Research Instruments

Reading Comprehension Instrument

Nama:……………….

Kelas:……………….

Read the text and answer the question!

1. Text 1
Recycle

Recycling is a collection, processing, and reuse of materials that would otherwise be

thrown away. Materials ranging from precious metals to broken glass, from old
newspapers to plastic spoons, can be recycled. The recycling process reclaims the
original material and uses it in new products.

In general, using recycled materials to make new products costs less and requires less
energy than using new materials. Recycling can also reduce pollution, either by reducing
the demand for high-pollution alternatives or by minimizing the amount of pollution
produced during the manufacturing process.

Paper products that can be recycled include cardboard containers, wrapping paper, and
office paper. The most commonly recycled paper product is newsprint. In newspaper
recycling, old newspapers are collected and searched for contaminants such as plastic
bags and aluminum foil. The paper goes to a processing plant where it is mixed with hot
water and turned into pulp in a machine that works much like a big kitchen blender. The
pulp is screened and filtered to remove smaller contaminants. The pulp then goes to a
large vat where the ink separates from the paper fibers and fl oats to the surface. The ink
is skimmed off, dried and reused as ink or burned as boiler fuel. The cleaned pulp is
mixed with new wood fibers to be made into paper again.

Experts estimate the average office worker generates about 5 kg of wastepaper per month.
Every ton of paper that is recycled saves about 1.4 cu m (about 50 cu ft) of landfill space.
One ton of recycled paper saves 17 pulpwood trees (trees used to produce paper).

1. The following things can be recycled, EXCEPT....

A. Precious metals
 B. Broken glass
C. Old newspapers
D. Plastic spoons
E. Fresh vegetables and fruits

2. Which of the following is NOT the benefit of recycling?

A. It costs much money for the process of recycling
B. It costs less to make new products
C. It requires less energy
D. It can reduce pollution
E. It reduces the demand for high-pollution alternatives

3. What is the third step of recycling paper products?

A. Collect and search for contaminants such as plastic bags and aluminium foil
B. Mix the paper with hot water in a blender which turns it into pulp
C. Screen and filter the pulp to remove smaller contaminants
D. Put the pulp to a large vat to separate the ink from the paper fibres
E. Mix the pulp with new wood fibres to be made into paper again

4. We can make use of the ink after being separated from the paper fibres by doing the
followings, EXCEPT....
A. Skim it off
B. Dry it
C. Reuse as ink
D. Burn as boiler fuel
E. Mix it with the pulp

2. Text 2

Nama:……………….

Kelas:……………….

Natural Disaster

A natural disaster is a terrible accident, e.g. a great flood , a big fire, or an earthquake. It
usually causes great suffering and loss of a large sum of money. The causalities are
injured or died. Some people are homeless and need medical care.
Floods occur when the water of rivers, lakes, or stream overflow their banks and pour out
into the surrounding land. Floods are caused by many different things. Often heavy
rainstorms that last for a brief time can cause a flood. But not all heavy storms are
followed by flooding. If the surrounding land is fl at and can absorb the water, no
flooding will occur. If, however, the land is hard and rocky, heavy rain cannot be
absorbed. Where the banks are low, a river may overflow and flood adjacent lowland.

In many parts of the world floods are caused by tropical storms called hurricanes or
typhoons. They bring destructive winds of high speed, torrents of rain, and flooding.
When a flood occurs, the destruction to the surrounding land can be severe. Whole
villages and towns are sometimes swept away by water pouring swiftly over the land.
Railroad tracks and buckles are uprooted from their beds. Highways are washed away.

When a building caught fire, the firemen pitched in to help battle the blaze. Before the
pumps were invented, people formed bucket brigades to fight fires. Standing side by side,
they formed a human chain from the fire to nearby well or river. They passed buckets of
water from hand to hand to be poured on the flames.

The damage of fire did depend a great deal on where it happened. In the country or a
small village, only a single house might burn down. But in crowded cities, fire often
destroyed whole blocks and neighborhoods before being controlled.
1. What can possibly prevent rivers and lakes from overflowing?
A. An absorbent bed
B. A rocky surrounding
C. A low land
D. A high bank
E. A high road

2. We know from the text that ....

A. River can sweep heavy flood
B. People can make money from flood
C. The destruction by flood is always less severe
D. Water flood is absorbed by land directly
E. Typhoons caused heavy flood

3. We know from the text that ....

A. The pump is the only tool used by fire fighters now
B. The pump helps people to fight fires more efficiently
C. Fires in big cities are always very big
D. People no longer use buckets to control fire
 E. Only firemen can control fires in crowded cities

Nama:……………….

Kelas:……………….

Read the text and answer the question !

