severe
political and economic crisis. The words, “Do not use an unqualified
person” refers to a story about Gaozhong, who had been silent and had

made no decision about appointing a premier for three years. Finally

he found the right person for this key position to help him bring his
country out of crisis.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s attitude is boasting and arro-
gant, yet also truthful and honest. The subject should come before the
object as a “qualified person,” inspiring confidence so that the object
can understand, trust and follow the subject.
The yang attitude of the subject is favorable.
Yin 4
Plugging leaks on the boat with some rags,
One is vigilant all day.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move ahead, but
is pushed by the subject. When any problems occur, the subject should
resolve them promptly, “plugging leaks on the boat with some rags.” The
subject should be aware of the reluctance of the object to yield, and be
“vigilant all day.”
Yang 5
The neighbor to the east,
Butchering a cow for sacrifice,
Is not really so blessed
As the neighbor to the west,
Offering a spring sacrifice,
Which is simple.

Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object has a strong essence and can be
a resource for the subject. Since the object is reluctantly following the
subject, to get help from the object the subject has to be sincere, with
true commitment. The object may not care what the subject has to show,
but does care how the subject demonstrates sincerity. “The neighbor to
the west” is truly blessed, in offering a simple, not fancy, sacrifice, be-
cause that neighbor is sincere.
Yin 6
While crossing the river,
The little fox gets its head wet.
That is dangerous.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude is humble, agreeable and

respectful. If the subject deals with the object truthfully and honestly,
the object will help the subject willingly. Otherwise the subject may get
in trouble, just as “the little fox gets its head wet.”
4 Hexagram 5:3 Matriarch (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 37)

The title, Matriarch, indicates that the subject has to do a lot of chores,
such as taking care of family members.
3 ( ), Wind (flexibility), is the object. The clinging characteristic of
the fire implies that the subject is weak internally and needs help. The
flexible characteristic of wind implies that the object may or may not do

what the subject wants. The fire may draw strength from wind, to blaze
higher and stronger, but it can just as easily be blown out by the wind.
The subject is in the position of leader, and must act boldly and wisely.
But the subject should get support from followers, and this is not easy.
1 GENERAL TEXT
It is beneficial for a woman

To stay on the current course.
The subject leads the object to move forward. The object follows. The
subject needs help. The object helps. However, while the subject is bossy,
the object does not obey. To let the object follow and give support, the
subject has to be gentle, graceful, respectful and flexible, as a woman
can be. “It is beneficial for a woman” does not mean the situation is not
beneficial for man, but rather that the subject should be more gentle
and graceful than demanding and harsh.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, five lines -- yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ),

yin 4 ( ), and yang 5 ( ) -- are in correct positions. Yang 6 ( ) is
the only line in an incorrect position. The two bottom lines and middle
lines are complementary; the two top lines are in conflict. The structure
of this hexagram shows the situation is neutral, or a little favorable. The
text points out an important issue in the relationship, that the subject

should be sincere and avoid being arrogant, bossy or bullying.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Home is the place
Where people rest after work.
Regret vanishes.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject dominates the relationship, like

a matriarch uniting family members together with a relaxing and lovely
home. The subject is doing the right thing, “Regret vanishes.”
Yin 2
As head of a family,
One does not go out,
But stays home to make food for everybody.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject does not go out to earn money,
but “stays home to make food for everybody.” This housekeeping work
looks trivial, but is essential for the family to be a unit and for its mem-
bers able to focus on their jobs. The subject should keep to this path,
“Staying on this course is favorable.”

Yang 3
The matriarch is scolding and complaining.
Realizing the danger is favorable.
Children are teasing and giggling.
There is friction at the end.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject’s attitude is the main problem

in the relationship. “The matriarch is scolding and complaining.” The
subject should realize that this yang attitude is dangerous. The example
of teasing and giggling children suggests that the subject could lose
the object’s respect. Since the object also has a yang attitude, the object
could respond to bossiness by becoming disobedient, “There is fric-
tion at the end.”
subject should remain truthful and honest, not arrogant, bossy or bul-
lying.
Yin 4
They are a rich family.
Yin 4 ( ) describes a situation where the subject pushes the rela-

tionship forward, and the object follows. The subject uses the object’s
strength to create a stable unit, like a “rich family.” “The situation is very
favorable” to the subject.
Yang 5
A person appears as a king in the family.

Do not worry.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object possesses an essential strength,

such as a good job, health, a decent education or training, or a desir-
able personality. The object is willing to help the subject, as a servant
would assist a king. The subject is supported and respected, like “a king
in the family.” The subject does not have to worry about his or her lack
of strength, such as joblessness, lack of skill, or poor health. The object
takes care of the subject. “The situation is favorable” to the subject.
Yang 6
The matriarch is respected
For her sincerity.
The end is favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object may resist the subject if the ob-
ject feels the subject is too pushy or demanding. The subject should be
sincere, truthful and honest, demonstrating that what the subject insists
upon is right and good for the object. The subject can inspire obedience
by being patient and straightforward, “The matriarch is respected for her
sincerity.” When the subject is bossy and the object is disobedient, what
is the key to resolving this conflict? The text points out that the key is not
giving up or making concessions, but sincerity, “The end is favorable.”

5 Hexagram 5:4 Totality (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 55)

The title, Totality, is best understood by consulting the Chinese title,
Feng, which is an adjective, meaning abundant or plentiful. A large part
of the text of this hexagram describes the process of a full solar eclipse.
This implies a dynamic competition between the two sides in the rela-
tionship, like what happens at the moment when the sun is completely
obscured by the moon.
4 ( ), Thunder (movement) is the object. Both of them are in mo-
tion; one is bright like the sun; the other pales in comparison, like the
moon. Subject and object move independently, in their own orbits, at
their own pace. Once they are in the same spot in the sky, in alignment
with the earth, what happens?
1 GENERAL TEXT

The king comes.
Do not worry.
The sun should be in the middle of the sky.
Both the subject and the object are making progress, but they are mov-
ing along distinct orbits, like the sun and moon, without a potential
collision, “Things are going smoothly.”
When the subject feels threatened by the object’s approach, the sub-
ject worries -- just as in ancient times, people witnessing a solar eclipse
worried about the survival of the sun. “The king comes,” like a leader
or priest summoned by the people to pray for the sun. The text is re-
assuring, “Do not worry. The sun should be in the middle of the sky.”

This indicates that competition with the object will not hurt the subject.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, four lines -- yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ), and

yin 6 ( ) -- are in correct positions. Yang 4 ( ) and yin 5 ( ) are in
incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the two middle lines are
in conflict with each other. The two top lines are complementary. The
structure of this hexagram shows the situation is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
After preparing for ten days,
Watch the sun is approaching the moon.
Moving ahead is blameless and respectable.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is actively pursuing a path of

development. The subject faces a predictable competition, as shown by
yang 4 ( ), “After preparing for ten days, watch the sun is approach-
ing the moon.” The subject is patient and waiting for the chance. The
subject should keep moving forward, “Moving ahead is blameless and
respectable.”

Yin 2
In the vast sky,
The North Star is visible at noon.
Moving ahead results in an atmosphere of suspicion.
Sincerity creates a favorable situation.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that when a competition becomes imminent, the

subject possesses little strength. This could be a lack of money, inex-
perience, or some other source of insecurity that makes it difficult for
the subject to venture forth boldly, “Moving ahead results in an atmo-
sphere of suspicion.” When confidence is not possible or realistic, the
subject should be sincere, honestly dealing with the object and others,
“Sincerity creates a favorable situation.”
Yang 3
In the copious sky,
The small stars are visible at midday.
The sun loses its right edge.
There is no blame.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject has a truthful and honest atti-
tude, even when feeling the impact of competition, “The sun loses its
right edge.” Since the subject is maintaining the correct attitude, “there
is no blame.”
The yang attitude of the subject is favorable.

Yang 4
In the vast sky,
The North Star is visible at noon.
The moon is directly in front of the sun.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is very aggressive, laying claim

to the spot where the subject is, “The moon is directly in front of the
sun.” But actually, this poses no harm to the subject, and worry about
the safety of the sun is not necessary. The competition “is favorable” to
the subject.
This line is in an incorrect position, and in conflict with yang 1 ( ).
This line is unfavorable. However, the text states, “The yang action of the
object is favorable,” regarding the whole situation of the object, which
has less strength and is respectful to the subject.
Yin 5
It comes to a beautiful moment.
Celebrate and honor that moment.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has little strength and is unable to
damage the subject.
The most amazing moment in the process of a total solar eclipse is
right after coverage is complete, “It comes to a beautiful moment.” The
colorful, fierce flames of the sun’s rays become visible. At that time, the
edge of the sun looks like a huge, diamond and gold ring hanging in
the copious sky. Through this competition, the brightness of the sub-
ject becomes visible, “Celebrate and honor that moment.” “The situa-
tion is favorable.”

This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict with yin 2 ( ).

The yin essence of the object is unfavorable. The subject does not actu-
ally gain from the object. But the text stresses the favorable aspect of a
difficult situation.
Yin 6
There is a house with many rooms.
The home is like a vast sky.
Peeking through the window of the house,
The house is dark and nobody is there.
There have been no people in sight for three years.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is conservative and fearful, and

wants to forfeit the competition, “The house is dark and nobody is
there.” The abandonment of competition hinders the subject’s develop-
ment. “There have been no people in sight for three years.” “The situa-
tion is unfavorable.”
The yin attitude of the object is favorable. If the object is humble, agree-
able and adaptive, the subject can deal with the object more easily. This
is favorable to the subject, but the text stresses the negative side of the
object’s yin attitude -- that the object’s tendency to slip away hinders
total and equal competition.
6 Hexagram 5:5 Brightness (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 30)

The title, Brightness, refers to the doubling of trigrams 5 ( ), Fire
(brightness and clinging). Subject and object are equally brilliant and
active, like two flames. They are both seeking development, and com-

peting with each other.

When the two flames are blazing side by side, which one is brighter?
Which one lasts longer? They are in competition, but neither can hurt
the other nor benefit from the other. But the two flames can link to-
gether, their energy flaring into a higher flame.
The subject should keep developing steadily, like a fiercely burning
flame, no matter what the other is doing. The text encourages the sub-
ject to succeed in the competition.
1 GENERAL TEXT

Raising a docile cow is favorable.
The subject has little strength, but aggressive movement makes him or
her stronger, as a flame is enhanced by burning more woods, grasses or
other fuels, “It is beneficial to stay on the current course.” Because the
object also possesses little strength and is unable to harm the subject,
“things are going smoothly.” Since the object is also developing, and is
a potential danger, the subject should manage to win the competition,
subduing the object like a docile cow. If the object does not yield to the
subject’s taming influence, the object may become instead like a black
bear, posing a constant danger.
2 STRUCTURE

In this hexagram, all three lines of the subject trigram, yang 1 ( ),

yin 2 ( ), and yang 3 ( ), are in correct positions. The other three,
all three lines of the object trigram -- yang 4 ( ) yin 5 ( ), and yang
6 ( ) -- are in incorrect positions. No corresponding lines are comple-
mentary. The structure of this hexagram shows that the current situa-
tion is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Steps appear in disorder.
Salute.
There is no blame.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that at any sign that the object is going to do

something, the subject acts promptly. When “steps appear in disorder,”
it should be considered as someone approaching. “Salute” immediately.
Because the subject and object are engaged in direct competition, the
quick action of the subject should not be blamed. Someone who is com-
ing could be a very important person who can help the subject succeed
competitively, such as the subject’s boss.
Yin 2
Yellow fire.
Yellow flame shows the strength of the fire, strong and with a high tem-
perature, while a dark smoke mixed with red flame shows the fire’s weakness.

Yin 2 ( ) indicates the essence of the subject is yin. The subject has
little strength -- which may be experienced as lack of money, skill, expe-
rience, or support from others. This essential need motivates the subject,
like a yellow fire burning aggressively. “It is very favorable” for the subject.
yin essence of the subject is neutral. The text encourages the subject
to be more vigorous and aggressive in advancing, like the yellow fire.
Yang 3
The fire is lighting at the sunset.
Without drumming a jar and singing,
There will be the wailing of senility.
In ancient times, at sunset, people gathered together, lighting a fire,

drumming jars, which were a kind of clay musical instrument, and sing-
ing for ceremony or amusement.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is optimistic, showing off, be-
ing excited and encouraged. The subject needs to win the competition
over the object, physically or spiritually. By moving at a slow pace with
a low profile, the subject could miss a chance to win the competition,
“Without drumming a jar and singing there will be the wailing of senil-
ity.” There is a sunset feeling of time running out for the subject, “The
situation is unfavorable.”
Yang 4
Suddenly the fire is brilliant, burning,
Then diminishing.

Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is aggressively moving forward,

suddenly creating an impact on the subject. Because of the object’s weak
essence, this rush of action is dramatic but not enduring, “Suddenly the
fire is brilliant, burning, then diminishing.”
The yang action of the object if unfavorable.
Yin 5
The weeping is torrential
With worrying and sighing.
That is favorable.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has little strength to compete with
the subject. This is not good for the object -- “The weeping is torrential
with worrying and sighing.” -- but the object’s disadvantage is “favor-
able” for the subject.
yin essence of the object is unfavorable. Regarding the context, the text
points out that the yin essence of the object can be favorable.
Yang 6
The king sent one to a war.
One killed the leader of enemies
And captured their followers.
There is no blame.
The “king” may refer to a boss, a government, a community, parents,

or whoever backs the subject.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the object is arrogant, bossy,
or bullying, and poses a challenge to the subject. The subject should

overcome the object and win the competition, “One killed the leader
of enemies and captured their followers.” But keep in mind, that the
subject does not have strength to accomplish this alone, and has to be
sent by the “king.” This is the key of the text’s advice. If in an office, one
is challenged by another coworker in a similar position, one has to get
support from someone in authority. Otherwise, one will be blamed.
7 Hexagram 5:6 Change (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 49)

The title, Change, refers to making changes in the relationship.
6 ( ), Lake (pleasure) is the object. The bright, clinging subject makes
necessary changes to take advantage of the pleasant object.
In the relationship, what should be changed or improved in order to
get help from the object? The subject needs help, and the object is able
to help, so the key is sincerity. To make the object help the subject will-
ingly, the two sides have to have a sincere regard for each other. This is
the subject’s responsibility.
1 GENERAL TEXT
After a few days,

The sincerity is shown.
Regret vanishes.
Both the subject and the object want to improve the relationship. The
object is used to being humble, modest and graceful, but the subject

behaves roughly, arrogantly and stubbornly. How can the object see
that the subject is asking for help sincerely, so that the object can offer
help happily? The subject has to change, in a way that displays sincerity.
In the beginning, the object may not trust the subject, but “after a few
days,” when “the sincerity is shown,” “things are going very smoothly.”
If the subject remains on this course, “regret vanishes.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, five lines -- yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ),

yang 5 ( ), and yin 6 ( ) -- are in correct positions. Yang 4 ( ) is
the only line in an incorrect position. The two bottom lines conflict
with each other. The two middle and two top lines are complementary.
The structure of this hexagram shows the situation is a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Tie with a belt made of leather
From a yellow ox.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject actively seeks to improve the

relationship. The subject should stick to this yang action firmly, “Tie
with a belt made of leather from a yellow ox.”

Yin 2
After a few days,
A change appears.
Going ahead is favorable.
There is no blame.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates a lack of strength that presses the subject to change

his or her behavior, and the flexibility to go along with it, “After a few
days, a change appears.” If the subject follows the path of change, “go-
ing ahead is favorable.” The subject is doing the right thing, “There is
no blame.”
Yang 3
Going ahead is unfavorable.
Staying on this course is dangerous.
Change words,
Compromise, compromise and compromise.
Then the sincerity is shown.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is stubborn. This makes the object
unhappy and distrustful of the subject. If the subject remains stubborn,
“going ahead is unfavorable,” and “staying on this course is dangerous.”
The subject should modify his or her attitude, “Compromise, compro-
mise and compromise.” Only in this way, the situation will improve,
“Then the sincerity is shown.”
The yang attitude of the subject is favorable. The text stresses that com-
promise is vital in acquiring help from others.

Yang 4
Regret vanishes.
Sincerity appears.
That changes life.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object also wants to push the relation-
ship forward. If the subject compromises, showing sincerity, the object
will be happy to help the subject. That totally elevates the relationship
to a better status. “The situation is favorable” for the subject.
The yang action of the object is unfavorable. But since the subject needs
help, the object’s actively helping the subject is favorable.
Yang 5
A great person makes a substantial change,
Like a tiger changing stripes on its body.
No doubt,
There is sincerity.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates the object’s strength and ability to help the sub-
ject. At the beginning, because of distrust, the object is reluctant to offer
help. Then, seeing the subject’s sincerity, the object becomes happy to
help the subject. This change on the subject’s part is substantive, “like
a tiger changing stripes on its body.” That change happens because the
subject compromises, showing sincerity.

