RULES FOR WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

PREFACE

1. Reference is drawn to rule No. 16.6 i.e. ‘Deluge installations’ of the Committee’s
Rules for Automatic Sprinkler Installations, 2nd Edition 1998.

2. In situations where Oil and Flammable Liquids are stored and/or used in such
quantities and in such a manner that the value of the standard sprinklers in the
event of fire is open to question, approved Medium and/or High Velocity
Sprayers may be employed in lieu of or in conjunction with sprinklers. These rules
are intended to provide a guide as to when such systems should be installed,
details of their design and performance.

3. For the first time, Tariff Advisory Committee has compiled these Rules. The
purpose of these Rules is to provide minimum requirements for fixed water spray
systems based upon good engineering practices. While formulating the rules,
due consideration has been shown to the International Standards.

4. The term ‘Water Spray’ refers to the use of water in a form having a pre-
determined pattern, particle size, velocity and density discharged from
specifically designed nozzles or devices.

Water Spray systems are usually applied to special fire protection problems since
the protection can be specifically designed to provide for effective fire control,
extinguishments, prevention or exposure fire protection. These systems may be
independent of or supplementary to, other forms of protection.

5. These rules are intended to cover water spray protection from fixed nozzles only.
The design of specific systems may vary considerably depending on the nature
of the hazard and basic purpose of protection. Because of these variations and
other environmental factors, the systems must be competently designed,
installed and maintained. The designer must thoroughly understand the
capabilities and limitations of the protection.

6. Water spray systems are most commonly used to protect processing blocks,
processing equipments, structures, flammable liquid and gas vessel, piping and
equipment such as transformers, oil switches and some combustible solids, cable
trays, cable rack etc.

7. High Velocity Nozzles can be expected to extinguish fires involving liquids with
flash points of 65o C (150o F), or higher and should be installed where such
flammable fluids constitute the hazard. For fluids flashing at below 65o C (150o F),
extinguishments is always not possible or even desirable and for these, Medium
Velocity Water Sprayers need to be installed to provide cooling, controlling the
burning and/or exposure protection.

8. There are also limitations to the use of water spray systems such as slop-over or
frothing hazard where confined materials at a high temperature or having a
wide distillation range are involved. Similarly, water reacting chemicals such as
metallic sodium and calcium carbide etc. produce violent reaction or liquefied
gases at cryogenic temperature, which boil violently in contact with water.
9. Experiments have proved that the rule for the exposure protection contemplate
emergency relieving capacity for vessels based upon a maximum allowable
heat input of 16,290 K.cal/hr./Sq.M (6,000 BTU/hour/Sq.ft.). In other words, it is
expected that the heat input rate to the contents of an unprotected tank will be
reduced from in excess of 54,300 K.cal/hr/sq.M. (20,000 BTU/Hr./Sq.ft.) to
something of the order of 16,290 K.cal/hr./sq.M) (6,000 BTU/hr./sq.ft.) for a water
sprayed tank. Similarly, the tank shell temperature which shall not preferably
exceed 3430 C (6500 F), can be brought down to 1000 C (2120 F) by water spray
system.

Definitions and terminology relating to the components of the water spray

systems are as follows:

a) WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

A special fixed pipe system connected to a reliable source of fire protection

water supply and equipped with water spray nozzles for specific water
discharge and distribution over the surface or area to be protected. The
piping system is connected to the water supply through an automatically
actuated Deluge Valve, which initiates flow of water. Automatic actuation is
achieved by operation of automatic detecting equipment installed
alongwith water spray nozzles. There are two types of systems namely High
Velocity and Medium Velocity systems.

b) SPRAY NOZZLE

A normally open water discharging device which, when supplied with water
under pressure will distribute the water in a special, directional pattern
peculiar to the particular device.

Nozzles used for High Velocity Water Spray systems are called “Projectors”
and nozzles used for Medium Velocity Water Spray systems are called
“Sprayers”. Both these nozzles are made in a range of orifice sizes with varying
discharge angles so that discharge can be controlled for optimum
protection.

c) DELUGE VALVE

A quick opening valve, which admits water automatically to a system of

projectors or sprayers and is operated by a system of detectors and/or
sprinklers installed in the same areas as nozzles.

d) CONTROL OF BURNING

Application of water spray to equipment or areas where a fire may occur to

control the rate of burning and thereby limit the heat release from a fire until
the fuel can be eliminated or extinguishment effected.

e) EXPOSURE PROTECTION
 Application of water spray to structures or equipment to limit absorption of
heat to a level which will minimise damage and prevent failure, whether
source of heat is external or internal.

f) IMPINGEMENT

The striking of a protected surface by water droplets issuing directly from

projectors and/or sprayers.

g) RUN DOWN

The downward travel of water along a surface caused by the momentum of

the water or by gravity.

h) SLIPPAGE

The horizontal component of the travel of water along the surface beyond
the point of contact, caused by the momentum of water.

i) INSULATED EQUIPMENT

Equipment, structures, vessels provided with insulation which for the expected
duration of exposure, will protect steel from exceeding a temperature of 4540
C (8500 F) for structural members and 3430 C (6500 F) for vessels.

j) DENSITY

The unit rate of water application to an area or surface expressed in

litres/min/sq.m.

k) AUTOMATIC DETECTION EQUIPMENT

Equipment which will automatically detect one or more components directly

related to combustion such as heat, smoke, flame and other phenomenon
and cause automatic actuation of Alarm and protection Equipment.

l) FIRE BARRIER

A fire barrier is a continuous wall or floor that is designed and constructed to

limit the spread of fire.

m) RANGE PIPES

Pipes on which sprinklers are attached either directly or through short arm
pipes, which do not exceed 300mm in length.

n) DISTRIBUTION PIPES

Pipes, which directly feed the range pipes.

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 SECTION – 1

PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF

PLANS, APPLICATION FOR AVAILING DISCOUNTS

1.1 REQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF PLANS

1.1.1 Plans for submission to the Committee shall be drawn up in accordance

with the following requirements:-

1.1.2 Plans shall be clear, contain all required details including scale and point of
Compass and shall be dated.

1.1.3 Plans of new installations shall show the entire compound; all buildings
therein, with their door and window openings, and the boundary walls.
Buildings under construction and future extension envisaged shall be
indicated by dotted lines. Plans of extension to approved existing
installations need not show the rest of the compound but sufficient details
shall be given of the existing installations in correlation to the extension, to
enable the Committee’s Inspection Staff to check the plans and offer
comments. In case of storeyed buildings, drawings submitted shall include
plans of each storey together with sectional elevations.

1.1.4 MATERIAL: Plans shall be on White paper or Ammonia paper or Ferro

Prussiate paper.

1.1.5 Plans shall generally be prepared in accordance with IS: 696, shall not
exceed 850 x 1200 mm in size and shall be drawn to a scale of 1:500 or
1:1000. In the case of very large compounds with more than one risk, it is
advisable to submit separate plans for each risk with a key plan showing
the relative situation of the various risks etc. In the compound.

1.1.6 SIGNS

1.1.6.1 Pucca walls to be shown by double lines, doors and windows being clearly
marked (Figure 1)

1.1.6.2 Iron or other non-masonry walls to be shown by a thin line and nature of
construction indicated (Figure 2).

1.1.6.3 Perfect Party Walls to be indicated by the sign “T” at each end of the wall,
or have the letters “P.P.W.” alongside or across them at regular intervals
and marked in distinctive colour (Figure 3).

1.1.6.4 Fireproof doors and/or Shutters to be marked as follows:

Single Fireproof Door and/or Shutter SFPD

Double Fireproof Doors and/or Shutters DFPD
1.1.6.5 Barrier Walls to be indicated by letters “B.W.” alongside thereof at regular
intervals and marked in distinctive colour.

1.1.6.6 Sky lights to be marked “Sky Lights” or “S.L.”.

1.1.6.7 Boiler to be shown by a rectangular figure marked “Boiler”.

1.1.6.8 Spray System Mains to be shown by a Yellow line; the diameter, and
number of pipes being marked alongside and specials and reducers to be
clearly indicated (Figure 4).

1.1.6.9 Water Spray System pumps to be clearly marked and the capacity and
head to be indicated in each case.
1.1.6.10 Pump(s) suction piping to be shown dotted and diameter to be indicated
(Figure 5).

1.1.6.11 Surface fire service water tanks and reservoirs to be shown to scale and
average depth indicated (Figure 6).

1.1.6.12 Fire alarm gongs to be shown by orange circles and marked “F A G”.

1.1.6.13 Water Spray protected blocks to be marked “W”.

1.1.6.14 Oil, solvent, acid and other chemicals tanks to be drawn to scale and
suitably marked (Figure 7).

1.1.6.15 Electric cable(s) for the fire Pumps(s) to be shown in green lines

1.2 APPLICATION PROCEDURES FOR AVAILING DISCOUNT

1.2.1 The sanction of discounts off insurance premium shall necessarily follow
consideration of all details of the risk, of manufacturing processes involved
and the protective appliances to be installed, by the Regional Offices of
the Committee, in order to ensure that the Standards laid down have been
fully observed. To prevent confusion or disappointment, definite Rules for
procedure have been laid down as follows: -

1.2.2 Proposals for the installation of appliances shall be submitted to the

concerned Regional Office by the Leading Office on the risk and shall
comprise –

1.2.2.1 Material specifications of equipment and components of the installation,

indicating the name of manufacturers and Indian Standards Specifications,
if any.

1.2.2.2 In the case of internal appliances, details of the areas of various

compartments, their occupations and the quantities and types of
appliances proposed.

1.2.2.3 Fully dimensioned plans in duplicate as called for in Section 1 must be

submitted.
1.2.2.4 In addition to the above, the following details would be necessary in the
case of SPRAY SYSTEM installations.

a) Drawings showing layout of the entire Spray System, incorporating

material specifications, different sizes of mains etc.

N.B. In the case of storeyed blocks, floor area of each floor showing
particulars.

b) Layout of pump house showing clearly the suction, delivery and priming
(if any) arrangements.
 c) Details of water storage tanks giving particulars of compartmentation
and jackwell, details of inflow and particulars of tappings for other
purposes, if any.

d) Sub-station location in relation to other blocks if the pump is electrically

driven.

e) Plans of Sub-station showing thickness of internal walls and equipment

layout. Also walls between Transformers if outdoor and located within 6
M or specified distance according to Oil contents as specified in rule
6.1.6 of Committee’s Electrical Rules.

f) Route of cable from Sub-station to fire pump house.

g) Schematic circuit line diagram showing electric feed to fire pump.

1.2.3 Discounts will be considered only if all the equipment associated with the
system protection such as pumps, engines, motors, valves, projectors/
sprayers, deluge valve, hand appliances and their accessories are of a
type and make, approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.

1.2.4 No discounts will be considered for a Spray System unless the same has
been hydraulically tested with trenches open atleast twice during the
course of installation by the Inspectorate of the Regional Office of the
Committee and found in order.

N.B. The piping above Deluge Valves need not be hydraulically tested.

1.2.5 The prior submission of proposals to the concerned Regional Office before
the work is commenced, is essential to ensure that the installation will
conform to the Committee’s requirements but does not dispense with the
procedure laid down here after (1.2.6, 1.2.7 and 1.2.8) for application for
the sanction of discounts.

1.2.6 Application for discounts shall be submitted on special forms provided for
the purpose by the Committee and shall comprise

1.2.6.1 Application by the Leading Office (Appendix I)

1.2.6.2 Guarantee by the Insured (Appendix II)

1.2.6.3 Schedule of Appliances (Signed by Insured) (Appendix III) A

1.2.7 In every case, a plan of the premises prepared in accordance with

requirements indicated in 1.1.2 to 1.1.6 shall accompany any application
for a discount for fire extinguishing appliances and, in the case of Spray
System, Installing Engineers’ detailed “As erected” working drawings are
essential.

N.B. A certificate of Completion from the installing Engineers’ stating the

pressure tests to which the installation(s) has been subjected and
giving the date(s) from which it was in complete working order shall
also be submitted.
1.2.8 In the case of extensions to an existing service, a complete set of forms and
plans detailed in 1.2.6 and 1.2.7 above will need to be submitted.

1.2.9 No application for discount can be entertained until the relative

appliances are complete, in position, ready for use and fully operative. An
appropriate discount or allowance will be sanctioned by the concerned
Regional Office of the Committee from the date of the completed
application, (in accordance with 1.2.6 and 1.2.7 above) subject to the
appliances being found in order on inspection by the Inspectorate of the
concerned Regional Office of the Committee. In the event of the
installation being found incomplete or defective, the discount will be
withheld (or withdrawn if already notified until the defects have been
rectified to the satisfaction of the concerned Regional Office of the
Committee.

1.2.10 No allowance shall be made for Fire Extinguishing Appliances until notified
by the concerned Regional Office of the Committee either by letter or
circular, and then, with effect only from the date specified in such
notification.

1.2.11 Insurer and the insured are advised not to change block numbers as this
naturally affects the Regional Office’s records and causes confusion. If
block numbers have to be changed, the concerned Regional Office of the
Committee shall be notified at once.

1.3 INSPECTION STAFF

1.3.1 The Regional Offices of the Committee undertake, as far as possible, the
periodical inspection of all premises in which fire extinguishing appliances,
entitling the risk to special discounts or ratings for such appliances, are
installed.

For this purpose, the Regional Office’s Inspectorate shall have the right of
access to the premises of the Insured at any time with or without giving any
prior notice.

1.3.2 The primary duty of the Inspecting Engineers is to report the condition and
efficiency of the appliances installed as well as to ensure that the Rules are
being observed.
They will, however, give help and advice in the maintenance of the
appliances and on matters pertaining to fire protection and prevention.

1.3.3 The attention of the Inspecting Engineers shall be drawn, during their visits,
to any changes effected since the previous inspection or to any
contemplated extensions and alterations to the existing services. This
procedure does not, however, dispense with the necessity of advising the
Insurer(s) interested on the risk of any changes, which affect the plan of the
risk or the appliances recorded with the Regional Office of the Committee.

+++++ ++
 SECTION – 2

COMMON REQUIREMENTS TO HIGH VELOCITY WATER SPRAY AND

MEDIUM VELOCITY WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

2.1 WATER SUPPLIES

2.1.1 Water for the spray system shall be stored in any easily accessible surface or
underground lined reservoir or above ground tanks of steel, concrete, or
masonry.

2.1.2 Common reservoir/tank for all other systems such as sprinkler installation
and hydrant system as well as spray systems are acceptable provided:

a) All the suction inlets or foot valves are at same level and
b) Aggregate capacity of the reservoir is equal to the total requirement of
all the systems put together.

2.1.3 Reservoir/tank of and over 225 m3 capacity shall be in two independent

but interconnected compartments with a common sump for suction to
facilitate cleaning and repairs. The construction/arrangement of the
reservoir/tank and the common sump shall be in accordance with the
provisions in rule 7.3 of the Fire Protection Manual (12th edition).

2.1.4 Water for the system shall be free of particles, suspended matters etc. and
as far as possible, filtered water shall be used for the system.

2.1.5 Level indicator shall be provided for measuring the quantity of water stored
anytime. The indicator shall be graduated to read directly in m3 of water.

2.1.6 Water reservoir/tank shall be cleaned at least once in two years or more
frequently if necessary to prevent contamination and sedimentation.

2.1.7 It is advisable to provide adequate inflow into the reservoir/tank so that the
protection can be re-established within a short period.

2.2 PUMPS

2.2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1.1 Pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purposes; be of a type
approved by the Committee, and shall be:-

a) Electric Motor driven centrifugal pumps Or

b) Compression ignition engine driven centrifugal pumps or
c) Vertical turbine submersible pumps.

In all the above cases, pumps shall be automatic in action.

2.2.1.2 Pumps shall be direct-coupled, except in the case of engine-driven vertical

turbine pumps wherein gear drives shall be used. Belt-driven pumps shall
not be accepted.
2.2.1.3 Parts of pumps like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring etc. shall be of non-
corrosive metal e.g. brass or bronze.

2.2.1.4 The pressure and flow required to supply the most unfavourable and most
favourable areas of operation shall be calculated. This calculated flow
demand shall be taken on the intercept of the water supply curve with the
most favourable demand curve. Characteristics of the pumps selected
shall be submitted along with hydraulic pressure loss calculations of the
system.