3. Text 3

Acid Rain

Acid rain is rain that is highly acidic because of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and other
air pollutants dissolved in it. Normal rain is slightly acidic, with a pH of 6. Acid rain may
have a pH value as low as 2.8.

Acid rain can severely damage both plant and animal life. Certain lakes, for example,
have lost all fish and plant life because of acid rain.

Acid rain comes from sulfur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulfur dioxide
(SO2 ). Most sulfur leaves factory chimneys as the gaseous sulfur dioxide (SO2 ) and
most nitrogen are also emitted as one of the nitrogen oxides (NO or NO2 ), both of which
are gasses. The gasses may be dry deposited–absorbed directly by the land, by lakes or by
the surface vegetation. If they are in the atmosphere for anytime, the gasses will oxidize
(gain an oxygen atom) and go into solution as acids. Sulphuric acid (H2 SO4 ) and the
nitrogen oxides will become nitric acid (HNO3 ). The acids usually dissolve in cloud
droplets and may travel great distances before being precipitated as acid rain.

Catalysts such as hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and ammonium help promote the formation
of acids in clouds. More ammonium (NH4 ) can be formed when some of the acids are
partially neutralized by airborne ammonia (NH3 ). Acidification increases with the
number of active hydrogen (H+) ions dissolved in acid. Hydrocarbons emitted by, for
example, car exhausts will react in sunlight with nitrogen oxides to produce ozone.
Although it is invaluable in the atmosphere, low-level ozone causes respiratory problems
and also hastens the formation of acid rain. When acid rain falls on the ground it
dissolves and liberates heavy metals and aluminum (Al). When it is washed into lakes,
aluminum irritates the outer surfaces of many fish. As acid rain falls or drains into the
lake the pH of the lake falls. Forests suffer the effect of acid rain through damage to
leaves, through the loss of vital nutrients, and through the increased amounts of toxic
metals liberated by acid, which damage roots and soil microorganisms.

1. What is the text mainly about?

A. The definition of acid rain
B. The process of acid rain
C. The effect of acid rain
D. Acid rain
E. Rain

2. The acid of normal rain is .… then the acid rain

A. Higher
B. Lower
C. Denser
D. Severer
E. The same

3. What is the result of the burning of the coal and oil?

A. Ammonium
B. Nitric acid
C. Sulphuric acid
D. Sulfur dioxide
E. Airborne ammonia

4. The sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides will …. in the air.

A. Be absorbed directly by the vegetation
B. Dissolved in the lake water and land
C. Emit another sulfur gas
D. Radiate an oxygen atom
E. Gain an oxygen atom

5. Which of the following is not true about acid rain?

A. It contains lower pH than the normal rain
B. It has higher pH than the normal rain
C. It can damage animal and plant life
D. It contains dangerous gasses
E. It endangers water life

6. What is the purpose of the text?

A. To report the acid rain in general
 B. To explain the process of acid rain
C. To persuade the reader to prevent acid rain
D. To discuss the danger of acid rain in the air
E. To present two different opinions on acid rain process

Nama:……………….

Kelas:……………….

4. Text 4
Human Body

Human body is made up of countless millions of cells. Food is needed to built up new
cells and replace the worn out cells. However, the food that we take must be changed into
substances that can be carried in the blood to the places where they are needed. This
process is called digestion.

The first digestive process takes place in the mouth. The food we eat is broken up into
small pieces by the action of teeth, mixed with saliva, a juice secreted by glands in the
mouth. Saliva contains digestive juice which moisten the food, so it can be swallowed
easily.

From the mouth, food passes through the esophagus (the food passage) into the stomach.
Here, the food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach for several
hours. Then the food enters the small intestine. All the time the muscular walls of the
intestine are squeezing, mixing and moving the food onwards.

In a few hours, the food changes into acids. These are soon absorbed by the villi
(microscopic branch projections from the intestine walls) and passed into the bloodstream.

1. What is the text about?

A. The digestive system
B. The digestive juice
C. The method of the digestive system
D. The process of intestine work
E. The food substances

2. How can we swallow the food easily?

A. The food changes into acids absorbed by the villi.
 B. The food must be digested first through the process.
C. The food is directly swallowed through esophagus into the stomach.
D. The food is mixed with the juices secreted by the cells in the stomach.
E. The food we take must be changed into substances carried in the blood to the places.

3. From the text above, we imply that ….

A. A good process of digestive system will help our body becoming healthier.
B. No one concerned with the process of digestive system for their health.
C. The digestive system is needed if we are eating the food instantly.
D. Everybody must conduct the processes of digestive system well.
E. The better we digest the food we eat, the healthier we will be.

4. “Human body is made up of countless millions of cells.” (Paragraph 1)

The underlined phrase means ….
A. Produced
B. Managed
C. Arranged
D. Completed
E. Constructed

Nama:……………….