Yin 6
A wise person makes significant change.
Like a leopard changing spots on its skin.
A normal person makes only modification of appearances without
any substantial change.
Going ahead is unfavorable.
Staying on the current course calmly is favorable.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is graceful and respectful. Once

the object feels that the subject is sincere, the object makes a decision
to help the subject. This change is significant, “like a leopard changing
spots on its skin.” Now progress depends on the sincerity of the subject’s
change. If the subject “makes only modification of appearances with-
out any substantial change,” then “going ahead is unfavorable.” But the
subject should keep a firm commitment to real change, “staying on the
current course calmly is favorable.”
8 Hexagram 5:7 Coalition (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 13)

The title, Coalition, refers to a united partnership between the subject
and the object.
7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the object. The subject finds a powerful
object, clings to the object and forms a coalition.
1 GENERAL TEXT
Ally with others in a wide field.


It is beneficial for one to cross a big river,
Interacting with others.
It is beneficial for the smart person
To stay on the current course.
The subject has little strength, while the object is strong. Both of them
want to move forward in the relationship and are optimistic about fur-
thering their union. To fulfill his or her mission, the subject should form
a wide range of coalitions including the object, “Ally with others in a
wide field.” If the subject does so, “things are going smoothly.” Otherwise,
there will be trouble. The subject should not let a disagreement or mis-
understanding come between the two sides, as a river separates its banks,
“It is beneficial for one to cross a big river, interacting with others.” The
subject should be smart, pursuing coalitions with others.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, four lines -- yang 1 ( ), yin 2 ( ), yang 3 ( ),

and yang 5 ( ) -- are in correct positions. Yang 4 ( ) and yang 6
( ) are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and two top lines
are in conflict; the two middle lines are complementary to each other.
The structure of this hexagram shows the situation is a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES

Yang 1
Being allied with neighbors is blameless.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to move ahead in the re-
lationship and tries to form a coalition, beginning with neighbors. The
subject is doing the right thing.
Yin 2
One allies with one’s clan.
That is uncomfortable.
Yin 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is essentially lacking in power --

not rich, not experienced, not well-educated, or not healthy. This weak-
ness makes it hard to form a wide coalition. He or she allies only with
his or her clan, and this restriction feels uncomfortable.
The yin essence of the subject is favorable. The text stresses the yin es-
sence is not favorable for coalition, because the object cannot expect
the subject to do too much.
Yang 3
Hiding in bushes
Or climbing tall mountains,
A troop has been fighting for three years
Without advancing.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant or reckless. The ob-

ject does not like the subject’s attitude. Without a coalition, the subject

is unlikely to succeed, “A troop has been fighting for three years with-
out advancing.”
yang attitude of the subject is unfavorable.
Yang 4
A troop holds a great wall.
No one can attack them.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object willingly takes an action to form

a coalition that includes the subject. Both sides work together, like a
troop holding “a great wall.” “The situation is favorable” for the subject.
The yang action of the object is unfavorable. If the subject joins the
coalition, but yields to the object, the subject’s action becomes yin and
there will be no conflict. The text says that the situation is favorable.
Yang 5
At first screaming and crying in battle,
Then smiling for victory,
The soldiers have conquered the enemy,
And meet with their allies.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates the essence of the object is yang. The object has
a great power. At first, the object did not respond to the subject’s call for
coalition and the subject was failing, “screaming and crying in battle.”
Then the object decides to form a coalition for the common interest;
and the subject gets support, “smiling for victory.”

Yang 6
Being allied with others in a rural area
Is not regrettable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, self-centered, bossy

or domineering. The subject does not like the object’s attitude or enjoy
being close to the object. However, joining a coalition with the object
is good for the subject’s interest, especially where there is space enough
for the subject to tolerate the object’s bossiness, “Being allied with oth-
ers in a rural area is not regrettable.”

CHAPTER 16
When Lake ( ) is the Subject
T
6:Ø to 6:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 6, Lake. The typical
characteristic of lake is pleasure. This not only describes a general
feeling, but also the joy that flows from an exhilarating adventure, a
successful mission, and an optimistic prospect, as well as a graceful,
flexible and modest manner.
1 Hexagram 6:Ø Approach (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 19)

The title, Approach, refers to the subject’s readiness to deal with what
is coming.
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure), is the subject; trigram Ø ( ), Earth
(adaptability) is the object. The subject takes care of the object. Together,
they deal with what is coming truthfully and realistically.
1 GENERAL TEXT

There will be an unfavorable time after eight months.
“Eight months” does not refer to an exact span of time in the calen-
dar, but to the near future. The subject has strength and is happy to
take care of the object, while the object adapts to the subject’s strength.

When Lake is the Subject 342
“Things are going very smoothly,” and “it is beneficial” for the subject
“to stay on the current course.” However, the subject has to be ready to
deal truthfully and realistically with inevitable changes, “There will be
an unfavorable time after eight months.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and yin 6 ( ),

are in correct positions. The other three, yang 2 ( ), yin 3 ( ), and
yin 5 ( ), are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the two
middle lines are complementary to each other. The two top lines are in
conflict. The structure of this hexagram shows the current situation is
neutral, or a little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Be aware of what is coming.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is taking care of the object ac-
tively, carefully watching what is going on. “Staying on this course is
favorable” for the subject to fulfill his or her mission.

Yang 2
Be aware of what is coming.
The situation is favorable and beneficial.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is strong and ready for helping
the object whenever the help is needed, “Be aware of what is coming.”
The subject’s strength is favorable and beneficial for doing what needs
to be done.
The yang essence of the subject is favorable.
Yin 3
What is coming
Is a sweet fantasy,
Not beneficial.
If one worries about the reality,
There is no blame.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is given to fantasy, and in danger

of ignoring the seriousness of what is coming. If something unfavor-
able becomes reality, the subject could miss the chance to find a good
solution. It is better to maintain an awareness of what might happen,
“If one worries about the reality, there is no blame.”
This line is in an incorrect position, and in conflict with yin 6 ( ).
The yin attitude of the subject is unfavorable.
Yin 4
Here is what is coming.
There is no blame.

Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object follows the subject. When the an-
ticipation becomes reality, the subject is able to help the object in an
appropriate way.
Yin 5
To know what is coming
Is a right thing to do for a great person.
It is favorable.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object suffers from some weakness -- is

sick, or is having trouble in business, in a relationship or with the law.
In order to help the object, the subject should thoroughly know the na-
ture of the object’s problem and the possible changes, “To know what is
coming is a right thing to do for a great person.”
Yin 6
Urging one to tell what is coming
Is favorable and blameless.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble, agreeable and respectful.

Sometimes, the object may not want to, or be able to, tell the truth about
what is transpiring. In order to help the object effectively, the subject
should urge the object to be open and honest, “to tell what is coming is
favorable and blameless.”

2 Hexagram 6:1 Loss (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 41)

The title, Loss, means that the subject suffers from a setback in the act
of helping others.
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure), is the subject; trigram 1 ( ),
Mountain (stopping), is the object. The subject is happy in helping the
object, but the object rejects this assistance. When the object needs help
badly, but behaves ungraciously, the subject should persevere in help-
ing appropriately.
1 GENERAL TEXT
There is sincerity.
It is favorable and blameless.
One may stay on this course.
What can be used for a sacrificial ceremony?
Two baskets of food are just right.
When the object really needs help, and the subject is happy to offer it,
the subject has to be sincere in this offer. Since the object is such an ar-
rogant, immodest person, only sincerity can make him polite enough to
accept assistance. If the subject does so, “it is favorable and blameless.”
The subject should always deal with the object sincerely -- “One may
stay on this course.” -- and the relationship will improve. The subject
should do just what the object wants, in the spirit of offering a sacrifice,
“Two baskets of food are just right.”

2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, only two lines, yang 1 ( ) and yin 4 ( ), are in

correct positions. The other four, yang 2 ( ), yin 3 ( ), yin 5 ( ), and
yang 6 ( ), are in incorrect positions. All the pairs of lines are comple-
mentary. The structure of this hexagram shows the current situation is
neutral, or less favorable to the subject.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
After finishing one’s own work,
Going out quickly to help others
Is blameless.
But the offer should be appropriate.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is ready and willing to help the
object. When extending this help, the subject should pay attention to
two things: the subject should finish his or her own work first, and “the
offer should be appropriate.” Otherwise, because the object has an at-
titude of high self-esteem, the object could reject or ignore the offer.
Yang 2

To move ahead is unfavorable.

Do not lose your own interest
While benefiting others.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength and is able to help
the object in appropriate ways, “It is beneficial to stay on this course.”
But the subject must be careful not to make extravagant offers, and re-
main aware that the object is arrogant and self-centered, “Do not lose
your own interest while benefiting others.”
Yin 3
Three people walk together,
Then lose one person.
One person walks alone,
Then gets a friend.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is kind, agreeable and grace-

ful. When helping the object, the subject is likely to do too much, and
overwhelm the object with kindness. This excess leads to a situation
illustrated by the old saying, “three’s a crowd.” When three people are
working together, it is natural that two of them will talk more with each
other enjoyably, while the extra person may feel bored or left out. But if
one person walks alone and meets with one other person, the balance
is more agreeable, and they may talk to each other and become friends.
The subject should offer just what the object wants, and not too much.

Yin 4
Suffering loss to solve another’s problems
Quickly brings happiness.
There is no blame.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object follows the subject. When the object
has problems, the subject offers help and makes a sacrifice to do so. The
loss does not necessarily bring bad feelings. When the object’s problems
are resolved with the subject’s help, the loss “quickly brings happiness.”
Yin 5
If there is a need to present a tortoise,
Worth ten pairs of seashells,
One should not refuse.
The allusion to “ten pairs of seashells” refers to a kind of ancient cur-

rency. A tortoise worth that much would be a very valuable contribution.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has very little strength -- is sick, or
having trouble in finance, a relationship, or the law. The subject should
help the object as much as the object needs, holding nothing back, even
to the level of “a tortoise worth ten pairs of seashells.” At a crucial time,
the sincere help is very favorable for fulfilling the subject’s mission and
improving the relationship.
Yang 6

Do not lose your own interest

While benefiting others.
There is no blame.
The others may get your servant,
But not your home.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is self-centered, arrogant, or bul-

lying. While helping the object through a crisis, the subject should also
protect himself or herself, “Do not lose your own interest, while benefit-
ing others.” “Staying on this course” by helping the object appropriately
“is favorable.” At the same time, the subject can be doing something to
help his or her own advancement, “It is beneficial to move ahead.” While
helping the object comes at a cost to the subject, the sacrifice has its lim-
its, “The others may get your servant, but not your home.”
3 Hexagram 6:2 Limitation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 60)

The title, Limitation, suggests that the subject should place limits on
his or her activities.
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure), is the subject, and, trigram 2 ( ),
Water (difficulty and danger), is the object. The subject may find plea-
sure in moving the relationship forward, but the object is not ready to
follow, and is having difficulty making decisions. The subject should
slow down, and limit possibly inappropriate activities.
The text lists three kinds of limitations: bitter or harsh, peaceful, and
sweet. If, for example, a boy knows a girl who loves him but never says

so, and he loves her, he should tell her so -- say to her, “I love you.”
Otherwise, he will lose out on true love by courting too slowly, and will
be left with nothing but sorrow. This is a bitter limitation.
1 GENERAL TEXT

Do not stay with a bitter limitation.
The subject is important to the object, and is humble and respectful

toward the object, “Things are going smoothly.” But while the subject
wants to push the relationship forward, the object is not ready to do so.
The subject should slow down, not proceed beyond the limitation. If
this restraint is too harsh, or excessive and inappropriate, it becomes a
bitter limitation -- such as a retreat, giving up, quitting a job, or engag-
ing in evil activities. The amount of restraint should be appropriate, “Do
not stay with a bitter limitation.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, four lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 4 ( ), yang 5 ( ), and

yin 6 ( ), are in correct positions. The other two lines, yang 2 ( )
and yin 3 ( ), are in incorrect positions. Only the two bottom lines
are complementary to each other. The structure of this hexagram shows
the current situation as neutral.

3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Do not go out of the room.
There is no blame.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates the subject’s desire to move ahead in the relation-

ship, but in order to cope with the object, the subject should restrain
himself or herself. There is a special warning to control wild private
behavior, such as smoking, drinking or entanglement in violence, “Do
not go out of the room.”
Yang 2
One does not walk outdoors.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is important to the object and

should maintain ties with the object. If the subject decides to “walk
outdoors” -- giving up on the relationship because of frustration or un-
certainty about the object’s hesitations, then the subject will lose com-
munication with the object, “That is unfavorable.”
Yin 3
If there is no limitation,
There will be a sigh.
There is no blame.

Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject may be yielding to a lack of dis-

cipline, living luxuriously or behaving deceptively. The subject should
practise more rigor and restraint, or will come to regret this weakness,
“If there is no limitation, there will be a sigh.”
Yin 4
Keep peaceful limitation.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that within the relationship, the object does not
want to move forward. This calls for “peaceful limitation,” If the subject
can practise patience, slowing down, waiting, and giving the object more
time, then “things are going smoothly.”
Yang 5
Keep sweet limitation.
It is favorable.
Moving ahead is honorable.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object has strength, health, financial

stability, power in business, or love for the subject. At this moment, the
object does not agree with the subject in desiring to move the relation-
ship forward, because the object has some difficulty making this deci-
sion. If the subject shows an agreeable restraint -- “sweet limitation”
-- he or she will be rewarded, “It is favorable.” Then moving ahead with
mutual understanding and respect will be honorable.


yang essence of the object is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yin 6
Keeping bitter limitation is unfavorable.
Regret vanishes.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is graceful, agreeable and respect-

ful. The subject should maintain limits that are appropriate, without
allowing them to become too harsh, “Keeping bitter limitation is unfa-
vorable.” If the subject will just slow down for a while, and refrain from
doing anything evil, then “regret vanishes.”
4 Hexagram 6:3 Sincerity (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 61)

The title, Sincerity, stresses the importance of sincerity in the relation-
ship’s success.
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure), is the subject; trigram 3 ( ), Wind
(flexibility), is the object. It is a pleasure for the subject to respect the
object. The object displays flexibility in a willingness to follow the sub-
ject. No one wants to take advantage of the other. They are enjoying a
mutual sincerity.
A true sincerity is valuable. If the other makes promises to you with
sweet words, but no deed, you should remember, “A pheasant soars into
sky with a loud, beautiful sound. It leaves nothing in deed. Staying on
this course is unfavorable.”

1 GENERAL TEXT
The current situation is favorable to everybody,

Including pigs and fish.
Interacting with each other.
Both subject and object have strength. They are healthy, strong finan-
cially, or powerful in business. No one wants or needs to take advantage
of the other, “The current situation is favorable to everybody, including
pigs and fish.” The subject actively develops the relationship, and the
object follows, “It is beneficial to cross a big river, interacting with each
other.” The object has a bossy attitude, but it is all right because the sub-
ject respects the object, “It is beneficial to stay on the current course.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, three lines, yang 1 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and yang 5 ( ),

are in correct positions. The other three, yang 2 ( ), yin 3 ( ), and
yang 6 ( ), are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and the
two top lines are complementary to each other. The two middle lines
are in conflict. The structure of this hexagram shows the current situ-
ation is neutral.

3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Being stable in a relationship is favorable.
Having an affair with another is troublesome.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is very active, and should aim
for stability. If the subject has affairs with others, that is disruptive and
may be considered insincere in the current relationship, “Having an af-
fair with another is troublesome.”
yang action of the subject is favorable. The text is a reminder that this
action should take the form of faithfulness in the relationship.
Yang 2
A crane is singing in the shade.
Its children echo,
“I have a goblet of good wine,
And I would like to share it with you.”
Yang 2 ( ) indicates the essence of the subject is strong financially,

physically or spiritually. Meanwhile, the object is strong as well. Both
sides share their good fortune sincerely.
Yin 3
When advancing with drumming,
Or quitting fighting,
Or weeping for loss,

Or singing in triumph,
People support each other during a battle.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is polite, agreeable and respect-
ful, and gets along with the object, “People support each other during
a battle.”
Yin 4
The moon is almost full.
A horse is missing.
There is no blame.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object is not as enthusiastic about the re-
lationship as the subject is. Both sides get along well, but not perfectly,
“The moon is almost full,” but not completely. Instead of moving along
at the same pace as the subject, like a pair of horses in harness, the ob-
ject may fall behind, “A horse is missing.” But “there is no blame” in this
disparity for the subject.
Yang 5
People are sincerely dealing with each other,
Like being tied together.
There is no blame.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that, like the subject, the object is essentially

strong, physically, financially, or spiritually. The subject wants to push
the relationship forward, and the object follows. They do not compete,

but take care of each other. They look as though they are “being tied
together.”
Yang 6
A pheasant soars into sky with a loud beautiful sound.
It leaves nothing in deed.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is snobbish, self-centered, or bossy.