2.2.1.5 In case of electrically driven pumps, it is recommended that a compression

ignition engine driven stationary pump of similar capacity be installed as a
standby and vice versa. However, where the spray system consists of more
than one pump or prime-movers of all pumps shall not be of same type.

Notwithstanding the above, if power to motorised fire pumps is obtained

from two sources, one of which is a captive generating plant located in a
block either 6M away from all surrounding buildings or, where this is not
feasible, segregated from adjoining buildings in a manner indicated in rule
2.2.1.12 more than one pump may be of the electrically-driven type.

2.2.1.6 In case of Jockey pumps in such systems to take care of minor leakages,
the capacity thereof shall not be less than 3% and normally not more than
10% of the installed pumping capacity.

2.2.1.7 Each pump shall be provided with a pressure gauge on the delivery side
the pump and the non-return value and a plate giving the delivery head,
capacity and the number of revolution per minute.

2.2.1.8 Each fire service pump shall be provided with an independent suction pipe
without any sluice or cut-off valves therein, unless the pump is situated
below the level of the water supply in which case sluice or cut-off valves
would be essential. Where the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) available
at site is less than 0.5m in excess of the actual value required at 150% of the
duty point as per the manufacturer’s curves or where the water supply has
fibrous or equally objectionable matter in suspension or mud and/or sand
liable to cause accumulation in the installation, suction pipe(s) shall be
installed in a jack well fed through a culvert from the main water supply. At
the supply end of the culvert, a sluice or gate valve shall be provided.

2.2.1.9 The diameter of the suction pipe shall be such that the rate of flow of water
through it does not exceed 90m. per minute when the pump is delivering at
its rated discharge. If, however, the pump is situated below the level of its
water supply, the diameter of the suction pipe/header shall be based upon
a rate of flow of 120m. per minute.

2.2.1.10 Centrifugal pumps shall be fixed below the level of the water supply.
However, if the priming arrangements are such as to ensure that the suction
pipe shall be automatically maintained full of water notwithstanding a
serious leakage therefrom (the pump being automatically brought into
action to replenish the priming tank should the latter be drawn upon at a
greater rate than the rate at which it is fed from any other source), positive
suction may not be insisted. In such cases, the capacity of the priming tank
 need not exceed 450 ltrs and the diameter of the priming pipe need not
exceed 50mm.

Note: For the purpose of Rules 2.2.1.8, 2.2.1.9 and 2.2.1.11, a pump shall be
considered as having positive suction only if the quantity of water in the
reservoir above the level of the top of the pump casing is equivalent to the
requirements in Rules 3.2.2 and 4.2 of these Rules.

2.2.1.11 If, at the discretion of the Committee, the pump is allowed to be installed
above the level of its water supply in the case of High Velocity Water Spray
Systems, there shall be a foot valve and a ‘priming’ arrangement, the latter
consisting of a tank (having a capacity at least three times that of the
suction pipe from the pump to the foot valve) connected to the delivery
side of the pump by a metal pipe having a diameter of 100 mm in the case
of centrifugal pumps with a non-return valve therein of the same size. A
dependable independent filling arrangement and a level indicator shall be
provided for the priming tank. The provision of a vacuum gauge for the
suction pipe is recommended.

2.2.1.12 Pumps shall not be installed in the open. The pump room shall be so
located as to be both easily accessible and where any falling masonry and
the like from other buildings occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot
damage the pump room. Normally, pump rooms shall be located 6m.
away from all surrounding buildings and overhead structures. Where this is
not feasible, they may be attached to a building provided a perfect party
wall complying with the Committee’s Rules is constructed between the
pump room and the attached building, the roof of the pump room is of
R.C.C. construction atleast 100mm thick and access to the pump room is
from the outside. The pump rooms shall normally have brick/concrete walls
and no-combustible roof, with adequate lighting, ventilation and drainage
arrangements.

Note: The pump room shall be located 30M clear of equipment/vessels

handling or storing flammable liquids/solvents and/or gases.

2.2.2 ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS:

2.2.2.1 The sub-station(s) supplying power to the fire pumps(s) shall be of

incombustible construction and shall be located at least 6m away from all
surrounding buildings. Where this is not feasible it may be attached to a
building provided a perfect party wall complying with the Committee’s
Rules is constructed between the sub-station(s) and the attached buildings,
the roof of the sub-station(s) is of R.C.C. construction atleast 100mm thick
and access to the sub-station(s) is from the outside.

Transformer cubicles inside these sub-stations shall be separated from

H.T./L.T. cubicles and from each other by blank brick/stone/concrete walls
of 355mm thickness with door openings, if any, therein being protected by
single fireproof doors complying with the Committee’s Rules. Likewise, sub-
station, and generator room shall be separated from each other. Outdoor
transformers shall also be separated as above irrespective of their oil
contents.
 Note: The Sub-station shall be located 30M clear of equipment/vessels
handling or storing flammable liquids/solvents and/or gases. For more
information attention is drawn to rule 7.4.3 Fire Protection Manual
(12th Edition)

2.2.2.2 Overhead feeders to sub-station(s) supplying power to the fire pump(s) are
not permitted within a horizontal distance of:

a) 15m. of any process building/plant or tanks containing flammable

liquids.
 or
b) 6m. of any other building or tanks containing non-flammable liquids or
of storage in open.

In case the feed to such sub-station(s) is by means of under-ground

cables, the cables shall not pass under any building or permanent
structure.

2.2.2.3 Sufficient spare power shall always be available to drive pumping set (s) at
all times throughout the year.

2.2.2.4 The electric supply to the pumping set (s) shall be entirely independent of
all other equipment in the premises i.e. even when the power throughout
the entire premises is switched off, the supply to the pump shall continue to
be available uninterrupted. This can be achieved by taking the connection
for the pump(s) from the incoming side of the main L.T. breaker. However,
in cases where two or more transformers and/or sources of supply are
connected to a common busbar or where there is provision of a bus
coupler between the busbar sections, the connection may be taken
through the busbars (Figure 8).

2.2.2.5 The fire pump circuit shall be protected at the origin by an automatic
circuit breaker so set as to permit the motor to be overloaded during an
emergency to the maximum limit permissible by the manufacturers. Further,
the under-voltage release/‘no volt’ coil of the circuit breaker shall be
removed.

Note: Where cable lengths are long enough to warrant back-up

protection, the Committee may insist on provision of such a
protection.

2.2.2.6 It is recommended that telltale lamps which would continuously glow when
power is available to the fire pump(s) circuit be provided and fixed in a
prominent position, both in the sub-station and in the pump room.

2.2.2.7 A direct feeder without any tappings shall be laid from the sub-station to
the pump house. The feeder shall be laid underground and shall not pass
under any building or permanent structure.
Under extraneous circumstances, the Committee may permit use of
overhead cables, but in no case shall such cables be permitted to
contravene the distance indicated in rule 2.2.2.2.

2.2.2.8 Where there is more than one source of power for the operation of
pumping set(s) every electrical circuit shall preferably be so designed as to
ensure that when necessary, the set(s) continue to operate without the
manual operation of an emergency switch.

2.2.2.9 The pumping set(s) shall be securely mounted on a robust bed plate, if of
the horizontal type, and shall be free from vibration at all variations of load.

2.2.2.10 The rating and design of motors and switchgear shall conform to the
relevant Indian Standards Specification. The Motor shall be of continous
 rating type and its rating shall be equivalent to the horse power required to
drive the pump at 150% of its rated discharge. (see rule 2.2.1.7)

2.2.2.11 The motor shall be of totally enclosed type or drip proof type, the latter
having their air inlets and outlets protected with meshed wire panels to
exclude rodents, reptiles and insects.

2.2.2.12 The motor(s) shall be wound for class B insulation, preferably for class E -
and the windings shall be vacuum impregnated with heat and moisture
resisting varnish and preferably glass fibre insulated to withstand tropical
conditions.

2.2.2.13 Motor(s) wound for high tension supplies shall have a suitable fixed warming
resistance to maintain the motor windings in a dry condition at all times and
particularly under monsoon conditions. The resistance shall be connected
to the lighting or other equivalent circuit.

2.2.2.14 Heating apparatus shall also be provided, when necessary, for medium
tension motor where they are located below ground level, in order to
maintain the motor windings in a dry condition. Adequate drainage
arrangements shall also be provided in the pump house in such cases.

2.2.2.15 The incoming cable to the fire pump room shall terminate in an isolating
switch fuse unit incorporating HRC fuses and where necessary provided
with a distribution system.

2.2.2.16 The starting switch gear for the fire pumps shall be suitable for direct on line
starting but other alternative arrangements are subject to prior approval. It
shall also incorporate an ammeter with a clear indication of the motor full
load current.

Note: Remote controlled starting arrangements are subject to prior

approval of the Committee.

2.2.2.17 Cables for motors and switch gears shall be armoured or be enclosed in
heavy gauge screwed steel conduit according to conditions.

2.2.2.18 It is recommended that equipment throughout be painted fire red (shade

no.536 as per IS:5) and suitably marked for identification.
2.2.2.18 Necessary spare parts including a set of fuses (in a glass fronted box) shall
be kept in readiness at all times in the pump house.

2.2.2.19 The wiring in all installations shall be done in accordance with the Rules for
the Electrical Equipment of Buildings issued by the Tariff Advisory
Committee.

2.2.3 COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE DRIVEN PUMPS

2.2.3.1 PUMP ROOM

The pump room shall be artificially heated, if necessary, to maintain the

temperature of the room above 10o C. Adequate ventilation shall be
provided for the air required for aspiration and to limit the temperature rise
 in the room to 10o C above the ambient temperature when the engine is
on full load.

2.2.3.2 ENGINE

2.2.3.2.1 The engine shall be:

a) Of the compression ignition mechanical direct injection type, capable

of being started without the use of wicks, cartridges, heater plugs or
either, at an engine room temperature of 70 C and shall accept full
load within 15 seconds from the receipt of the signal to start.

b) Naturally aspirated, supercharged or turbocharged and either air or

water cooled. In the case of charged air cooling by means of a belt-
driven fan or of a belt driven auxiliary water pump there shall be
multiple belts such that should half the belts break, the remaining belts
would be capable of driving the fan or pump.

c) Capable of operating continuously on full load at the site elevation for a

period of six hours.

d) Provided with an adjustable governor to control the engine speed

within 10% of its rated speed under any condition of load upto the full
load rating. The governor shall be set to maintain rated pump speed at
maximum pump load.

e) Provided with an in-built tachometer to indicate R.P.M. of the engine.

f) Provided with a time to taliser (hour counter)

2.2.3.2.2 Any manual device fitted to the engine, which could prevent the engine
starting, shall return automatically to the normal position.

2.2.3.2.3 Engines, after correction for altitude and ambient temperature, shall have
bare engine horsepower rating equivalent to the higher of the following
two valves

a) 20% in excess of the maximum brake horsepower required driving the

pump at its duty point.
b) The brake horsepower required to drive the pump at 150% of its rated
discharge.

2.2.3.2.4 The coupling between the engine and the pump shall allow each unit to
be removed without disturbing the other.

2.2.3.3 COOLING SYSTEM

The following systems are acceptable

a) cooling by water from the discharge of fire pump (taken off prior to the
pump discharge valve) direct into the engine cylinder jackets via a
pressure reducing device to limit the applied pressure to a safe value as
specified by the engine manufacturer. The outlet connection from this
 system shall terminate atleast 150mm above the engine water outlet
pipe and be directed into an open tundish so that the discharge water
is visible.

b) a heat exchanger, the raw water being supplied from the fire pump
discharge (taken off prior to the pump discharge valve) via a pressure
reducing device, if necessary, to limit the applied pressure to a safe
value as specified by the engine manufacturer. The raw water outlet
connection shall be so designed that the discharged water can be
readily observed. The water in the closed circuit shall be circulated by
means of an auxiliary pump driven from the engine and the capacity of
the closed circuits shall not be less than that recommended by the
engine manufacturer. If the auxiliary pump is belt driven there shall be
multiple belts so that should half the belts break, the remaining belts
shall be capable of driving the pump.

c) a frame or engine mounted air cooled radiator with a multiple belts

driven fan from the engine. When half the belts are broken the
remaining belts shall be capable of driving the fan. The water in the
closed circuit shall be circulated by means of an auxiliary pump driven
by the engine and the capacity of the closed circuit shall be not less
than that recommended by the engine manufacturer.

d) direct air cooling of the engine by means of multiple belts driven fan.
When half the belts are broken the remaining belts shall be capable
of driving the fan.

NOTE: In case of systems described in (b) (c) and (d) above a failure
actuated audio-visual alarm shall be incorporated.

2.2.3.4 AIR FILTRATION

The air intake shall be fitted with the filter of adequate size to prevent
foreign matter entering the engine.

2.2.3.5 EXHAUST SYSTEM

The exhaust shall be fitted with a suitable silencer and the total
backpressure shall not exceed the engine maker’s recommendation.
When the exhaust system rises above the engine, means shall be provided
to prevent any condensate flowing into the engine.

2.2.3.6 ENGINE SHUT-DOWN MECHANISM

This shall be manually operated and return automatically to the starting

position after use.

2.2.3.7 FUEL SYSTEM

2.2.3.7.1 Fuel

The engine fuel oil shall be of quality and grade specified by engine
makers. There shall be kept on hand at all times sufficient fuel to run the
 engine on full load for three hours, in addition to that in the engine fuel
tank.

2.2.3.7.2 Fuel Tank

The fuel tank shall be of welded steel constructed to relevant Indian or

foreign standard for Mild Steel Drums. The tank shall be mounted above the
engine fuel pump to provide a gravity feed unless otherwise
recommended by the manufacturers. The tank shall be fitted with an
indicator showing the level of fuel in the tank. The capacity of the tank shall
be sufficient to allow the engine to run on full load for 1 hour in case of High
Velocity Water Spray Systems and 3 hours in case of Medium Velocity
Water Spray Systems.

Note: Where there is more than one compression ignition engine driven
pump set there shall be a separate fuel tank and fuel feed pipe for
each engine.

2.2.3.7.3 Fuel Feed Pipes

Any valve in the fuel feed pipe between the fuel tank and the engine shall
be placed adjacent to the tank and it shall be locked in the open position.
Pipe joints shall not be soldered and plastic tubing shall not be used.

2.2.3.7.4 Auxiliary Equipment

The following shall be provided :-

a) a sludge and sediment trap

b) a fuel level gauge
c) an inspection and cleaning hole
d) a filter between the fuel tank and fuel pump mounted in an accessible
position for cleaning.
e) means to enable the entire fuel system to be bled of air. Air relief cocks
are not allowed; screwed plugs are permitted.

2.2.3.7.8 Starting Mechanism:

Provision shall be made for two separate methods of engine starting viz.
a) Automatic starting by means of a battery powered electric starter
motor incorporating the axial displacement type of pinion, having
automatic repeat start facilities initiated by a fall in pressure in the water
supply pipe to the spray installation. The battery capacity shall be
adequate for ten consecutive starts without recharging with a cold
engine under full compression.
b) Manual starting by :

i) Crank handle, if engine size permits

or
ii) Electric starter motor.
 Note: The starter motor used for automatic starting may also be used for
manual starting provided there are separate batteries for manual
starting.

2.2.3.8 Battery Charging

The means of charging the batteries shall be by a 2-rate trickle charger with
manual selection of boost charge and the batteries shall be charged in
position. Where separate batteries are provided for automatic and manual
starting the charging equipment shall be capable of trickle charging both
the batteries simultaneously. Equipment shall be provided to enable the
state of charge of the batteries to be determined.

2.2.3.9 Tools

A standard kit of tools shall be provided with the engine and kept on hand
at all times.

2.2.3.10 Spare Parts

The following spare parts shall be supplied with the engine and kept on
hand.

a) two sets of fuel filters, elements and seals.

b) two sets of lubricating oil filters, elements and seals.
c) two sets of belts (where used)
d) one complete set of engine joints, gaskets and hoses.
e) two injector nozzles
f) one complete set of piston rings for each cylinder
g) one inlet valve and one exhaust valve.

