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Class XI - Technical Drawing & Perspective

The document provides an overview of technical drawing and perspective for a design and innovation course. It covers topics like isometric drawing, orthographic drawing, first and third angle projection, and perspective drawing techniques including horizon, vanishing point, orthogonal lines, and vantage point. Examples of applying these techniques to draw objects, buildings and scenery are also included.

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Nikita
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89 views4 pages

Class XI - Technical Drawing & Perspective

The document provides an overview of technical drawing and perspective for a design and innovation course. It covers topics like isometric drawing, orthographic drawing, first and third angle projection, and perspective drawing techniques including horizon, vanishing point, orthogonal lines, and vantage point. Examples of applying these techniques to draw objects, buildings and scenery are also included.

Uploaded by

Nikita
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Class XI- Design & Innovation

Course content

Technical Drawing & Perspective

I. Technical Drawing

One of the best ways to communicate one's ideas is through some form of picture or drawing. This is especially true if a
designer has to communicate his/her concept to the engineer or to a vendor manufacturing the product. This should give
you the basics of engineering sketching and drawing.

Isometric drawing: It is a method of drawing that is used to


depict 3D objects in 2D with their absolute dimensions.
In an isometric drawing, the object's vertical lines are drawn
vertically, and the horizontal lines in the width and depth
planes are shown at 30 degrees to the horizontal.
If the isometric drawing can show all details and all dimensions
on one drawing, it is ideal. One can pack a great deal of
information into an isometric drawing.

Orthographic drawing: An orthographic projection is a


parallel projection technique in which parallel lines of sight are
perpendicular to the projection plane..
Usually a front, side and plan view are drawn so that a person
looking at the drawing can see all the important sides.

The top view is also called plan view and the front view, elevation.

First and third angle projection:


In First Angle Projection we place our object in the First Quadrant
(see above figure). This means that the Vertical Plane is behind the
object and the Horizontal Plane is underneath the object.
In Third Angle Projection the Object is placed in the Third Quadrant.

1st angle: used in Europe & India & 3rd angle: used in USA

How to construct an isometric grid


Create two inverted peace
symbols encased in a hexagon)
Examples of objects drawn in an isometric grid

II. Perspective

It is a drawing technique used to shows how things appear to get smaller as they get further away
(foreshortening). A mathematical system for representing three-dimensional objects and space on a two-
dimensional surface by means of intersecting lines that are drawn vertically and horizontally and that radiate
from one or more point(s) on a horizon line.
Few terms to remember are:

1. Horizon: The horizon is the line for which the sky meets
the land or water below.
The height of the horizon will affect the placement of the
vanishing point(s) as well as the scene’s eye level.

2. Vanishing point: The vanishing point is the place where


parallel lines appear to come together in the distance.
For example, you can see how the parallel lines of the road recede
and visually merge to create a single vanishing point on the horizon.
A scene can have a limitless number of vanishing points.

3. Ground plane: The ground plane is the horizontal surface


below the horizon.
It could be land or water. If the surface is sloped or hilly,
the vanishing point–created by the path’s parallel lines–
may not rest on the horizon and may appear as if it’s on an inclined plane.

4. Orthogonal lines: The orthogonal lines are lines which are


directed to a vanishing point;
the parallel lines of railroad tracks, for example. The word “orthogonal”
actually means right angle. It refers to right angles formed by lines
such as the corner of a cube shown in perspective.

5. Vantage point: is the place from which a scene is viewed.


The vantage point should not be confused with the vanishing point,
The vantage point is affected by the placement of the
horizon and the vanishing points.
Visible orthogonal lines in one of Van Gogh’s painting.

A camera drawn in 2pt. perspective


Example of the application of perspective in scenery sketching

A cube drawn as seen from different angles in 2 point perspective

Different parts of a perspective sketch

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