He or she makes promises, but never really converts the promises into
reality, “A pheasant soars into sky with a loud beautiful sound. It leaves
nothing in deed.” If the object maintains this lack of sincerity without
changing, then the subject should change his or her own action or at-
titude, “Staying on this course is unfavorable.”
5 Hexagram 6:4 Marry (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 54)

The title, Marry, is composed of two characters in Chinese; one is “come
back,” and the other is “young lady.” The two characters together mean
“to allow a young lady, a child, or a sister, to be married.”
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure), is the subject; trigram 4 ( ), Thunder
(movement), is the object. It is pleasurable for the subject to be in the
relationship with the object, but the object disappoints the subject. There
is a lack of sincerity, as with an empty gesture, “A lady holds a basket
without content. A man butchers a sheep without blood.” This hexagram
symbolizes the relationship with the metaphor of a marriage poisoned

by disappointment, dissatisfaction and insincerity.
1 GENERAL TEXT
To move ahead is unfavorable.

The situation is not beneficial.
The subject benefits the object, but nothing is repaid. The subject pushes
the relationship to pursue their common interests, but the object acts in
ways that take advantage of the subject. The subject respects the object,
but the object is dishonest, so progressing in the relationship will result
in disappointment, “To move ahead is unfavorable. The situation is not
beneficial” for the subject.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, two lines, yang 1 ( ) and yin 6 ( ), are in correct

positions. The other four lines, yang 2 ( ), yin 3 ( ), yang 4 ( ),
nd yin 5 ( ), are in incorrect positions. Only the two middle lines are
complementary to each other. The structure of this hexagram shows the
current situation is less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
A young lady becomes a concubine.

A lame person is able to walk.

Making a change is favorable.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject pushes the relationship forward,
but is disappointed, “A young lady becomes a concubine” instead of an
honored wife. Although moving ahead is possible, it is difficult, “A lame
person is able to walk.” The subject should change his or her action,
“Making a change is favorable.”
Yang 2
A person with a single eye is able to see.
It is beneficial to stay in a secluded situation.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject’s essence is strong and helpful to

the object, but not completely satisfactory, “A person with a single eye
is able to see.” The subject should get some distance from the object, “It
is beneficial to stay in a secluded situation.”
Yin 3
A lady wants to be a wife,
But becomes a concubine.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is kind and respectful, but disap-
pointed because of her willingness to yield, “A lady wants to be a wife,
but becomes a concubine.”
This line is in an incorrect position, and in conflict with yin 6 ( ).
The yin attitude of the subject is unfavorable.

Yang 4
A lady postponed her wedding date.
The deferment creates a chance.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object pushes the relationship forward,

but not with sincerity. The lady who postpones her wedding date is the
subject, who is disappointed by the object’s actions. The current rela-
tionship does not favor the subject, so waiting until something changes
is a good idea, “The deferment creates a chance.”
Yin 5
When the sister of Emperor I Ching was allowed to marry King Wen,
Her wedding gown was not as elegant
As that of the concubine.
One makes a compromise,
Like a moon that is almost full
But not completely.
Emperor I Ching was the last emperor of the Shang dynasty, and King
Wen was a king of Zhou.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has little strength and needs help.
The subject is strong and can help the object, but is disappointed in this
gesture, “Her wedding gown was not as elegant as that of the concubine.”
If the subject lowers expectations and compromises -- ”like a moon that
is almost full, but not completely” -- then “the situation is favorable.”

Yin 6
A lady holds a basket without content.
A man butchers a sheep without blood.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that attitude of the object is yin. The object is

humble and respectful, but dishonest. The subject is agreeable, but dis-
appointed in the lack of reward. Both sides are maintaining the relation-
ship, but are not sincere, “The situation is not beneficial.”
6 Hexagram 6:5 Stare (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 38)

The title, Stare, comes from the Chinese “kui,” meaning “stare” or “gaze.”
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure) is the subject; trigram 5 ( ), Fire
(brightness or clinging), is the object. The subject is happy to move for-
ward in the relationship, but suspects that the object is greedy and mys-
terious. The object is like a fire that burns everything in its reach. The
subject observes the object, like one staring at an approaching flame,
fascinated but also worried about being burned. The subject observes
the object with suspicion, distrust and wariness, with the feelings of one
who “sees pigs with dirty backs and ghosts in a wagon.” This hexagram
deals with the wisdom of taking a long, careful look before coming to
conclusions, because things are not what they seem. Actually, “the ghosts
are not robbers but suitors.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
It is favorable to do unimportant things.

Both the subject and the object are very active in the relationship. The
object has little strength and needs help. The subject is happy to help,
but feels that the object is greedy, taking the subject’s offer for granted.
The subject is humble, kind, and respectful, but the object is demanding
and mysterious. The subject doubts and distrusts the object, and should
not strive toward ambitious goals in this situation, “It is favorable to do
unimportant things.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 1 ( ) is the only one line in a correct position.

The two bottom lines are in conflict with each other. The two middle
lines and two top lines are complementary. Hexagram 6:5 is neutral, or
less favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Regret vanishes.
A horse is missing.
Do not chase it.
The missing horse comes back by himself.
One sees a wicked person.
There is no blame.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to move the relationship

forward, and has no qualms about helping the object, “Regret vanishes.”
But because the object has little strength and seems to receive benefits
greedily, with boasting and deviousness, the subject distrusts the ob-
ject, feeling cheated or betrayed, “A horse is missing.” But the subject is
advised to watch and wait, instead of running after the horse, “Do not
chase it. The missing horse comes back by himself.” Actually, the sub-
ject should not worry, because the object is seeking improvement in the
relationship as well. This situation is contradictory, and bears watching.
The object may be “a wicked person,” but “there is no blame.”
Yang 2
One meets one’s master in the street.
There is no blame.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates the essence of the subject is yang. The subject

is strong and helps the object, but feels that demands are being placed
on him or her. Dealing with the object feels like unwanted supervision,
like meeting up with “one’s master in the street.”
Yang 2 ( ) is central and complementary with yin 5 ( ), but in an
incorrect position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yin 3
One sees an ox towing a wagon
And a person tugs the ox.
The person’s hair and nose are missing.
There is no good beginning
But there is a good ending.

Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is graceful and respectful, under

difficult circumstances. Yielding to the rude and brutal attitude of the
object is like watching the struggle as an ox tows a wagon and a person
tugs the ox. It is not easy to submit to this spectacle, “The person’s hair
and nose are missing.” “There is no good beginning,” but through care-
ful observation, the subject realizes that the object is not so bad, and
“there is a good ending.”
Yang 4
Staring and lonely,
One meets a great person
And deals with him sincerely.
There is a danger
But no blame.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object pushes the relationship forth

forcefully. The subject observes him or her with suspicion and distrust,
as if the object is “a great person.” The object’s pushiness poses a dan-
ger to the subject, but since the subject is sincere, “there is no blame.”
Yin 5
Regret vanishes.
A member of one’s clan causes trouble
That feels like biting the skin.
Go ahead.
Why should it be blamed?

Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object’s essence is weak financially, physi-

cally or spiritually. The subject sees the object as a member of his or her
clan and helps the object without hesitation -- ”regret vanishes” -- but
feels hurt by the object’s greediness, like receiving bites on the skin. But
the subject is doing his or her best, following through on an obligation,
and should not be blamed.
This line is central and complementary with yang 2 ( ), but in an
incorrect position. The yin essence of the object is neutral.
Yang 6
Staring and feeling lonely,
One sees pigs with dirty backs
And ghosts in a wagon.
At first one draws a bow,
But then releases it.
The ghosts are not robbers
But suitors.
Go ahead.
Meeting with rain is favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude appears to the subject

as awful and mysterious, like dirty pigs and ghosts. At first the subject
thinks the object is evil, like robbers, and tries to mount a defense, “one
draws a bow.” But staring at the object convinces the subject that he or
she is mistaken -- “the ghosts are not robbers, but suitors” -- and the
subject relaxes, as if releasing a bow. Once the mysterious impressions
are cleared up, as in “meeting with rain” that washes dirt from the backs
of pigs, the situation will become favorable.
This line is in an incorrect position, but complementary with yang 2 ( )
and supported by yin 5 ( ). The yang attitude of the object is neutral.

7 Hexagram 6:6 Pleasure (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 58)

The title, Pleasure, means the subject is making himself or herself
happy, or bringing happiness to others.
Both subject and object are trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure). The subject
is pleased to be with the object, and the object is equally pleased to be
with the subject. When problems occur in the relationship, the subject
tries to make the object feel pleasure, and as a result, receives pleasure
in return, “Trade pleasure when there is no peace.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
Things are moving smoothly.

Both sides in the relationship want to move forward, “Things are mov-
ing smoothly.” The object is strong, able to help others, and humble. The
subject can take this chance to work with the object and gain by the re-
lationship, “It is beneficial to stay on the current course.” If the object
should want to take advantage of the subject, the subject should deal
with the object gracefully and truthfully, so that they work together fairly.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 1 ( ), yang 5 ( ) and yin 6 ( ) are in cor-

rect positions; the other three lines are in incorrect positions. No line is

complementary to other corresponding line. Hexagram 6:6 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Peaceful pleasure is favorable.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to improve the relation-

ship. Meanwhile, the object acts very vigorously as well. If the subject
advances too aggressively, the object could defend his or her interests or
resist the subject. So when the subject takes action, he or she should be
gentle, warm, and kind, being careful to make the other happy without
creating conflict, “Peaceful pleasure is favorable.”
Yang 2
Sincere pleasure is favorable.
Regret vanishes.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is essentially in a strong position,

possessing health or wealth, or some skill or job that seems desirable
or important to the object. Meanwhile, the object is strong, as well. If
the subject is not sincere, the object could distrust or resent the subject,
and their mutual strength could deteriorate into a hostile competition.
While the subject works together with the object, or is doing something
for the object, he or she should share “sincere pleasure” with the object.

Yin 3
Coming pleasure is unfavorable.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is graceful, agreeable and respect-

ful. The object is graceful, agreeable and respectful, as well. The object
is actively expanding his or her own interests, so the subject should be
truthful and honest, not devious or too yielding. If the subject compro-
mises on what should not be compromised, or agrees with what is not
fair, or flatters the object, the object could provide the kind of pleasure
that is unfavorable.
Yang 4
Trade pleasure when there is no peace.
Get rid of the trouble.
There is happiness.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object acts very aggressively, creating

an impact on the subject that may disturb the peace. Instead of im-
mediately slamming back, it is better for the subject to offer a graceful
response, such as a polite greeting or a piece of chocolate. Possibly, the
object will react gracefully, as well. The two sides “trade pleasure when
there is no peace.” After a proper solution to the trouble is found, “there
is happiness.”
yang action of the object is unfavorable.
Yang 5
Being sincere, exploitation is dangerous.

Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is strong physically, financially or

spiritually, and is expanding his or her interests. If the object is trying to
take advantage of the subject, the subject should resist, “Being sincere,
exploitation is dangerous.”
Yin 6
Lead to pleasure.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is agreeable, graceful and respect-

ful. If the object is trying to take advantage of the subject, the subject
may become upset. The subject should calm down and talk with the
object truthfully, finding a fair solution to bring the relationship from
an unpleasant situation to a pleasant one, “Lead to pleasure.”
8 Hexagram 6:7 Treading (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 10)

The title, Treading, means that the subject has to deal with a powerful
object carefully, like stepping “on a tiger’s tail” while avoiding its bite.
Trigram 6 ( ), Lake (pleasure) is the subject; trigram 7 ( ), Heaven
(strength) is the object. The subject finds pleasure in pursuing the re-
lationship, but faces a very powerful object. The subject is moving on a
very dangerous path, and has to be extremely prudent.
1 GENERAL TEXT
When one steps on a tiger’s tail,

The tiger does not bite that person.

Things are moving smoothly.
Both the subject and object are strong and moving forward in the re-
lationship. Their contrast lies in attitude: the subject is humble, flexible
and respectful, and the object is arrogant, bossy or bullying and has more
power than the subject. Working with the object, the subject feels as if
he or she were treading on the tail of a tiger. Any mistake can draw an
attack from the object. If the subject is careful enough in dealing with
the object -- ”when one steps on a tiger’s tail, the tiger does not bite that
person” -- the subject could succeed, “Things are moving smoothly.”
However, at any moment, the subject’s careless step could cause disaster.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, two lines, yang 1 ( ) and yang 5 ( ), are in correct

positions; the other four lines are in incorrect positions. The two top
lines are complementary to each other. The two bottom lines and the two
middle lines are in conflict. Hexagram 6:7 is neutral, or less favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One chooses a path which is easy to walk through.
There is no blame.

Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to move forward in the

relationship. But the object is very powerful and bossy, so if the subject
merely moves in a normal way, the object will stop the subject and cause
major trouble. So “one chooses a path which is easy to walk through.”
If the subject selects an easier path, avoiding conflict with the object,
he or she should succeed. The subject makes the correct choice and
avoids blame.
Yang 2
One walks on a path,
Which is flat and smooth,
And keeps secluding oneself from society.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is strong physically, financially or

spiritually. But the object is strong too, even stronger than the subject.
If the subject shows off in front of the object, the subject will encoun-
ter a strong resistance or competition, and could fail. But if the subject
keeps a low profile, avoids society and advances quietly, there will be
less resistance, as in walking “on a path, which is flat and smooth.” If the
subject proceeds in this way, “staying on the current course is favorable.”
yang essence of the subject is unfavorable.
Yin 3
Being able to see with a single eye,
And able to walk with a single foot,
One steps on a tiger’s tail

And has been bitten.

That is how a brazen person deals with a powerful lord.
Yin 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is humble and respectful. The

object is very powerful and a bully. If the subject becomes careless and
overconfident, and thinks that he or she is “able to see with a single
eye, and able to walk with a single foot,” the result will be a costly mis-
take. When treading on the tail of a tiger, one needs to see clearly, with
both eyes, not a single eye, and needs to walk with two feet, not one.
Otherwise the subject will be like an imprudent adventurer who “steps
on a tiger’s tail and has been bitten.” The object is stronger than the sub-
ject. If the subject dares to compete with the object, it would be like “a
brazen person deals with a powerful lord.” The subject should be aware
of the danger and maintain a yin attitude.
Yang 4
Stepping on a tiger’s tail,
One moves very gingerly.
The situation is favorable at the end.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object acts aggressively, making the situ-
ation dangerous and difficult for the subject. If the subject moves very
gingerly when “stepping on a tiger’s tail,” it is possible that the subject
will be able to get through this difficult time, “The situation is favor-
able at the end.”

Yang 5
Tread determinedly.
Staying on the current course is dangerous.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is stronger than the subject,

physically, financially or spiritually. If the subject gives up in the face of
this strength, the object would take the subject for granted, and pose
a danger. The situation would be unfavorable for the subject. The sub-
ject has to move on with determination and resolve, because hesitation
can provoke the tiger’s wrath. Despite the danger of this course, there
is still a possibility for the subject to get through a difficult time if the
subject is prudent.
Yang 6
While treading on tiger’s tail, one observes carefully
And examines the situation completely and thoroughly.
Finally, the result is very favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, bossy, and bullying.

Dealing with such an object is very difficult and dangerous, like step-
ping on the tail of a tiger. The subject should observe and examine the
situation carefully, completely and thoroughly, with a yin attitude. This
humility, flexibility and prudence offers a possibility of survival and
achievement, “Finally, the result is very favorable.”
( ). The yang attitude of the object is neutral.