2.2.3.11 Engine Exercising

The test shall be for a period of atleast five minutes each day. Where
closed circuit cooling systems are used the water level in the primary
system shall be checked at the time of carrying out each test and, if
necessary, water shall be added during the course of the test procedure.

2.2.3.12 A written declaration shall be given that the following conditions will be
strictly complied with:

a) to test the engine atleast once a week

b) to maintain the temperature of the engine room at not less than 4.50 C
at all times.
c) to maintain the minimum quantity of fuel oil required as desired in these
clauses.
d) to use a good grade of fuel oil equivalent in quality to that specified by
the engine maker.
e) to keep on hand the spare parts required as specified in 2.2.3.11.
2.3 DETECTION SYSTEM

Detection systems are designed to detect one or more of three

characteristics of a Fire, i.e. smoke, heat and radiation. No one type of
detector is most suitable for all applications and final choice will depend on
individual circumstances.

In any automatic fire detection system, a detector has to discriminate

between a fire and the normal environmental conditions. The overall
objective of the system is intended not only to enable a fire to be detected
at an early stage of its occurrence but also to extinguish the fire without
extensive property damage.

In case of water spray systems, detection systems are required for

activating the Deluge system for the following applications: -

a) General Area Protection (indoors)

b) Horizontal and Vertical vessels (outdoors)
c) Spherical vessels (outdoors)
d) Transformers (outdoors and indoors)
e) Spot protection such as oil tanks, Turbo-alternator sets, pipe lines etc.
(outdoors and indoors).

For most of the above protections, sprinklers are found in extensive

application in view of their reliability. Sprinklers are not fast enough for
certain applications e.g., General areas like open-sided Bottling plants for
LPG and the like, open-sided chemical plants handling low flashing solvents
etc..., where a quick detection is required to avoid an inferno or a possible
Bleve. For such specialised applications, the Committee is in the process of
exploring other types of detection systems. At present, sprinkler is being
accepted as a detector for all applications in case of water spray systems.
The present rules cover detection by sprinkler only. However, other type of
detections e.g. in cable galleries/conveyor by LHS cables, in warehouses by
smoke/R.O.R. detectors etc. will be acceptable to the Committee
provided full details of such systems with design philosophy are made
available to the Committee in advance.

The design of detection system by sprinklers varies from risk to risk in case of
water spray systems. Hence the different methods have been separately
covered under each section. However, there are certain requirements
which are common to all types of protection and only such requirements
are listed in Rules below.

2.3.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2.3.1.1 The sprinkler piping shall not be less than 25 mm diameter anywhere.

2.3.1.2 The total pipeline volume shall not be less than 10 Litres. (0.01m3)

2.3.1.3 The pressure in the detection system shall, in no case, exceed 3.5 bars.

2.3.1.4 The detection piping shall slope to drain at least 1 in 250 with drain valves
provided at the lowest point.
2.3.1.5 For pneumatic separate air compressor shall be provided for the detection
system. The air compressor shall be installed in the Fire pump room. Where it
is not possible, the air compressor room shall be separated from the
occupancies adjoining therewith as per rule 2.2.1.12 above.

2.3.1.6 Wherever possible in case of pneumatic systems stand-by air compressor

may be installed or supplies from process and utility compressors may be
connected as an alternate supply to the detection system.

2.3.1.7 As far as possible, the detection piping shall be run alongside the
underground spray mains but run independently of other pipes, either
underground or aboveground. The piping shall be suitably protected
against impact damage in the case of the latter.

2.3.1.8 The detection piping shall not traverse underneath or through any
Working/Storage blocks or Tank farms/Materials stored in open.

2.3.1.9 The temperature rating of the detector sprinkler shall be at least 30o C
above the highest ambient temperature at the site of installation.

2.3.1.10 The detection piping and equipment installed in corrosive areas shall be
applied with protective coatings.

2.3.1.11 The detection piping and equipment shall be supported independently as

far as possible.

2.3.1.12 The detection piping/equipment shall be laid away from not sources such
as heat exchangers, furnaces, ovens etc. in order to avoid possible false
alarms.

2.3.1.13 Sprinkler heads shall be provided with guards in areas where they are
susceptible to mechanical damage and care shall be taken to see that the
guards do not interfere with the spray pattern in the vicinity.

2.3.1.14 The detection system shall be designed to cause actuation of the Deluge
Valve within 20 seconds under expected exposure conditions.

2.3.1.15 It is recommended to provide baffle plates for detectors where situation

warrants.

2.4.1 PIPING

2.4.1.1 The pipe used in the water spray system (from Pump House upto the deluge
valve) shall be laid underground or in masonry culverts with removable
covers of incombustible construction and shall be of any one of the
following types: -

a) Cast iron double flanged Class ‘A’ pipes conforming to the following
standards:

i) Horizontally Cast Iron Pipes - IS:7181

ii) Vertically Cast Iron Pipes - IS:1537
 iii) Centrifugal Cast (Spun) Iron Pipes - IS:1536

Note: In case of vertically cast pipes, where the nominal diameter of

the pipes exceeds 300 mm or where the pump delivery pressure
exceeds 7 kg/sq.cm., class ‘B’ pipes would be necessary.

b) Centrifugal Cast (Spun) Iron Class ‘A’ Pipes with Tyton Joints - IS : 1536.
c) Wrought or mild steel pipes (galvanised or ungalvanised) or ‘Medium’
grade conforming to IS:1239 and IS: 1978 or Electric-Resistance-welded
steel pipes conforming to IS:3589 having welded joints and coated and
wrapped as per IS:10221-code of Practice for Coating and Wrapping of
underground mildsteel pipelines.
d) Welded and Seamless Steel Pipe - ASTM A53
e) Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe - ASTM A135
f) Black and Hot-Dipped Zinc-Coated (Galvanised) Welded and Seamless
Steel Pipe for Fire Protection Use.
g) Wrought Steel Pipe - ASTM B36.10

Note: At least 10% of all the welded joints shall be radiographically tested
and half of the joints radiographed shall be field joints.

2.4.1.2 Underground pipes shall be laid not less than 1m below ground level.
Where soil conditions are unsatisfactory, masonry or equivalent supports
shall be provided at regular intervals.

Note: In case of poor soil conditions, it may be necessary to provide

continuous masonry or equivalent supports.

2.4.1.3 Pipes may be laid above ground with the prior permission of the
Committee. Pipes above ground shall be of ‘Medium’ grade wrought or
mild steel (galvanised or ungalvanised) conforming to Is : 1239 or IS : 3589 or
as listed in items (d), (e), (f), (g) above with welded, threaded or flanged
joints, shall be adequately supported at regular intervals not exceeding
3.5m and shall be run at least 6m away from the face of the buildings or
battery limit or open storage areas in case of High Velocity Water Spray
Systems and 15m in case of Medium Velocity Water Spray Systems.

2.4.1.4 Pipes shall not be laid under buildings or plant areas or storages areas. As
far as possible, pipes shall not be laid under large open storage, railroads
and roads carrying heavy traffic.

2.4.1.5 Pipes shall not traverse ground, which is not under the control of the owner
of the installation. Pipes shall also not pass through public roadways.

2.4.1.6 The underground piping network shall be capable of withstanding for two
hours a pressure equivalent to 150% of the maximum working pressure.

2.4.1.7 All bolt holes in flanges shall be drilled. Drilling of each flange shall be in
accordance with the relevant Indian Standards, or ASTM Standards or
British Standards.

2.4.1.8 Flanges shall be faced and have jointing of rubber insertions or asbestos
compound.
2.4.1.9 For the system piping network above deluge valve, piping shall be
galvanised internally and externally.

Note : However, wrought steel or mild steel pipes of ‘heavy’ grade

conforming to IS-1239 may also be used with proper anticorrosive
coating or treatment.

2.4.1.10 Welded joints shall not be permitted for pipes of less than 50mm dia.

Note: Where joints with odd angles are encountered, reference shall be
made to the Committee.

2.4.2 FITTINGS

2.4.2.1 Fittings installed underground shall be of cast iron ‘heavy’ grade

conforming to IS : 1538 or BS : 2035, whereas those installed above ground
shall be of ‘medium’ grade wrought steel or mild steel conforming to IS :
1239 (part II) or malleable iron fittings conforming to IS : 1879 (Part I to X).

2.4.2.2 All fittings shall be able to withstand atleast a pressure 150% of the working
pressure.

2.4.2.3 For the system-piping network above deluge valve, galvanised fittings shall
be used.

Note: However, wrought or mild steel fittings of “Heavy” grade conforming

to IS 1239 (Part II) may also be used with proper anticorrosive coating
or treatment.

2.4.2.4 Welded fittings in accordance with the laid down welding procedure are
permitted. Welded parts shall be galvanised or suitably coated after
welding as per the requirement of the areas to be protected by the system
(i.e. chemical and electrolytic corrosion).

2.5 DELUGE VALVES

A Deluge system is a fixed fire protection system, which totally floods an

area with pressurised water through a system of piping with open nozzles
and/or sprinklers. The system piping is empty until the Controlling valve is
activated by a pneumatic or other types of release systems. Such
controlling valves which are quick opening in nature are called “Deluge
Valves”. The Deluge Valve Assembly consists mainly of the following :-

a) In line Strainer
b) Isolation Valve
c) Deluge Valve
d) Actuator/Pilot assembly
e) Drain Valve
f) Pressure Gauges (above and below the Deluge Valve)
g) Alarm assembly (Consisting of gong or sounder)
 Varieties of Deluge Valves with different working principles are available
and hence it is necessary that the valves shall have prior approval of Tariff
Advisory Committee.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

The Deluge Valve has an inlet, outlet and priming chamber. The inlet and
outlet are separated from the priming chamber by the valve chamber and
diaphragm. In the “SET” position, pressure is applied to the priming
chamber through a restricted prime line. The pressure is trapped in the
priming chamber and holds the clapper on the seat due to the differential
design. In the set position, the clapper separates the inlet from the outlet
keeping the system piping dry. When the pressure is released from priming
chamber faster than it is supplied through the restricted priming line, the
clapper moves and allows the inlet water supply to flow through the outlet
into the system and associated alarm device.

The mode of actuation of Deluge Valve can be pneumatic or hydraulic

type or a combination of both. Where other types of valves are proposed,
reference shall be made to the Committee in advance with full details for
consideration.

2.5.1 REQUIREMENTS OF INSTALLATION

a) Deluge Valve shall be installed outside of but adjacent to the protected

area as close to the risk as possible but at not less than 6M from the
plant and/or equipment to be protected.
b) Masonry enclosures shall be provided around the deluge valve in the
form of Barrier walls in such a way that the valve is not exposed to any
impact due to flying bodies or projectiles from the plant and/or
equipment in the vicinity and also for weather protection.
c) Isolating valves shall be provided below the Deluge Valves to enable
servicing thereof and cleaning strainers at regular intervals.
d) Isolating valves shall provided above the Deluge valve in addition, for
testing purposes.
e) The isolating valves shall be strapped and locked in “Open” position by
leather straps or nylon chains and pad-locks under normal operating
condition.
f) Emergency Manual override facility shall be provided for actuating the
Deluge Valve.
g) It is permissible to provide a manually operated bypass line with an
isolating valve for emergency requirements. Such valves shall always be
kept locked in “Closed” position.
h) The load on the Deluge valve shall not exceed the limits mentioned
below :-
VALVE SIZE IN MM LPM

150 mm 13,500
100 mm 5,000
80 mm 1,150
 -
-
-
i) Indicators shall be provided to show the open and closed positions.
j) Facility shall be provided to prime the space above the deluge valve
seat with water.
k) It must be ensured that there is no possibility of water leaking back into
the instrument air supply in the event of diaphragm failure.
l) A suitable, durable, robust and clearly visible instruction plate shall be
permanently secured to each assembly and shall detail clearly and
concisely the following procedures:

Start up (or operation)

Test
Shut down
Drain

2.6 DRAINAGE

Adequate provisions shall be made to promptly and effectively dispose of

all liquids from the fire area during operation of all systems in the fire area.
Such provisions shall be adequate for
a) Water discharged from fixed fire protection systems at maximum flow
conditions.
b) Water likely to be discharged by hose streams.
c) Surface water.
d) Cooling water normally discharged to the systems.
There are four methods generally adopted for disposal and/or containment
i.e. Grading, Diking, Trenching, Underground or enclosed drain systems.
The method used in drainage shall be governed by
a) The extent of the hazard.
b) Clear space available.
c) The protection required.
2.6.1 Where the hazard is low, the clear space is adequate and the degree of
protection required is not great, grading is acceptable. Where these
conditions are not present, consideration shall be given to dikes, trenches
or underground or enclosed drains.
2.6.2 Where grading is employed, a slope of not less than 1% shall be necessary.
Concrete surfacing is mostly desirable, however, other hard surfacing are
acceptable.
2.6.3 Where diking is employed, the drainage arrangements thereof shall
conform to Indian Petroleum Rules in all respects.
2.6.4 Where trenching, underground or enclosed drains are employed reference
shall be made to the Committee with full particulars for approval.
++++++ +
 SECTION - 3

HIGH VELOCITY WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

3.1 INTRODUCTION

As already explained in the Preface, High Velocity water spray systems are
installed to extinguish fires involving liquids with flash points of 650 C (1500 F)
or higher. Three principles of extinguishment are employed in the system -
emulsification, cooling and smothering. The result of applying these
principles is to extinguish the fire within a few seconds. For more details,
attention is drawn to Section 6 of the Rules.
This section provides Rules and guidelines for the protection of the
following.

a) Transformers, oil filled equipments of power stations

b) Turbo-alternators and other
c) Oil fired boiler rooms, oil quenching tanks.

3.2 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION

3.2.1 GENERAL

3.2.1.1 Transformer protection shall contemplate on essentially complete

impingement on all exterior surfaces except the underside, which may be
protected by horizontal projection.

3.2.1.2 Transformer present particular design problems for Water spray protection,
primarily due to their irregular shape and necessary clearances to be
provided for the high voltage equipment. Generally speaking, there is
much more interference with the water flow on the sides of the transformer
than at their top. Due to this reason the protection usually involves a large
number of small capacity projectors than a few bigger ones. Often it will be
necessary to put more water on the transformer than required to achieve
complete impingement and total envelopment.

3.2.1.3 Hence it is necessary to submit the following informations with detailed

drawings to check the design of spray system of a transformer:

a) Length of the Transformer

b) Width of the Transformer
c) Height of the Transformer
d) Location and height of Bushings
e) Size and location of oil conservator tank
f) Location of Switch Boxes, Tap changing gears and other equipment
that obstruct and interfere with water distribution.
g) Specification such as KVA rating, voltage rating, Oil quantity etc.
h) Details showing the direction of incoming and outgoing cabling and
ducting.
i) Details of flooring on which the transformer is installed and nature of
floor around the transformer such as concrete, asphalt, pebble filled
etc.
j) Elevation of Transformer above the grade.
 k) Size and location of Fire barrier walls.
l) Sitting of radiators and cooler banks in relation to the Transformer and
the surrounding ground level.
m) Protection and Detection piping in different colors.
n) Projector characteristics showing the ‘K’ factor, cone angle, discharge
in LPM, and effective reach.

The drawings shall clearly show top, sides and bottom of the Transformer
and also isometric views showing all the above details shall be submitted.
Also, the piping, explosion vents, flanges etc. must be clearly shown.

3.2.1.4 The projection from the surfaces like ribbings, tap changers, cable boxes
etc. would “roof off” the downward flow of water and hence “run down”
cannot be automatically considered. Such “roofed off” areas will require
specific spray coverage with additional projector.

3.2.1.5 ELECTRICAL CLEARANCE

All system components shall be so located as to maintain minimum

clearances from live parts as shown below in Table 1.

“Clearance” is the air distance between Water Spray Equipment including

piping nozzles and detectors and un-insulated live electrical components
at other than ground potential. The minimum clearances specified in table
1 are under normal conditions. During the operation of Water Spray system,
they are intended for use as safe. The values stated are as per requirements
of National Electrical Code published by the Bureau of Indian Standards,
India.