Kelas:……………….

Read the text and answer the question

5. Text 5
Biodiesel

Biodiesel is a clean burning substitute for petroleum based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is made
of vegetable oil.

To make or manufacture Biodiesel, you must first start with raw materials. The raw
materials needed in the production of Biodiesel are a small amount of methanol and a
ready supply of vegetable product. One of the most common vegetables used in the
production of Biodiesel is corn, although depending on the geographic location of the
manufacturing facility many other plants are used as well (rapeseed, soybeans, flaxseed,
etc.). The first step is to use the raw vegetable product to make vegetable oil. Vegetable
oil by itself will not be what you need to power a car, from here it has to be processed
into Biodiesel.
The process for converting vegetable oil into Biodiesel is sometimes called ester
interchange. To complete this process the vegetable oil has to be combined with a smaller
amount of methanol and then put in the presence of a small quantity of an alkaline
catalyst (for example, 5% to 1% sodium hydroxide). Vegetable oil is made up of so-
called triglycerides, which is a compound of the trivalent alcohol glycerin with three fatty
acids. The goal of ester interchange is to separate the glycerin molecule from the three
fatty acids and replace it with three methanol molecules. This process then yields roughly
90% Biodiesel and 10% of a glycerin byproduct. The glycerin byproduct can be used in a
number of other chemical processes for different industries.

1. What is the text about?

A. The process of making Biodiesel.
B. The use of the Biodiesel.
C. The advantage of using the Biodiesel.
D. The benefit of producing the Biodiesel.
E. The development of the Biodiesel product.

2. What are interchanged in the process of ester interchange?

A. The three fatty acids with the glycerin molecules.
B. The glycerin molecule with three methanol molecules.
C. Methanol with the three fatty acids.
D. Vegetable oil with methanol
E. Methanol and alkaline catalyst.

3. According to the text, one of the advantages in using biodiesel is…

A. It is cheap.
B. It only uses vegetable oil.
C. It uses replaceable materials.
D. It can be done in small industry.
E. It gives less pollution than petroleum.

4. “The process for converting vegetable oil…”(Paragraph 3)

The underline word is closest in meaning to…
A. Producing
B. Separating
C. Attaching
D. Processing
E. Changing
Nama:……………….

Kelas:……………….

6. Text 6

The nose, trachea and lungs are the main organs which make up the respiratory system.
This system allows the exchange of gases which are needed for us to live.

Breathing happens when the brain sends a message through the nerves to the intercostal
muscles which lie between the ribs and diaphragm. When the instruction is received, the
muscles pull the ribs outwards and the diaphragm relaxes so that the space in the chest
gets bigger. Because the pressure in the chest gets lower, air rushes in to fill the lungs.

This air is first taken in through the nose or mouth. It then travels into the throat (the
pharynx) and on through the voice box (the larynx). The opening to the voice box has a
cover over it called the epiglottis.

This cover opens when a breath is taken. In this way, the air is able to flow down the
trachea but food is kept out.

After passing down the trachea the air travels into the lung down either the right or left
bronchus, through the bronchioles and at last into tiny air sacs called alveoli. These are
covered with small blood vessels called capillaries. From here, oxygen is finally taken
into the blood stream and carbon dioxide is passed back to the lungs.

The intercostal muscles then push the rib cage back inwards. As a result, the space in the
chest gets smaller and the pressure rises, thus pushing the carbon dioxide back out of the
lungs.

And it all happens in the space of a single breath!

1. What organ makes up the human respiratory system?
A. Mouth
B. Pancreas
C. Trachea
D. Liver
E. Stomach

2. The following statements are true EXCEPT ...

A. The nose, trachea and lungs are the main organs which make up the respiratory system.
B. The intercostal muscles push the rib cage back inwards.
C. The intercostal muscles then push the rib cage back inwards.
D. Breathing happens when the brain receives a message through the nerves to the
intercostal muscles.
E. Epiglottis is opened when a breath is taken.

3. “It then travels into the throat (the pharynx) and …” (Paragraph 3)
The underlined word refers to ...
A. The chest
B. The water
C. The lung
D. The rib
E. The voice

Text 7

The sense of taste is one of a person’s five senses. We taste with the help of taste-buds in
the tongue.

There are four main kinds of taste: sweet, sour, salty, and bitter. All other tastes are just
mixtures of two or more of these main types.

The surface of the tongue has more than fifteen thousand taste-buds (or cells). These are
connected to the brain by special nerves which send the so-called ‘tastes messages.

When the tongue comes into contact with food of any kind, the taste-buds will pick up
the taste. The nerves then send a message to the brain. This will make us aware of the
taste. All this happens in just a few seconds.