When Heaven is the Subject 374
CHAPTER 17
When Heaven ( ) is the Subject
T
to 7:7. Their subject trigrams are trigram 7, Heaven. The typical
characteristic of heaven is strength -- not only physical power, but
also creativity, aggressiveness, offensive action, and also recklessness, a
rough attitude, and arrogance.
1 Hexagram 7:Ø Peace (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 11)

The title, Peace, describes a harmonious relationship.
Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the subject; trigram Ø ( ),
Earth (adaptability), is the object. While the subject advances, the object
follows. The subject enjoys peace and freedom, while the object minds
his or her own business.
1 GENERAL TEXT
Though a trivial thing is lost,

A great thing is gained.
The current situation is favorable.
The subject is pushing the relationship forward. The object follows. The
object needs help, and the subject is strong and helps the object. The
subject is arrogant; the object is respectful. The relationship is harmoni-

ous. When the subject helps the object, the subject does give up some-
thing, but in return gets a peaceful environment and support from the
object, “Though a trivial thing is lost, a great thing is gained.” So, “the
current situation is favorable” for the subject, and under this peaceful
situation, “things are going smoothly.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, four lines, yang 1 ( ), yang 3 ( ), yin 4 ( ) and

yin 6 ( ), are in correct positions. The other two lines are in incorrect
positions. All of the corresponding lines are complementary with each
other. Hexagram 7:Ø is favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
While pulling a reed out of the ground,
One gets out all of the reeds,
Which tangle one with the other.
To move ahead is favorable.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is pushing the relationship for-

ward. The yin object offers no resistance as the subject moves the re-
lationship ahead. The interests of the subject and the object are inter-
twined, “While pulling a reed out of the ground, one gets out all of the
reeds, which tangle one with the other.” The situation is good for the

subject to enjoy and to develop, “To move ahead is favorable.” Since the
interests of the two sides are tied together, the subject should care for
the object as well as himself or herself.
Yang 2
With calabashes tied around the body,
One crosses a river.
One never forgets friends who are far away.
In the middle of the journey,
When one has lost a pair of seashells,
One gets help from the friends.
In ancient times, with no boats or bridges available, it was very difficult

and dangerous to cross a river. “With calabashes tied around the body,
one crosses a river” describes a subject overcoming crucial difficulties
with the help of insignificant things, such as hollow gourds used for
flotation. “A pair of seashells” was a kind of ancient Chinese currency.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is essentially healthy and well
prepared, with a good job or support from others. This strength gives
the subject an ability to help the object. As a reward, the subject gets as-
sistance from the object at the time when the subject needs help. Since
the object is in a weak position, the help he or she gives might appear
less valuable, like a pair of “calabashes,” but could make a material dif-
ference at a crucial time.
This line is central and complementary with yin 5 ( ), but in an in-
correct position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral, or a little
favorable.

Yang 3
No plain is without slope.
No going forth is without return.
To stay on this course is difficult
Yet blameless.
Do not worry;
Through sincerity one finds happiness.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant, reckless, bossy or

bullying. The object is humble, agreeable, and respectful, and can go
along with the subject very well. However, things in the world are always
changing, “No plain is without slope. No going forth is without return.”
If the subject remains stubborn, and cannot adapt to such changes with
flexibility, “to stay on this course is difficult.” But if the subject is truth-
ful and honest, he or she should not be blamed, and all will be well,
“Through sincerity one finds happiness.”
Yin 4
The birds are fluttering in the sky.
Being sincere and
Not interested in taking advantage of neighbors,
One has no need to keep alert.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object follows the subject, with no con-
flict between them. The subject enjoys the peaceful environment, as if
admiring birds “fluttering in the sky.” Since the subject is strong, while
the object is weak, the subject should not be overly aggressive, but re-
main in harmony with the object, “being sincere and not interested in

taking advantage of neighbors.” If the two sides are sincere in dealing

with each other, the subject “has no need to keep alert.”
Yin 5
When Emperor I Ching gave his sister in marriage,
That marriage brought peace and happiness.
Emperor I Ching was an emperor of the country Shang, whose son

was the last emperor of the Shang dynasty (16ØØ-11ØØ BC.) Emperor
I Ching gave his sister in marriage to King Wen (1221-1124 BC) who
was a leader of the country of Zhou.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the essence of the object is weak physically,
financially, or spiritually. Since the subject is strong, the subject should
do favors for the object, “When Emperor I Ching gave his sister in mar-
riage, that marriage brought peace and happiness.” As the subject and
the object become closer to each other, “the situation is very favorable.”
This line is in an incorrect position, but central and complementary
to yang 2 ( ). The yin essence of the object is neutral.
Yin 6
Without maintenance
The great wall of the city collapses into the moat.
One has no need to use troops.
The laws are issued in one’s own town.
Staying on this course is unpleasant.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object listens to and respects the subject.

The status of the relationship is peaceful, so there is no need for defenses,

“Without maintenance the great wall of the city collapses into the moat.
One has no need to use troops.” Though the object yields to the subject,
the subject should mind his or her own business, without trespassing
in the object’s affairs, “The laws are issued in one’s own town.” But if the
subject behaves arrogantly, taking advantage of the object’s accessibility,
“staying on this course is unpleasant.”
2 Hexagram 7:1 Build Up (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 26)

The title, Build Up, describes a situation where the energy of the sub-
ject is accumulating, but the subject does not yet exert this power. The
original title of this hexagram in Chinese is composed of two characters,
“Big” and “Accumulation.”
Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the subject; trigram 1 ( ),
Mountain (stopping), is the object. The subject is active and powerful,
but faces obstacles from the object in the way. The situation is tense.
The subject is building up energy, getting ready to break the obstacle
and pave “a path to heaven.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

It is favorable not to eat at home.
Finding food in the other town.
The subject wants to move forward, but the object is blocking the way.

The subject is strong and able to overcome the object, which is weak, “It
is beneficial to stay on the current course.” The subject is arrogant and
bossy, and the object is stubborn, so a confrontation is unavoidable. In
preparing to break the stalemate, the subject should not use up all of
his or her own resources, and should take advantage of what’s available
from the outside, “It is favorable not to eat at home. It is beneficial to
cross a big river, finding food in the other town.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 1 ( ), yang 3 ( ) and yin 4 ( ) are in cor-

rect positions; the other three lines are in incorrect positions. The two
bottom lines and the two middle lines are complementary , and the two
top lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 7:1 is neutral or a
little favorable.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
There is a danger.
It is beneficial to stop.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to move forward, but is

stopped by the stubborn object. If the subject reacts too aggressively to
this delay, before necessary preparations are complete, “there is a danger.”
The subject should take time to build up energy, “It is beneficial to stop.”

Yang 2
Move the axle out of the wagon.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is strong while the object is weak.
The object is stubborn and resistant. The subject is not ready for a fight.
The subject should conserve his or her strength, and not push forward,
“Move the axle out of the wagon.” When the time to use the wagon
comes, the subject can reassemble the wagon and drive on.
This line is central and complementary to yin 5 ( ), but in an incorrect
position. The yang essence of the subject is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yang 3
The fine horses chase each other.
It is beneficial to struggle hard and
Stay on this course.
Refine the capabilities of advancing with wagons and of defense.
It is beneficial for moving ahead.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the attitude of the subject is arrogant, reck-

less, bossy or bullying. Because the object is stubborn, blocking the
way of the subject, the subject should change his or her attitude, being
prudent instead of reckless. Instead of riding the horse to battle, let “the
fine horses chase each other.” “It is beneficial to struggle hard and stay
on this course,” submitting to training and exercises rather than tak-
ing offensive action, “Refine the capabilities of advancing with wagons
and of defense.” This attitude of restraint and patience is beneficial for
“moving ahead.”
This line is in a correct position, but in conflict to yang 6 ( ). The yang
attitude of the subject is neutral. Regarding the current situation, the text
suggests that the subject pursue a change in attitude from yang to yin.

Yin 4
The calf is curbed with a headboard
And threatens nobody.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates the action of the object is defensive and receding.

With a stubborn attitude, the object seems like an ornery calf, but “the
calf is curbed with headboard and threatens nobody.” For the subject,
“the situation is very favorable.”
Yin 5
The tusks of a gelded boar
Exert no power.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the essence of the object is yin. The object
is weak physically, financially, or spiritually. The object’s tough attitude
makes the object come across like a rampaging “boar,” but, actually, this
“boar” is gelded and will not harm the subject, “The tusks of gelded boar
exert no power.” “The situation is favorable” for the subject.
This line is central and complementary to yang 2 ( ), but in an incor-
rect position. The yin essence of the object is neutral.
Yang 6
Like moving on a path to heaven,
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude is arrogant, reckless and

stubborn. Because the subject enjoys overwhelming superiority over the

object, the subject will have no problem taking action to break through
this obstacle. If the subject is well prepared, and has built up energy for
a strike, the victory will come at minimal cost, “Like moving on a path
to heaven, things are going smoothly.”
yang attitude of the object is unfavorable.
3 Hexagram 7:2 Expectation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 5)

The title of hexagram 7:2, Expectation, means the subject can expect
a better relationship.
Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the subject; trigram 2 ( ), Water
(difficulty and danger), is the object. The subject, active and powerful,
expects a better relationship with the object. The object experiences
some difficulty and senses some danger in the relationship. The solu-
tion of these problems lies on the object’s side, so the subject’s task is
to remain in sincere expectation, believing that “respecting the others
brings a favorable ending.”
2 GENERAL TEXT
If one is sincere,
There will be a light,
Things will be going smoothly.
Communicating with others.
Both the subject and the object are strong physically, financially, or

spiritually. The subject wants to move the relationship forward. The ob-
ject wants to defend himself or herself, and even is considering a retreat
from the relationship. The subject is arrogant, self-centered, and bossy,
but also straightforward, truthful, and honest. The object is introverted,
quiet, and respectful. The object feels uncomfortable dealing with the
subject, so the subject must remain sincere, to earn the object’s trust.
Only then, “there will be a light” and “things will be going smoothly.”
The subject should keep promoting the relationship consistently, “Staying
on the current course is favorable.” The subject should reach out and
talk with the object to foster a mutual understanding, “It is beneficial
to cross a big river, communicating with others.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram all the lines are in correct positions, except yang 2
( ). The two bottom lines and top lines are complementary; the two
middle lines are in conflict with each other. Hexagram 7:2 is neutral,
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One’s wishes are distant,
Like a suburb
Far from the center of town.
It is beneficial to be persistent.

There is no blame.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is pushing the relationship for-

ward, expecting a better situation. However, the object is not equally
enthusiastic. The solution to the problem depends on how the object
acts. The subject’s expectations are at this point unrealistic, “One’s wishes
are distant, like a suburb far from the center of town.” But the subject
should keep pushing, “It is beneficial to be persistent. There is no blame.”
Yang 2
One’s expectations are based on sand,
Which is not solid.
One suffers from others’ gossip.
It is favorable in the end.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject’s essence is strong physically, fi-

nancially, or spiritually. Graced with wealth, health, desirability, success
or spiritual strength, the subject expects that these traits will prove at-
tractive to the object. But “one’s expectations are based on sand, which
is not solid.” Because the object harbors doubts about this relationship
and may be willing to hear negative advice, “one suffers from others’
gossip.” But the subject must remain sincere, steadfast, and patient, “It
is favorable in the end.”
Yang 3
One’s expectations are based on mud,
Which is soft and sticky.
One causes robbers to come.

Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant, self-centered, and

bossy. This domineering attitude will not solve the relationship’s prob-
lems, but cause it to bog down, “One’s expectations are based on mud,
which is soft and sticky.” This vulnerable situation, where a troubled re-
lationship becomes stuck in the mud of misplaced expectations, invites
others to benefit from the subject’s problems, “One causes robbers to
come.” However, the subject’s yang attitude can also be useful in fend-
ing off outsiders.
Yin 4
One’s expectations are based on blood,
Which is vital.
One is rescued from a pitfall.
Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object does not want to move forward in
the relationship. The subject must continue to wait, sincerely expect-
ing the object to feel more enthusiastic about the relationship, because
here the expectation is well founded, “One’s expectations are based on
blood, which is vital.” When the object responds to this fundamental
connection, the problems will be solved, “One is rescued from a pitfall.”
Yang 5
One’s expectations are based on food and wine,
Which are realistic benefits.

Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is essentially strong in finance,

health, power in business or desirability. If the subject expects the ob-
ject to take part in some ordinary rituals of a relationship, such as eat-
ing and drinking, the object will gain confidence in the subject, “One’s
expectations are based on food and wine, which are realistic benefits.”
Through these normal, easy activities, the subject and the object may
find a chance to solve their problems. The subject should keep pushing
the relationship forward, following the path of these domestic pleasures,
“Staying on this course is favorable.
This line is central and in a correct position, but in conflict with yang
2 ( ). The yang essence of the object is neutral.
Yin 6
When one was trapped in a pitfall,
Three unexpected guests come.
Respecting others brings a favorable ending.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object is humble, agreeable, and respect-

ful. On the other hand, the attitude of the subject is arrogant, reckless,
self-centered, bossy, or bullying. The object may be respectful and agree-
able toward the subject, but dislikes the subject’s attitude. The problems
remain unsolved, and the subject is “trapped in a pitfall.” During this
troubled time, others may come between the subject and the object,
“Three unexpected guests come.” It is not clear whether these “guests”
come to help in solving the problems, or to take advantage of the discord
in this relationship. Regardless, the subject must remain patient with
this development and trust in its outcome, “Respecting others brings
favorable ending.”
This line is in a correct position and complementary with yang 3
( ). The yin attitude of the object is favorable. If the subject is truth-

ful and honest, and connects with the object sincerely, a good solution
might be found.
4 Hexagram 7:3 Accumulation (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 9)

The title of hexagram 7:3, Accumulation, refers to letting the problems
in the relationship pile up; they do not have to be solved immediately.
Wind (flexibility), is the object. The subject is powerful and active, while
the object is also powerful, but passive. Because problems can arise in
the tug between strength and flexibility, the current situation is mixed,
“It is raining for a while, and the rain stops for a while.” The problems
should be put on hold for now, because an “expedition is unfavorable.
1 GENERAL TEXT

There are dense clouds, but it is not raining.
These clouds come from our west suburb.
In this relationship, both sides are strong, physically, financially or

spiritually, so in this sense “things are going smoothly.” But there is a
difference: the subject wants to improve the relationship, and the object
does not. Problems that occur in the relationship are not serious, or have
not come to the surface yet, “There are dense clouds, but it is not rain-
ing.” The problems come from the object, who is in a close relationship
with the subject, “These clouds come from our west suburb.” “Suburb”
refers to a wide living area, not the suburb of a modern city. The “west”
refers to the place from where King Wen came. King Wen, a leader of
the country of Zhou, revised the Yijing text.

2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram four lines, yang 1 ( ), yang 3 ( ), yin 4 ( ), and

yang 5 ( ), are in correct positions; the other two lines, yang 2 ( )
and yang 6 ( ), are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines
are complementary, and the two middle and top lines are in conflict.
Hexagram 7:3 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One returns the way one came.
Why should one be blamed?
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject is trying to bring the relation-

ship back to where it was, “One returns the way one came. Why should
one be blamed?” Currently, the problems in the relationship are not
yet serious. The object acts passively, without resistance, but the sub-
ject has strength. “The situation is favorable” for the subject’s effort to
be successful.
Yang 2
One pulls the other

Returning the way they came.

Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has essential strength and is pull-
ing the object back to the original state of the relationship. “One pulls
the other, returning the way they came.” Though the object is weary of
the relationship, the original situation is likely to be restored because of
the subject’s enthusiasm, “The situation is favorable.”
This line is central, but in an incorrect position and in conflict to yang
5 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yang 3
As the spokes break off a wagon,
Husband and wife are fighting eye to eye.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant, self-centered, and

bossy. Since the object shares this attitude, they feel unhappy with each
other, and begin quarreling or fighting, “As the spokes break off a wagon,
husband and wife are fighting eye to eye.” “Husband and wife” should
not be interpreted to mean a literal couple; this is a metaphor for the
relationship. The two sides may or may not be a couple, but they are in
a close relationship and having problems.
Yin 4
Because one is sincere,
The bloody fight dissolves and
The fear diminishes.
There is no blame.

Yin 4 ( ) indicates that the object is in a defensive mode. If the sub-

ject deals with the object sincerely, “the bloody fight dissolves and the
fear diminishes.” “There is no blame” to the subject.
Yang 5
Sincerity binds the partners together,
That serves not only one’s own interest
But makes one’s neighbors rich, also.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is healthy, well educated, profes-

sional, in possession of a good income or powerful position, or is backed
by others. If the subject is sincere, the object could work together with
the subject, “Sincerity binds the partners together. That serves not only
one’s own interest but makes one’s neighbors rich, also.” Being sincere
and working together favor both sides, as well as benefit the surround-
ing community. If the subject is not sincere, there will be problems and
the two sides will fight each other, consuming their resources. This will
not benefit either side.
Yang 6
It is raining for a while,
And the rain stops for a while.
Gain benefit with fairness and justice.
As a lady, staying on this course is dangerous.
The moon is almost full.
As a man, an expedition is unfavorable.

Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, self-centered, bossy,

or a bully, just like the subject. This causes intermittent problems in the
relationship, “It is raining for a while, and the rain stops for a while.”
If the subject and the object deal with each other fairly and justly, the
problem could be solved, “Gain benefit with fairness and justice.” The
subject should handle the relationship gently, like a woman who is used
to being gentle and graceful, even though there is a danger of confronta-
tion, “As a lady, staying on this course is dangerous.” The situation is not
perfect, but has potential, “The moon is almost full.” If the subject acts
recklessly in the way a man usually does, the situation could become
worse, “As a man, an expedition is unfavorable.”
5 Hexagram 7:4 Reckless (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 34)

The title, Reckless, offers a warning that the subject could abuse his or
her power and make a heedless mistake.
Thunder (movement), is the object. The powerful subject could take ad-
vantage of the object and overstep his or her authority, causing trouble,
like a ram, “A ram butts a fence, gets his horns entangled and cannot
go forward or backward.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
Both subject and object want to push the relationship forward. The
object is weak and needs help. The subject is strong and is able to help.

The subject is arrogant and bossy. The object is humble and agreeable
and respects the subject. For the subject, “it is beneficial to stay on the
current course.” This confirms that good circumstances exist for the
relationship, but also counsels the subject not to abuse power -- to be
prudent and remain on track.
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 1 ( ), yang 3 ( ), and yin 6 ( ) are in cor-

rect positions. The other three lines are in incorrect positions. The two
middle lines and the two top lines are complementary, and the two bot-
tom lines are in conflict. Hexagram 7:4 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One’s toes are strong.
Advancing is unfavorable.
Be sincere.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to push the relationship

forward. The subject’s “toes are strong,” but the subject’s intentions might
not be wise. Relying purely on strength, the subject does not realize
what dangerous mistakes can result from a reckless attitude. The current
situation is not bad for the subject, but the subject should remain there
and not go further, “Advancing is unfavorable.” Being sincere with the

object will benefit both sides. If the subject is prudent, and not reckless,
the relationship may advance in time.
Yang 2
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has strength and is able to offer
help, which the object needs. If the subject helps the object sincerely,
this will benefit both sides, “Staying on this course is favorable” for the
subject.”
favorable.
Yang 3
A stupid person uses force
While an intelligent person does not.
Staying on this course is dangerous,
Like a ram butts the fence and
Gets his horns entangled.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject has a reckless attitude that can
lead to carelessness. Because the subject is very strong, he or she could
abuse his or her power. If the subject is stupid, he or she will try to use
force, but “an intelligent person does not,” because of the dangers in-
volved, “like a ram butts the fence and gets his horns entangled.” The
subject should display restraint and prudence, to avoid any reckless
mistakes.

This line is in a correct position and complementary to yin 6 ( ).

The yang attitude of the subject is favorable. However, under the cur-
rent situation -- where the subject is very strong and the object is very
weak -- this yang attitude can be too much of a good thing. Both sides
want to be close to each other and the object is very polite to the sub-
ject, so the negative part of the subject’s yang attitude, recklessness, can
assume an unfavorable role.
Yang 4
Regret vanishes.
The fence breaks
And does not entangle the ram anymore.
One is strong like an axle pulling a wagon.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object wants to move forward in the

relationship. But since the object is weaker, he or she will need the sub-
ject’s help. However, the subject should exercise proper restraint with
the object, like an opening in a fence that “does not entangle the ram.”
A subject who is not entangled by his or her own forcefulness can use
that strength wisely and well, like the strong “axle pulling a wagon.”
Yin 5
Sheep were lost in the country of I Ching,
When Duke Hai was reckless.
There is no regret.
“Sheep were lost in the country of Yi” refers to a story that originated

around 19ØØ B.C. Duke Hai, with his brother Heng, drove a group of
wagons and a big flock of sheep and oxen into the country of I Ching.
The oxen drew the wagons. The inhabitants of I Ching had never seen
that method of transportation. Duke Mianchen, the leader of I Ching,
entertained Duke Hai and his entourage and asked if they would teach
him to train oxen in this manner, and Duke Hai agreed.
During his stay, Duke Hai discovered Duke Mianchen’s very beautiful
daughter. He met with her secretly, but his brother Heng discovered their
secret. Heng was also interested in this beautiful young girl, and disclosed
the affair to Duke Mianchen out of jealousy. Duke Mianchen, outraged,
killed Duke Hai and confiscated all the wagons, oxen and sheep.
Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has an essential weakness -- lack
of experience in a job, awkwardness in social relations, or a physical or
financial liability. The object needs help from the subject, just as Duke
Mianchen needed Duke Hai to teach him how to train the oxen. If the
subject heeds the lesson from this story, he or she can find a way to offer
help without carelessly risking everything; then there will be “no regret.”
This line is central and complementary to yang 2 ( ), but in an incor-
rect position. The yin essence of the object is neutral, or a little favorable.
Yin 6
A ram butts a fence, gets his horns entangled
And cannot go forward or backward.
Struggling hard is favorable.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object’s attitude -- humble, agreeable and

respectful -- can cause the subject to lose self-control and make a mis-
take, just as “a ram butts a fence, gets his horns entangled and cannot
go forward or backward.” “The situation is not beneficial,” and the sub-

ject should be aware of this danger. Avoiding it will require a struggle

to resist temptation.
The yin attitude of the object is favorable. However, because of the cur-
rent situation, the object’s yin attitude is only beneficial when the subject
makes a sufficient effort to avoid reckless behavior.
6 Hexagram 7:5 Acquisition (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 14)

The title, Acquisition, means the subject acquires benefits from the
relationship. In Chinese, this title is composed of two characters: “da,”
meaning “big,” and “you,” meaning “have.” “Acquisition” does not neces-
sarily mean acquiring material value or wealth; it can also mean gaining
intelligent assistance and other benefits.
Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the subject; trigram 5 ( ), Fire
(brightness and clinging), is the object. Together they create the image
of a powerful leader acquiring a wise person as an assistant.
1 GENERAL TEXT
Both subject and object want to move ahead in the relationship, and
both are forceful, arrogant and bossy. The subject is stronger, and takes
care of the object. The object clings to the subject and assists the subject
with his or her brilliance. This exchange between strength and intelli-
gence is highly favorable, “Things are going very smoothly.”
2 STRUCTURE

In this hexagram, two lines, yang 1 ( ) and yang 3 ( ), are in cor-

rect positions; the other four lines, yang 2 ( ), yang 4 ( ), yin 5 ( ),
and yang 6 ( ), are in incorrect positions. The two bottom lines and
the two top lines are in conflict with each other, and the two middle
lines are complementary. Hexagram 7:4 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
Interacting with others is neither harmful
Nor blameworthy.
Struggling hard is blameless.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject wants to move the relationship

forward, seeking a wise person. To find a wise person for an assistant,
the subject must interact with others. Maybe the others are not the one
the subject is searching for, but this socializing “is neither harmful nor
blameworthy.” Discovering the right person is not easy, and the subject
should persevere, “Struggling hard is blameless.”
Yang 2
One invites a wise person,
And offers the person to ride in a big wagon.

Moving ahead is blameless.
In the original Chinese text, the first sentence consists of only a few
words, “Load with big wagon.” There was a legend about Jiang Taigong,
who lived around 11ØØ B.C. When he was eighty years old, Jiang
Taigong was visited by King Wen. King Wen had heard that Jiang was a
wise man, and he had searched for him three times. He found him fish-
ing on a rock by the river. It is said in the legend that Jiang was fishing
with a needle rather than a hook. He said, “I am only taking the fish that
comes to my needle of its own will.” King Wen gave Jiang a ride in his
wagon, bringing him back to the imperial palace and appointing him as
commander in chief. Later, Jiang Taigong helped King Wen and his son
King Wu win the war over country Shang and created the Zhou dynasty.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has the strength needed to seek
out the right person. In reality, the object does not literally have to be
a wise person -- just the right person for the subject. Since the subject’s
essence is yang and complementary with object’s yin essence, “moving
ahead is blameless” for the subject.
favorable.
Yang 3
The wise man holds an offering for the king.
This ceremony cannot be done
By an unqualified person.
In ancient times, the emperor was regarded as the son of heaven.

Offerings were a very important activity used to memorialize the em-
peror’s ancestors. It is written in “Shiji,” “The teacher, Jiang Taigong,

had been pushing King Wen’s mission forward for nine years. King Wu
attended a ceremony at Bi, where King Wen was buried.” After that cer-
emony, King Wu launched a war ending the Shang dynasty.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant and bossy, like a
king. The subject uses the bright object to handle important tasks or
responsibilities, “The wise man holds an offering for the king.” Because
the subject is strict and demanding, “this ceremony cannot be done by
an unqualified person.”
Yang 4
In the world, there are few people as brilliant
As the wise person.
There is no blame.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object approaches the subject actively

and wants to proceed with the relationship. The subject should accept
and use the object, because “in the world, there are few people as bril-
liant as the wise person.” The subject likes to have the “wise person” as
an assistant, and should not be blamed.
yang action of the object is unfavorable. But regarding the whole situa-
tion, the text stresses the positive side of the object’s yang action.
Yin 5
One sincerely connects with
And dignifies the wise person.
It is favorable.

Yin 5 ( ) indicates that the object has less strength than the subject.
Perhaps the object is poor, or he or she lacks power or experience, or has
some deficiency or illness. Since the object is bright, the subject wants
to use the object. The subject “sincerely connects with and dignifies the
wise person,” the object. By doing so, the subject could acquire benefits
from the object. “It is favorable” for the subject.
This line is central and complementary with yang 2 ( ), but in an
incorrect position. The yin essence of the object is neutral, or a little
favorable.
Yang 6
Help comes from Heaven.
The situation is beneficial and favorable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is brilliant. If the subject connects

with the object sincerely, respects the object, and takes care of the ob-
ject, the object could assist the subject, “Help comes from Heaven. The
situation is beneficial and favorable.”
This line is in an incorrect position and in conflict with yang 3 ( ). The
yang attitude of the object is unfavorable. But because the relationship
is essentially complementary -- the essence of the object is yin, while
the essence of the subject is yang -- the subject can overcome possible
harm by taking care of the object. Instead of being burned, the stronger
subject can acquire the object’s brilliance and use the object in a very
important position. The text stresses the object’s brightness and holds
that “the situation is beneficial and favorable.”
7 Hexagram 7:6 Menace (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 43)

The title, Menace, is represented by the Chinese character “.” This

character is ancient, not used in the modern Chinese language. In the

original script of the fifth line of this hexagram, the first four characters
are “amaranth land .” Amaranth is a weed, and when the land is full of
weeds, it cannot produce crops. Besides, the text of this hexagram calls
for alertness three times.
Trigram 7 ( ), Heaven (strength), is the subject; trigram 6 ( ), Lake
(pleasure), is the object. The object does not have as much strength as
the subject, but with its pleasant attitude, it can develop quickly and start
to menace the subject. The subject has to be vigilant. If the subject does
“not call for alert, the end of the situation is unfavorable.”
1 GENERAL TEXT
Reveal the danger on the king’s court,

Sincerely call people in the town
To stay alert over the threat.
It is beneficial to do something,
But not war.
Both the subject and the object are strong and act aggressively. The
subject is arrogant, bossy or bullying, and also reckless -- more likely
to make mistakes and lose the support of others. By contrast, the ob-
ject is humble, graceful and prudent -- more likely to succeed in his or
her pursuit and win support from others. So the object is a threat to
the subject, “Reveal the danger on king’s court.” The subject should use
any possible means to struggle against the menacing object, “Sincerely
call people in the town to stay alert over the threat.” It is not easy for
the subject to win this confrontation. The subject has to overcome his
or her wrong attitude, and behave not recklessly, but prudently, “It is
beneficial to do something, but not war.”

2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, yang 1 ( ), yang 3 ( ), yang 5 ( ), and yin 6

( ) are in correct positions. The other two lines are in incorrect posi-
tions. The top lines are complementary with each other. The two bottom
lines and the two middle lines are in conflict. Hexagram 7:6 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
One has strong front toes
And fails in advance.
It is blameful.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the action of the subject is yang. The sub-
ject wants to advance. But sometimes, the subject fails in advancing,
because she or he sets out too vigorously, without careful thinking,
“One has strong front toes.” When facing a strong and canny object,
the subject should prepare well for the offensive movement, or risk be-
ing blamed for failure.
Yang 2
Call for keeping vigilance:

A battle might take place at night.

But don’t worry about it.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject is strong. On the other side, the
object is also strong and canny, posing a threat to the subject. The sub-
ject has to stay alert, “A battle might take place at night.” However, the
subject should not worry about the fight, because if the subject is well
prepared, he or she has enough strength for a good defense.
Yang 3
One has strong cheeks.
That causes unfavorable events.
The gentleman is menacing.
One feels like walking alone in a rain
And getting wet.
There is anger.
There is no blame.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant and demanding. It is

easy for the subject to make a mistake carelessly, especially with reckless
speech, “One has strong cheeks,” like a blowhard. For now, the object is
very dangerous. When the menacing object is irritated by an infelici-
tous remark from the subject, the object could take the subject’s words
as an excuse to attack, giving the subject a difficult time. Then the sub-
ject, without allies, “feels like walking alone in a rain and getting wet.”
This line is in a correct position and complementary to yang 6 ( ). The
yang attitude of the subject is favorable. But regarding the whole situa-
tion, this text stresses the negative side of the yang attitude of the subject.

Yang 4
When the skin on the buttocks is flailed
It is hard to sit, even to walk.
Pull a goat with you to eliminate regret.
Do not believe what others say.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is aggressive, pushing the subject

into trouble. The subject has a difficult time under this pressure, “When
the skin on the buttocks are flailed, it is hard to sit even to walk.” The
subject should be realistic and not try to accomplish too much -- just
doing what seems feasible, and taking advantage of whatever help is
available, “Pull a goat with you to eliminate regret.” Also, the subject
should be careful, and not fall into the object’s trap, “Do not believe
what others say.”
Yang 5
Weeds grow over the fields,
Menacing crops.
Walking along a central line,
Not left nor right,
Is blameless.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is strong and full of vitality,

threatening the subject, “Weeds grow over the fields, menacing crops.”
The subject should have a precise, careful strategy in dealing with this
threat, “walking along a central line, not left nor right.”
This line is central, in a correct position, but in conflict to yang 2 ( ).
The yang essence of the object is neutral.

Yin 6
If there is no call for alert,
The end of the situation is unfavorable.
Yin 6 ( ) indicates that the object has a canny, flexible attitude. At the
same time, the object is essentially aggressive and strong. The subject
cannot afford to ignore this menace, “If there is no call for alert, the end
of the situation is unfavorable.”
Regarding the whole situation, the text stresses its negative nature.
8 Hexagram 7:7 Heaven (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 1)

The title, Heaven, indicates that the relationship is like the sky, changing
constantly: from brightness of day to darkness of night, from a peaceful
blue with white clouds to a rainy gray with gusty winds. Separate pow-
ers are in equal competition, leading to sudden shifts in the weather.
In this hexagram, both the components are trigram 7 ( ), Heavens
(strength). In this confrontation of two “heavens,” the subject is vigor-
ously and continually meeting with a challenge, “One strives hard all
day and is vigilant at night.”
1 GENERAL TEXT

In the relationship, both subject and object are equally aggressive,

strong and arrogant. They compete in all aspects. The subject is pow-
erful, confident, and vigorously trying to enhance his or her position.

There are competitions, but this is to be expected, “Things are moving

very smoothly.” If the subject concedes or gives up, he or she will lose
the battle. So it is best to continue the fight, “Staying on the current
course is beneficial.”
2 STRUCTURE
In this hexagram, there are three correct lines, as shown in black, but
no line complementary is with any other line. Hexagram 7:7 is neutral.
3 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1
A dragon is hiding.
Do nothing.
This dragon is the legendary huge animal, not the biological dragon.
Its body is like a snake’s, but with scales. Its head is like a water buffalo’s,
but with antlers like a deer’s. It has four legs, but with an eagle’s claws. It
can fly and swim. It is the symbol of strength and power.
Yang 1 ( ) indicates that the subject likes to fight, and seeks to ex-
pand his or her territory. On the other side, the object is equally strong
and self-promoting. The competition or confrontation is thorough and
enduring. The subject should preserve strength, displaying power only
at the crucial point, when it is sure that he or she will gain by it. That
is the rule: use yin to deal with yang. “A dragon is hiding. Do nothing.”