TABLE - 1

MAXIMUM RMS VALUE MINIMUM DISTANCE OF MINIMUM DISTANCE OF

OF RATED OPERATION INSTALLATION SUBJECT TO INSTALLATIONS PROTECTED
VOLTAGE OVER VOLTAGES AGAINST OVER VOLTAGES OR
(KV) (MM) CONNECTED TO CABLES (MM)

10 150 150
20 215 160
30 325 270
45 520 380
60 700 520
110 1100 950
150 1550 1350
220 2200 1850
400 3500 3000

Note: If the clearance around the transformer [outdoor and indoor] is

likely to be affected by the spray pipe network, specific reference
shall be made to the Committee.

3.2.1.6 Pipeline strainers shall be of approved type for use in water supply
connections. Strainers must be capable of removing from the water all
 solids of sufficient size to obstruct the spray nozzles (normally 3.2 mm
perforations are suitable). In addition, the strainer must be capable of
continuous operation without serious increase in head loss, for a period
estimated to be ample when considering the type of protection
provided, the condition of the water and similar local circumstances. In
addition, pipeline strainers must incorporate a flush out connection.
Individual strainers for spray nozzles where required must be capable of
removing from the water all solids of sufficient size to obstruct the spray
nozzle they serve.

3.2.2 Water Supplies

The effective exclusive capacity of the reservoir/tank (above the level of

the foot valve seat by a height equivalent to three times the diameter of
the suction pipe in case of negative suction and above the level of suction
of the puddle flange or the level of the top of pump casing whichever is
higher by a height equivalent to three times the diameter of the suction
pipe in case of positive suction) shall not be less than 40 minutes run for the
aggregate pumping capacity for the spray system.

3.2.3 GENERAL LAYOUT AND DESIGN

3.2.3.1 Transformers shall be protected using rings of nozzles there around with the
top of the transformer and subsequently rings for every 3M from top to
bottom thereof and beneath each continuous obstruction. The rings shall
not be located at more than 1M of the transformer.

3.2.3.2 Projectors shall be employed to spray water horizontally at the bottom if the
transformer is at more than 300mm above ground level.

3.2.3.3 In case of transformers surrounded by concrete or asphalted surfaces,

projectors must be employed in such a way as to wash off flammable
liquids away from transformers.

3.2.3.4 Projectors

3.2.3.4.1 The projector shall not be less than 6 mm orifice in size.

3.2.3.4.2 Projectors protecting the top shall be aimed at an angle so that all of the
water impinges upon the transformer, the spray pattern targeting either
the top of the transformer or partly the top and partly the sides.

3.2.3.4.3 Projectors protecting the vertical sides and the bottom of the transformer
shall point directly on the surfaces to be protected.

3.2.3.4.4 Projectors protecting irregular areas shall be located for the best
coverage.

3.2.3.4.5 Projectors protecting the space between transformers and radiators

and/or space between radiators shall be so located as to spray directly
into the open space.

3.2.3.4.6 Projectors shall cover the oil pipe joints and flanges, if any.
3.2.3.5 FIRE BARRIER WALLS

3.2.3.5.1 Fire barrier walls shall be constructed between the

Transformers/Equipment and these walls shall be of either 355mm thick
brick or 200mm thick RCC and carried atleast 600mm above the highest
point of equipment to be protected.

3.2.3.5.2 Fire barrier wall shall be constructed between the

Transformers/Equipment, which are not spaced at distances mentioned
in the table below -

OIL CAPACITY OF INDIVIDUALCLEAR

DISTANCE (IN MTS.)
SEPARATING TRANSFORMERS (IN LTS.)

Upto 5000 6.0 M

Between 5001 and 10000 8.0 M
Between 10001 and 20000 10.0 M
Between 20001 and 30000 12.5 M
Over 30000 15.0 M

3.2.3.5.3 In the absence of walls as stated in Rule 3.2.3.5.1 or clear separating

distances as stated in Rule 3.2.3.5.2, the pressure and flow demand shall
be based on the aggregate requirements for all such
Transformers/Equipment and pipe size, pumping capacity and water
requirements shall accordingly be designed.

3.2.3.6 System Design

3.2.3.6.1 Density of Discharge

Water shall be applied at a rate of not less than 10.2 LPM/M2 of the
surface area of the entire Transformer including the bottom surface,
radiators, conservators etc.

3.2.3.6.2 Distribution of Projectors and the Layout of Piping

3.2.3.6.2.1 Projectors on the rings shall be located at not less than 500mm and not
more than 800mm from the Transformer/Equipment surface.

3.2.3.6.2.2 The horizontal and vertical distances between the projectors shall be
maintained in such a way that their spray patterns intersect on the
surface of the Transformer/Equipment.

3.2.3.6.2.3 Obstructed or “roofed off” portions (see rule 3.2.1.4) of the Transformers
Shall be protected by separate projectors. For this purpose, it will be
permissible to extend pipes from the nearest ring by means of a nipple.
The terminal pipes extended from the ring mains shall need separate
supports if they are 600mm or longer.
3.2.3.6.2.4 Where Radiators or Cooler Banks are located at more than 300mm from
the surrounding ground level, undersides shall be protected by projectors
pointing upwards.

3.2.3.6.2.5 Where Radiator/Cooler Bank are spaced more than 300 mm apart
and where the Transformer is separated at a distance of more than 300
mm from the Radiator/Cooler Bank, projectors shall be so arranged to
spray into the space. Projector angles shall be so selected that the Cone
diameters at the entrance of space is equal to or slightly larger than the
space.

3.2.3.6.2.6 For unobstructed vertical surface, the maximum vertical distance

between projectors shall be 3M. However, for obstructed surface the
distance shall be governed by the nature of obstruction.

3.2.3.6.2.7 The system shall be hydraulically so designed that the pressure at the
hydraulically most remote projectors in the network is not less than 3.5
bars in case of an Outdoor Transformer and 2.8 bars in case of an Indoor
Transformer. However, the maximum pressure in any Projector within a
network shall not exceed 5 bars. The velocity in the feed pipes shall not
exceed 10M/second.

3.2.4 DETECTION SYSTEM FOR TRANSFORMERS

Automatic detection equipment shall be so located and adjusted as to

operate reliably. The location of detectors shall be based on several
factors such as nature of hazard, air velocity, temperature variations,
configuration of the hazard, indoor or outdoor, open or closed structures
and other variables. For Transformers, the detector sprinklers shall be as
close to the shell as possible at all places subject to electrical clearance.

3.2.4.1 Outdoor Transformers

3.2.4.1.1 There shall be a ring of detectors around the top of the transformer and a
second ring around the base.

Pipework is likely to be affected by stray magnetic fields that can produce

inductive heating if there is a continuous metallic ring. Hence continuous
ring mains shall be avoided.

3.2.4.1.2 The detectors shall be spaced at a maximum of 2.5 M intervals.

3.2.4.1.3 The detectors shall be close to the transformer as possible and shall in no
case, be farther than 300 mm therefrom.

3.2.4.1.4 Additional detectors shall be required for specific known hazard points
such as tap changers, cable boxes, vents, oil piping etc.

3.2.4.1.5 Coolers and Radiator banks associated with the Transformer shall be
provided with detectors at two levels in a manner similar to that called for
in rule 3.2.4.1.1 above.

3.2.4.1.6 The flanges of oil pipes shall be within 300 mm from detectors.
3.2.4.1.7 The conservator tanks shall be provided with detectors at 2.5 M spacing.
It is sufficient to install detectors under the conservator tanks.

3.2.4.1.8 Piping shall be individually supported as far as possible. Transformer

ribbings may be used to support the piping. In no case, shall the piping
be supported on the body of the Transformer.

3.2.4.1.9 Terminal pipes (other than those for Projectors protecting “roofed off”
portions) longer than 300 mm shall be supported separately.

3.2.4.2 Indoor Transformers.

3.2.4.2.1 Where the Transformer cubicle is less than 6 meters in height, the
detectors shall be positioned in accordance with the Committee’s
Sprinkler Regulations i.e. at a maximum spacing of 4 meters with an area
coverage of not more than 12 M2 over the risk.

3.2.4.2.2 Where the Transformer cubicle is more than 6 meters in height, the
detectors shall be positioned as close to the Transformer as possible to
the top of the Transformer.

3.2.4.2.3 Where the Transformer Cubicle is open fronted, the same shall be treated
as an Outdoor Transformer with detectors as per clauses under rule 3.2.4.1
above.

3.3 Miscellaneous protection

High velocity water spray systems are also provided for the protection of
following areas in Power Stations:

a) Burners, Air preheating systems, Lubricating oil systems.

b) Hydrogen cooling and seal oil systems.
c) Inside Turbo - alternator sets.
d) Clean and dirty oil tanks, paraffin tanks.

The protection is normally localized and hence deemed as ‘spot’

protections as only equipment are protected and not the whole area
where the equipment are installed. The details of the design for protection
of the above area shall be submitted to the concerned Regional Office of
the Committee in advance showing the lay-out of equipment, their
configuration, location of projectors and detectors etc., alongwith detailed
drawings for prior approval.

+++++++
 SECTION - 4

MEDIUM VELOCITY WATER- SPRAY SYSTEM

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.1.1 As already explained in the Preface, Medium Velocity Water Spray

Systems are installed to control the burning and to provide cooling
and/or exposure protection to such risks where extinguishment is always
not possible or even desirable e.g. fires involving flammable fluids having
flash points below 650 C (1500 F). These 600 C systems are also used
sometimes for power station applications in coal conveyors, cable
galleries etc.

4.1.2 This section provides Rules and guidelines for the protection of the
following areas by Medium Velocity Water Spray system:

a) General Area Protection

(For example: - working plants like LPG bottling plants, chemical

plants where flammable solvents are stored and/or used etc..)

b) Horizontal storage vessels (for example LPG Bullets etc.)

c) Vertical storage vessels (for example - Benzene, Xylene, Toluene

tankage).

d) Spherical storage vessels (for example LPG bullets, spheres etc.)

e) Spot protection (protection of selective areas/equipments)

4.2 Water Supplies

The effective exclusive capacity of the reservoir/tank (above the level of

suction of the puddle flange or the level of the top of pump casing
whichever is higher by a height equivalent to three times the diameter of
the suction pipe) shall be as follows:

a) 90 minutes of the installed pumping capacity if the aggregate hold-

up of flammable fluid/solvent in vessels/tanks at one location is less
than 200 MT.

b) 150 minutes of the installed pumping capacity if the aggregate hold-

up of flammable fluid/solvent in the vessels/tanks at one location is
more than 200 MT.

For the purpose of the above, all storage vessels within 50M of each other
shall be considered as one location.

4.2 Pumping Capacity

 To determine the actual pumping capacity required for the system,
individual demands of various detached blocks within the risk shall be
determined based on the design details given in the following sections.
The pumping capacity required shall be equivalent to the highest of the
demands thus calculated.

4.3 GENERAL AREA PROTECTION

4.4.1 DEFINITION

A process plant where flammable liquids are contained in vessels and/or

pipes forming a large or small complex of the plant either in a room or
outdoors or under a roof with open sides would be classified as a
‘General area’. A plant wherein more than 1000 litres of flammable
liquids/solvents are stored in small containers would also be classified as a
‘General area’

4.4.2 GENERAL INFORMATION

The density of water application shall depend upon the type of

flammable liquids handled in the plants and also upon the object of
protection and site conditions. The examples include:-

a) Controlled burning of spilt liquid.

b) Exposure protection of plant and its structure.

c) Ceiling height of the risk.

d) Area of the fire involved and

e) Type of containers holding the flammable liquid.

4.4.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

4.4.3.1 Sprayers installed at ceiling level shall provide general area protection for
spill fires and of uninsulated structural steel columns/trusses upto 3M from
the ceiling sprayers.

4.4.3.2 If the ceilings or roofs are of either A.C. sheet or G.I. sheet and the like or
combustible materials, additional open type sprinklers shall be provided
exclusively to protect them with a degree of wetting.

4.4.3.3 Where the height of ceiling/roof of the plant exceeds 13M from the
flooring below, conventional open type sprinklers shall be employed
instead of sprayers.

4.4.3.4 Vessels, Drums, Pumps, Valves, Manifolds and flammable liquid pipes
inside the plant shall need to be protected by sprayers installed at a
lower level.

4.4.3.5 If there are obstructions extending below the ceiling sprayers and they
are more than 1 M in width, underneath of such obstructions shall be
protected by local sprayers.
4.4.3.6 Structural steel work supporting access platforms, catwalks, ladders etc,
may be protected by separate sprayers.

4.4.3.7 As far as possible, the sprayers installed at lower levels (see rule 4.4.3.4,
4.4.3.5 and 4.4.3.6) shall be provided with baffle plates.

4.4.3.8 Full detailed drawings the following shall be submitted alongwith the
proposal :

i) Plan and sectional views of the risk floor wise showing the
dimensions of the block, equipment lay-out, nature of floors/roof,
minimum and maximum ceiling height etc.,

ii) Columns, beams and trusses of the supporting structure.

iii) The working details of sprayers, sprinklers, detectors, their piping, their
spacing, zone division etc.,

iv) Location of deluge valves, piping, detector piping, detector piping,

their sizes etc.,

v) Typical mounting arrangements of sprayers, sprinklers, detectors etc.,

vi) Separate drawing showing the various nodes only, for hydraulic
calculation.,

vii) Characteristic curves of sprayers and sprinklers showing their pattern,

orifice size, K factor, Spray angle, discharge in LPM etc.,

viii) Full details of the liquid handled indicating their Quantity, chemical
properties etc.,

ix) Upto-date block plan showing clearly the distances between various
blocks, underground tank, mains and their size, detector mains,
deluge valves, Pump house, water reservoir etc.,

x) A detailed note on the protection scheme elucidating the design

philosophy.

4.4.4 DESIGN DENSITY

4.4.4.1 The density of water application depends upon the flash point of the
liquids handled and also the ceiling height of the risk. The correct rate of
density shall be derived from Figure - 9.

NOTE: The ceiling height to be used in determining the density shall be

the minimum distance between the floor level of the plant and
the ceiling.

4.4.4.2 The density obtained as above shall be loaded by the fire area factor
{[b(a+b)]/900} + 0.33 where ‘a’ is the longer side and ‘b’ is the shorter
side of the fire area measured in metres. If the risk is circular in shape ‘a’
may be treated equal to ‘b’ and same if it is square. If it is rectangular
 and ‘a’ is more than ‘3b’, it shall be taken as equal to ‘3b’ irrespective of
the dimensions.

NOTE 1: If the factor calculated is less than 1, the same may be taken as
1.

NOTE 2: After loading the basic density with the fire area factor, if the
density works out to be greater than that of close control needs,
the same may be taken as that of the latter.

4.4.5 LAYOUT OF PROTECTION NETWORK

4.4.5.1 The discharge cone angles of the sprayers shall be selected from Figure
10, which relates height of the risk with the required angle. Any angle
within the shaded area is deemed acceptable.

NOTE 1: If the height of the risk exceeds 13 M, conventional sprinklers

(open type) shall be installed.

NOTE 2: Where heights of less than a metre are encountered, sprayers

with discharge cone angles of 1000. shall only be installed.

4.4.5.2 There shall be atleast one sprayer to each 9 M2 area of the floor of the
risk.

4.4.5.3 The distance adjoining sprayers shall not exceed 3M anywhere.

4.4.5.4 The distance between the last sprayer and the external wall or limits of the
area shall not exceed 1.5 M anywhere.

4.4.5.4.1 The sprayer piping shall be installed along the slope of the roof (in case of
sloping roof) but the sprayers shall discharge water on the risk in a vertical
pattern.

4.4.5.5 In case of grating floors or perforated floors, the General Area Protection
as per curve ‘A’ shall be provided under the lowest floor. Under the other
floors the sprayers shall be provided to discharge on to the floor below
equipments, structural steel etc., at a rate of not less than 10.2 LPM/M2.

NOTE: In case of R.C.C. floors, each floor shall be protected at the same
density as determined in rule 4.4.4.1.

4.4.5.6 Equipment Protection

a) If the tops of the vessels are more than 5 M below the ceiling and/or
platform, individual local protection shall be provided by sprayers at a
density of not less than 10.2 LPM/M2 to cover top and sides thereof.

b) Any obstructions below the ceiling sprayers if exceeding 1 M in width,

shall be protected underneath by individual sprayers at the same
density.
 c) Similarly, undersurface of vessels and equipment if raised 300 mm
above the floor level shall be wetted by individual sprayers at the
same density.

d) Pumps, valves and manifolds etc.., shall be totally wetted by individual

sprayers at the same density.