There are four kinds of taste-buds, each of which is sensitive to only a particular taste.
These four groups are located in different parts of the tongue.
The taste-buds for salty and sweet tastes are found round the tip of the tongue and along
its sides. Sour tastes can be picked up only at the sides of the tongue. The taste-buds of
the bitter taste are found at the innermost edge of the tongue. There are taste-buds at the
centre of the tongue.

The senses of smell and sight can affect taste. The good smell of food increases its taste.
Similarly, attractive colours can make food appear tastier and more delicious. If food
does not smell good or is dull-coloured, it will look tasty and may not taste good at all.

Very hot or cold sensations can make the taste-buds insensitive. Food that is too hot or
too cold, when placed in the mouth, will have no tastes at all.

1. We can taste any kind of food because of ...

A. The good smell of food
B. The four main kinds of taste
C. The taste-buds in the tongue
D. The senses of smell and sight
E. The taste-buds round the tip of the tongue

2. When we eat very hot or cold food ...

A. The food will lose its taste
B. The food won’t smell good
C. The taste of the food increases
D. The taste-buds will be sensitive
E. The taste-buds will be very, responsive

3. The senses of smell and sight ...

A. Increase the taste of the food
B. Affect the taste of the food
C. Make food more delicious
D. Make the food look good
E. Make the food attractive

4. The purpose of the text is ...

A. To explain how we can taste any food in the mouth
B. To give a report about the sense of taste
C. To inform how important the tongue is
D. To describe the use of the tongue
E. To tell the taste of the food
 Students’ Reading Interests Instrument

READING INTEREST QUESTIONNAIRES

Nama : .........................................................
Kelas :..........................................................

(Adapted by Sorrel Brown, 2010 & Scale Likert)

Petunjuk
Pertama kali isilah identitas saudara sebelum mengisi angket ini dengan memberi tanda
silang (√) pilihan yang tersedia. Kemudian isilah angket berikut ini.

Alternatif jawaban yang tersedia adalah:

SS = Sangat Sering S = Sering
J = Jarang
SJ = Sangat Jarang TP = Tidak Pernah

Pilihlah salah satu pernyataan yang sesuai dengan pendapat atau yang paling mendekati
pendapat Saudara/i dengan cara memberi tanda silang ( √ ) pada salah satu kolom yang
sudah disediakan.

No Pernyataan SS S J SJ TP

1 Saya memanfaatkan waktu luang dengan

membaca buku

2 Saya membaca buku pada waktu istirahat di

sekolah

3 Saya lebih suka membaca buku berbahasa inggris

4 Saya membaca buku/majalah berbahasa Inggris
selama perjalanan liburan.

5 Saya malas membaca teks bahasa Inggris jika saya

tidak mengetahui artinya.

6 Saya merasa bosan membaca buku berbahasa

Inggris
7 Saya membaca dongeng bahasa Inggris bergambar

8 Saya membaca teks bahasa inggris tentang hewan

9 Saya membaca teks berbahasa Inggris tentang

Tumbuhan

10 Saya lebih suka membaca buku yang dapat

memberikan informasi baru
11 Saya hanya membaca buku yang saya butuhkan

12 Saya membaca teks berbahasa Inggris karena

ingin mengetahui informasi di dalam teks
13 Saya sangat antusias jika saya diminta membaca
teks berbahasa Inggris

14 Saya mengalami kesulitan ketika membaca teks

berbahasa Inggris.

15 Saya merasa terhibur dengan membaca cerita

berbahasa Inggris

16 Saya merasa tidak puas jika saya tidak diminta

membacakan teks berbahasa Inggris oleh

guru

17 Saya berminat untuk membaca teks

berbahasa Inggris yang belum pernah saya baca
sebelumnya
18 Saya senang diberi tugas membaca cerita
berbahasa Inggris.

19 Saya ingin membaca teks berbahasa Inggris

dengan lancar.

20 Saya membeli buku berbahasa Inggris dengan

uang sendiri.

21 Saya mengikuti tes membaca bahasa Inggris.

(Reading).

22 Saya suka membaca buku pelajaran bahasa inggris

23 Ketika membaca text bahasa inggris saya

kesulitan memahami arti dari text.

24 Saya mencari sendiri arti kata yang sulit yang ada

pada teks berbahasa Inggris.

25 Saya berusaha memahami sendiri tugas

membaca bahasa Inggris.

26 Saya kesulitan untuk menceritakan tentang apa

yang sudah saya baca

27 Saya membuat daftar kata yang baru saya temui

ketika membaca text bahasa inggris.

28 Saya suka membaca buku dongeng bahasa inggris

29 Saya membaca buku karena penasaran dengan isi

cerita nya

30 Saya merasa bosan membaca buku dongeng yang

panjang