Yang 2
The dragon appears in a field.
It is beneficial to show off as a great person.
Yang 2 ( ) indicates that the subject has great power, perhaps in busi-
ness or politics, or is strong financially or physically. The yang essence
is vital for sustaining a good or better position in the relationship. The
subject should be like a dragon appearing in a field, showing off as a
force with which to be reckoned. However, what the subject should do
is limit this greatness to appearances, and not call on his or her strength
until sure of winning the battle.
This line is central, but in an incorrect position and in conflict to yang
5 ( ). The yang essence of the subject is neutral.
Yang 3
One strives hard all day.
And is vigilant at night.
It is dangerous.
There is no blame.
Yang 3 ( ) indicates that the subject is arrogant and reckless. When

in confrontation with a competitor or enemy, the subject should not
be arrogant, but strive hard to enhance his or her position. The subject
should not be reckless, but prudent, “One strives hard all day, and is
vigilant at night.” Despite the danger of this situation, if the subject is
prudent and struggles hard, “there is no blame.”

Yang 4
The dragon jumps out,
Or jumps in, an abyss.
There is no blame.
Yang 4 ( ) indicates that the object is trying expand his or her inter-
ests. In dealing with this strong competitor or enemy, the subject should
be flexible and evasive, like the dragon jumping into or out of the abyss.
If the object attacks or the situation does not assure the subject of suc-
cess, the subject should retreat, like a dragon in hiding. If the object re-
treats or the situation assures the subject of success, the subject should
advance, jumping out of the abyss. The subject should change the action
according to circumstance, like the dragon, not always staying inside the
abyss or always remaining outside the abyss. If the subject can remain
alert and adaptable, “there is no blame.”
Yang 5
The dragon is flying in the sky.
It is beneficial to show off as a great person.
Yang 5 ( ) indicates that the object is strong physically, financially or

spiritually. Since the object is aggressive, posing a threat to the subject,
the subject should enhance his or her strength, and maintain superior-
ity over the object. If the object is like a dragon, advancing on the field,
the subject must rise above the object and become superior, like the
other dragon flying in the sky. Then, if the object also takes to the sky,

the subject must soar higher and faster. The subject should show off as a
great person, always remaining aware that making an impressive appear-
ance as a great person does not entail attacking like a reckless person.
This line is central and in a correct position, but in conflict to yang 2
( ). The yang essence of the object is neutral.
Yang 6
The dragon is arrogant.
That is regrettable.
Yang 6 ( ) indicates that the object is arrogant, bossy, or bullying.

To deal with an arrogant competitor or enemy, the subject should be
calm and prudent. If the subject recklessly responds to the object’s ar-
rogant attitude with equal arrogance, the subject could make a wrong
step and incur loss. Then the subject would be like an arrogant dragon
that comes to regret its lack of control.
This line is in an incorrect line and in conflict to yang 3 ( ). The yang
attitude of the object is unfavorable.
Use Yang
A flock of dragons appears.
None of them starts the first assault.
It is favorable.
The text of “Use Yang” offers general instruction on how to use the yang
lines in all the hexagrams. This text applies to the general interpretation
of yang lines in all of the sixty-four hexagrams, except hexagram Ø:Ø,
which contains no yang lines.
A yang line represents strength and mobility, like that of a dragon.
Multiple yang lines appear in the hexagrams like a flock of dragons. The

dragons like to fight. If none of the dragons makes the first assault, the
situation could be favorable. While praising the strength and mobility
of the yang nature, one should also be concerned with its negative as-
pects, such as arrogance and recklessness. If “none of them starts the
first assault,” then this tendency toward recklessness is held in check,
and the situation will be “favorable.”

APPENDIX
APPENDIX 1
VERBATIM TRANSLATION OF I CHING
TEXT
Hexagram Ø:Ø • Earth ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit mars its stay gentlemen have some go first
stray then get master benefit west south get friend east north lose
friend peace stay favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: tread frost solid ice arrive.
Yin 2: straight square large not practice no not benefit
Yin 3: include brilliance may stay or serve king business no suc-
cess have end
Yin 4: tie sack no blame no fame
Yin 5: yellow garment very favorable
Yin 6: dragon fight on field the blood black yellow
Using Yin: benefit ever stay
Hexagram Ø:1 • Deprivation ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Not benefit have some go.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: rotting bed with leg marred stay unfavorable
Yin 2: rotting bed with end marred stay unfavorable
Yin 3: rotting its no blame

Verbatim Translation of I Ching Text 413
Yin 4: rotting bed with skin unfavorable

Yin 5: string fish with court lady favor not no benefit
Yang 6: large fruit not eat gentlemen get wagon small man de-
prive house
Hexagram Ø:2 • Closeness ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Favorable origin oracle very ever stay no blame not rest side come
late person unfavorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: have sincere close its no blame have sincere full jug finally
come have other favorable
Yin 2: close it’s from inside stay favorable
Yin 3: close it’s not man
Yin 4: outside close its stay favorable
Yang 5: show close king use three chase lose front game town man
not alert favorable
Yin 6: close its no first unfavorable
Hexagram Ø:3 • Watching ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Cleansing not offering have sincere seriousness.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: childish watch small man no blame gentleman mean
Yin 2: surreptitiously watch benefit woman stay
Yin 3: watch my life advance retreat

Yin 4: watch nation its light benefit use guest on king

Yang 5: watch my life gentleman no blame
Yang 6: watch the life gentleman no blame
Hexagram Ø:4 • Delight ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit set marquis walk army.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: trumpet elephant unfavorable
Yin 2: posit on rock not end day stay favorable
Yin 3: stare elephant regret late have regret
Yang 4: follow elephant big have gain not doubt friend together
gather
Yin 5: stay sick persist not die
Yin 6: close eye elephant succeed have change no blame
Hexagram Ø:5 • Promotion ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Kang Hou use grant horse many normal day day three receive.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: promote like torture like stay favorable none sincere relax
no blame
Yin 2: promote like worry like stay favorable get this big favor on
the grandmother
Yin 3: majority consent regret vanish
Yang 4: promote like mole cricket stay dangerous

Yin 5: regret vanish lose gain not worry go favorable not no benefit
Yang 6: promote the horn for use fight town danger favorable no
blame stay mean
Hexagram Ø:6 • Gathering ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through king come have temple benefit see big man through benefit
stay use big animal favorable benefit have some go.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: have sincere no end then disorder then gather like call one
hold for smile not worry go no blame
Yin 2: lead favorable no blame sincere then benefit use sacrifice
Yin 3: gather like sigh like no some benefit go no blame little mean
Yang 4: large favorable no blame
Yang 5: gather have position no blame not sincere origin ever stay
regret vanish
Yin 6: sigh such tear snivel no blame
Hexagram Ø:7 • Denial ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Denial its not man not benefit gentleman stay large go little come.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: pull reed grass by the kind stay favorable through
Yin 2: wrap obsequious small man favorable big man denial through
Yin 3: wrap shame
Yang 4: have life no blame alike cling happy

Yang 5: stop denial big man favorable the vanish the vanish tie
on mulberry tree
Yang 6: turn over denial first denial late happiness
Hexagram 1:Ø • Modest ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through gentleman have end.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: modest modest gentleman use cross big river favorable
Yin 2: speech modest stay favorable
Yang 3: credit modest gentleman have end favorable
Yin 4: none not benefit explore cultivate modest
Yin 5: not rich with the neighbor benefit use invade fight none not
benefit
Yin 6: speech modest benefit use walk army conquer state country
Hexagram 1:1 • Stop ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Stop the back not get the body walk the courtyard not see the man
no blame.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: stop the toe no blame benefit ever stay
Yin 2: stop the calf not support the follow the heart not happy
Yang 3: stop the waist split the muscle danger burn heart
Yin 4: stop the body no blame
Yin 5: stop the cheek word have order regret vanish

Yang 6: urge stop favorable
Hexagram 1:2 • Lame ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit west south not benefit east north benefit see big man stay
favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: go lame come praise
Yin 2: king servant lame lame not self its cause
Yang 3: go lame come opposite
Yin 4: go lame come connect
Yang 5: big lame friend come
Yin 6: go lame come large favorable benefit see big man
Hexagram 1:3 • Gradual ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Woman return favorable benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: goose approach on shore little son danger have word no blame
Yin 2: goose approach on boulder eat drink concord favorable
Yang 3: goose approach on field husband fight not return wife con-
ceive not nurture unfavorable benefit resist invader
Yin 4: goose approach on wood or get the roost no blame
Yang 5: goose approach on hill woman three year not conceive end
not its win favorable
Yang 6: goose approach on land the feather may use for ornament

favorable
Hexagram 1:4 • Tolerance ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Trough benefit stay may small thing not may big thing fly bird left
it voice not proper upper proper lower big favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: fly bird with unfavorable
Yin 2: pass the grandfather meet the grandmother not reach the
king meet the minister no blame
Yang 3: not pass prevent it follow or kill it unfavorable
Yang 4: no blame not pass meet it go danger must alert not use
ever stay
Yin 5: dense cloud not rain from our west suburbs lord arrow take
it in cave
Yin 6: not meet pass it fly bird leave it unfavorable is call catastro-
phe ailment
Hexagram 1:5 • Travel ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Little through travel stay favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: travel petty that the source take calamity
Yin 2: travel reach place hold the money get child servant stay
Yang 3: travel burn the place lose the child servant danger
Yang 4: travel on reside get the money axe my heart not happy

Yin 5: shot pheasant one arrow spend end with dignity life
Yang 6: bird burn the nest travel man first laugh then cry shout
lose oxen on I Ching unfavorable
Hexagram 1:6 • Enjoyable ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through benefit stay marry woman favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: feel the thumb
Yin 2: feel the calf unfavorable reside favorable
Yang 3: feel the thigh hold the follow go mean
Yang 4: stay favorable regret vanish flicker forth back companion
follow you thought
Yang 5: feel the flesh no regret
Yin 6: feel the cheek jaw tongue
Hexagram 1:7 • Flee ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through small benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: flee tail danger not use have some go
Yin 2: hold its with yellow ox its leather not its win release
Yang 3: tangle flee have ailment danger accumulate servant con-
cubine favorable
Yang 4: good flee gentleman favorable small man deny
Yang 5: nice flee stay favorable

Yang 6: fat flee none not benefit
Hexagram 2:Ø • Army ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Stay old man favorable no blame.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: army out with discipline deny hide unfavorable
Yang 2: in army middle favorable no blame king three assign life
Yin 3: army puzzle wagon corpse unfavorable
Yin 4: army retreat no blame
Yin 5: field have bird benefit execute word no blame old son lead
army brother son wagon corps stay unfavorable
Yin 6: big king have life create country inherit family small man
not use
Hexagram 2:1 • Ignorance ( )
1 GENERAL
through not I beg child ignorance child ignorance beg me initial
oracle tell again three profane profane then not tell benefit stay
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: develop ignorant benefit use model man use lose fetters to
go mean
Yang 2: wrap ignorance favorable marry lady favorable son over-
come home
Yin 3: not use marry woman see gold man not have self no some
benefit

Yin 4: tired ignorance mean

Yin 5: child ignorance favorable
Yang 6: attack ignorance not benefit be robber benefit against
robber
Hexagram 2:2 • Pitfall ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Have sincere tie heart through walk have value.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: many pitfall into on pitfall cellar unfavorable
Yang 2: pitfall have danger seek small gain
Yin 3: come its pitfall pitfall danger and deep into on pitfall cellar
not use
Yin 4: cup wine basket two use jar receive simple from window
final no blame
Yang 5: pitfall not full bottom already flat no blame
Yin 6: tie with rope put in bush bramble three year not get unfa-
vorable
Hexagram 2:3 • Flood ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through king come have temple benefit cross big river benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: use save horse strong favorable
Yang 2: flood run the table regret vanish
Yin 3: Flood the self no regret

Yin 4: flood the herd very favorable flood have hill not you by think
Yang 5: flood sweet the big call flood king residence no blame
Yang 6: flood the blood go far out no blame
Hexagram 2:4 • Solution ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit west south no where go the come return favorable have
some go swift favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: no blame
Yang 2: field obtain three fox get yellow arrow stay favorable
Yin 3: carry and ride cause robber come stay mean
Yang 4: release the thumb friend come this sincere
Yin 5: gentleman tie have solve favorable have sincere on small man
Yin 6: duke use shoot hawk on high wall its above obtain it noth-
ing not benefit
Hexagram 2:5 • Imperfect ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through small fox dry cross wet its tail no some benefit.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: wet its tail mean
Yang 2: tow the wheel stay favorable
Yin 3: not cross expedition unfavorable benefit cross big river
Yang 4: stay favorable regret vanish shock use fight Guifang three
year have bonus on big country

Yin 5: stay favorable no regret gentleman its light have sincere fa-
vorable
Yang 6: have sincere on drink wine no blame wet the head have
sincere lose true
Hexagram 2:6 • Stranded ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
through stay big man favorable no blame have word not believe
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: buttock stranded on trunk tree enter on seclude valley three
year not see
Yang 2: stranded on wine food red clothes just come benefit use
offering pray expedition unfavorable no blame
Yin 3: stranded on rock stay on puncture vine enter on the palace
not see the wife unfavorable
Yang 4: come slow slow stranded on gold wagon mean have end
Yang 5: cut nose cut feet stranded on red clothes then slow have
release benefit use offering sacrifice
Yin 6: stranded on vine weed on target towering mention act regret
have regret advance favorable
Hexagram 2:7 • Sue ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Have sincere stifle alert middle favorable final unfavorable benefit
see big man not benefit cross big river.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: not ever that thing small have word final favorable

Yang 2: not win sue back and flee the town man three hundred
family no ailment
Yin 3: eat old merit stay danger final favorable or follow king thing
no success
Yang 4: not win sue return then life change peace stay favorable
Yang 5: sue very favorable
Yang 6: sometime present its leather belt dusk morning three de-
prive its
Hexagram 3:Ø • Rising ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through use see big man not worry south expedition favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: allow rising big favorable
Yang 2: sincere then benefit use sacrifice no blame
Yang 3: rising empty town
Yin 4: king use offering on Qi mountain favorable no blame
Yin 5: stay favorable rising stair
Yin 6: dim rising benefit on not rest its stay
Hexagram 3:1 • Bugs ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit cross big river previous first three day back
first three day.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: do father its bug have son father no blame danger end fa-

vorable
Yang 2: do mother its bug not may stay
Yang 3: do father its bug small have regret no big blame
Yin 4: relax father its bug go see mean
Yin 5: do father its bug use fame
Yang 6: not serve king duke high honor the thing
Hexagram 3:2 • Well ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Change town not change well no lose no gain go come well well dry
reach yet not rope well tie the jar unfavorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: well mud not eat old well no bird
Yang 2: well valley shoot carp jar break leak
Yang 3: well leak no eat let I heart sad may use draw king bright
and accept the favor
Yin 4: well tile no blame
Yang 5: well clean cool spring eat
Yin 6: well close not cover have sincere very favorable
Hexagram 3:3 • Yield ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Small through benefit have some go benefit see big man.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: forth back benefit warrior its stay
Yang 2: flexible on bed below use priest magician often like favor-

able no blame
Yang 3: unwilling flexible mean
Yin 4: regret vanish field obtain three kind
Yang 5: stay favorable regret vanish nothing not benefit no begin-
ning have end first seventh three day after seventh three day favorable
Yang 6: flexible on bed below lose the sharp axe stay unfavorable
Hexagram 3:4 • Persistence ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through no blame benefit stay benefit have some go.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: dredge persistence stay unfavorable nothing some benefit
Yang 2: regret vanish
Yang 3: not persistence the virtue or suffer its shame stay mean
Yang 4: field no bird
Yin 5: persistence the virtue stay woman favorable man unfavorable
Yin 6: vibrate persistence unfavorable
Hexagram 3:5 • Cauldron ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very favorable through.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: cauldron reverse toe benefit out denial get concubine and
the son no blame
Yang 2: cauldron have solid I rival have sick not I can reach fa-
vorable

Yang 3: cauldron ear change the move block pheasant meat not
eat just rain diminish regret end favorable
Yang 4: cauldron broke foot cover gentleman meal the shape mess
unfavorable
Yin 5: cauldron yellow ear gold bar benefit stay
Yang 6: cauldron jade stick big favorable nothing not benefit
Hexagram 3:6 • Overburden ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Ridgepole bend benefit have some go through.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: pad use white grass no blame
Yang 2: wither willow produce sprout old man get the woman wife
nothing no benefit
Yang 3: ridgepole bend unfavorable
Yang 4: ridgepole bulge favorable have other mean
Yang 5: wither willow produce flower old lady get the yang man
no blame no fame
Yin 6: over cross submerge top unfavorable no blame
Hexagram 3:7 • Encounter ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Woman strong not use marry woman.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yin 1: tie with metal brake stay favorable have some go see unfa-
vorable meager sow disquiet restless