4.4.6 STRUCTURAL PROTECTION

4.4.6.1 In all cases, the load bearing structural steelwork for the plant and the
roof, at levels exceeding 3 M below the sprayer at ceiling level shall be
wetted at a rate of not less than 10.2 LPM/M2 over the surface area of the
structural members.

Note: Un-interrupted ‘Run down’ upto 4.5 M below the level of sprayers is
permissible.

4.4.6.2 Columns and Beams shall be wetted on each side of the steel sections by
staggering the sprayers.
4.4.6.3 Any other structural steel work (whether load bearing or not) which can
be subjected to flame-impingement shall also be wetted at not less than 10.2
LPM/M2.

4.4.6.4 Roof protection

a) To provide wetting for the roof, conventional open type sprinklers shall be
installed in such a way that there is at least one sprinkler for every 9 M2
area of the roof.
 b) Lay out of such sprinklers shall be in accordance with those for sprayers as
stated in Rules 4.4.5.2 and 4.4.5.3 above.

c) Sprinklers shall be installed normal to the roof and piping shall be laid
along the roof (in case of sloping roof).

4.4.7 PIPING AND SUPPORTS

4.4.7.1 Sprayer and sprinkler pipes shall be supported from the building structure
which itself shall be capable of supporting the water filled pipe work and shall
not impair the performance of sprayers/sprinklers under fire condition.

4.4.7.2 Pipe-work shall not be used to support any other loads except where
primary support is designed for the suspension of piped services.

4.4.7.3 Distribution pipes shall not be supported from ceiling or cladding or from
any other associated suspension systems.

4.4.7.4 Pipes below obstructions such as duct work shall be either supported from
the building structure or from the steel members supporting such obstructions.
Such members shall be capable of supporting the weight of water filled pipes
too.

4.4.7.5 Hangers shall not be welded or fastened directly to the pipework.

4.4.7.6 The supports on which the pipe work rests shall be secured firmly in
position.

4.4.7.7 The thickness of all parts of pipe supports shall not be less than 3 mm.

4.4.7.8 Wherever possible, pipes shall be supported from non-combustible

building elements.

4.4.7.9 Pipe work in corrosive areas shall be suitably protected against corrosion.

4.4.7.10 The distance between the pipe supports measured along the line of
connected pipes (whether the pipes run vertically, horizontally or at
angles) shall not be less than the following:

SPACING

DIAMETER
Upto 65 mm 4M
Between 65 mm and 100 mm 6M
Between 100 mm and 250 mm 6.5 M

4.4.7.11 Distribution pipes

a) The first support on a nominally horizontal distribution pipe shall not

be at more than 2 M from the main distribution pipe.
 b) The last support on a nominally horizontal distribution pipe shall not
be more than 450 mm from the end.

c) Drop or rise pipes shall be secured to the building structure either

directly at the adjacent nominally horizontal part of the pipe within 300
mm of the drop or rise.

4.4.7.12 Range pipes

a) Atleast one support shall be provided for

1. Each pipe run connecting adjacent

sprayer/sprinkler, and

2. The pipe run connecting the distribution pipe and the first
sprayer/sprinkler on the range pipe.

b) Pipe supports shall not be closer than 150 mm to any

sprayer/sprinkler axial central line.

c) The first support on a range pipe shall not be more than 2 M from the
distribution pipe.

d) The last support on a range pipe shall not be more than 1.5 M from

1. The range pipe end or

2. Where there is a horizontal arm pipe of 450 mm or longer, the
arm pipe end: or

3. Where there is a drop or rise exceeding 600 mm, the drop or

rise pipe end.

4.4.7.13 Welded joints shall not be permitted for pipes and fittings of less than 50
mm dia.

4.4.7.14 Outgoing mains from the deluge valve to the system shall be supported at
every 3.5 M of its run.

4.4.8 HYDRAULICS

4.4.8.1 For the protection of large areas, it is permissible to divide the risk into
several zones of not less than 6 M in width and all zones in plan view of
the risk falling within 6 M from any point within a zone shall operate
simultaneously.

Note: In order to provide protection against exposure hazard from the

other detached block(s) in the vicinity, reference shall be made
to the Regional Office of the Committee.

4.4.8.2 Each zone shall be controlled by an individual Deluge Valve and flow
through the valves shall not be more than the following:

DELUGE VALVE SIZE (mm) DISCHARGE FLOW (LPM)

 150 13,500
100 5,000
80 1,150

4.4.8.3 Each zone shall be so designed that the pressure at the hydraulically
most un-favourable sprayer/sprinkler is not less than 1.4 bars and that at
the most favourable sprayer/sprinkler is not more than 3.5 bars and that
the velocity in distribution pipes shall not exceed 5 M/Sec.

4.4.8.4 Detailed hydraulic calculations in support of the above shall be

submitted for each zone. Orifice plates, if required, shall be fitted just
above the deluge valves to keep pressures within the above limits.

4.4.8.5 The aggregate pumping capacity shall be determined by the largest

demand arising out of combination of deluge valves when zones
concerned operate simultaneously.

4.4.9 Detection System

4.4.9.1 The installation and layout of detection system shall be governed by

the layout of the water spray system. The detection network shall be
similar to the sprayer network viz. there shall be same number of detectors
as there are number of sprayers.

4.4.9.2 The detection piping shall be independently supported as far as possible

and care shall be taken not to support other pipes on detection network.

4.5 PROTECTION OF HORIZONTAL CYLINDRICAL STORAGE VESSELS

4.5.1 Proposal for the protection of Horizontal Vessels shall be accompanied by

full detailed dimensional working drawings showing the following :-

a) Plan, elevation and end view

b) Site plan showing the location of all vessels, their spacing etc.

c) The protuberances such as valves, drains, manholes, flanges,

ladders, supporting legs etc.

d) Bund area and product pipes within

e) Protection and detection piping in different colours

f) Sprayers’ characteristics showing the ‘K’ factor, cone angle and

discharge in LPM.

4.5.2 GENERAL

4.5.2.1 The complete exposed area of the horizontal storage vessel shall need to
be protected at a uniform density of water application.
4.5.2.2 It is also necessary to protect the supporting legs and the product pipes
within the bund area (if provided) by sprayers.

Note 1: Supporting steel members need not be protected if they are 300
mm or shorter in height.

Note 2: Where Tankage area is not provided with bund walls, product
pipes within 15 M of tank shell shall be protected by the sprayers.

Note 3: Also other occupancies such as pump house, loading shed, etc.
falling within 15m. of the tank shell shall be protected by the
sprayers.

4.5.2.3 The protection network shall be fabricated in the form of horizontal rows of
sprayers connected by piping, in rings. The number of rows required shall
be governed by the diameter of the vessel, in accordance with the
Sprayer Application Charts C, D and E (Figures 11, 12 & 13).

4.5.2.4 The sprayers shall not be less than 6 mm in orifice size and shall normally
have cone angles between 60oand 125o.

Note: Sprayers with cone angles below 60o are permissible for local
protections such as supporting legs, protuberances etc.

4.5.2.5 Minimum and maximum pressures in the network shall be 1.4 bars and 3.5
bars respectively.

4.5.2.6 ‘Run Down’ shall not be considered for horizontal vessels.

4.5.2.7 Sprayers shall be installed normal to the exposed area of the vessel and
positioned at distances as per the sprayer application charts 1, 2 and 3.

Note: Sprayers need not be installed normal to the surface for

protecting the ends of the vessels.

4.5.2.8 Adequate provision shall be made to promptly and effectively dispose off,
water discharged for fire fighting, cooling etc, away from the vessels by
any suitable means. (See Section 2.6)

4.5.2.9 Vessels shall be spaced at more than 15M from each other. In such cases,
the water demand for the largest vessel shall determine the pumping and
water requirements. If this is contravened, the aggregate water demand
for all such vessels falling within the prescribed distance of each other shall
be the determining factor.

4.5.3 SYSTEM DESIGN

4.5.3.1 Density of discharge

Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 10.2 lpm/M2 of the

exposed area of the vessel. The supporting legs and product pipes within
the bund shall also receive water at the same density.
Note 1: Supporting steel members need not be protected if they are 300
mm or shorter in height.

Note 2: Where Tankage area is not provided with bund walls, product
pipes within 15 M of tank shell shall be protected by the sprayers.

Note 3: Where high wind velocity is expected, for example, near

seacoasts, the sprayers protecting the tankages shall be
necessarily installed at 0.45m from the surface of the vessels.
4.5.3.2 Distribution of Sprayers

4.5.3.2.1 Sprayers in horizontal rows shall be spaced at distances as detailed in

table according to the angle selected.

Note: Also refer Rule 4.5.2.3.

LONGITUDINAL SPACING (METRES) OF SPRAYER OF

VARIOUS DISCHARGE ANGLES

ANGLE DISTANCE FROM TANK (M)

(in deg)
0.65 0.55 0.45

60 0.90 0.80 0.70

65 1.00 0.85 0.70
70 1.05 0.90 0.70
75 1.15 1.00 0.85
80 1.25 1.05 0.90
85 1.35 1.15 1.00
90 1.45 1.25 1.05
95 1.60 1.35 1.15
100 1.70 1.45 1.20
105 1.85 1.60 1.30
110 2.00 1.70 1.45
115 2.20 1.90 1.55
120 2.40 2.05 1.70
125 2.65 2.25 1.90

4.5.3.2.2 The sprayer application charts 1, 2 and 3 relate ‘K’ factors to vessel
diameters for differing distances of sprayers to tank surface. Interpolation
is permissible, if for some reasons the distances between sprayers and
vessel surface cannot be adhered to.

Note: For a chosen angle, if a sprayer with a matching ‘K’ factor is not
available, next available higher ‘K’ factor shall be used.

4.5.3.2.3 To provide adequate protection to the ends of the vessels, the following
method shall be adopted -

4.5.3.3 Flat Ended Vessels

4.5.3.3.1 Upto 5 M dia (Figure 14) The ends shall be adequately covered by half
the flow from each end sprayer of all rows.

4.5.3.3.2 More than 5 M dia Arrangement as above plus an additional

(Figure 15) sprayer shall be located to aim on to the
centre of the vessel
4.5.3.4 Hemispherical ended vessels

4.5.3.4.1 Upto 3.5 M dia (Figure 16) The ends shall be adequately covered by
half the flow from each end sprayer of all
rows plus one additional sprayer located to
aim on the centre of the vessel.

4.5.3.4.2 More than 3.5 M dia Arrangement as above, plus additional

(Figure 17) sprayers to provide correct density

4.5.3.5 Dished ended or Average curved ended Vessels

4.5.3.5.1 Upto 3.5 M dia (Figure 18) The ends shall be adequately covered by
half the flow from each end sprayer of all
rows

4.5.3.5.2 Between 3.5 M and 5 M Arrangement as above, plus an additional

dia (Figure 19) sprayer shall be located to aim on to the
centre of the vessel.

4.5.3.5.3 Above 5 M dia (Figure 20) Arrangement as in Rule 4.5.3.5.2 above plus
additional sprayers to provide correct
density

4.5.3.6 Separate sprayers shall be installed to provide wetting of all

protuberances from the vessel such as manholes, vents, flanges, relief
valves, ladders etc. in addition to the sprayers in rows and ends.

4.5.3.7 Un-encased steel supports for the vessels if exceeding 300 mm in height
shall be wetted by individual sprayers.

Note: Concrete and encased steel supports need not be wetted

separately as they are likely to be wetted by the splash of water
spray for the vessels.

4.5.3.8 Spacing of sprayers for product pipes within the bund shall not exceed
3M and sprayers shall be at a distance of not more than 800 mm from the
pipes.

4.5.4 Piping layout and supports

4.5.4.1 The main feed pipes from the deluge valve feeding the network shall
be supported at every 3.5 M. of its run.

4.5.4.2 Vertical feed pipes shall be provided to establish flow from bottom
rings to top rings at intervals not exceeding 3.5 M along the vessels. These
pipes may also be used as supporting pipes for the network.

4.5.4.3 To ensure mechanical stability, good appearance and hydraulic

gradient, the rings of pipe-work shall be of uniform size throughout each
ring.

4.5.4.4 Where it is not possible to independently support the protection pipe-

work, support can be arranged from the protected vessel if plate
 thickness of the vessel is adequate. In such case, rubber or plastic
insertion shall be provided beneath the base of support to
accommodate curvature of the vessel and to prevent corrosion.

4.5.4.6 The sprayers in the bottom ring shall point 45o upwards and water in the
pipe-work shall never drain through the sprayers.

4.5.4.7 Where vertical feed pipes are used for supporting the network the pipes
shall be braced together suitably at mid-heights to prevent buckling.

4.5.4.8 All vertical support pipes shall be fitted with non-ferrous or stainless steel
cooling/drain/orifice plugs. The hole in the plug shall not be less than 3
mm dia.

4.5.4.9 Vertical feed pipes when used as supporting pipes shall be flanged at the
base and bolted securely to the ground.

4.5.4.10 For vessels longer than 10 M in length, the network piping shall be so
arranged that there is one feed pipe into the lower ring from the Deluge
Valve for every 10 M and part thereof. It shall be ensured that each such
segment serve an equal amount of protection for hydraulic balance.

4.5.5 Pipe-work Hydraulics

4.5.5.1 Pre-calculated pipe sizing

a) The diameters of pipes in Top and bottom rings shall

be as per Tables 2, 3 and 4 below.

TOP RING

The size of pipe shall be as indicated in Table - 2, provided the discharge

from all sprayers between adjacent vertical feed pipes does not exceed
the rates given in the Table.

TABLE – 2

Nominal diameter of pipe mm 25 32 40

Nominal Flow to largest number LPM 0 to 100 Upto 160 Upto 250
of sprayers between adjacent Above 100 Above 160
vertical feed pipes

BOTTOM RING

The size of pipe shall be as indicated in Table - 3, provided the discharge

from all sprayers in one module of not more than 10 M long on top,
bottom and through any drain points, does not exceed the rates given in
the Table.
 TABLE – 3

Average Flow Nominal LPM 260 440 680 1040 1800 2700
Diameter of pipe (mm) mm 25 32 40 50 65 80

b) With the above arrangements, it shall be ensured that

the running pressure at the points of feed from the deluge valve into
the bottom ring is not more than that required to provide 3.5 bars
pressure at the most favourable sprayer and not less than 1.4 bars plus
an increment of 0.35 bar and static loss upto the most un-favourable
sprayer. In other words, the pipe losses from the point of feed at the
bottom ring upto the most un-favourable sprayer shall not exceed
0.35 bar apart from the static losses.

Note: While calculating the flow and pressure the discharge through
cooling/drain plugs shall also be considered.

c) The horizontal pipe across the bottom ring and vertical

feed pipes connecting bottom and top rings shall produce a
velocity of not more than 10 M/sec when sprayers discharge at
their nominal rates. In no case, however, shall the vertical feed
pipes be of a diameter less than that indicated in Table
hereunder.

TABLE - 4

VERTICAL FEED PIPE

LENGTH OF VERTICAL FROM NOMINAL DIAMETER OF SUPPORT

GROUND (METERS) AND FEED PIPE (MM)

Upto 3.0 40
Above 3.0 and upto 4.5 50
Above 4.5 and upto 6.0 65
Above 6.0 and upto 8.0 80

d) Detailed hydraulic calculations shall be submitted in support

of the above.

4.5.5.2

4.5.5.2.1 If pre-calculated system is not followed, the system shall be so designed

that the hydraulically most un-favourable sprayer operates at a pressure
of not less than 1.4 bars and the most favourable sprayer at a pressure of
not more than 3.5 bars.

Note: - Refer item ‘C’ above.

4.5.5.2.2 Detailed hydraulic calculations shall be submitted in support of the
above.

4.5.5.3 Orifice plates shall be provided if required, above the deluge valves to
meet the conditions as above.

4.5.6 Detection System

4.5.5.2 Detectors shall be installed in horizontal rows along the vessels and there
must be same number of rows as for the sprayers.

