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    Chemistry 108B Exam #2 Cheat Sheet 2

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    雪郎かざき
    1) The document provides information on the synthesis of various organic compound classes including carboxylic acids, esters, amides, anilines, acid chlorides, nitriles, anhydrides, and reactions of monosaccharides. 2) Common methods for synthesizing carboxylic acids involve oxidation reactions using reagents like KMnO4, O3, or H2O2. Esters can be synthesized by reacting an acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. 3) Amides are typically synthesized by reacting an acid chloride with ammonia or a primary/secondary amine. Nitriles are prepared by treating an alkyl halide with cyanide ions.

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    Chemistry 108B Exam #2 Cheat Sheet 2

    Uploaded by

    雪郎かざき
    444 views1 page
    1) The document provides information on the synthesis of various organic compound classes including carboxylic acids, esters, amides, anilines, acid chlorides, nitriles, anhydrides, and reactions of monosaccharides. 2) Common methods for synthesizing carboxylic acids involve oxidation reactions using reagents like KMnO4, O3, or H2O2. Esters can be synthesized by reacting an acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. 3) Amides are typically synthesized by reacting an acid chloride with ammonia or a primary/secondary amine. Nitriles are prepared by treating an alkyl halide with cyanide ions.

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    1) The document provides information on the synthesis of various organic compound classes including carboxylic acids, esters, amides, anilines, acid chlorides, nitriles, anhydrides, and reactions of monosaccharides. 2) Common methods for synthesizing carboxylic acids involve oxidation reactions using reagents like KMnO4, O3, or H2O2. Esters can be synthesized by reacting an acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. 3) Amides are typically synthesized by reacting an acid chloride with ammonia or a primary/secondary amine. Nitriles are prepared by treating an alkyl halide with cyanide ions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    444 views1 page

    Chemistry 108B Exam #2 Cheat Sheet 2

    Uploaded by

    雪郎かざき
    1) The document provides information on the synthesis of various organic compound classes including carboxylic acids, esters, amides, anilines, acid chlorides, nitriles, anhydrides, and reactions of monosaccharides. 2) Common methods for synthesizing carboxylic acids involve oxidation reactions using reagents like KMnO4, O3, or H2O2. Esters can be synthesized by reacting an acid and alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst. 3) Amides are typically synthesized by reacting an acid chloride with ammonia or a primary/secondary amine. Nitriles are prepared by treating an alkyl halide with cyanide ions.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chemistry 108B Exam #2 Cheat Sheet-2

    Synthesis of CARBOXYLIC ACIDS


    O Synthesis of ESTERS Synthesis of AMIDES
    Jones
    R OH R OH O O O
    R2 OH O
    O
    R1
    2 HNR1R2 R2
    1) CO2 R1 Cl N OR2 R Cl R N
    R MgBr R OH
    2) H3O(+) O O O R1
    R O R2 OH O O HNR1R2 O
    KMnO4 , H3O(+) R1 O R1 R1 OR2
    R2
    or R OH R O R R N
    R O O
    O3, H2O2 R2 OH
    R = alkyl, aryl, allyl R1
    O R1 OH conc. H(+) R1 OR2
    KMnO4 R1, R2 = H, alkyl, aryl, allyl
    O O
    R H3O(+) OH R2 X
    O R1 O(-) R1 O R2 Synthesis of ANILINES
    conc. H(+)
    R C N NO2 NH2
    H2O R OH Fe, HCl
    O Synthesis of ACID CHLORIDES or
    conc. H(+), H2O O
    SnCl2
    or O SOCl2 O
    R1 OR2 R1 OH or
    conc. OH(-), H2O or H2, Pd/C
    R OH R Cl
    PCl5

    Synthesis of NITRILES
    Synthesis of ANHYDRIDES
    M(+)CN(-)
    R Lv R CN O O O O
    O
    SOCl2
    +
    C R CN R Cl HO R R O R
    R NH2

    Reactions of Monosaccharides
    HO O O O
    O 1) or
    HO OR H3C O CH3 H3C Cl
    HO 2) HBr
    OH 3) ROH, Ag2O
    CH2OH HO O
    4) OH(-), H2O C
    Alditol H OH
    H O H OH
    HO H NaBH4 Aldaric
    C HNO3 HO H
    H OH Acid
    H OH Δ H OH
    H OH
    HO H H OH
    Killiani- CH2OH
    Fischer 1) HCN H OH C
    2) Lindlar H OH HO O
    H O 3) H3O(+)
    C CH2OH Br2, H2O
    pH = 6 HO O
    H OH C
    1) H2NOH
    H OH Ph 3 H2NNPh, H OH
    2) (AcO)2, AcO(-) Aldonic
    HO H AcOH
    H N NH 3) H3CO(-) HO H Acid
    H OH C H Ag2O H OH
    Wohl H O
    H OH N Ph C
    CH3I H OH
    N
    CH2OH H3CO HO H CH2OH
    HO H
    O
    H OH H OH 1) Ca(OH2
    Osazone H3CO OCH3
    H OH 2)Fe(3+)
    H3CO H OH
    OCH3 Ruff 30% H2O2
    CH2OH CH2OH

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