Yang 2: kitchen have fish no blame not benefit guest

Yang 3: buttocks no skin the walk difficult danger no big blame
Yang 4: kitchen no fish initiate unfavorable
Yang 5: with berry cover melon contain talent have meteorite
from heaven
Yang 6: encounter the corner mean no blame
Hexagram 4:Ø • Return ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through out in no ailment friend come no blame back return the
way seven day come return benefit have some go.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: not far return no harm regret big favorable
Yin 2: rest return favorable
Yin 3: frowning return danger no blame
Yin 4: middle walk along return
Yin 5: urge return no regret
Yin 6: stray return unfavorable have tragedy ailment use walk army
end have big lose with the country king unfavorable until on ten year
not subdue fight
Hexagram 4:1 • Care ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Stay favorable watch care self seek mouth food.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: abandon you divine tortoise look my pile care unfavorable
Yin 2: upset care not way on hill care expedition unfavorable

Yin 3: not care stay unfavorable ten year not use no some benefit
Yin 4: upset care favorable tiger glare see look the desire pursue
pursue no blame
Yin 5: not way reside stay favorable not may cross big river
Yang 6: follow care danger favorable benefit cross big river
Hexagram 4:2 • Prospect ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit stay not use have some go benefit set marquis.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: pace up and down benefit reside stay benefit set marquis
Yin 2: puzzle like turn like ride horse much like not rob marriage
girl stay no marry ten year will marry
Yin 3: chase deer without guide think enter into forest middle gentle-
man close not like abandon go mean
Yin 4: ride horse much like seek marriage go favorable nothing
not benefit
Yang 5: store the grease small stay favorable big stay unfavorable
Yin 6: ride horse much like tear bleeding ripple like
Hexagram 4:3 • Gain ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit have some go benefit cross big river.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: benefit use for big work very favorable no blame
Yin 2: or gain its ten pair its tortoise not overcome violate ever stay
favorable king use ritual on ancestor favorable

Yin 3: gain its use unfavorable thing no blame have sincere middle
walk tell lord use dial
Yin 4: middle walk tell lord follow benefit use for base move country
Yang 5: have sincere favor heart not ask very favorable have sin-
cere favor my virtue
Yang 6: not gain its or hit its stand heart not persistent unfavorable
Hexagram 4:4 • Shock ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through thunder come shock shock cheerful talk ha ha thunder
astonish hundred mile not lose spoon cup.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: thunder come shock shock then cheerful talk ha ha fa-
vorable
Yin 2: thunder come danger million lose shell climb on nine hill
not chase seven day get
Yin 3: thunder scaring scaring thunder walk no ailment
Yang 4: thunder drop mud
Yin 5: thunder go come danger million no lose have thing
Yin 6: thunder frightening frightening see worrying worrying expe-
dition unfavorable thunder not on the own on the neighbor no blame
marriage affiliation have word
Hexagram 4:5 • Bite ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through benefit use prison.

2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: wear fetter damage toe no blame
Yin 2: bite skin damage nose no blame
Yin 3: bite salt meat meet poison small mean no blame
Yang 4: bite dry meat bone get gold arrow benefit difficult stay
favorable
Yin 5: bite dry meat get yellow gold stay danger no blame
Yang 6: carry yoke damage ear unfavorable
Hexagram 4:6 • Follow ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit stay no blame.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: officer have change stay favorable out door interact have
merit
Yin 2: tie small son lose big man
Yin 3: tie big man lose small son follow have pursue gain benefit
reside stay
Yang 4: follow have gain stay unfavorable have sincere in way for
clear why blame
Yang 5: sincere on nice favorable
Yin 6: bond tie its then follow maintain its king use offer on west
mountain
Hexagram 4:7 • Innocence ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit stay the not correct have ailment not benefit

have some go.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: innocence go favorable
Yin 2: not plough harvest not cultivate fertile then benefit have
some go
Yin 3: innocence its calamity or tie its cow walk man its gain town
man its calamity
Yang 4: may stay no blame
Yang 5: innocence its sickness no medicine have happiness
Yang 6: innocence walk have ailment no some benefit
Hexagram 5:Ø • Hurt ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit difficult stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: hurt on fly drop the wing gentleman on walk three day no
eat have some go master have word
Yin 2: hurt hurt on left thigh use save horse strong favorable
Yang 3: hurt on south hunt get the big head not may fast stay
Yin 4: enter on left abdomen obtain hurt its heart on out door hall
Yin 5: Qi Zi its hurt benefit stay
Yin 6: not bright gloomy first climb on heaven then enter into earth
Hexagram 5:1 • Ornament ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through small benefit have some go.

2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: adorn the toe abandon wagon but walk
Yin 2: adorn the beard
Yang 3: ornament like wet like ever stay favorable
Yin 4: ornament like white like white horse like like not robber
marry connect
Yin 5: ornament on hill garden bunch silk pile pile mean end fa-
vorable
Yang 6: white ornament no blame
Hexagram 5:2 • Perfect ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through small benefit stay first favorable end disorder.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: tow the wheel wet the tail no blame
Yin 2: woman lose the curtain not seek seven day get
Yang 3: Gaozong fight Guifang three year conquer its small man
not use
Yin 4: soak have cloth wadding all day vigilance
Yang 5: east neighbor butcher cow not as west neighbor its spring
sacrifice real receive the bless
Yin 6: wet the head danger
Hexagram 5:3 • Matriarch ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit woman stay.

2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: idle have home regret vanish
Yin 2: no some out in middle cook stay favorable
Yang 3: matriarch scold complain regret danger favorable girl boy
tease giggle end mean
Yin 4: rich family big favorable
Yang 5: king come have family not worry favorable
Yang 6: have sincere power like end favorable
Hexagram 5:4 • Totality ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through king visit it no worry proper day middle.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: meet the match host though ten no blame go have nice
Yin 2: full the screen day middle see polestar go get suspect ailment
have sincere open like favorable
Yang 3: full the copious day middle see stars break the right ache
no blame
Yang 4: full the screen day middle see polestar meet the foreign
host favorable
Yin 5: come brilliance have cerebrate fame favorable
Yin 6: full the house screen the home look the family quiet the no
people three year not see unfavorable
Hexagram 5:5 • Brightness ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
benefit stay through raise female cow favorable

2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: step miscellaneous salute its no blame
Yin 2: yellow brightness very favorable
Yang 3: sun set its brightness not drum jar and sing then big old
its sigh unfavorable
Yang 4: sudden as its come as burn as die as abandon as
Yin 5: out tear torrential as worry sigh as favorable
Yang 6: king use out expedition have award break head get other
the kind no blame
Hexagram 5:6 • Change ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Sixth day then sincere very through benefit stay regret vanish.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: tie with yellow ox its leather
Yin 2: sixth day then change its expedition favorable no blame
Yang 3: expedition unfavorable stay danger change word three
compromise have sincere
Yang 4: regret vanish have sincere change life favorable
Yang 5: big man tiger change no divination have sincere
Yin 6: gentleman leopard change small man change face expedition
unfavorable reside stay favorable
Hexagram 5:7 • Coalition ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Alliance on field through benefit cross big river benefit gentleman
stay.

2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: alliance on door no blame
Yin 2: alliance on clan mean
Yang 3: hide troop in bush climb the high hill three year not rise
Yang 4: climb the wall not overcome attack favorable
Yang 5: alliance first scream cry and then smile large army over-
come mutual meet
Yang 6: alliance on rural no regret
Hexagram 6:Ø • Approach ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit stay then on eight month have unfavorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: aware approach stay favorable
Yang 2: aware approach favorable none not benefit
Yin 3: sweet approach none some benefit already worry it no blame
Yin 4: arrive approach no blame
Yin 5: know approach big king its proper favorable
Yin 6: urge approach favorable no blame
Hexagram 6:1 • Loss ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Have sincere very favorable no blame may stay benefit have some
go what its use two basket may use offer.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: finish thing quick go no blame adequate loss its
Yang 2: benefit stay expedition unfavorable not loss gain its

Yin 3: three man walk then loss one man one man walk then get
the friend
Yin 4: lose the ailment let quick have happiness no blame
Yin 5: or gain its ten pair its tortoise not overcome violate very
favorable
Yang 6: not loss gain its no blame stay favorable benefit have some
go get servant no home
Hexagram 6:2 • Limitation ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through bitter limitation not may stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: not out room yard no blame
Yang 2: not out door yard unfavorable
Yin 3: not limitation like then sigh like no blame
Yin 4: peace limitation good
Yang 5: sweet limitation favorable go have nice
Yin 6: bitter limitation stay unfavorable regret vanish
Hexagram 6:3 • Sincerity ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Pig fish favorable benefit cross big river benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: stable favorable have other not peace
Yang 2: sing crane in shade its son echo its I have good goblet I
and you share its

Yin 3: get enemy or drum or quit or tear or sing

Yin 4: moon almost full horse piece vanish no blame
Yang 5: have sincere tie like no blame
Yang 6: pheasant sound soar on sky stay unfavorable
Hexagram 6:4 • Marry ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Expedition unfavorable none some benefit.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: marry as concubine lime can walk expedition favorable
Yang 2: single eye can see benefit seclude man its stay
Yin 3: marry as need reverse marry as concubine
Yang 4: marry over date delay marry have time
Yin 5: emperor I Ching marry sister the lady its garment not like
the concubine its garment good moon almost full favorable
Yin 6: woman hold basket without fruit man slay sheep without
blood not some benefit
Hexagram 6:5 • Stare ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Small thing favorable.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: regret vanish lose horse not chase self return see wicked
man no blame
Yang 2: meet master on street no blame
Yin 3: see wagon tow the ox tug the man cut hair and nose no be-

gin have end

Yang 4: stare lonely meet big person deal sincere danger no blame
Yin 5: regret vanish the clan bite skin go why blame
Yang 6: stare lonely see pig back dirty carry ghost one wagon first
open its bow late lose its bow not robber wooer go meet rain then fa-
vorable
Hexagram 6:6 • Pleasure ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: peace pleasure favorable
Yang 2: sincere pleasure favorable regret vanish
Yin 3: come pleasure unfavorable
Yang 4: trade pleasure no peace solve ailment have happy
Yang 5: sincere on exploitation have danger
Yin 6: pull pleasure
Hexagram 6:7 • Treading ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Treading tiger tail not eat man through.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: simple treading go no blame
Yang 2: treading way flat flat seclude man stay favorable
Yin 3: single eye can see lame can treading treading tiger tail eat
man unfavorable audacious man deal on big lord

Yang 4: treading tiger tail scare scare end favorable

Yang 5: menace treading stay danger
Yang 6: see treading examine detail the turn very favorable
Hexagram 7:Ø • Peace ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Small go big come favorable through.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: pull reed grass by the kind expedition favorable
Yang 2: calabash use cross river not far lose pair vanish get nice
on half way
Yang 3: no plain not slope no go not return difficult stay no blame
not worry the sincere on food have happiness
Yin 4: fly lightly not rich by the neighbor not alert by sincere
Yin 5: emperor I Ching marry sister by happiness very favorable
Yin 6: wall collapse on moat not use army from city tell life stay mean
Hexagram 7:1 • Build Up ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Beneficial stay not home eat favorable benefit cross big river.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: have danger benefit halt
Yang 2: wagon lose axle
Yang 3: fine horse chase benefit difficult stay day Sophisticate wagon
defense benefit have some go
Yin 4: baby calf its headboard very favorable

Yin 5: geld boar its tusks favorable

Yang 6: how heaven its way through
Hexagram 7:2 • Expectation ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Have sincere light through stay favorable benefit cross big river.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: expectation on suburb benefit use persist no blame
Yang 2: expectation on sand small have word end favorable
Yang 3: expectation on mud cause robber come
Yin 4: expectation on blood out from pitfall
Yang 5: expectation on wine food stay favorable
Yin 6: enter on pitfall have not fast its guest three man come cour-
teous its end favorable
Hexagram 7:3 • Accumulation ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Through dense cloud not rain from I west suburb.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: return own way why the blame favorable
Yang 2: tow return favorable
Yang 3: wagon lose spoke husband wife oppose eye
Yin 4: have sincere blood go vigilance out no blame
Yang 5: have sincere together like rich by the neighbor
Yang 6: already rain already stop nice moral carry woman stay
danger moon almost full gentleman expedition unfavorable

Hexagram 7:4 • Reckless ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: strong on toe expedition unfavorable have sincere
Yang 2: stay favorable
Yang 3: small man use strong gentleman use not stay danger ram
sheep butt fence entangle the horn
Yang 4: stay favorable regret vanish fence breach not entangle
strong on big wagon its axle
Yin 5: lose sheep on I Ching no regret
Yin 6: ram sheep butt fence not can retreat not can advance no
some benefit difficult then favorable
Hexagram 7:5 • Acquisition ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: no interact harm not blame difficult then no blame
Yang 2: big wagon by carry have some go no blame
Yang 3: lord use offering on heaven son small man not overcome
Yang 4: not the many no blame
Yin 5: the sincere interact like power like favorable
Yang 6: from heaven bless it favorable none not benefit

Hexagram 7:6 • Menace ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Publicize on king court sincere call have danger tell own town no
benefit on fight benefit have some go.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: strong on front toe go no win for blame
Yang 2: vigilance call evening night have fight not worry
Yang 3: strong on cheek have unfavorable gentleman menace men-
ace alone walk meet rain like wet have angry no blame
Yang 4: buttocks no skin the walk difficult pull goat regret vanish
hear word not believe
Yang 5: amaranth land menace menace middle walk no blame
Yin 6: no call end have unfavorable
Hexagram 7:7 • Heaven ( )
1 GENERAL TEXT
Very through benefit stay.
2 TEXTS OF LINES
Yang 1: hide dragon not use
Yang 2: see dragon on field benefit see big man
Yang 3: gentleman end day heaven heaven night vigilance like
danger no blame
Yang 4: or jump on abyss no blame
Yang 5: fly dragon on sky benefit see big man
Yang 6: arrogant dragon have regret
Use Yang: see flock dragon no first favorable

APPENDIX 2
UNDERSTANDING BINARY NUMBERS
The number system we normally use is the decimal system, where
9 is the largest numeral. The binary number system is similar to the
decimal number system, but instead of ten figures, Ø through 9, it uses
only two figures: Ø and 1. In the decimal number system, if you add 1
to 9, the result is 1Ø:
9 + 1 = 1Ø (Decimal)
In binary number system, 1 is the largest figure. If you add 1 to 1, the

result is 1Ø:
1 + 1 = 1Ø (Binary)
Below is a sequence of four binary numbers increasing by the addition

of 1, corresponding to the decimal numbers Ø through 3:
You can keep going indefinitely in this sequence, adding one each
time, as you can see by the binary representations of the decimal num-
bers 4 through 7:

Understanding Binary Numbers 445
These eight binary numbers can be used to represent the eight trigrams.
The corresponding decimal numbers are used for the ID numbers of the
trigrams. If you know the ID number of a trigram, you can figure out
its shape without having to consult a chart. For example, if you want to
know the shape of trigrams 6, the corresponding binary number is 11Ø.
When you use 1 to represent a yang line and Ø to indicate a yin line,
and you draw them from bottom to top -- 1,1,Ø yielding yang, yang,
yin -- your result is the trigram , Lake.
You can use this method to recognize a hexagram from its ID num-
ber, as well. A hexagram consists of two trigrams. Its ID number is the
combination of the ID numbers of the two component trigrams. From
example, if you know the ID number of a hexagram is 6:3, as you fig-
ured out above, its subject trigram is trigram 6, . The binary number
corresponding to 3 is 11, which you can render as Ø11 to provide the
required number of lines. Using the same method, you represent these
numerals as lines -- Ø,1,1 equals yin, yang, yang -- and your result is
trigram 3, , Wind, the object trigram. When you put the object tri-
gram on top of the subject trigram, you get , which is hexagram 6:3.
Why is it useful to learn the binary number system to identify trigrams

and hexagrams? This will dramatically increase your familiarity with the
64 possible configurations, so that you do not have to stop and look up
each trigram and hexagram when you are working with I Ching.