4.5.6.2 Spacing of detectors on rows shall not exceed 2.5 M.

4.5.6.3 The detectors shall be located at not more than 1 M from the shell.

4.5.6.4 Separate detectors shall be provided for protruberances from the shell like
Manholes, Flanges etc.,

4.5.6.5 Detectors shall be so positioned that they will not interfere with the spray
pattern of the sprayers anywhere.

4.5.6.6 One central row of detectors shall be allowed for two vessels with
longitudinal axes parallel provided, Rule 4.5.6.3 above is not contravened.
However, the vessels concerned shall be wetted simultaneously during a
fire.

4.6 Protection of Vertical Cylindrical Storage Vessel

4.5.5 Proposals for the protection of vertical vessels shall be accompanied by

full detailed dimensional working drawings showing the following:

a) Plan, elevation and end view

b) Site plan showing the location of all vessels, their spacing etc.

c) The protuberances such as valves, drains, manholes, flanges, ladders,

supporting legs etc.

4.6.2 GENERAL

4.6.2.1 The complete exposed area of the vertical storage vessel shall need to
be protected at a uniform density of water application.

4.6.2.2 It is also necessary to protect the product pipes within the bund area (if
provided) by sprayers.

Note 1: Where tankage area is not provided with bund walls, product
pipes within 15 M of tank shell shall be protected by the sprayers.

Note 2: Also other occupancies such as pump house, loading shed, etc.
falling within 15m of the tank shell shall be protected by the
sprayers.
4.6.2.3 The protection piping network shall be fabricated in the form of by
horizontal rings at regular intervals and vertical feeder mains.

4.6.2.4 The conical/flat roof shall also be protected by water spray system. For
this purpose, sprayers shall be connected through an explosion relief
valve assembly, which enables sprayer piping on the top of the vessels to
be blown off in the event of an explosion without obstructing the sprayers
cooling the vertical sides.

4.6.2.5 Vertical mains shall be solely used as feeder mains only and sprayers shall
be installed on the horizontal rings.

4.6.2.6 The sprayers shall not be less than 6 mm in orifice and shall normally have
cone angles between 60o and 125o for vertical sides. For the conical
roof/flat roof, wider angle sprayers with higher ‘K’ factor is recommended
to reduce the number of sprayers and consequently the weight of piping
over the tank.

Note: Sprayers with cone angles less than 60o are permissible for local
protection such as protuberances.

4.6.2.7 Minimum and maximum operating pressures in the net work shall be 1.4
bars and 3.5 bars respectively.

4.6.2.8 “Run down” shall be considered provided there are no obstructions on

the sides. For this purpose, sprayers with reduced orifice size shall be
acceptable in the lower rings. The overall density of application shall
however be maintained.

4.6.2.9 Sprayers shall be installed normal to the exposed area of the vessel and
positioned at a distance of not less than 450 mm or not more than 650
mm from the surface.

4.6.2.10 Vessels shall be located in individual dykes and spaced 15M (or the
diameter of the largest tank if the same is more than 15M) apart. In such
cases, the water requirement of the largest vessel shall determine the
pumping and storage requirements. However, if a number of tanks are
located in a common dyke, the tanks located in a common dyke which
have the largest aggregate shell surface area shall determine the
pumping and storage requirements. In case of tanks located in separate
dykes, but within a distance of 15M (or diameter of the larger tank is less
than 15M) of each other, the shell surface area of all such tanks shall
determine the pumping and storage requirements.

Note : In case occupancies like pump house, loading sheds, etc. exist
within 15m (or the diameter of the largest tank as the case may
be) of the vessels, such occupancies shall also be protected by
sprayers.

4.6.3 System Design

4.6.3.1 Density of Discharge

 Water shall be applied at a rate of not less than 10.2 LPM/M2 of the
exposed area of the tank shell and the roof. The product pipes within the
bund shall also receive water at this density.

Note 1: Supporting legs if any, shall also receive water at the same
density irrespective of whether they are insulated or not.

Note 2: Refer Rule 4.6.2.2.

4.6.3.2 Distribution of Sprayers

a) Sprayers shall be spaced at not more than 2.5 M in the rings when
measured along the curved surface of the vessels.

b) There shall be a ring for every 3.5 M height of the shell.

c) Sprayers in each successive ring shall be staggered for better

coverage.

d) Sprayers protecting the roof must be located in such a way that the
extremities of their spray pattern shall atleast meet.

e) Separate sprayers shall be installed to provide wetting of all

protuberances from the vessels, such as manholes, flanges, ladders,
vents etc.,

f) Spacing of sprayers for product pipes within the bund shall

not exceed 3 M and sprayers shall be at a distance of not more than
800 mm from the pipes.

4.6.4 Piping Layout and Supports

4.6.4.1 The main feed pipes from the deluge valve feeding the network shall be
supported at every 3.5 M of its run.

4.6.4.2 The number of vertical feeders for the sprayer network depends upon the
size of the vessel and its height. As a good practice, minimum of two such
feeders shall be provided. However, for the vessels less than 10 M
diameter and height, one feeder shall be accepted.

4.6.4.3 The top ring shall be installed just below the top of the vessel and the
bottom ring shall be installed at not more than 2M from the ground level.

4.6.4.4 The rings may be supported on the vessel if plate thickness of the vessel is
adequate. The vertical feed mains shall also be used as supporting pipes.
These pipes shall be flanged at the base and bolted securely to the
ground.

4.6.4.5 The sprayers at the bottom ring shall point slightly upwards and water in
the pipe work shall never drain through the sprayers.
4.6.4.6 All support pipes shall be fitted with non-ferrous or stainless steel
cooling/drain orifice plugs. The hole in the plug shall not be less than 3
mm dia.

4.6.5 Hydraulics

4.6.5.1 The network shall be hydraulically so designed as to provide a minimum

running pressure of 1.4 bars at the hydraulically most un-favourable
sprayer and not more than 3.5 bars at the hydraulically most favourable
sprayer in the network.

4.6.5.2 The velocity in the feeder pipes shall not exceed 5 M/Sec when sprayers
discharge at their nominal rates.

4.6.5.3 Detailed hydraulic calculation shall be submitted supporting the design.

4.6.5.4 Orifice plate shall be provided if required, above the deluge valves to
meet the conditions as above.

4.6.5.5 Flow through the cooling/draining pipes shall also be considered for the
hydraulic calculation.

4.6.6 Detection System

4.6.6.1 Detectors shall be installed in horizontal rows supported on the spray

network if necessary and there must be as many detector rings as of
spray rings.

4.6.6.2 Spacing of detectors in rings shall not be at more than 3 M when

measured along the curved surface of the vessel.

4.6.6.3 For conical roof the detector shall be installed on 9 M2 area basis.

4.6.6.4 The detectors shall be located at not more than 1 M from the shell.

4.6.6.5 Separate detectors shall be provided for protuberances like manholes,

flanges etc.,

4.6.6.6 Detectors shall be so positioned as not to interfere with the sprayer

pattern of the sprayers anywhere.

4.7 PROTECTION OF SPHERICAL VESSELS

4.7.1 General

4.7.1.1 Spherical vessels are almost certain to be pressure vessels. The complete
exposed area sphere shall need to be protected at a uniform density of
water application.

4.7.1.2 It is also necessary to protect the supporting legs and the product pipes
within the bund area by the water spray system at the same density and
where bund is not provided, product pipe lines shall be protected for a
distance of 15 M from the surface of the sphere.
4.7.1.3 The protection network around such vessels shall be fabricated in the
form of horizontal and/or vertical rings at regular intervals.

4.7.1.4 The sprayers shall not be less than 6mm in orifice size and shall normally
have cone angles between 600 and 1250 for the spherical surface.
4.7.1.5 Minimum and maximum pressures in the network shall be 1.4 bars and 3.5
bars respectively.

4.7.1.6 “Run Down”, shall not be considered.

4.7.1.7 Sprayers shall be normal to the exposed surface of the sphere and shall
be installed at not less than 550mm nor more than 650mm from the
surface.

4.7.1.8 Spheres shall be spaced at a distance of 15 M from each other. In such

cases the water demand for a larger sphere shall determine the pumping
and storage requirements. If the spheres are spaced less then 15 M apart,
the aggregate water demand of all the spheras falling within the
prescribed distance of each other shall be the determining factor.

24.7.1.9 Full detailed dimensional drawings of the spherical vessels shall be

submitted showing the following details :

a) Plan, elevation
b) Site plan showing all the spheres
c) The protuberances such as valves, drains, manholes, flanges, ladders,
supporting legs etc.
d) The protection/detection piping in different colours
e) Sprayer characteristic showing ‘K’ factor, come angle and discharge
in LPM.

4.7.2 SYSTEM DESIGN

4.7.2.1 Density of Discharge

Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 10.2 lpm/m2 of the

exposed area of the sphere. The supporting legs and the product pipes
within the bund area shall also receive water at the same density. Where
bund is not provided, the product pipelines upto a distance of 15 M from
the surface of the sphere, shall receive water at the same density.

Note: If the supporting legs are encased with 50mm thick RCC, the
water density therefore can be reduced to 5.1 lpm/m2.

4.7.2.2 Distribution of sprayers and layout of piping

4.7.2.2.1 No sprayer shall be farther than the distance ‘S’ indicated in Cases 1 or 2
(Figures 21 or 22), from anyone of the nearest 8 sprayers. The distance
between sprayers shall be measured along the arcs between the points
of impingement of the sprayers on the tank surface.

4.7.2.2.2 The spacing ‘S’ between the sprayers for various diameters of the sphere
for different Cone angles of sprayers shall be selected from the Charts F
and G (Figures 23 & 24) .

4.7.2.2.3 Obstructed or "roofed off" portions of the spheres shall be protected with
separate sprayers in addition to the requirements under rule 4.7.2.2.2
above at a density of 10.2 lpm/m2.
4.7.2.2.4 Number of horizontal and/or vertical rings shall be governed by the
spacing of the sprayers (see rule 4.7.2.2.2 above).

4.7.2.2.5 The system shall be hydraulically designed in such a way that the pressure
at the hydraulically most un-favourable sprayer shall not be less than 1.4
bars while that at the hydraulically most favourable sprayer shall not
exceed 3.5 bars. The difference in height between the top and bottom
sprayers may be compensated for by reducing sprayer office and/or
other means to achieve even distribution of water on the surface. The
velocity produced in the feeder pipes shall not exceed 10M/second.

4.7.2.2.6 Cooling system for protecting the sphere against solar heating shall take
the form of minimum two rings of sprayers at the top of the spheres upto
10M diameter and three rings of sprayers at the top of the sphere
exceeding 10 m diameter at a density not less than 2 lpm/M2.

Note: It is not considered necessary to wet the surface of the sphere

below the horizontal centre line when considering solar
protection.

4.7.2.2.7 Spacing of sprayers for the Product pipelines shall not exceed 3 M and
sprayers shall be at a distance of not more than 800 mm from the pipes.

4.7.3 Pipe Support

4.7.3.1 The pipe work on the top of hemisphere of the vessel shall rest on the
surface and an adequate number of support points shall be required to
distribute the weight uniformly on the surface.

4.7.3.2 The pipe work below the hemisphere shall be supported separately from
the ground or the legs supporting the sphere. The legs shall be designed
to take care of this load.

4.7.3.3 Where supports rest on the surface of the sphere, a rubber or plastic
insertion shall be provided beneath the base of the support and the
sphere surface to accommodate the curvature of the sphere as well as
to prevent corrosion.

4.7.3.4 Where the vessel is insulated, supports shall have to either penetrate the
lagging or provided on the lagging itself. In either case, greater care shall
have to be taken to adequately spread the load and efficiently seal the
penetrated area of the lagging after supports are installed.

4.7.4 Detection System

4.7.4.1 It is not necessary to provide detector sprinklers for the whole surface of
the sphere. Detectors at three levels shall suffice as follows:

a) A minimum of three under the lower pole adjacent to product piping.

b) A ring of detectors at the equator or just below. The detectors shall be

installed at not more than 2.5 m of the circumference of sphere.
 c) A minimum of three detectors at the upper crown of the sphere in the
advantageous position near relief valves, vents etc.

4.7.4.2 The detector shall be suitably supported, if required on sprayer piping.

4.7.4.3 The detector shall, in any case, be installed at not more than 300mm from
the surface protected.

4.7.4.4 Detector shall also be installed near the product pipes within the bund
area at every 2.5 m and where no bund is provided the detectors shall
be installed upto 15 m from the shell surface of the sphere.

4.8 Cable Galleries and Tunnels

4.8.1 General

Where cable fires are concerned, the greatest hazard usually arises from
the effects of fire on the Power Station plant. However, a feature of
practically all cable fires has been that several units, if not the whole
station, has been seriously affected by a single fire. A major portion of
cable fire incidents stem from external sources such as combustion of un-
cleaned flammable debris, accumulation of P.V.C. tailing ends,
cardboard packages and from uncontrolled spillages and over-spray of
fuel and lubricating oils.

PVC is not readily flammable but will burn freely in temperature conditions
high enough to bring the plasticisers into a volatile state. Burning P.V.C.
produces copious quantities of dangerous hydrochloride toxic gases,
which are heavier than air and tend to form layers at lower levels. These
gases are corrosive and present a major toxic hazard to operating and
fire fighting personnel. When P.V.C. is burnt, heavy black smoke, mostly
consisting of carbon particles is given off which could affect electrical
equipment some distance from the fire and there is some evidence that
PVC smoke can de-sensitise smoke detectors of ionisation chamber type.

Cables are normally protected such that they do not catch fire if
electrical faults develop in them. However, the energy released when a
fault occurs in a cable may ignite other combustible materials in the
vicinity thereof.

4.8.2 Design density

Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 12.2 LPM/M2 of the

exposed area of the cable racks.

Note: For the purpose of the above, three cable trays of a rack shall be
reckoned as a single tray unless the trays are not of the same
width in which case the area of the widest tray shall be taken.

4.8.3 Pressure requirement

 In order to achieve a better penetration, a minimum pressure of 2.8 bars
shall be achieved at the hydraulically remotest point.

4.8.4 Distribution of sprayers and lay-out of piping

4.8.4.1 The sprayers shall be installed in rows at ceiling level in between and at
the centre of aisle space along the cable trays and spaced at not more
than 3M.

4.8.4.2 The distance between walls and/or limits of the protection shall not
exceed 1.5 m.

4.8.4.3 Where the distance between two rows of sprayers above the aisles
exceeds 4M, additional row of sprayers shall be provided to between.

4.8.4.4 Where the height of the cable trays (ie distance between topmost and
bottom tray) exceeds 2.5 m, sprayers shall be provided at lower level in
accordance with the Rules above.

4.8.5 Piping and hydraulics

4.8.5.1 Installation of piping shall be carried out in general as detailed in section

4.4.7 of these regulations.

4.8.5.2 It is permissible to divide the protection area into several zones, each of
which shall be fed by an individual deluge valve. The flow through the
deluge valve shall be limited to the figures in rule 2.5.1(h) of these Rules.
The system shall be designed in such a way that at least two zones shall
operate simultaneously in the event of fire.

4.8.5.3 Each zone in the system shall be hydraulically so designed that a

minimum pressure of 2.8 bars is available at the remotest sprayer and that
the velocity produced in the feeder pipes is not more than 10M/second.

4.8.5.4 Detailed hydraulic calculations in support of the above shall be

submitted for each zone. Orifice plates, if required, shall arise out of
combination of deluge valves when zones concerned operate
simultaneously.

4.8.6 Pumping capacity and water supplies

4.8.6.1 The aggregate pumping capacity shall be determined by the largest

demand arising out of combination of deluge valves when zones
concerned operate simultaneously.

4.8.6.2 The effective exclusive capacity of the reservoir/tank (above the level of
the foot valve seat in case of negative suction and above the level of the
top of the pump casing in case of positive suction) shall not be less than
40 minutes aggregate pumping capacity for the spray system.

4.8.7 Detection system

 As the cable galleries and tunnels are normally unmanned, it is imperative
that a quicker detection is mandatory to ensure extinguishment. Various
types of detectors are available for installation in the tunnels. The
following methods of detection in the order mentioned are generally
accepted

a) Linear heat sensing cables

b) Smoke detectors
c) Sprinkler heads.

Full details of the proposal shall be submitted to the Committee in

advance alongwith detailed drawings showing the location and lay-out
of the detection network.

The fire alarm system and panel shall be of approved type.

