"The Feasibility of Computer Printer Ink out of Annatto (Bixa Orellana) seeds"

Table of Contents

Title.................................................................................................................................1

Table of Contents.........................................................................................................2

Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................3

Chapter I: Introduction

A. Background of the Study.......................................................................................4

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B. Review of Related Literature................................................................................4-5

C. Statement of the Problem.....................................................................................5-6

D. Research Objectives.............................................................................................6

E. Research Hypotheses...........................................................................................6

F. Significance of the Study.......................................................................................7

G. Scope and Limitation............................................................................................7

H. Definition of Terms................................................................................................7

I. Research Design....................................................................................................8

Chapter II: Methodology

A. Materials/ Equipment...........................................................................................9

B. Procedures ...........................................................................................................9

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In the appreciation to the full support in the completion of this investigatory project
entitled:

"The Feasibility of Computer Printer Ink out of Annatto (Bixa Orellana) seeds.The
researchers want to express their deepest gratitude and warmest appreciation to the
following people who helped and contributed much for the overall success of the
project.

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To Mrs. Laarni M. Ewitan, the Research Adviser, for helping the researchers in writing
the write up and the whole written work; to the researchers' family and friends for
lending some materials and sharing ideas about the project.

Above all, the researchers would like to express their thanks to Almighty God for giving
the courage, guidance and protection to complete this investigatory project.

The researchers,

Arnel Patao

Kristel May Galos

Angeleine Teodoro

Chapter I

Introduction

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A. Background of the Study

Annatto tree is usually found on gardens or backyards. People usually cut them off because it's not nice
to are these in a garden.

Past studies, the Annatto seeds can also be used as food coloring for food. The
researchers has found out that these Annatto seeds are still have many purposes. So
the researchers conducted a study to reveal the undiscovered purposes of the Annatto
seeds.

Nowadays, we have different issues and problems when it comes to project. Some of
the problems are the ink , people especially the students want that their project is easier
to do. There arevlots of commercial ink that we can buy on stores. However, these inks
are more expensive and it is not affordable.

This study entitles, "The Feasibility of Computer Printer Ink out of Annatto (Bixa
Orellana) seeds" aims an alternative ink for printers without buying expensive
commercial inks.

B. Review of Related Literature

Annatto is an orange-red condiment and food coloring derived from the seeds of the
achiote tree (Bixa orellana). It is often used to impart a yellow or orange color to foods,
but sometimes also for its flavor and aroma. Its scent is described as "slightly peppery
with a hint of nutmeg" and flavor as "slightly nutty, sweet and peppery.The color of
annatto comes from various carotenoid pigments, mainly bixin and norbixin, found in the
reddish waxy coating of the seeds. The condiment is typically prepared by grinding the
seeds to a powder or paste. Similar effects can be obtained by extracting some of the
color and flavor principles from the seeds with hot water, oil, or lard, which are then
added to the food.

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The annatto tree B. orellana is believed to originate from Brazil.It was probably not
initially used as a food additive, but for other purposes such as ritual and decorative
body painting (still an important tradition in many Brazilian native tribes), sunscreen, and
insect repellent, and for medical purposes.It was used for Mexican manuscript painting
in the 16th century.It is also called by local names such as achiote, bija, roucou (Peru,
French Guyana), koesoewe or kusuwe (Suriname), onoto (Venezuela), atsuete
(Philippines), or urucum and colorau (Brazil).Its use has spread in historic times to other
parts of the world, and it was incorporated in local culinary traditions of many countries
outside the Americas.

The yellow to orange color is produced by the chemical compounds bixin and norbixin,
which are classified as carotenoids. The fat-soluble color in the crude extract is called
bixin, which can then be saponified into water-soluble norbixin. This dual solubility
property of annatto is rare for carotenoids.The seeds contain 4.5–5.5% pigment, which
consists of 70–80% bixin.Unlike beta-carotene, another well-known carotenoid, annatto-
based pigments are not vitamin A precursors. The more norbixin in an annatto color, the
more yellow it is; a higher level of bixin gives it a more orange shade.

C. Statement of the Problem

This research entitled "The Feasibility of Computer Printer Ink out of Annatto (Bixa
Orellana) seeds" seek to answer the following questions:

1. Is Annatto (Bixa Orellana) seeds feasible as an alternative computer printer ink?

2. Is there a significant difference between tha Annatto seeds computer printer ink
and the commercialized one in terms of:

a. Absorptive

b. Hue

3. What is the quality of Annatto seeds in terms of:

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 a. Color

D. Research Objectives

 General Objectives
The study conducted by the researchers focuses on the feasibility of the Annatto
seeds as a component for the ink, and cost as an alternative source of ink
production.
 Specific Objectives
This study also aims to promote the use of natural materials as the main material
in the production of ink in the society. It also aims to introduce a new valuable
use of the materials manipulated in the study.

E. Research Hypotheses

1. Annatto (Bixa Orellana) seeds is not feasible as an alternative computer printer

2. There is no significant difference between the Annatto seeds computer printer ink
and the commercialized one in terms of:

a. Absorptive

b. Hue

3. The quality of Annatto seeds is not feasible in terms of:

a. Color

F. Significance of the Study

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This study "The Feasibility of Computer Printer Ink out of Annatto (Bixa Orellana)
seeds" was conducted to have an alternative ink for their printer. It has a great help to
the students especially if they have many Annatto tree grown in their yards, they can
make an alternative ink from it. It has also a great help for those who have a garden and
who are always cutting off the Annatto tree grown on it, they can make an alternative ink
for their printer. And also the researchers who will conduct the same study, they may
use the findings as their basis for better research.

G. Scope and Limitation

This study was conducted to determine the feasibility of computer printer ink out of
Annatto (Bixa Orellana) seeds. This was conducted at Candon National high School. It
was only experimented by the researchers and the materials/equipments used are
available and found in the environment.

H. Definition of Terms

Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to
produce an image, text or design. Hue is one of the main properties (called color
appearance parameters). Affordable is to be able to so something without having
problems or being seriously harmed. Expensive is costing a lot of money. Alternative
is offering or expressing a choice. Absorption is the ability of ink to update into the
fibers of the paper.

I. Research Design

Theoretical Framework

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Conceptual Framework

Chapter II

METHODOLOGY

A. Materials/Equipments

In conducting this experiment the researchers used the following materials: 100 grams
of Annatto seeds, 100ml of alcohol, salt, vinegar and ink container/cartilage. Container
where you will put those three main ingredients. Stick, used to mix the liquid. Plastic
bottle, where you will put the strained material. Paper filters, used to separate the solid
materials and liquid. And weighing scale, used to weigh the Annatto seeds.

B. Procedures

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In making computer printer ink out of Annatto seeds, we must follow the procedures:
first, ready the Annatto seeds, alcohol, salt, and vinegar. After which, put 100ml of
alcohol in the container that contains Annatto seeds. Get the extract after an hour.
Then, transfer the extract into another container using paper filters. Remove the small
particles and other residue. Next put the salt and vinegar in the extracted annatto
seeds. Mix it using an stick and last, put it inside the ink container/cartilage.

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