Index
Symbols Carol • 15
Cathy • 51, 60, 63, 80, 81, 84
64 Hexagrams • 9, 70 Caught by police • 7
Cauldron • 66, 93, 94, 243, 426
A Central Lines • 78
CEO • 5
Accumulation • 17, 67, 375, 441 Challenger • 3
Acquisition • 67, 94, 384, 442 Champion • 5
Action • 51 Change • i, 60, 67, 84, 319, 435
Adventure • 3 Change in Reality • 45
Adversity • 66, 212 Change of Yin and Yang • 41
Advertising • 5 Chinese calendar • 43
AFR • 35, 53 Chinese classics • ii
Alzheimer’s disease • 96 Chinese New Year • 43
Angry • 3 Chinese philosophy • 15
Approach • 67, 102, 328, 436 Closeness • 66, 120, 413
Army • 66, 184, 420 Coalition • 67, 89, 90, 92, 323, 435
Attitude • 56 Communicate with others • 7
Autumn • 44 Complementary Lines • 76, 77
Confucius • ii
B Consequential Hexagram • 84
Contract or agreement • 6
Bankrupt • 7 Correct decision • 6
Beautiful • 4 Country Shang • 219
Binary • 444 Country Zhou • 203, 210, 219, 225
Binary Numbers • 68, 444 Creator • 3
Bite • 67, 279, 430 Cycle of a week • 259
Boastful • 4
Bob • 31
Bottom lines • 52
D
Brightness • 67, 314, 434 Dangerous situation • 6
Broken line • 2 Dating • 3
Bugs • 66, 226, 424 Debts • 7
Build Up • 67, 366, 440 Decimal • 444
Business • 4, 6 Delight • 66, 130, 414
Denial • 66, 74, 86, 87, 90, 143, 415
C Deprivation • 66, 116, 412
Dictator • 7
Care • 67, 263, 428 Divorce • 7, 258
Carl • 25 Domineering • 5

INDEX 447
Dragon • 115, 394 Gui Cang Yi • ii

Duke Hai • 174 Guifang • 210
Duke Mianchen • 174
H
E Handsome • 4
Earth • 2, 7, 28, 38, 49, 66, 90, 96, 110, Hard work • 5
184, 222, 292, 361, 412 Harmony • 31
Eight Images • 38 Harry • 35, 45, 53, 58, 93
Eight special hexagrams • 72 Healthy • 4
Eight Trigrams • 2, 16, 35, 39, 40, 43, Heaven • 2, 4, 37, 47, 60, 67, 70, 91,
46, 52 217, 253, 287, 323, 356, 361, 366, 370,
Emperor Shangzhou • 210, 219 375, 379, 384, 389, 393, 443
Emperor Yi • 365 Heng • 174
Employee • 4 Hexagram • 445
Encounter • 66, 253, 427 Hexagram (about) • 17, 66, 67
Ending a relationship • 8 Hexagram Array • 70, 108
Enjoyable • 66, 75, 175, 419 Hexagrams
Enjoying peace • 7 Hexagram 1:1 • 152
Equinox • 44 Hexagram 1:2 • 156
Expectation • 67, 370, 441 Hexagram 1:3 • 23, 160
Hexagram 1:4 • 165
F Hexagram 1:5 • 170
Facing a bad market • 6 Hexagram 1:6 • 72, 74, 175
Fashionable • 4 Hexagram 1:7 • 179
Favorable Change • 85 Hexagram 1:Ø • 148
Fire • 2, 4, 36, 46, 90, 93, 208, 243, Hexagram 2:1 • 8, 189
279, 292, 297, 301, 305, 310, 314, 319, Hexagram 2:2 • 194
323, 348, 384 Hexagram 2:3 • 198
Flee • 66, 179, 419 Hexagram 2:4 • 203
Flood • 17, 66, 198, 421 Hexagram 2:5 • 72, 73, 78, 85, 86,
Follow • 67, 283, 431 94, 207
Freedom • 6 Hexagram 2:6 • 62, 94, 212
Full moon • 43 Hexagram 2:7 • 216
Fuxi • 35 Hexagram 2:Ø • 96, 97, 98, 102,
104, 184
G Hexagram 3:1 • 226
Gain • 17, 67, 75, 86, 89, 91, 271, 429 Hexagram 3:2 • 63, 230
Gary • 96, 98 Hexagram 3:3 • 234
Gathering • 66, 138, 415 Hexagram 3:4 • 23, 24, 72, 75, 239
General Text • 97 Hexagram 3:5 • 93, 94, 243
George • 51, 59, 64, 80, 81, 84 Hexagram 3:6 • 94, 248
Gradual • 17, 66, 160, 417 Hexagram 3:7 • 253
Great success • 5 Hexagram 3:Ø • 103, 222
Guà • 35 Hexagram 4:1 • 263
Guī • 35 Hexagram 4:2 • 267

Hexagram 4:3 • 17, 18, 72, 75, 86,

89, 91, 92, 271 I
Hexagram 4:4 • 275 I Ching • i, ii
Hexagram 4:5 • 279 ID Numbers • 445
Hexagram 4:6 • 69, 109, 283 ID Numbers (about) • 16, 42, 63, 67,
Hexagram 4:7 • 64, 80, 84, 85, 86, 72
87, 88, 92, 287 Ignorance • 8, 10, 66, 189, 420
Hexagram 4:Ø • 258 Illness • 102
Hexagram 5:1 • 297 Imperfect • 66, 73, 85, 94, 207, 422
Innocence • 64, 65, 67, 80, 84, 287,
Hexagram 5:2 • 72, 73, 77, 78, 84,
431
85, 86, 89, 301
Inventor • 4
Hexagram 5:3 • 91, 92, 305 Isolate yourself • 7
Hexagram 5:6 • 319 K
Hexagram 5:7 • 88, 90, 92, 323 Karen • 1, 8, 9, 12
Hexagram 5:Ø • 292 King Cheng Tang • 124
Hexagram 6:1 • 72, 74, 332 King Wen • 68, 157, 203, 210, 219,
Hexagram 6:2 • 62, 63, 336 225, 365
Hexagram 6:3 • 23, 340 Kun • 28
Hexagram 6:4 • 68, 69, 109, 344
Hexagram 6:5 • 348 L
Hexagram 6:6 • 353 Lake • 2, 4, 37, 46, 62, 90, 212, 248,
Hexagram 6:7 • 88, 90, 356 283, 319, 328, 332, 336, 340, 344, 348,
Hexagram 6:Ø • 102, 328 353, 356, 389, 445
Hexagram 7:1 • 366 Lame • 66, 156, 417
Hexagram 7:2 • 370 Lian Shan Yi • ii
Hexagram 7:3 • 375 Limitation • 67, 336, 437
Hexagram 7:4 • 64, 65, 81, 379 Linda • 25
Hexagram 7:5 • 94, 384 Losing money • 6
Hexagram 7:6 • 388 Loss • 67, 75, 332, 436
Hexagram 7:7 • 28, 70, 393
Hexagram 7:Ø • 72, 74, 103, 361 M
Hexagram Ø:1 • 116 Macy • 20
Hexagram Ø:2 • 120 Manager • 5
Hexagram Ø:3 • 125 Manipulate • 5
Hexagram Ø:4 • 130 Marriage • 1
Hexagram Ø:5 • 134 Marry • 67, 344, 438
Hexagram Ø:6 • 138 Mathematical system • 67
Hexagram Ø:7 • 72, 74, 86, 87, 90, Matriarch • 17, 67, 91, 305, 433
143 Menace • 67, 388, 443
Hexagram Ø:Ø • 28, 70, 110 Middle Lines • 53, 54
Holding power • 5 Modest • 66, 148, 416
Hurt • 67, 292, 432 Monopoly • 5
Moon • 43

INDEX 449
Mountain • 2, 6, 38, 48, 58, 148, 165, Right Strategy • 93

175, 189, 226, 263, 297, 332, 366 Rising • 66, 103, 222, 424
Mount Qi • 225 Ronald • 1, 9
Rule of Harmony • 31
N
Natural Change • 89
S
Natural Complements • 26 Seasonal Change • 45
Negotiate • 7 Seasonal Cycle • 43
New business • 3 Seasons • 43
Numerals • 445 Selecting Trigram • 49
Nurturing • 7 Senior • 7
Sexy • 4
O Shang dynasty • 365
Shao Yong • 39, 68
Object Trigram • 62 Shock • 67, 275, 430
Octal number • 68 Sick • 6
Offensive action • 3 Sincerity • 17, 67, 340, 437
Oracle • 121 Society • 7
Ornament • 67, 297, 432 Solid line • 2
Overburden • 66, 248, 427 Solstice • 44
Solution • 66, 203, 422
P Spring • 44
Stare • 67, 348, 438
Peace • 67, 74, 361, 440 Stop • 66, 152, 416
Peacemaker • 32, 71, 72, 73, 85 Stranded • 423
Peace of mind • 4 Stubborn • 7
Perfect • 67, 73, 84, 89, 301, 433 Subject Trigram • 62
Persistence • 24, 66, 76, 239, 426 Successful • 4
Phyllis • 31 Successful Marriage • 1
Pitfall • 66, 194, 421 Sue • 66, 216, 423
Pleasure • 67, 353, 439 Suffering loss • 6
Possible Changes • 102 Summer • 44
Powerful • 5 Sundial • 35
Primitive Sundial • 35 Sunzi • 32
Promotion • 66, 134, 414 Supervisor • 5
Prospect • 67, 267, 429
T
R Taiji • 39, 40
Reality • 59 Teacher • 5
Reckless • 65, 67, 379, 442 Teenager • 4
Relationship • 4, 6, 7, 258 Texts of Lines • 99
Relationship • 80 The Art of War • 32
Retired • 7 Thunder • 2, 3, 36, 60, 87, 90, 203,
Return • 67, 258, 428 239, 258, 263, 267, 271, 275, 279, 283,
Rich • 4 287, 310, 344, 379
Right or wrong • 5 Title • 96

Tolerance • 66, 165, 418 Unknown market • 7

Top Line • 56 Unknown place • 7
Totality • 67, 310, 434 Unrealized potential • 7
Travel • 66, 170, 418 Use others • 5
Treading • 67, 88, 356, 439 Use Yang • 397
Trigram (about) • 16, 35, 39, 445 Use Yin • 115
Trigram Row • 41
Trigrams
Trigram 1 • 8, 43, 45, 48, 49, 54, 55,
V
58, 74, 116, 148, 156, 160, 165, 170, Verbatim Translation • 104
175, 179, 189, 226, 263, 332, 366 Vicki • 15, 20
Trigram 2 • 8, 43, 45, 48, 49, 54, 55,
59, 62, 63, 69, 73, 96, 109, 120, 156, W
184, 189, 198, 203, 208, 212, 216, Waiting for a chance • 7
230, 267, 301, 336, 370 Watching • 17, 66, 125, 413
Trigram 3 • 15, 16, 17, 23, 43, 45, Water • 2, 6, 38, 48, 62, 94, 96, 184,
50, 54, 55, 63, 75, 91, 92, 93, 94, 189, 194, 198, 203, 208, 212, 216, 230,
125, 160, 198, 222, 226, 230, 239, 267, 301, 336, 370
243, 248, 253, 271, 305, 340, 375 Well • 66, 230, 425
Trigram 4 • 3, 16, 17, 23, 42, 43, Wind • 2, 5, 37, 47, 91, 94, 160, 198,
45, 49, 54, 55, 59, 60, 69, 75, 87, 90, 222, 226, 230, 235, 239, 243, 248, 253,
109, 130, 165, 203, 239, 258, 263, 271, 305, 340, 375
267, 271, 279, 283, 287, 310, 344, Winter • 44
379
Trigram 5 • 43, 45, 54, 55, 58, 70, Y
73, 90, 93, 109, 134, 170, 208, 243, Yang (about) • 25
279, 292, 297, 301, 305, 310, 319, Yellow Emperor • 43
323, 348, 384 Yield • 17, 66, 234
Trigram 6 • 43, 45, 54, 55, 59, 62, Yin (about) • 25
69, 74, 90, 94, 109, 138, 175, 212, Yin and Yang (about) • 25, 27, 31
248, 283, 319, 328, 332, 336, 340, Yi text • 18
344, 348, 356, 389
Trigram 7 • 28, 43, 45, 54, 55, 58, Z
60, 74, 91, 92, 94, 143, 179, 216,
Zhou Li • ii
253, 287, 323, 356, 361, 366, 370,
Zhou Yi (about) • ii, 68, 69, 109
375, 379, 384, 389
Trigram Ø • 28, 43, 45, 49, 54, 55,
59, 74, 90, 92, 96, 110, 115, 116,
120, 125, 130, 134, 138, 143, 148,
184, 222, 258, 292, 328, 361
Trigrams in Reality • 59
U
Unknown country • 7
Unknown group • 7

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Every thing in the world holds yang and caries

yin. Yin and yang interact with each other to

All rights reserved.

Author : Dejun Xue (薛德钧)

Chinese Ink Artwork:

616 Corporate Way, Suite 2-4933

New York • Tokyo • Paris • Hong Kong

This book is composed of two parts:

i • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Origin and interpretations

I Ching was created 6,500 years ago. As stated in Zhou

Around 500 BC, Confucius and his disciples

Based on fifty years’ experience in science and research

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • ii

ORIGIN AND INTERPRETATIONS OF I CHING ii

PART ONE xii

INTRODUCTION TO I CHING xii

CHAPTER 1: ENJOY SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE 1

CHAPTER 3: YIN AND YANG 25

iii • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

3 Definition of Yin and Yang 27

1 Bottom Line: Action 51

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • iv

CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF HEXAGRAMS 71

PART II: COMMENTARY ON I CHING TEXT 107

CHAPTER 10: WHEN EARTH ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 110

v • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

3 Hexagram Ø:2 Closeness (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 8) 120

CHAPTER 11: WHEN MOUNTAIN ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 148

CHAPTER 12: WHEN WATER ( ) IS THE SUBJECT  184

CHAPTER 13: WHEN WIND ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 222

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • vi

4 Hexagram 3:3 Yield (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 57)  234

CHAPTER 14: WHEN THUNDER ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 258

CHAPTER 15: WHEN FIRE ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 292

CHAPTER 16: WHEN LAKE ( ) IS THE SUBJECT  328

vii • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

5 Hexagram 6:4 Marry (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 54) 344

CHAPTER 17: WHEN HEAVEN ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 361

VERBATIM TRANSLATION OF I CHING TEXT 412

Hexagram Ø:Ø • Earth ( ) 412

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • viii

Hexagram 1:4 • Tolerance ( ) 418

ix • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Hexagram 5:2 • Perfect ( ) 433

UNDERSTANDING BINARY NUMBERS 444

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • x

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 14

Figure 1.1: Eight Trigrams

15 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 16

17 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 18

• cleaning up after a party as the guests are leaving

19 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

• were retired, finished working

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 20

2 Subject and Object

Figure 1.2: Hexagram 2:1, Ignorance

i • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • ii

ORIGIN AND INTERPRETATIONS OF I CHING ii

PART ONE xii

INTRODUCTION TO I CHING xii

CHAPTER 1: ENJOY SUCCESSFUL MARRIAGE 1

CHAPTER 3: YIN AND YANG 25

iii • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

3 Definition of Yin and Yang 27

1 Bottom Line: Action 51

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • iv

CHAPTER 7: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE OF HEXAGRAMS 71

PART II: COMMENTARY ON I CHING TEXT 107

CHAPTER 10: WHEN EARTH ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 110

v • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

3 Hexagram Ø:2 Closeness (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 8) 120

CHAPTER 11: WHEN MOUNTAIN ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 148

CHAPTER 12: WHEN WATER ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 184

CHAPTER 13: WHEN WIND ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 222

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • vi

4 Hexagram 3:3 Yield (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 57) 234

CHAPTER 14: WHEN THUNDER ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 258

CHAPTER 15: WHEN FIRE ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 292

CHAPTER 16: WHEN LAKE ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 328

vii • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

5 Hexagram 6:4 Marry (In Zhou Yi, hexagram 54) 344

CHAPTER 17: WHEN HEAVEN ( ) IS THE SUBJECT 361

VERBATIM TRANSLATION OF I CHING TEXT 412

Hexagram Ø:Ø • Earth ( ) 412

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • viii

Hexagram 1:4 • Tolerance ( ) 418

ix • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Hexagram 5:2 • Perfect ( ) 433

UNDERSTANDING BINARY NUMBERS 444

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • x

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 14

15 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 16

17 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 18

19 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 20

21 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 22

23 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 24

25 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 26

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 28

29 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 30

31 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 32

33 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 34

35 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 36

37 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 38

39 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 40

41 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 42

43 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 44

45 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 46

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 48

49 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 50

51 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 52

53 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue

Discovery Publisher THE POWER OF I CHING • 54

55 • THE POWER OF I CHING Dejun Xue