Committee reserves their right in accepting other types of detectors,

which is subject to verification of the proposals submitted well in
advance.

4.9 CONVEYORS

4.9.1 General

Fires on conveyors are infrequent but the fire potential is considerable. In

incidents, which have occurred, the damage has been severe,
particularly where conveyor fires have reached and enveloped the
destination e.g. Boiler house coal bunkers as in case of thermal power
stations. The design of conveyors is that the wind tunneling or chimney
effect is an inherent feature on inclined conveyors and this causes rapid
spread of fire through the conveyors.

The major risk of fire is, for example, from the ignition of coal dust and
deposits in case of Thermal Power stations, on the internal surface,
walkways etc., of the conveyors or from the conveyor belt. Fire caused
by friction of a defective part such as jammed roller, idlers resulting in
subsequent localised overheating of the belt. Thus fires in the conveyors
may arise from either of two main causes -

a) Failure of part of the mechanism, usually on the idler or pulley can

lead to localised overheating of the belt and eventually to ignition of
the combustible dust or conveyor belt.

b) From the ignition of a quantity of split combustible dust either by self-

ignition or other causes.

Should the belt catch fire, it can spread the fire rapidly to other
areas. Certain fires generate a large volume of smoke
particularly when the fire is in an advanced state, conveyors
can be protected by Automatic sprinkler system installation or
Medium Velocity Water Spray System with L.H.S. cables, sprinkler
bulbs, thermocouples etc., The following section covers rules for
Water Spray System only.
4.9.2 Design density

Water shall be applied at a minimum density of 10.2 lpm/m2 of the

exposed area of the conveyor.

4.9.3 Pressure requirement

A minimum pressure of 1.4 bars shall be achieved at the hydraulically

remotes sprayer. However, pressure at the hydraulically favourable
sprayer shall not exceed 3.5 bars.

4.9.4 Distribution of sprayers and lay-out of piping

4.9.4.1 The sprayers shall be installed in rows at the ceiling level above the centre
of each conveyor belt and spaced at not more than 4M.

4.9.4.2 The distance between walls and/or limits of the protection shall not
exceed 2 m.

4.9.4.3 Where the distance between two rows of sprayers above the centre of
belts exceeds 4 m, additional rows shall be provided in between.

4.9.4.4 Sprayers shall be provided for the protection of the bottom side of the
conveyors and these shall be spaced at 4 m on either side of the
conveyor. Staggering of sprayers is recommended.

4.9.5 Piping and hydraulics

4.9.5.1 Installation of piping shall be carried out, in general, as detailed in section

4.4.7.

4.9.5.2 It is permissible to divide the protection area into several zones, each of
which shall be fed by an individual deluge valve. The flow through the
deluge valve shall be limited to the figures in rule 2.5.1(h). The system shall
be designed in such a way that at least two adjacent zones shall operate
in the event of fire.

4.9.5.3 Each zone in the system shall be hydraulically so designed that a

minimum pressure of 1.4 bars is available at the remotest sprayer and that
nowhere in the system exceeds 3.5 bars. The velocity produced shall not
exceed 10M/second.

4.9.5.4 Detailed hydraulic calculations in support of the above shall be

submitted for each zone. Orifice plates, if required, shall arise out of
combination of deluge valves when zones concerned operate
simultaneously.

4.9.6 Pumping capacity and water supplies

4.9.6.1 The aggregate pumping capacity shall be determined by the largest

demand arising out of combination of deluge valves when zones
concerned operate simultaneously.
4.9.6.2 The effective exclusive capacity of the reservoir/tank (above the level of
the foot valve seat in case of negative suction and above the level of the
top of the pump casing in case of positive suction) shall not be less than
60 minutes aggregate pumping capacity for the spray system.

4.9.7 Detection system

Detection of conveyor fires poses peculiar problems, as the fires are not
always stationary. Detection of moving fires shall be achieved without
delay. The detectors upon sensing the fire shall trip the conveyor motor
first and thus make the fire stationary. This fire has to be detected and the
detectors shall trigger the fire fighting operations. Hence, there are two
levels of detection for the conveyor fires. The following methods of
detection are generally, acceptable.

a) Liner heat sensing cables - for stopping conveyor

b) Sprinkler bulbs

Full details of the proposal shall be submitted to the Committee in

advance alongwith detailed drawings showing the location and layout
of the detection network.

The fire alarm system and panel shall be of approved type.

Committee reserves their right in accepting other types to detectors,

which is subject to verification of the proposals to be submitted to the
Committee well in advance.

++++++ +
 SECTION - 5

5.1 PRE-COMMISSIONING AND ACCEPTANCE TESTS

5.1.1 All new system piping upto the deluge valve shall be hydrostatically
tested to a pressure equivalent to 150% of the designed head of the fire
pump and the system shall be capable of withstanding that pressure for
at least 2 hours.

Note: Refer rule 1.2.4.

5.1.2 The coating and wrapping of the underground wrought or mild steel
pipes shall be carried out and also subjected to ‘Holiday test’ as per IS :
10221.

5.1.3 The entire system piping shall be flushed thoroughly before commissioning
in order to remove foreign materials which might have entered/be
present in the system piping during the course of installation or which may
have been present in existing piping at maximum flow rate available to
the system under fire condition. When planning the flushing operations,
consideration shall be given to disposal of the water discharged during
flushing.

5.1.4 Full discharge test with water shall be made as a means of checking the
nozzle layout, discharge pattern, spray coverage and obstructions and
determination of relation between design criteria and actual
performance and to ensure against clogging of the smaller piping and
discharge devices by foreign materials.

5.1.5 The maximum number of systems (deluge valves) that may be expected
to operate in case of fire shall be in full operation simultaneously in order
to check the adequacy and condition of water supply.

5.1.6 The detection system shall be designed to cause actuation of special

water control valve within 20 seconds under expected exposure
conditions. Under test conditions the heat detector systems, when
exposed to a standard heat source, shall operate within 40 seconds.
Under test conditions the flammable gas detector system, when exposed
to a standard test gas concentration, shall operate within 20 seconds.

Note: One method of testing heat detectors is to use a radiant heat

surface at a temperature of 150o C and a capacity of 350 watts
held at a distance of 25 to 30 mm from the nearest part of the
detector. This method of testing with a electric test set should not
be used in hazardous locations. Other test methods may be
employed but results shall be related to those obtained under
these conditions.

5.1.7 All operating parts of the system including manual over-ride like
emergency pull switch of the deluge valve shall be fully tested to ensure
that they are in operating condition.
5.1.8 The discharge pressure at the highest, most remote nozzle and the lowest
nozzle close to the deluge valve shall be measured which should be
within the designed limits of the system. For this purpose provisions shall be
made for test gauges at appropriate places.

5.1.9 The proper functions of the alarm gong associated with the deluge valve
and its level of audibility shall be checked. An audibility level of 85 db
above the background noise level is recommended.

5.2 PERIODICAL TESTING AND MAINTENANCE

5.2.1 General

5.2.1.1 Water spray systems require competent and effective care and
maintenance to assure that they will perform their purpose effectively at
the time of fire. Systems shall be serviced and tested periodically by
personnel trained in this work. An inspection contract with a qualified
agency for service, test, and operation at regular intervals is
recommended.

5.2.1.2 Operating and maintenance instruction and layouts shall be available or

can be posted at control equipment and at the fire station of the plant.
Selected plant personnel shall be trained and assigned the task of
operating and maintaining the equipment.

5.2.1.3 At weekly, or other frequent, regular scheduled plant inspection,

equipment shall be checked visually for obvious defects, such as broken
or missing parts, external loading or other evidence of impaired
protection.

5.2.1.4 At least once a week the system shall be visually checked and the
reading of various pressure gauges of each deluge valve installations
shall be recorded.

5.2.1.5 A trained pump man shall be available on all shifts and at all hours to
operate the pump or whenever required.

5.2.2 Fire Water Reservoirs/tank

5.2.2.1 It shall be ensured that fire water tank reservoirs are always full and free
from any foreign materials. The water level shall be recorded weekly.

5.2.2.2 Depending upon quality of water, reservoirs shall be cleaned once in a

year or two years and sludge formation shall be prevented.

5.2.3 Fire Pumps

5.2.3.1 All the fire pumps shall be run at least 5 minutes everyday. During testing
water level of priming tank, delivery pressures of pumps, speed, and also
other parameters are to be checked and recorded.

5.2.3.2 All pump glands shall be maintained in good working conditions and
checked weekly.
5.2.3.3 The bearing grease caps shall be checked once every week and refilled
with fresh grease, if necessary.

5.2.3.4 Starter contacts shall be cleaned every week.

5.2.3.5 Insulation resistance of pump motors shall be examined once in every six
months and record shall be maintained.

5.2.3.6 Starting Mechanism of diesel engine must be checked, the battery

charger and also the batteries must be maintained in effective conditions
and the engine shall be run at least for 5 minutes every day.

5.2.4 Spray System Installations

5.2.4.1 All piping shall be examined at intervals to determine its conditions.

Frequency of inspections will be dependent upon local conditions and
shall be at intervals of not more than one year.

5.2.4.2 All the deluge valve installations and automatic detection equipment
shall be serviced and tested annually by qualified personnel.

5.2.4.3 Full discharge test of sprayers shall be made at least quarterly. After each
operation, projectors/nozzles equipped with individual strainer shall be
removed and cleaned, unless observations under flow conditions
indicate this is not necessary.

5.2.4.4 Manual tripping devices shall be operated at least twice annually.

5.2.4.5 When normally opened valves are closed following the system operation
or test, suitable procedures shall be instituted to ensure that they are
reopened and that the system is promptly restored to full normal
operating condition.

5.2.4.6 All projectors/nozzles shall be inspected for proper positioning or test,

external loading and corrosion and cleaned if necessary, based on
experience but at least once in three months.

5.2.4.7 The entire system shall be flushed at least once a year.

5.2.4.8 It is important to ensure that the sprinkler bulbs (detectors) are kept free
from paint or dust (otherwise it may not function correctly) and that the
bulbs are accessible and clearly identified for maintenance purposes.

5.2.4.9 All the equipment pertaining to the spray system shall be painted at least
once in two years.

5.2.4.10 Spares to the extent of at least 10% of each type of

sprayers/projectors/sprinklers/detectors shall be kept in stock for quick
replacement.

5.3 PERIODICAL TESTING AND MAINTENANCE CHART

 SUBJECT ACTIVITIES DURATION

1. Reservoir Level checking Weekly

Clearing Once in two years

2. Pump Running test Daily 5 minutes

Test flow Annually
Lubrication Quarterly
G1and packing Weekly
Overhaul Once in two years

3. Engine Running Once in day (5 mins)

Lubrication Quarterly
Battery Status weekly
Load test Annually
Overhaul Once in two years
Fuel tank check Daily

4. Motor Lubrication Weekly

Starter contact checking Weekly
insulation resistance check Half yearly

5. Main piping Flushing Once in two years

Gauge pressure Check daily

6. Sluice valves Operation Monthly

Gland packing Monthly
Lubrication Quarterly

7. Deluge valves Operation Weekly

Alarm check Weekly
Overhaul Annually
Cleaning Quarterly

8. Sprayers Cleaning Quarterly

Flow test Quarterly

9. Detectors Performance Six monthly

10. Spray installation Performance Quarterly

Physical check up of Monthly
piping for seeing dis-
location of support, wrong
orientation, over-loading
etc

11. Pressure gauges Calibration Annually

12. Painting Painting of entire inst- Every two years

allation
5.4 Hydraulic Calculations - General: -

a) Summary Sheet

The Summary Sheet should contain the following informations :-

1. Date
2. Location
3. Name of Owner and Occupant
4. Building or Plant Unit Number
5. Description of Hazard
6. Name and Address of Contractor
7. Design Purpose (Type of System)
8. Minimum Rate of Water Application.
9. Total water requirement as calculated including allowance on
the Hydrant System where applicable.
10. Water Supply information in detail.
11. Risk wise details showing the total discharge and pressure at the
top of deluge valve.

b) Detailed Working Sheet

Detailed working sheet or Computer Print-out Sheets should contain

the following informations

1. Identification of calculation covered.

2. Description and discharge constant (K) for each type of nozzle.
3. Hydraulic design reference points.
4. Flow in LPM
5. Pipe size (mm)
6. Pipe lengths in meter and details of fittings.
7. Equivalent pipe lengths for fittings and devices in Mts.
8. Friction loss in bars/meter.
9. Total friction loss between reference points in bars.
10. Elevation head in bars between reference points.
11. Required pressure in bars at each reference point.
12. Design details of Orifice plates.
13. Velocity pressure and normal pressure if included in
calculations.
14. Notes to indicate starting points with reference to other sheets
or to clarify data shown.
15. Where extending existing system hydraulic calculations are to
be furnished indicating the previous design, flow and pressure at
points of connection and adequate additional calculations to
indicate the effect on existing system.

++++++ +++++
 SECTION - 6

GENERAL INFORMATION

6.1 HIGH VELOCITY WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

6.1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

6.1.1.1 The High Velocity Water Spray System has been developed for the
extinguishment of oil fines, and it introduces an entirely new principle in
fire extinguishment. It is employed to bring about a fundamental change
in the nature of the inflammable liquid, which is converted temporarily
into an emulsion, which cannot burn.

6.1.1.2 For a full appreciation of the problem of oil fire extinguishment it is

desirable to consider why oil fires are more difficult to extinguish with
water than fires of ordinary combustibles.

6.1.1.3 When the surface of a solid combustible is heated to a certain

temperature a flammable gas is liberated which burns with the oxygen of
the atmosphere. If the heat from the flame is sufficient to maintain this
temperature at the surface of the material, combustion will continue. A
fire of this nature can be extinguished by the use of water in any form if
the rate of application is sufficiently high. This result will be achieved
because most solid combustibles, e.g. wood, fabrics, etc., have a natural
affinity for water and can readily get wet. Thus, when water falls on to the
burning substance it is quickly cooled to a temperature below that
essential for combustion to continue.

6.1.1.4 When water is applied to an oil fire the conditions are different. All oils are
water repellent, and they cannot be wetted. Therefore, the cooling
action of water applied in, say, the form of a jet, is negligible. When water
is discharged as a low-pressure spray on to an oil fire the cooling effect is
small. Actually, the heating effect of the water so that the temperature of
the oil continues to increase and the only effect of the water discharge is
to accelerate the rate of burning.

6.1.2 EXTINGUISHMENT

6.1.2.1 The only satisfactory method so far discovered of extinguishing an oil fire
with water is by use of the ‘High Velocity Water Spray’ system. A special
type of nozzle, termed a Projector, is employed; discharging a cone of
water in the form of evenly distributed broken streams of high velocity
and high momentum. The rapid movement of the broken streams of
water is suddenly arrested at the oil surface and the impact causes the oil
to be broken up into tiny globules to form an emulsion with the water. In
this manner, almost immediately the water from the projector strikes the
burning oil-in-water emulsion is formed which cannot burn.

6.1.2.2 In addition, the dispersion of the oil in minute globules in the water gives
almost instantaneous cooling and thus, together with the extinguishment
of the fire, there is simultaneous cessation of the formation of oil vapour.
6.1.2.3 When an emulsion formed by the ‘High Velocity Water Spray’ System is
allowed to rest for a considerable period of time, the oil and water will
separate. Such an emulsion is said to be unstable. It must be realised,
however, that most emulsions formed by the “High Velocity Water Spray”
system, although not stable (or permanent), remain emulsions for a
sufficient length of time to prevent recurrence of ignition after the water
discharge has ceased.

6.1.2.4 It is important to note that both mineral and vegetable oils behave in the
same manner.

6.1.3 EMULSIFICATION

6.1.3.1 It should be realised that emulsions of oil and water have long been know
and are in widespread every-day use. The most common examples are
cod-liver oil and halibut oil emulsions, milk, butter, margarine, ‘liquid
paraffin’, brilliantine and salad cream. These are all stable emulsions and
contain additional substances called stabilizers or dispersators to preserve
the condition.

6.1.3.2 An emulsion is a combination of oil and water, one of which is dispersed

as globules in the other. The liquid that is in globule form is termed “the
dispersed phase” and the liquid surrounding the globules is known as “the
dispersing medium” or “continuous phase”. They are sometimes called
the internal and external phases respectively. It is , of cours, important
that the two liquids are immiscible, or nearly so, i.e. it must not be possible
for either of them to dissolve the other as, for example, alcohol and
water.

6.1.3.3 There are two types of emulsion. That which is produced with the
‘emulsifier’ system is always of the non-burning, oil-in-water type. The
reverse type of emulsion, the water-in-oil variety, can only be made when
an oil soluble dispersator has previously been dissolved in the oil. Such
dispersators are not present in commercial oils, so the water-in-oil type of
emulsion cannot be formed in the process of fire extinguishment by the
“High Velocity” system. This point is important, because the water-in-oil
type emulsion will burn unless, by the use of an ample quantity of a strong
distributor, a large volume of water is dispersed in a small volume of oil.
With such an abnormal type of water-in-oil emulsion, fitful burning for a
brief period may occur, but the fire quickly goes out as a consequence
of the overwhelming action of so much water in the presence of so little
oil.

6.1.4 SCOPE OF APPLICATION

6.1.4.1 The ‘High Velocity Water Spray’ System is effective against fires of all
flammable liquids, which are not miscible with water. The following are
the most important in every-day use: -

a) Liquids which emulsify readily and form fairly stable emulsion: -

Mineral Oils
 Lubricating oil, transformer oil, switch oil, diesel engine oil, gas oil, and
boiler fuel oil.

Vegetable Oils

Turpentine, cotton seed oil, Soya been oil, linseed oil, castor oil, olive
oil, coconut oil.

Animal Oils

Whale oil, cod-liver oil, and halibut oil.

b) The “High Velocity Water Spray“ system has been installed

extensively to protect Paint and Varnish Processes, vegetable oil
extraction plants, oil refineries and waterproofing factories.

c) The greatest scope of application is in Electricity Generating

Stations and Distribution Stations, for the protection of oil filled
transformers and switchgear and the lubricating system of Turbo
Alternators.

6.1.5 LIMITATIONS

6.1.5.1 With the “High Velocity Water Spray” System, fires of all light mineral spirits
such as petrol, paraffin, benzene and white spirit can be extinguished,
but whereas the emulsions formed with the heavier oils persist for
sometime, those formed with the light spirits are transient. For this reason,
complete extinguishment of the light mineral spirit cannot be assured
unless the whole of the burning surface is brought under simultaneous
bombardment from the projectors. It will be appreciated that such a
state of affairs is not always possible, for even with the ideal design of
protection the fire may be preceded by an explosion causing
disarrangement of the plant and some shielding of the burning liquids. On
this account the “High Velocity Water Spray” system can only be put
forward in such cases after a full enquiry into all the circumstances.

6.1.5.2 The operating pressures are high in the case of the above system and the
pressures vary in the range of 3.5 to 5 bars.

6.2 MEDIUM VELOCITY WATER SPRAY SYSTEM

6.2.1. GENERAL INFORMATION

6.2.1.1 Medium Velocity Water Spray System has been developed and
extensively installed for the following applications.

a) For fire risks involving the lighter oils, Liquefied Petroleum gases, and
other flammable liquids, where it may not be possible or desirable to
extinguish the fire completely.

b) For the protection of vessels, plant, and structures exposed to heat

from ‘adjacent and surrounding fires.
 c) For use in conjunction with Sprinklers, as permitted under Rules for
sprinklers installation published by the Tariff Advisory Committee.

6.2.2 CONTROLLED BURNING

6.2.1.1 Fires involving liquids with flash points below 320 C (see section 1) cannot
always be extinguished by water spray. Medium Velocity Water Sprayers
giving medium drop size can be successfully employed for flame control
in many cases. It is important to use the correct water density rate and
drop size, to avoid undue agitation of the burning liquid. Flame height can
be controlled within tolerable limits, and personnel can enter the area to
drain off the liquid and carry out any other measures necessary to bring
the situation under control.

6.2.1.1 Gases liberated from these highly volatile liquids from explosive mixtures
with air. They are mostly heavier than air, and dissipation may be very
slow. Ignition can take place at considerable distances from a source of
leakage, and extensive fires result. Medium Velocity Water Sprayers are
positioned to cover valves and joints where leakage may occur, and
enable the gas to be burnt safely until the leakage is sealed off.

6.2.2.3 Hazards of this kind are always present where Liquefied Petroleum Gases
(commonly termed LPG) are being stored, transported, or used in
manufacturing processes.

6.2.2 EXPOSURE PROTECTION

6.2.3.1 MVWS System is effective in protecting vessels and adjacent structure

exposed to heat from an outbreak of fire. Sprayers direct water over the
whole surface, preventing dangerous temperature rise and distortion,
resulting in further explosions. Control should be automatic to ensure that
the system operates with the minimum delay. Spray directed over a
vessel already hot may not achieve complete coverage; “hot spots” will
allow the shell to overheat and increase the danger of rupture and
explosion.

6.2.4. SCOPE OF APPLICATIONS

6.2.4.1 Applications of the MVWS System may be broadly classified as follows:

6.2.4.1.1 Fires involving flammable liquids and certain solids and semi-solids, (with
flash points between 32o C and 65o C). For such hazards Medium Velocity
Water spray provides effective control by cooling, and by extinguishing
principles other than emulsification. The fire is prevented from spreading
to adjacent plant and buildings, and may, under favourable conditions,
be completely extinguished.

6.2.4.1.2 Few examples are -

Amyl alcohol Butyl alcohol

Aniline Certain fuel oils
 Glacial acetic acid Nitrobenzene
Heavy naphtha Nitro-benzene
Isobutyl alcohol Pine oil
Isopropyl alcohol Safety solvents
Paraffin Turpentine

6.2.4.1.3 Fires involving flammable liquids, liquefied gases, and certain solids and
semi-solids, which cannot be extinguished by any form of water spray, or
where it is not desirable to extinguish the fire completely. The objects of
these applications are to control the rate of burning, prevent dangerous
increase of pressure in vessels exposed to fire, and protect adjacent plot
and buildings. These liquids have flash points below 32o C.

6.2.4.1.4 Few examples are -

Acetone
Benzene
Butadiene
Butane
Carbon disulphide
Cyclohexane
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl alcohol
Ethylene oxide
Light naphtha
Methyl acetate
Methyl alcohol
Methyl ethyl ketone
Naphtha
Petroleum ether
Petroleum spirit
Propane
Toluene
White spirit
Xylene
6.2.4.1.5 Risks in which the main hazard is the exposure of plant and buildings to
heat from a fire in their vicinity. The object in this case is cooling to
prevent increase of pressure in vessels, to minimise fire damage and
prevent the spread of fire. This application includes all exposure risks.

6.2.4.1.6 For fires involving oils with flash points above 650 C High Velocity Water
Sprayers is recommended, since these fires can be very rapidly
extinguished in almost all cases. Medium Velocity Water Spray System has
a very wide range of application in the control of flammable liquid fires.

6.2.4.1.7 LIMITATIONS

Instances occasionally occur where the application of any form of water

spray might result in effect dangerous to plant and personnel. When
these are encountered, either as an individual risk or occurring in a plant
under consideration for a Medium Velocity Water Spray installation,
advice should be sought from Tariff Advisory Committee. Examples are

a) Materials, which react chemically with, water, sometimes violently, to

produce substances dangerous to life.

b) Flammable liquids in open containers without adequate overflow and

drainage facilities. Recommendations must be put forward for
bunding and draining to prevent the spread of fire beyond the
protected area.

c) Flammable liquids in open containers and at temperature higher than

the boiling points of water. The consequences of applying water spray
must be borne in mind as the penetration of water below the surface
of the hot liquid would cause rapid steam generation and possibly
violent ‘boil-over’ with consequent danger to personnel.

d) Flammable liquids in sealed plant operating at high surface

temperatures, where the effect of cold water application could
cause plant failure and serious damage. The plant should be lagged
or otherwise safeguarded against such a risk.

6.2.4.1.8 The operating pressures are not high in the case of above system and the
pressures vary in the range of 1.4 bars to 3.5 bars.

+++++++++ ++

74
 RULES FOR WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

APPENDIX I

The Secretary,
REGIONAL OFFICE
TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Dear Sir,

Application for Fire Extinguishing Appliance(s) Discount.

Risk

Situation

Please sacntion, as from date of receipt of this application, a Discount of

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ % for the following Extinguishing,
Appliances , applying to Blcoks/Equipment-

(The occupation floorwise and block Nos. of each building must be clearly
stated).

I/We enclose plan of the risk with all details marked thereon.

I/We certify that to the best of my/our knowledge and belief the appliances
referred to have been installed in strict accordance with the Rules of the Committee
and I/We also certify that the plan submitted is drawn in accordance with the
Committee’s Rules and is corect and up-to-date.

I/We also certify that a copy of the plan exact in every detail, is avilable for
the Regional Offices of the Committee’s Engineers use at the above premises.

I/We enclose full particulars of the appliances togather with letter of

Gurantee signed by the Assured.

I am (we
are),
Yours
faithfully,

For use of the Regional Offices only

Date received :
Date inspected :
Discount sanctioned :
Reference Number :

75
 RULES FOR WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

APPENDIX II

19
The Secretary,

REGIONAL OFFICE

TARIFF ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Dear Sir,

Gurantee regarding Fire Extinguishing Appliance(s).

In consideration of your Regional Office granting a Discount for the Fire

Extinguishing Appliances detailed on attached/singed form which
we have installed in the

situated at
I/We hereby engage ourselves-

(1) To maintain and upkeep the said appliances in efficient working order
and where such appliances and Committee’s Rules require the
upkeep of a trained Fire Brigade, to maintain such Brigade to its full
nubers in an efficient state.

(2) To advice the concerned Regional Office and first obtain permission
should at any time it be necessary to close down supply to pumps or
in any way render the appliances out of operation for repairs,
overhaul, etc.

(3) Not to extend, alter or demolish protected Blocks/Equipment or to

erect new Block/Equipment in the compound of the premises without
supplying the concerned Regional Office with a revised plan or
revising the plan filed with the concerned Regional Office.

(4) To keep at the above described premises a copy, exact in every

detail of the plan supplied to your Regional Office, same to be
available to the Regional Office’s Engineer during his visits of
inspection.

(5) Not to re-number (or re-letter) Blocks, Compartments, etc., as

recorded on the plan filed with the Regional Office without advising
the Regional Office of such revision.

76
 I am (we
are),
Yours
faithfully,

Note : All communication to the Regional Office of the

Committee must be through the Leading Office on the risk.
Appendix III

Details of Automatic Fixed Water Spray Protection System Available at

(Name of Risk)

1. Type of System High Velocity/Medium Velocity

2. Details of the Installation

2.1 Pumps No1 No2 No3 Jockey

Type (s)-Centrifugal/
vertical turbine.
Name Plate details:

Name of the Manufacturer.

Type/model
size of impeller
Discharge
Head
Serial number
RPM

2.2 Primemovers No1 No2 No3 Jockey

Type(s)-Electrical
motor/Diesel Engine
Name plate details :

Name of the manufacturer.

Type/Model
Horse Power/BHP
Serial number
Voltage/Current
Rated RPM
Type of insulation
Fuel tank capacity litres

2.3 Make and type of Automatic

Pressure regulator.
2.4 Air Compressor(s)

77
 Location of air compressor(s)
Name of the manufacturer
Name plate details
Maximum Air Pressure
available for the system
Capacity of air compressor in M3
Demand of installation(s) i.e.
volume of air piping.

3. Water Supplies

3.1 Source of water supplies/Inflow arrangement for fire water Reservoir.

3.2 Water Reservoir

Demand Resv.No.1 Resv. No.2 Resv. No.3 Remarks

in
Cubic capacity capacity capacity
System Metres
M3 M3 M3
M3

Actually provided in M3

Sprinkler

Spray

Hydrant

Foam

N.B.1 : Specify whether the reservoirs are underground, surface or

overhead.

N.B.2 : Specific mention should be made in case H.V. and M.V. Systems
are independent of each other.

3.3 Whether tanks have independent/Common suction or whether tanks are

inter-connected, give details :

4. DETAILS OF FIXED WATER SPRAY INSTALLATIONS

Deluge valves Equipments/Blocks Detectors

Projectors/Sprayers

78
 Protected

Discharge

Reqmnt.
Sr. Size & Pressure Orifice HV/MV K. in
No. Type Make available Plate Systems Names Type Make
Nos. Make Nos. Size Factor LPS
Details

For HV System :- For MV System :-

Basis of Pump Design Basis of Pump Design

Actual Pump Capacity Provided Actual Pump Capacity

Provided

Water Demand-(Discharge x Duration Water Demand-(Discharge x

Duration)

5. Pipes

Underground/above ground
Type and method of jointing
Make

IS or other equivalent
specification
Details of Coating/Wrapping, if any

To what pressure have the pipes

been tested

6. Testing and maintenance of the system :

1. Whether the deluge valves/alarm bell provided at the premises

tested/examined/operated at least once in 3 months.

2. Frequency of checking/cleaning of spray nozzles strainers.

79
3. Frequency of pump(s) testing with remarks.

4. Are the records of all tests and defects maintained

5. Whether at least 10% spares such as detectors, sprayers, projectors

and allied equipment are kept in stock readily available.

Place :

Date :
SIGNATURE.

(FORM TO BE SIGNED BY THE OWNER OF THE PREMISES).

80
 RULES FOR WATER SPRAY SYSTEMS

Appendix III

Details of Automatic Fixed Water Spray Protection System Available at

(Name of Risk)

1. Type of System High Velocity/Medium Velocity

2. Details of the Installation

2.1 Pumps No1 No2 No3 Jockey

Type (s)-Centrifugal/
vertical turbine.
Name Plate details:

Name of the Manufacturer.

Type/model
size of impeller
Discharge
Head
Serial number
RPM

2.2 Primemovers No1 No2 No3 Jockey

Type(s)-Electrical
motor/Diesel Engine
Name plate details :

Name of the manufacturer.

Type/Model
Horse Power/BHP
Serial number
Voltage/Current
Rated RPM
Type of insulation
Fuel tank capacity litres

2.3 Make and type of Automatic

Pressure regulator.
2.4 Air Compressor(s)

Location of air compressor(s)

81
 Name of the manufacturer
Name plate details
Maximum Air Pressure
available for the system
Capacity of air compressor in M3
Demand of installation(s) i.e.
volume of air piping.

3. Water Supplies

3.1 Source of water supplies/Inflow arrangement for fire water Reservoir.

3.2 Water Reservoir

Demand Resv.No.1 Resv. No.2 Resv. No.3 Remarks

in
Cubic capacity capacity capacity
System Metres
M3 M3 M3
M3

Actually provided in M3

Sprinkler

Spray

Hydrant

Foam

N.B.1 : Specify whether the reservoirs are underground, surface or

overhead.

N.B.2 : Specific mention should be made in case H.V. and M.V. Systems
are independent of each other.

3.3 Whether tanks have independent/Common suction or whether tanks are

inter-connected, give details :

4. DETAILS OF FIXED WATER SPRAY INSTALLATIONS

Deluge valves Equipments/Blocks Detectors

Projectors/Sprayers
Protected

Discharge

82
 Reqmnt.
Sr. Size & Pressure Orifice HV/MV K. in
No. Type Make available Plate Systems Names Type Make
Nos. Make Nos. Size Factor LPS
Details

For HV System :- For MV System :-

Basis of Pump Design Basis of Pump Design

Actual Pump Capacity Provided Actual Pump Capacity

Provided

Water Demand-(Discharge x Duration Water Demand-(Discharge x

Duration)

5. Pipes

Underground/above ground
Type and method of jointing
Make

IS or other equivalent
specification
Details of Coating/Wrapping, if any

To what pressure have the pipes

been tested

6. Testing and maintenance of the system :

1. Whether the deluge valves/alarm bell provided at the premises

tested/examined/operated at least once in 3 months.

2. Frequency of checking/cleaning of spray nozzles strainers.

3. Frequency of pump(s) testing with remarks.

83
4. Are the records of all tests and defects maintained

5. Whether at least 10% spares such as detectors, sprayers, projectors

and allied equipment are kept in stock readily available.

Place :

Date :
SIGNATURE.

(FORM TO BE SIGNED BY THE OWNER OF THE PREMISES).

84